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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京師范大學(xué)-香港浸會大學(xué)聯(lián)合國際學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Ingeneral,theamountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifthofthetotal______forlivingexpenses.

問題1選項

A.acceptable

B.advisable

C.available

D.applicable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項acceptable“可接受的”;B選項advisable“可取的”;C選項available“可獲得的”;D選項applicable“適用的”。句意:一般來說,學(xué)生在住房上的開銷應(yīng)該占總共______開銷的五分之一。根據(jù)語境,這里指的是在所擁有的開銷中,住房占五分之一,available“可獲得的”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

2.單選題

Whathehadinmind()tonothinglessthanatotalreversalofthetraditionalroleoftheexecutive.

問題1選項

A.contributed

B.dedicated

C.amounted

D.added

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項contribute“貢獻(xiàn);投稿;捐獻(xiàn)”;B選項dedicate“致力;獻(xiàn)身”;C選項amount“總計;相當(dāng)于”;D選項add“增加,添加”。句意:他腦子里想的東西完全顛覆了傳統(tǒng)意義上的角色執(zhí)行官。此題應(yīng)注意題干中的“nothinglessthan完全是”,可推知“相當(dāng)于”符合語境,因此C選項正確。

3.單選題

10.

問題1選項

A.Shecan’twaitfortheman.

B.Sheisveryeagertoseetheman.

C.ShewillgototheUSAwiththeman.

D.Sheexpectsthemantostay.

【答案】B

【解析】M:HoneyI’mleavingtonightandgettotheUnitedStatesat7o’clocktomorrowmorning.

W:Woo,woo,Ican’twaittoseeyou.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】固定搭配。Can’twaittoseesb.的意思是:迫不及待想見某人。

4.單選題

Thetwentiethcenturyhaswitnessedanenormousworldwidepolitical,economicandcultural().

問題1選項

A.tradition

B.transportation

C.transmission

D.transformation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。tradition“傳統(tǒng),慣例”;transportation“運輸,運輸系統(tǒng)”;transmission“傳動裝置”;transformation“轉(zhuǎn)化,轉(zhuǎn)換,改革”。句意:20世紀(jì)見證了世界范圍內(nèi)政治、經(jīng)濟和文化的變革。D項符合題意。

5.單選題

Sincethefirstbrainscannerwasconstructedseveralyearsago,computedtomographyorcomputedmedicalimagery,hasbecomefairlywidelyused.ItsrapidacceptanceisduetothefactthatithasovercomeseveralofthedrawbacksofconventionalX-raytechnology.

Tobeginwith,conventionaltwo-dimensionalX-raypicturescannotshowalloftheinformationcontainedinathree-dimensionalobject.Thingsatdifferentdepthsaresuperimposed,causingconfusiontotheviewer.Computedtomographycangivethree-dimensionalinformation.Thecomputerisabletoreconstructpicturesofthebody'sinteriorbymeasuringthevaryingintensitiesofX-raybeamspassingthroughsectionsofthebodyfromhundredsofdifferentangles.Suchpicturesarebasedonseriesofthin…slices".

Inaddition,conventionalX-raygenerallydifferentiatesonlybetweenboneandair,asinthechestandlungs.Theycannotdistinguishsofttissuesorvariationsintissues.Theliverandpancreasarenotdiscernibleatall,andcertainotherorgansmaxonlyberenderedvisiblethroughtheuseofradioopaquedye.Sincecomputedtomographyismuchmoresensitive,thesofttissuesofthekidneysorthelivercanbeseenandclearlydifferentiated.ThistechniquecanalsoaccuratelymeasuredifferentdegreesofX-rayabsorption,facilitatingthestudyofthenatureof'tissue.

AthirdproblemwithconventionalX-raymethodsistheirinabilitytomeasurequantitativelytheseparatedensitiesoftheindividualsubstancesthroughwhichtheX-rayhaspassed.Onlythemeanabsorptionofallthetissuesisrecorded.Thisisnotaproblemwithcomputedtomography.Itcanaccuratelylocateatumorandsubsequentlymonitortheprogressofradiationtreatment,sothatinadditiontoitsdiagnosticcapabilities,itcanplayasignificantroleintherapy.

1.ConventionalX-raysmainlyshowthedifferencebetween()

.

2.Whatkindofviewismadepossiblebycontiguouscrosssectionsofthebody?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,comparedtoconventionalX-raytechniques,computedtomographyismore()

.

4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthisnewtechnique?

5.Accordingtothepassage,computedtomographycanbeusedforallofthefollowingEXCEPT()

.

