考研考博-英語-廊坊燕京職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廊坊燕京職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

The（）airthatlingersaroundthesewerpipesisenoughtomakeanyonegag.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.raillery

B.noisome

C.supine

D.liturgy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞、名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)raillery“逗趣；開玩笑”；B選項(xiàng)noisome“惡臭的；有害的”；C選項(xiàng)supine“仰臥的；懶得動(dòng)的；向后靠的”；D選項(xiàng)liturgy“禮拜儀式；圣餐儀式；禱告文”。句意：縈繞在污水管周圍的惡臭的空氣足以使任何人窒息。結(jié)合句意，B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

[A]Amilk[B]canprovideprotein[C]foracheap,[D]nutritionallybalanceddiet.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.A

B.canprovide

C.foracheap

D.nutritionally

【答案】A

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】冠詞的使用。

【解題思路】Milk（牛奶）是不可數(shù)名詞，因此不能用不定冠詞a修飾，故去掉a。該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【句意】牛奶可以提供蛋白質(zhì)，提供便宜、營養(yǎng)均衡的飲食。

3.單選題

______conflictamongcity-statescausedtheeventualdeclineofGreekcivilization.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Continuous

B.Continual

C.Constant

D.Contrary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)continuous“連續(xù)不斷的”，指整個(gè)事發(fā)的過程都沒有中斷；B項(xiàng)continual“持續(xù)不斷的”，指一再的、頻繁的、反復(fù)發(fā)生的；C項(xiàng)constant“不變的、恒定的”；D項(xiàng)contrary“相反的、對(duì)立的”；句意：城邦國家之間頻繁的沖突導(dǎo)致希臘文明最終衰落。因此該題B項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

TheBritishpoliticalsystemhasevolvedoverseveralcenturies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.improved

B.developed

C.involved

D.survived

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)improved“改進(jìn)，增加”；B選項(xiàng)developed“發(fā)展，發(fā)達(dá)”；C選項(xiàng)involved“涉及，使參與”；D選項(xiàng)survived“幸存，存活”。句意：英國的政治制度是經(jīng)過幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的演變而成的。此處只有B選項(xiàng)可以最佳貼近“演變”這個(gè)含義，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Weallknowthatthenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7to8hours’sleepalternationwithsome16to17hour’swakefulnessandthat,broadlyspeaking,thesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthiscyclecanbemodified.

Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Thecase,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.Itnormally,takesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight.Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek;apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8a.m.oneweek,8a.m.to4p.m.thenext,and4p.m.to12midnightthethirdandsoon.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother,sothatmuchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingveryefficiently.

Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.Aninterestingstudyofthedomesticlifeandhealthofnight-shiftworkerswascarriedoutbyBrownin1957.Shefoundahighincidenceofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork.

Thislattersystemthenappearstobethebestlong-termpolicy,butmeanwhilesomethingmaybedonetorelievethestrainsofalternatedayandnightworkbyselectingthosepeoplewhocanadaptmostquicklytothechangesofroutine.Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight;whentheychangetonightworkthepatternwillonlygraduallygobacktomatchthenewroutineandthespeedwithwhichitdoessoparallels,broadlyspeaking,theadaptationofthebodyasawhole,particularlyintermsofperformance.Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasabasisforselection.Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice.

1.Whyisthequestionof“howeasilypeoplecangetusedtoworkingatnight”notamereacademicquestion?

2.Themainproblemoftheround-the-clockworkingsystemliesin（

）.

3.Thebestsolutionforimplementingthe24-liourworkingsystemseemstobe

（

）.

4.Itispossibletofindoutifapersonhasadaptedtothechangesofroutinebymeasuringhisbodytemperaturebecause

（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becausefewpeopleliketoreversethecycleofsleepandwakefulness.

B.Becausesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.

C.Becausepeoplearerequiredtoworkatnightinsomefieldsofindustry.