問題1選項

A.boneandair

B.liverandpancreas

C.muscleandotherbodytissues

D.heartandlungs

問題2選項

A.Two-dimensional.

B.Three-dimensional.

C.Animated.

D.Intensified.

問題3選項

A.compact

B.rapid

C.economical

D.informative

問題4選項

A.Cautious.

B.Tolerant.

C.Enthusiastic.

D.Critical.

問題5選項

A.monitoringapatient'sdisease

B.diagnosingdisorders

C.locatingtumors

D.reconstructingdamagedtissues

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:根據(jù)第三段的第一句“ConventionalX-raygenerallydifferentiatesonlybetweenboneandair...”可知,選項A正確。

第2題:根據(jù)第二段的第三句“Computedtomographycangivethree-dimensionalinformation.”可知,選項B符合原文。

第3題:通讀全文可知,計算機斷層掃描相對于傳統(tǒng)射線掃描來說,能夠顯示三維物體所包含的所有信息,能夠清楚地看到更深層次的組織,以及通過物質(zhì)的密度進(jìn)行定位,這些都說明計算機斷層掃描相對于傳統(tǒng)射線掃描來說更加信息化。只有選項D符合原文。

第4題:通讀全文可知,作者對這項新技術(shù)的態(tài)度是積極的,看好的。選項A謹(jǐn)慎的;選項B寬容的;選項D批評的,都不符合原文。所以選項C正確。

第5題:根據(jù)原文可知,計算機斷層掃描可以監(jiān)測患者的疾??;可以診斷疾?。豢梢远ㄎ荒[瘤,但不能重建受損組織。所以選D。

6.單選題

Thejudge()themurderertotwentyyearsinprison.

問題1選項

A.required

B.determined

C.indicated

D.sentenced

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項required“要求,命令”;B選項determine“決定,確定”。C選項indicate“表明,指出”。D選項sentence“宣判,判決”。句意:法官判處殺人犯20年監(jiān)禁。本句表示“對殺人犯進(jìn)行宣判”。因此D選項符合題意。

7.單選題

Thegardenlookedasifit______foryears.

問題1選項

A.wasn’twatered

B.didn’twater

C.hasn’twatered

D.hadn’tbeenwatered

【答案】D

【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意:這花園看起來多年未澆水。looked為一般過去時,澆水的動作發(fā)生在過去的過去,側(cè)重未澆水的結(jié)果,用過去完成時;結(jié)合花園被澆水確定用被動語態(tài),D選項hadn’tbeenwatered符合題意。因此D選項正確。

8.單選題

Iamfeelingtootiredtodriveanymore,willyou____?

問題1選項

A.turnover

B.takeover

C.handover

D.goover

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.turnover翻轉(zhuǎn)B.takeover接替

C.handover(把某事)交給……負(fù)責(zé)D.goover仔細(xì)檢查

【答案】B

【考查點】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】句意:我累得不能再開車了,你可以……嗎?根據(jù)句意,可知他已經(jīng)很累了,不想繼續(xù)開車,希望另一個人接替他開車。因此選B。

【干擾項排除】

C選項handover“(把某事)交給……負(fù)責(zé)”指如果把某物移交給某人,就是把處理特定情況或問題的責(zé)任交給他們。該選項不符合語境;

A、D選項均不符合句意。

【句意】我覺得太累了,不能再開車了,你能代替我嗎?

9.單選題

Businessinthisareahasbeen()becausepricesaretoohigh.

問題1選項

A.prosperous

B.secretive

C.slack

D.shrill

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項prosperous“繁榮的,興旺的”;B選項secretive“秘密的,偷偷摸摸的”;C選項slack“松弛的,蕭條的”;D選項shrill“尖銳的,刺耳的”。句意:由于價格太高,這個地區(qū)的生意()。本句表達(dá)的意思是“價格太高,所以這里的生意很蕭條”,因此C選項符合題意。

10.單選題

Youshouldknowbetterthan(

)yourlittlesisterathomebyherself.

問題1選項

A.toleave

B.leaving

C.tohaveleft

D.left

【答案】A

【解析】句意:你應(yīng)該很清楚不應(yīng)該把你妹妹一個人留在家里。

固定搭配。knowbetterthantodosth.很清楚不應(yīng)該做……。

11.單選題

TheaudiencecheeredasNumberthreehadrowedhimselfoutandwasslumpedoverhisoaratthe().