D.Becauseshiftworkinindustryrequirespeopletochangetheirsleeping.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theinconveniencesbroughtabouttotheworkersbytheintroductionofautomation

B.thedisturbanceofthedailylifecycleofworkerswhohavetochangeshiftstoofrequent

C.thefactthatpeopleworkingatnightareoftenlesseffective

D.thefactthatitisdifficulttofindanumberofgoodnightworkers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.tochangeshiftsatlongerintervals

B.tohavelongershift

C.toarrangeforsomepeopletoworkonnightshiftsonly

D.tocreatebetterlivingconditionsfornightworkers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.bodytemperaturechangeswhenthecycleofsleepandwakefulnessalternates

B.bodytemperaturechangeswhenhechangestonightshiftorback

C.thetemperaturereverseswhentheroutineischanged

D.peoplehavehighertemperatureswhentheyareworkingefficiently

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Bodytemperaturemayserveasanindicationofaworker'sperformance.

B.Theselectionofanumberofpermanentnightshiftworkersprovedtobethebestsolutiontoproblemsoftheround-the-clockworkingsystem.

C.Takingbodytemperatureatregularintervalscanshowhowapersonadaptstothechangesofroutine.

D.Disturbedsleepoccurslessfrequentlyamongthoseonpermanentnightordayshifts.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Thecase,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines(這已經(jīng)不是一個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)的問題。例如，在需要機(jī)器24小時(shí)連續(xù)工作的自動(dòng)化操作的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，需要人們從白天工作變?yōu)橥砩瞎ぷ鞯膯栴}變得越來越重要了)。故選C“因?yàn)橐恍┕I(yè)領(lǐng)域要求上夜班”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Itnormally,takesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight(通常一個(gè)人需要五天至一周的時(shí)間來適應(yīng)與常規(guī)生活顛倒的睡眠吋間和猜醒時(shí)間，即白天睡覺，晚上工作)以及Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek(不幸的是，在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，工作班次每星期都變換的事經(jīng)常發(fā)生)。故選B“頻繁更換工作吋間的工人的日常生活周期被打亂”。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段第一句指出:Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers(看來，唯一真正可以解決問題的方法就是將晚班交給一些長(zhǎng)期上夜班的工人)。故選C“安排一些人只上夜班”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出:Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight(白天正常工作的人，在其清醒的時(shí)間內(nèi)，體溫通常都比較高，但是在夜晚則比較低)。因此選D“人在工作效率高吋，休溫都比較高”。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段...itcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasabasisforselection(可以了解到個(gè)人是如何快速適應(yīng)正常時(shí)間的顛倒，同時(shí)也可成為篩選的基礎(chǔ))以及Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice(然而，到目前為止，這種形式的篩選似乎并沒有在實(shí)踐中得到應(yīng)用)可知選擇永久的夜間值班者僅僅是一種基礎(chǔ)的方法，但不是最佳的方法，故選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)最后一段Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight(了解一個(gè)人何時(shí)適應(yīng)的一種方法是測(cè)量他的體溫。白天正常工作的人在清醒的時(shí)候會(huì)有高溫，晚上會(huì)有低溫)可知選項(xiàng)A“體溫可以作為衡量工人工作的一個(gè)指標(biāo)”正確。根據(jù)最后一段Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine(因此，在清醒期間每隔兩小時(shí)測(cè)量一次體溫，可以看出一個(gè)人能多快地適應(yīng)一個(gè)顛倒的習(xí)慣)可知選項(xiàng)C“每隔一段吋間測(cè)量體溫，可以顯示個(gè)人是如何適應(yīng)常規(guī)變化”正確。根據(jù)第三段Shefoundahighincidenceofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork(她發(fā)現(xiàn)在日班和夜班交替的人中，睡眠障礙和其他障礙的發(fā)生率很高，但在長(zhǎng)期夜班的人中，這些現(xiàn)象沒有異常發(fā)生)可知選項(xiàng)D“長(zhǎng)期上夜班的或上長(zhǎng)白班的人很少出現(xiàn)睡眠被打亂的現(xiàn)象”正確。

6.單選題

Theserviceoperates36librariesthroughoutthecountry,whilesix（

）librariesspeciallyservethecountryside.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.drifting