問題1選項

A.deadline

B.finishedline

C.finishingline

D.finishline

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。deadline“截止線,界線”;finishline“終點線”,finishedline“竣工線”;沒有搭配deadline和finishingline,選項A和C可排除。句意:當(dāng)三號選手筋疲力盡地劃到終點,伏倒他的槳上,觀眾們歡呼起來。選項D符合題意。

12.單選題

Thetheoryofplatetectonicsdescribesthemotionsofthelithosphere,thecomparativelyrigidouterlayeroftheEarththatincludesallthecrustandpartoftheunderlyingmantle.Thelithosphereisdividedintoafewdozenplatesofvarioussizesandshapes,ingeneraltheplatesareinmotionwithrespecttooneanother.Amid-oceanridgeisaboundarybetweenplateswherenewlithosphericmaterialisinjectedfrombelow.AStheplatesdivergefromamid-oceanridgetheyslideonamoreyieldinglayeratthebaseofthelithosphere.

SincethesizeoftheEarthisessentiallyconstant,newlithospherecanbecreatedatthemid-oceanridgesonlyifanequalamountoflithosphericmaterialisconsumedelsewhere.Thesiteofthisdestructionisanotherkindofplateboundary:asubductionzone.Thereoneplatedivesundertheedgeofanotherandisreincorporatedintothemantle.Bothkindsofplateboundaryareassociatedwithfaultsystems,earthquakesandvolcanism,butthekindsofgeologicactivityobservedatthetwoboundariesarequitedifferent.

Theideaofsea-foodspreadingactuallyprecededthetheoryofplatetectonics.Initsoriginalversion,intheearly1960’s,itdescribedthecreationanddestructionoftheoceanfloor,butitdidnotspecifyrigidlithosphericplates.ThehypothesiswassubstantiatedsoonafterwardbythediscoverythatperiodicreversalsoftheEarth’smagneticfieldarerecordedintheoceaniccrust.Asmagmarisesunderthemid-oceanridge,ferromagneticmineralsinthemagmabecomemagnetizedinthedirectionofthegeomagneticfield.Whenthemagmacooksandsolidifies,thedirectionandthepolarityofthefieldarepreservedinthemagnetizedvolcanicrock.Reversalsofthefieldgiverisetoaseriesofmagneticstripesrunningparalleltotheaxisoftherift.Theoceaniccrustthusservesasamagnetictaperecordingofthehistoryofthegeomagneticfieldthatcanbedatedindependentlythewidthofthestripesindicatestherateofthesea-floorspreading.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thereareapproximatelyhowmanylithosphericplates?

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttectonicplates?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthelithosphereisLEASTlikelytobetrue?

5.WhatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheperiodicreversaloftheEarth’smagneticfield?

問題1選項

A.Magneticfieldreversal.

B.Theformationofmagma.

C.Thelocationofmid-oceanridges.

D.Platetectonictheory.

問題2選項

A.Six.

B.Twelve.

C.Twenty-fourormore.

D.Onethousandninehundred.

問題3選項

A.Theyaremovinginrelationshiptooneother.

B.Theyhaveunchangingborders.

C.Theyarelocatedfarbeneaththelithosphere.

D.Theyhavethesameshape.

問題4選項

A.ItisarelativelyinflexiblelayeroftheEarth.

B.Itismadeupentirelyofvolcanicash.

C.ItincludesthecrustandsomeofthemantleoftheEarth.

D.Itisdividedintoplatesofvariousshapesandsizes.

問題5選項

A.Itisinexplicable.

B.Itsupportsthehypothesisofsea-floorspreading.

C.Itwasdiscoverybeforethe1960’s.

D.Itindicatestheamountofmagmapresent.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。作者在文章第一段第一句交代了Thetheoryofplatetectonicsdescribesthemotionsofthelithosphere(板塊構(gòu)造理論描述的是巖石圈的運動),隨后對此話題進(jìn)行展開,D選項“板塊構(gòu)造理論”正確,A選項“磁場逆轉(zhuǎn)”,B選項“巖漿的形成”和C選項“洋中海脊的位置”是文章的部分內(nèi)容,不足以概括全文。因此D選項正確。