B.mobile

C.shifting

D.rotating

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞分析。drifting意為“漂流的，飄動(dòng)的”；mobile意為“可移動(dòng)的，流動(dòng)的”；shifting意為“轉(zhuǎn)換的”；rotating意為“旋轉(zhuǎn)的”。

句意：該服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)在全國范圍內(nèi)經(jīng)營著36家圖書館，其中6家流動(dòng)圖書館專門為農(nóng)村服務(wù)。

7.單選題

Myboneshavebeenachingagain,astheyoftendoinhumidweather.Theyachelikehistory:thingslongdonewith,thatstillremainaspain.Whentheacheisbadenoughitkeepsmefromsleeping.EverynightIyearnforsleep,Istriveforit;yetitfluttersonaheadofmelikeacurtain.Therearesleepingpills,ofcourse,butthedoctorhaswarnedmeagainstthem.

Lastnight,afterwhatseemedhoursofdampturmoil,Igotupandcreptslipperlessdownthestairs,feelingmywayinthefaintstreetlightthatcamethroughthewindow.Oncesafelyarrivedatthebottom,Iwalkedintothekitchenandlookedaroundintherefrigerator.TherewasnothingmuchIwantedtoeat:theremainsofabunchofcelery,ablue-tingedheelofbread,alemongoingsoft.I'vefallenintothehabitsofthesolitary;mymealsaresnatchedandrandom.Furtivesnacks,furtivetreatsandpicnics.Imadedowithsomepeanutbutter,scoopeddirectlyfromthejarwithaforefinger:whydirtyaspoon?

Standingtherewiththejarinonehandandmyfingerinmymouth,Ihadthefeelingthatsomeonewasabouttowalkintotheroom~someotherwoman,theunseen,validowner~andaskmewhatinhellIwasdoinginherkitchen.I’vehaditbefore,thesensethateveninthecourseofmymostlegitimateanddailyactions—peelingabanana,brushingmyteeth―Iamtrespassing.

Atnightthehousewasmorethaneverlikeastranger's.Iwanderedthroughthefrontroom,thediningroom,theparlour,handonthewallforbalance.Myvariouspossessionswerefloatingintheirownpoolsofshadow,denyingmyownershipofthem.Ilookedthemoverwithaburglar’seye,decidingwhatmightbeworththeriskofstealing,whatontheotherhandIwouldleavebehind.Robberswouldtaketheobviousthings~thesilverteapotthatwasmygrandmother’s,perhapsthehand-paintedchina.Thetelevisionset.NothingIreallywant.

1.Theauthorcouldnotfallasleepbecause（

）.

2.TheauthordidnotlikethefoodintherefrigeratorbecauseitwasNOT（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itwastoodampinthebedroom

B.shehadrunoutofsleepingpills

C.shewasinverypoorhealth

D.shefeltveryhungry

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.fresh

B.sufficient

C.nutritious

D.delicious

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干詢問作者不能入睡的原因。由第一段中第三句“Whentheacheisbadenoughitkeepsmefromsleeping.EverynightIyearnforsleep,Istriveforit;yetitfluttersonaheadofmelikeacurtain.當(dāng)疼痛非常嚴(yán)重時(shí)，它讓我無法入睡。每晚我都渴望睡覺，我努力去睡著，但是睡覺如同一個(gè)窗簾樣在我的面前飄動(dòng)”確定C選項(xiàng)“她身體非常不好”正確。

2.推理判斷題。題干詢問作者不喜歡吃冰箱的食物的原因。由第二段第三句“TherewasnothingmuchIwantedtoeat:theremainsofabunchofcelery,ablue-tingedheelofbread,alemongoingsoft.這里沒有太多我想吃的東西：剩下的東西有一把芹菜、一塊染了藍(lán)色的面包尾部和一個(gè)正變軟的檸檬”確定A選項(xiàng)“新鮮”正確；B選項(xiàng)“充足的”、C選項(xiàng)“營養(yǎng)的”和D選項(xiàng)“可口的”不正確。

8.單選題

Onlyaselectednumberoflandladiesintheneighborhoodhavebeenallowedbytheuniversitytotakein（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lodgers

B.residents

C.settlers

D.inhabitants

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。lodger房客；residents居民；settler移民；inhabitant居民。句意：附近只有少數(shù)被挑選的女房東被該大學(xué)允許租房給學(xué)生。A項(xiàng)符合句意，答案A。

9.單選題

Gotoinspectallthepartstofindwhatwasat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wrong

B.trouble

C.fault

D.difficulty

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都表示錯(cuò)誤或問題的意思，但是題干中的介詞是at，只有選項(xiàng)C能與之搭配。選項(xiàng)A的搭配為“be+wrong”，選項(xiàng)B和D和介詞in搭配，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。句意：去檢查所有的部件，看看哪里出了問題。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

10.單選題

He（

）outragebycallingtheTVprogrammes“talkingwallpaper”.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.provoked

B.evoked

C.revoked

D.invoked

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。provoke“激起，挑釁”；evoke“引起，喚起，博得”；revoke“撤回，取消，廢除”；invoke“調(diào)用，換氣”。句意：他稱那個(gè)電視節(jié)目為“會(huì)說話的壁紙”激起了憤怒。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.翻譯題

各國文明的多樣性，是人類社會(huì)的基本特征，也是推動(dòng)世界文明進(jìn)步的重要?jiǎng)恿Α．?dāng)今世界擁有60億人口，200多個(gè)國家和地區(qū)，2500多個(gè)民族，5000多種語言。由于歷史傳統(tǒng)、宗教信仰、文化背景、社會(huì)制度、價(jià)值觀念和發(fā)展程度的不同，各個(gè)國家和地區(qū)才具有了各自鮮明的特征，整個(gè)人類文明也因此而交相輝映、多姿多彩、富有活力。這種文明的多樣性是在歷史長(zhǎng)河中形成的，并將長(zhǎng)期存在下去。我們應(yīng)該尊重和維護(hù)各國文明的多樣性，而不應(yīng)人為歧視或貶低他國文明；應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)各種文明在對(duì)話交流中相互借鑒、取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短，而不應(yīng)相互隔絕和相互排斥；應(yīng)該倡導(dǎo)各種文明在相互包容、求同存異中共同發(fā)展，而不應(yīng)強(qiáng)求一律、強(qiáng)加于人。

隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和新科技革命的發(fā)展，國家間的相互聯(lián)系和相互依存愈益加深，但這并不意味著可以忽視和削弱國家主權(quán)的地位與作用。必須實(shí)行國際關(guān)系民主化。不尊重別國主權(quán)，以大欺小，以強(qiáng)凌弱，推行霸權(quán)主義和強(qiáng)權(quán)政治，實(shí)踐證明是行不通的。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Thediversityoftheworld’scivilizationsisabasichallmarkofhumansocietyandanimportantdrivingforcethatpropelshumanprogress.Ourworldtodayhasover6billioninhabitantslivinginmorethan200countriesandregions.Theybreakdownintoover2,500ethnicgroupsandspeakmorethan5,000differentlanguages.Becauseofthedifferenceinhistoricaltradition,faithandculture,orsocialsystem,valuesandlevelofdevelopment,thosecountriesorregionsareoftendifferentfromoneanother.Itisthesedifferencesthatmakeourplanetdazzling,colorfulandbustlingwithlife.Suchdiversityisalegacyofhistoryandwillstaywithusintothefuture.Insteadofharboringbiasagainstordeliberatelybelittlingothercivilizations,weshouldgivefullrespecttothediversityofcivilizationsallovertheworld.Insteadofshuttingeachotheroutinmutualexclusion,weshouldencouragedialoguesandexchangesbetweencivilizationssothattheycanlearnfromeachotherinmutualemulation.Insteadofdemandinguniformityandimposingone’swillonothers,weshouldpromotecommondevelopmentofallcivilizationsinthecourseofmutualtoleranceandseekingagreementwhileshelvingdifferences.