2.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第二句Thelithosphereisdividedintoafewdozenplatesofvarioussizesandshapes(巖石圈被劃分為幾十個大小和形狀各異的板塊),可知C選項“24個或更多”符合題意。A選項“6”,B選項“12”和D選項“1900”不符合題意。因此C選項正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句ingeneraltheplatesareinmotionwithrespecttooneanother(通常這些板塊都處于相對運動中),可知A選項“它們在相對位移”正確。B選項“它們的邊界不變”和D選項“它們的形狀相同”:根據(jù)第二段第二、三句Thereoneplatedivesundertheedgeofanotherandisreincorporatedintothemantle.(在那里,一塊板塊俯沖到另一塊板塊的邊緣之下并與地幔結(jié)合在一起。),可知邊界會改變,形狀也不會相同。C選項“它們位于巖石圈深處”:根據(jù)第一段第一句Thetheoryofplatetectonicsdescribesthemotionsofthelithosphere(板塊構(gòu)造理論描述巖石圈的運動),可知板塊構(gòu)造包括整個巖石圈。因此A選項正確。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句Initsoriginalversion,intheearly1960’s,itdescribedthecreationanddestructionoftheoceanfloor,butitdidnotspecifyrigidlithosphericplates.(在20世紀(jì)60年代它的理論雛形中,描述了海底的生成和毀滅,但沒有詳細(xì)介紹堅硬的巖石圈板塊。),可知這一段講述的是海洋中巖石圈的情況,不是所有的,沒有普遍性,B選項“它完全由火山灰構(gòu)成”過于絕對,不符合文章內(nèi)容。A選項“它是地球上一個相對不靈活的層”:根據(jù)第二段第一句SincethesizeoftheEarthisessentiallyconstant,newlithospherecanbecreatedatthemid-oceanridgesonlyifanequalamountoflithosphericmaterialisconsumedelsewhere.(由于地球的大小本質(zhì)上是不變的,只有同等數(shù)量的巖石圈物質(zhì)在其它地方被吞沒,新的巖石圈才能生成。),可知巖石圈物質(zhì)總體沒有質(zhì)的變化,只有數(shù)的變化,所以即使有生有滅,但是相對不靈活,符合文章內(nèi)容。C選項“它包括地球的地殼和部分地?!保焊鶕?jù)第一段第一句thecomparativelyrigidouterlayeroftheEarththatincludesallthecrustandpartoftheunderlyingmantle(巖石圈是相對堅硬的地球外層,包括全部地殼和部分地幔。),可知符合文章內(nèi)容。D選項“它被分成各種形狀和大小的板塊”:根據(jù)第一段第二句Thelithosphereisdividedintoafewdozenplatesofvarioussizesandshapes(巖石圈被劃分為幾十個大小和形狀各異的板塊),可知符合文章內(nèi)容。因此B選項正確。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Theideaofsea-foodspreadingactuallyprecededthetheoryofplatetectonics.(海產(chǎn)品傳播的觀點實際上早于板塊構(gòu)造理論。)和第三句ThehypothesiswassubstantiatedsoonafterwardbythediscoverythatperiodicreversalsoftheEarth’smagneticfieldarerecordedintheoceaniccrust.(這個假設(shè)不久之后為發(fā)現(xiàn)所證實。該發(fā)現(xiàn)表明地球磁場周期性的逆轉(zhuǎn)被記錄在海洋地殼中。),可知作者講述地球磁場的周期性逆轉(zhuǎn)是為了支持海底擴張假說,B選項“支持海底擴張假說”正確,A選項“這無法解釋”錯誤。C選項“在20世紀(jì)60年代之前被發(fā)現(xiàn)”:根據(jù)第三段第二句Initsoriginalversion,intheearly1960’s(在20世紀(jì)60年代,它的理論雛形中),可知這是在20世紀(jì)60年代被發(fā)現(xiàn)而非在這之前。D選項“它表明巖漿的數(shù)量”。因此B選項正確。

13.寫作題

Whydoyouthinksomepeopleareattractedtodangeroussportsorotherdangerousactivities?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Yourcompositionshouldbenolessthan200words.

【答案】WhyPeopleAreAttractedtoDangerousSports?14.單選題

Duringthe1992presidentialcampaignanewmediastaremerged-VirginiaKelley,themotherofcandidateClinton,whodiedofbreastcancerthispastJanuary.ItwasshewhocreatedtheClintonlore;throughoutthecampaignshetoldhow14-year-oldBillhadstooduptohisdrunken,abusivestepfatheronenighttoprotectVirginiaandhislittlebrother.ShealsotoldwithgreateffectivehowyoungClintonhadcomebackhomewithstarsinhiseyesaftermeetingJFKatBoysNationinWashington.Sheknewthen,shesaid,thathewouldgointopublicservice.Shealsocreatedherownlore-fourhusbands,anup-and-downnursingcareer,andherpassionformakeup(sheevenworeittobedincaseshegotacallfromthehospitalinthemiddleofthenight).Shesimplywonthepublicoverwithhercandorandlackofpretense.

Nowtheseoft-toldaretoldagaininLeadingWithMyHeart,byVirginiaKelleywithJamesMorgan...Notsurprisingly,thestoriesfeelfamiliarhere,especiallysincethebookarrivesjustafewmonthsafterabatterofobituariesofMrs.Kelley.Butthebookhasanotherproblem:asisoftenthecasewithco-writtenmemoirs,itfeelsinauthentic.Writteninaprosaic,colorlessstyle,thisdoesn’tsoundthewayweimagineMrs.Kelleytalked.TherearenoSouthernlocutions,andthegrammarisimpeccable.Wherearethespicystoriesortheoccasional“damn”or“hell”?

Coke-bottleglasses:Anyoneapproachingthiscelebritybookwithaneyeforgossipwillalsobedisappointed.Whatfeelsfresh,though,isMrs.Kelley’sdescriptionsofhershockatmeetingHillaryRodhamwhenBillbroughtherhomefromYaleLawSchool.TheyoungwomanworeCoke-bottleGlasses,nomakeupandhadperfectlyhair-nothingliketheDixiebeautyqueensthatClintonusuallydated.ShewasalsoabluntYankee,andnotadeptatSouthernblarney.“TherewasalmostakindofculturaltensionbetweenMotherandHillary.”saidClinton.“Iguessthat’sasgoodawaytoputitasany.”replieshismother.Buttherewasnogoingback:“Iwantyoutoprayforme.Praythatit’sIHilary.BecauseI’lltellyouthis:formeit'sHillaryorit’snobody,”hetoldhisunhappymother.“Icouldn’tstandit,”shewrites.“Herewasthiswoman1didn’tunderstand,didn’tfeelcomfortablewith.Andshewasallhewanted.”

There’salotthat’smovingaboutMrs.Kelley’sstory,partlybecauseofthewayshehandlesherfinalillness.“Youcan’ttellmysonsaboutmycondition,”shetellshershockeddoctor.Shemayhavehadadisaffectedmotherandaparadeofmostlybadmarriages.Butinthelastyearofherlife,shealsohadamemorygrantedtofewparents-thethrillofattendingherson’sInaugurationandthegalathatnight.“Whatanightithadbeen”shewrote."amagicalevening.”

1.VirginiaKellymightbebestcharacterizedas(

).

2.VirginiaKellybelievedhersonwasmotivatedtogointopublicservicebyhis(

).

3.The“bookarrivesjustafewmonthsafterabatteryofobituaries…’’Theunderlinedwordssuggestthat-Kelley’sdeathwas

).

4.Accordingtothereviewer,thestyleofLeadingWithMyHearis

).

5.HillarydifferedfromClinton’sformerdatesprimarilyin(

).

問題1選項

A.genuine

B.morose

C.pitiable

D.elitist

問題2選項

A.difficultchildhood

B.meetingwithPresidentKennedy

C.lawstudiesatYale

D.desiretochangetheworld

問題3選項

A.honoredwithartilleryfire

B.mournednationwide

C.markedbynumerousdeathnotices

D.ignoredbythepress

問題4選項

A.vividandinteresting

B.refinedbutsouthern

C.monotonousandbland

D.earthybutincredible

問題5選項

A.beingeducatedasalawyer

B.wearingstylishglasses

C.beingindifferenttoherappearance

D.beingadirectnortherner

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“VirginiaKelley的性格能被最好地定義為……”。文章第一段最后一句提到“她的坦率和不裝腔作勢贏得了大眾的信任”(Shesimplywonthepublicoverwithhercandorandlackofpretense),因此選項A“真誠的”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“Kelley認(rèn)為她的兒子是受他的……激勵而加入公共事務(wù)”。文章第一段第二至第四句提到了克林頓勇敢面對他醉酒并虐待他們的繼父,Kelley在認(rèn)識克林頓之后認(rèn)為他會從事公共事務(wù)(Sheknewthen,shesaid,thathewouldgointopublicservice),由此可推測克林頓是想改變世界,因此選項D符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“這里劃線的句子(書是在她的一連串的訃告登出幾個月之后才出版的)暗示凱麗夫人的逝世……”。由這里的“bookarrivesjustafewmonths”(幾個月后),說明出版社忽視了凱麗夫人的死。選項D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“評論員認(rèn)為LeadingWithMyHear的風(fēng)格是……”。文章第二段第三句提到“但是這本書有個問題:由于是合著回憶錄,所以感覺不真實”(Butthebookhasanotherproblem:asisoftenthecasewithco-writtenmemoirs,itfeelsinauthentic),因此選項D“樸實但不可信”符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。題目問的是“希拉里跟克林頓先前的約會對象的主要區(qū)別在于……”。文章第三段提到“這位年輕女士戴著可樂瓶眼睛,沒有化妝,發(fā)型完美——一點也不像克林頓經(jīng)常約會的迪克西美女女王們”(TheyoungwomanworeCoke-bottleGlasses,nomakeupandhadperfectlyhair-nothingliketheDixiebeautyqueensthatClintonusuallydated),因此選項C“不注重外表”符合題意。