Withtheglobalizationofeconomyandtheadvancementinnew,scientificandtechnologicalrevolution,theinterconnectionandinterdependencebetweencountriesaredevelopingindepth,butthisdoesn’tmeanallowingofignoringandweakeningthestatusandroleofanation’ssovereignty.Itisnecessarytohavegreaterdemocracyininternationalrelations.Practiceindicatesthatthedisregardforothercountries’sovereignty,thepracticeofthebigoppressingthesmallandthestrongbullyingtheweakandthepursuanceofhegemonismandpowerpoliticswon’twork.

12.單選題

We’llcontinuealongtheroad（）byourpresidentsmorethanseventyyearsago.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.givenout

B.madeout

C.wipedout

D.mappedout

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)giveout“發(fā)出，排放，公開，分發(fā)”；B選項(xiàng)makeout“艱難地看到，理解，填寫”；C選項(xiàng)wipeout“消滅”；D選項(xiàng)mapout“認(rèn)真安排或設(shè)計(jì)，繪制”。句意：我們將繼續(xù)沿著我們兩國總統(tǒng)七十多年前（）的道路前進(jìn)。“發(fā)出道路/理解道路/消滅道路”都不符合題意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

I’mactingas______whilethemanagerisawayonbusiness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.agency

B.policy

C.deputy

D.colleague

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)agency“（尤指）代理機(jī)構(gòu)，經(jīng)銷機(jī)構(gòu)；（政府的）專門機(jī)構(gòu)”；B選項(xiàng)policy“政策”；C選項(xiàng)deputy“副手；代理人”；D選項(xiàng)colleague“同事”。句意：經(jīng)理出差時(shí)，由我______。根據(jù)語境，這里指經(jīng)理不在的時(shí)候，我來完成他的工作，C選項(xiàng)deputy“副手；代理人”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Whilefashionisthoughtofusuallyinrelationtoclothing,itisimportanttorealizethatitcoversamuchwiderdomain.Itistobefoundinmanners,thearts,literature,andphilosophy,andmayevenreachintocertainareasofscience.Infact,itmayoperateinanyfieldofgrouplife,apartfromthetechnologicalandutilitarianareaandtheareaofthesacred.Itsoperationrequiresaclasssociety,forinitsessentialcharacteritdoesnotoccureitherinahomogeneoussocietylikeaprimitivegroup,orinacaste(社會(huì)等級(jí))society.

Fashionbehavesasamovement,andonthisbasisitisdifferentfromcustomwhich,bycomparison,isstatic.Thisisduetothefactthatfashionisbasedfundamentallyondifferentiationandemulation.Inaclasssociety,theupperclassesorso-calledsocialelitearenotabletodifferentiatethemselvesbyfixedsymbolsorbadges.Hencethemoreexternalfeaturesoftheirlifeandbehaviorarelikelytobeimitatedbyclassesimmediatelybelowthem,who,inturn,areimitatedbygroupsimmediatelybelowtheminthesocialstructure.Thisprocessgivestofashionaverticaldescent.However,theeliteclassfindsthatitisnolongerdistinguishable,byreasonoftheimitationmadebyothers,andhenceisledtoadoptnewdifferentiatingcriteria,onlytodisplacetheseastheyinturnareimitated.Itisprimarilythisfeaturethatmakesfashionintoamovementandwhichhasledonewritertoremarkthatafashion,oncelaunched,movestoitsdoom.

Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.Whileitoccursspontaneouslyandmovesalonginacharacteristiccycle,itinvolveslittleinthewayofcrowdbehavioranditisnotdependentuponthediscussionprocessandtheresultingpublicopinion.Itdoesnotdependuponthemechanismsofwhichwehavespoken.Theparticipantsarenotrecruitedthroughagitation.Nomoraleisbuiltupamongthem.Nordoesthefashionmovementhave,orrequired,anideology.Further,sinceitdoesnothavealeadershipimpartingconsciousdirectiontothemovement,itdoesnotbuildupasetoftactics.Peopletakepartinthefashionmovementvoluntarilyandinresponsetotheinterestingandpowerfulkindofcontrolwhichfashionimposesonthem.