15.單選題

Theschoolauthority(

)professorWatsonthathewouldgetonemillionin5years.

問題1選項

A.ensured

B.assured

C.insured

D.sured

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項ensure“確保,保證”;B選項assured“使確信;弄清”;C選項insure“確保,保證;給……保險”;沒有sured這個詞。缺謂語動詞,由主語Theschoolauthority“學(xué)校當(dāng)局”和professorWatson和thathewouldgetonemillionin5years的關(guān)系可知assured“使(某人)確信(某事)”符合題意,句意為:校方向沃森教授保證,他將在5年內(nèi)獲得100萬。故答案選B。

16.單選題

IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1995,thehousingproblemsnowinsomepartsofthecountry___soserious.

問題1選項

A.wouldn’tbe

B.wouldn’thavebeen

C.willnotbe

D.wouldhavenotbeen

【答案】A

【解析】考查錯綜時間虛擬條件句。第一句是虛擬過去時IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1995(had=過去時),但第二句thehousingproblemsnow,關(guān)鍵是now,表示現(xiàn)在,時態(tài)發(fā)生改變。變?yōu)殄e綜虛擬條件句,即條件從句與主句所指時間不一致,如從句指過去,而主句即指的是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?,此時應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的語境情調(diào)整。句意:如果美國在1995年為窮人建造更多的住房,現(xiàn)在美國一些地區(qū)的住房問題就不會那么嚴(yán)重。本句表示如果以前怎樣,那現(xiàn)在的問題就不會那么嚴(yán)重,主句時態(tài)用情態(tài)動詞+現(xiàn)在時。因此A選項正確。

17.單選題

Medicinedependsonotherfieldsforbasicinformation,particularlysomeoftheirspecializedbranches.

問題1選項

A.conventionally

B.obviously

C.inevitably

D.especially

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項conventionally“通?!保籅選項obviously“明顯地”;C選項inevitably“不可避免地”;D選項especially“尤其”。句意:醫(yī)學(xué)依賴于其他領(lǐng)域的基本信息,特別是某些領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)信息分支。表達(dá)的是“特別”的意思,因此D選項符合題意。

18.單選題

AIDSactivistspermanentlychangedandshortenedAmerica’s(

)processfortestingandapprovingnewdrugsofallkinds,foralldiseases.

問題1選項

A.efficient

B.stagnant

C.complex

D.appropriate

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。efficient有效率的;stagnant停滯的,不景氣的;complex復(fù)雜的,合成的;appropriate適當(dāng)?shù)?。句意:艾滋病活動人士永久性地改變并縮短了美國測試和批準(zhǔn)用于治療各種疾病的各種新藥的復(fù)雜過程。選項C符合句意。

19.單選題

LargeareasofAlaskanlandremaindesolateduetoharshclimate.

問題1選項

A.inaccessible

B.immature

C.parched

D.stark

【答案】D

【解析】句意:由于氣候惡劣,阿拉斯加的大片土地仍然荒涼。desolate意為“荒涼的,無人煙的”。inaccessible難達(dá)到的,難接近的;immature不成熟的;parched炎熱的,干透的;stark荒涼的,光禿禿的。選項D與之意思相近。

20.單選題

Onecommonalityoffitnessisthestrongassociationofmilitaryandpoliticalmight[A]withphysicalfitnessthroughoutmankind’sadvancement.Inmanyways,thisshowshow[B]impactingourworldleaderscanbeonhealthandfitness.Themind-bodyconcepthashadatenuousdevelopment.Attimes,someculturesprescribedspiritualityattheexpenseofthebody[C]whereasothers,suchasGreeksociety,[D]upholdtheidealthatasoundmindcanonlybefoundinahealthybody.

問題1選項

A.with

B.impacting

C.whereas

D.uphold

【答案】D

【解析】考查時態(tài)。Whereas引導(dǎo)的句子與前面是并列關(guān)系,因此D選項處動詞時態(tài)應(yīng)與prescribe保持一致,因此需要將uphold改為upheld。

21.單選題

Ifsanityandinsanityexist,howshallweknowthem?

Thequestionisneithercapriciousnoritselfinsane.Howevermuchwemaybepersonallyconvincedthatwecantellthenormalfromtheabnormal,theevidenceissimplynotcompelling.Itiscommonplace,forexample,toreadaboutmurdertrialswhereineminentpsychiatristsforthedefensearecontradictedbyequallyeminentpsychiatristsfortheprosecutiononthematterofthedefendant'ssanity.Moregenerally,thereareagreatdealofconflictingdataonthereliability,utility,andmeaningofsuchtermsas"sanity","insanity","mentalillness,"and"schizophrenia."

Finally,asearlyas1934,Benedictsuggestedthatnormalityandabnormalityarenotuniversal.Whatisviewedasnormalinoneculturemaybeseenasquiteaberrantinanother.Thus,notionsofnormalityandabnormalitymaynotbequiteasaccurateaspeoplebelievetheyare.

Toraisequestionsregardingnormalityandabnormalityisinnowaytoquestionthefactthatsomebehaviorsaredeviantorodd.Murderisdeviant.So,too,arehallucinations.Nordoesraisingsuchquestionsdenytheexistenceofthepersonalanguishthatisoftenassociatedwith"mentalillness."Anxietyanddepressionexist.Psychologicalsufferingexists.Butnormalityandabnormality,sanityandinsanity,andthediagnosesthatflowfromthemmaybelesssubstantivethanmanybelievethemtobe.

Atitsheart,thequestionofwhetherthesanecanbedistinguishedfromtheinsaneisasimplematter:Dothesalientcharacteristicsthatleadtodiagnosesresideinthepatientsthemselvesorintheenvironmentsandcontextsinwhichobserversfindthem?FromBleuler,throughKretchmer,throughtheformulatorsoftherecentlyrevisedDiagnosticandStatisticalManualoftheAmericanPsychiatricAssociation,thebeliefhasbeenstrongthatpatientspresentsymptoms,thatthosesymptomscanbecategorized,andimplicitly,thatthesanearedistinguishablefromtheinsane.Morerecently,however,thisbeliefhasbeenquestioned.Basedinpartontheoreticalandanthropologicalconsiderations,butalsoonphilosophical,legal,andtherapeuticones,theviewhasgrownthatpsychologicalcategorizationofmentalillnessisuselessatbestanddownrightharmful,misleading,andpejorativeatworst.Psychiatricdiagnoses,inthisview,areinthemindsoftheobserversandarenotvalidsummariesofcharacteristicsdisplayedbytheobserved.

Gainscanbemadeindecidingwhichoftheseismorenearlyaccuratebygettingnormalpeopleadmittedtopsychiatrichospitalsandthendeterminingwhethertheywerediscoveredtobesaneand,ifso,how.Ifthesanityofsuchpseudopatientswerealwaysdetected,therewouldbeprimafacieevidencethatasaneindividualcanbedistinguishedfromtheinsanecontextinwhichheisfound.Normalityisdistinctenoughthatitcanberecognizedwhereveritoccurs,foritiscarriedwithintheperson.If,ontheotherhand,thesanityofthepseudopatientswereneverdiscovered,seriousdifficultieswouldariseforthosewhosupporttraditionalmodesofpsychiatricdiagnosis.Giventhatthehospitalstaffwasnotincompetent,thatthepseudopatienthadbeenbehavingassanelyashehadbeenoutsideofthehospital,andthatithadneverpreviouslysuggestedthathebelongedinapsychiatrichospital,suchanunlikelyoutcomewouldsupporttheviewthatpsychiatricdiagnosisbetrayslittleaboutthepatientbutmuchabouttheenvironmentinwhichanobserverfindshim.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

2.Whatdoestheword"them"inthelastsentenceofthefourthparagraphreferto?

3.Theword"pejorative"couldbestbereplacedby().

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestexplainthelastpartofthepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldmostlikelyfollowthispassage?

問題1選項

A.Wecanjudgepreciselywhatconstitutesnormalityandabnormality.

B.Itisnoteasytodistinguishsanityfrominsanity.

C.Itisnodoubtthatsomebehaviorsofhumanbeingsareodd.

D.Settingswherepeoplearelivinghavemuchtodowithhowweknowwhatsanityis.

問題2選項

A.Questionsfromnormalityandabnormality.

B.Thediagnoses.

C.Normalityandabnormality,sanityandinsanity.

D.People.

問題3選項

A.peevish

B.depreciatory

C.negative

D.meaningless

問題4選項

A.Psychiatricdiagnosisdoesn'tinformpeopleofthepatientbutoftheenvironmentwhereheisliving.

B.Thepatientisn'tbetrayedbypsychiatristsbutbytheenvironmentwhereheisliving.

C.Psychiatristsknowmoreaboutthepatientthantheenvironmentwhereheisliving.

D.Psychiatricdiagnosisislikelytoimprovetheenvironmentwherethepatientislivingwhichdoeslittlehelptohim.

問題5選項

A.Descriptionoftheexperimentofputtingsomesanepeopleinpsychiatrichospitals.

B.Argumentagainstthedifficultyofdistinguishingthesanefromtheinsane.

C.Descriptionoftheexperimentofsaneandinsanepeopleinthesamepsychiatrichospitals.

D.Argumentforthedifficultyoffindingoutwhoarerealpatients.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段,“Howevermuchwemaybepersonallyconvincedthatwecantellthenormalfromtheabnormal,theevidenceissimplynotcompelling.”,可知無論我們個人多么相信我們能夠分辨出正常和異常,這些證據(jù)根本就沒有說服力。選項B可排除。根據(jù)文章四段,“Toraisequestionsregardingnormalityandabnormalityisinnowaytoquestionthefactthatsomebehaviorsaredeviantorodd.”,可知提出關(guān)于正常和異常的問題并不能質(zhì)疑某些行為是異常的或奇怪的這一事實。選項C可排除。根據(jù)文章最后一段內(nèi)容可知,人們生活的環(huán)境與了解理智的程度有很大關(guān)系,選項D可排除。綜上,選項A文中未提及。選項A符合題意。

2.詞義理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句,“Butnormalityandabnormality,sanityandinsanity,andthediagnosesthatflowfromthemmaybelesssubstantivethanmanybelievethemtobe.”,可知但正常與異常、理智與瘋狂,以及由此產(chǎn)生的分析調(diào)查,可能并不像許多人認(rèn)為的那樣具有實質(zhì)性??芍猼hem指代前面出現(xiàn)的normalityandabnormality,sanityandinsanity,選項C符合題意。

3.詞義理解題。pejorative“貶損的,貶抑的”;peevish“脾氣壞的,易怒的”;depreciatory“貶低的,輕蔑的”;negative“否定的,消極的”;meaningless“無意義的”。句意:越來越多的觀點認(rèn)為,對精神疾病進(jìn)行心理分類,往好處說是無用的,往壞處說是完全有害的、誤導(dǎo)的和貶低的。選項B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段,“…psychiatricdiagnosisbetrayslittleaboutthepatientbutmuchabouttheenvironmentinwhichanobserverfindshim.”,可知精神病學(xué)的診斷并很少告訴病人的情況,而是更多告訴他們所生活的環(huán)境。選項A符合題意。

5.推斷題。文章最后一段主要提到了人神智是否清晰與所處的環(huán)境存在很大的關(guān)系??赏茢喑鱿挛目赡軙@一話題進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的闡述,可能會描述一個將一些神志正常的人送入精神病院的實驗。選項A符合題意。

22.單選題

Globalizationisaphenomenonthathasbeenaffectingcountriesandsocietiesforseveraldecades,buttheoutlineoftheglobalsystemhasonlyemergedwithsomeclarityrecently.Theriseofglobalmarketsandtheincreaseinspeedandvolumeofinternationaltransactionshasbroughtaboutadegreeofinterdependenceandco-operationineconomicmattersamongstatesthathasnotsofarbeenmatchedbyacorrespondingincreaseinrespectforandprotectionofhumanrightsanddemocracy.Indeed,manydemocraciesarestillfragile,andhavenotmadethetransitionfromviewingdemocraticpracticesasinstrumentaltohavingawidelysharedprincipledcommitmenttothedemocraticandconstitutionalframework.

Theriseofglobaleconomicnetworkshasledtoariseintheinfluenceofglobalactorssuchasmulti-nationalcorporations,globaleconomicbodiessuchastheWTO,theWorldBank,theIMFandregionaleconomicorganizations.Theseconstituteanewformofglobalgovernancewhosedirectivesandimperativesstatesfindincreasinglydifficulttoignore.Theestablishedinternationalpoliticalorganizationshavenotcomeclosetoreplicatingthiseffectiveness.

Predictionsthatthephenomenonofglobalizationwi

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