1.Itisknownfromthefirstparagraphthat________.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingpeopleusuallyleadanewfashion?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,afashionmovement________.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatafashionmovement________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fashionoriginatesinaclasssociety

B.fashioncanbefoundonlyinafewfieldsofgrouplife

C.fashionoperatesineverysociety

D.peopleliketokeepupwithfashioninaprimitivesociety

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Philosophers.

B.Artists.

C.Thesocialelite.

D.Writers.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Fashion,asamovement,istrue.

B.Theupperclassesplayalittleroleinmakingfashionintoamovement.

C.Afashionwillnevervanishonceitislaunched.

D.Afashionisdestinedtodisappearonceitislaunched.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.haslittleincommonwithothermovements

B.willeventuallydevelopintoasocialorganization

C.hasapowerfulleadershipguidingit

D.hasasetofsymbolsandvalues

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.functionsinthesamewayasspecificsocialmovements

B.isaformofexpressivebehavior

C.canboostthemoraleofitsparticipants

D.contributesagreatdealtothewayofcrowdbehavior

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Itsoperationrequiresaclasssociety,forinitsessentialcharacteritdoesnotoccureitherinahomogeneoussocietylikeaprimitivegroup,orinacastesociety.（它的運(yùn)作需要一個(gè)階級(jí)社會(huì)，因?yàn)閺谋举|(zhì)上講，它既不發(fā)生在原始群體那樣的同質(zhì)社會(huì)，也不發(fā)生在種姓社會(huì)。），可知A選項(xiàng)“時(shí)尚起源于階級(jí)社會(huì)”正確，B選項(xiàng)“時(shí)尚只存在于群體生活的幾個(gè)領(lǐng)域”和C選項(xiàng)“時(shí)尚存在于每個(gè)社會(huì)”錯(cuò)誤，時(shí)尚也不會(huì)存在于原始社會(huì)，D選項(xiàng)“在原始社會(huì)，人們喜歡趕時(shí)髦”錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第四句Hencethemoreexternalfeaturesoftheirlifeandbehaviorarelikelytobeimitatedbyclassesimmediatelybelowthem,who,inturn,areimitatedbygroupsimmediatelybelowtheminthesocialstructure.（因此，他們生活和行為的更多外在特征很可能被直接低于他們的階級(jí)所模仿，反過來，這些階級(jí)又被社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)中直接低于他們的群體所模仿。），這里指的是社會(huì)精英，可知社會(huì)精英引領(lǐng)時(shí)尚，C選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)精英”正確。A選項(xiàng)“哲學(xué)家”，B選項(xiàng)“藝術(shù)家”和D選項(xiàng)“作家”正確。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Itisprimarilythisfeaturethatmakesfashionintoamovementandwhichhasledonewritertoremarkthatafashion,oncelaunched,movestoitsdoom.（正是這一特點(diǎn)使時(shí)尚成為一種運(yùn)動(dòng)，也正是這一特點(diǎn)使得一位作家評(píng)論道，一種時(shí)尚一旦推出，就注定要滅亡。），可知時(shí)尚會(huì)消亡，也就不是真實(shí)的，D選項(xiàng)“一種時(shí)尚一旦推出就注定要消失”正確，A選項(xiàng)“時(shí)尚是一種真實(shí)的運(yùn)動(dòng)”和C選項(xiàng)“一種時(shí)尚一旦推出就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)消失”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“上層階級(jí)在使時(shí)尚成為運(yùn)動(dòng)中發(fā)揮了一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)作用”：上層階級(jí)是推動(dòng)時(shí)尚的主要人群，不符合文章內(nèi)容，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.（作為一種運(yùn)動(dòng)，時(shí)尚與我們考慮過的其他運(yùn)動(dòng)幾乎沒有相似之處。），所以A選項(xiàng)“與其他運(yùn)動(dòng)沒有什么共同之處”正確。C選項(xiàng)“有一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)”：根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二句itdoesnothavealeadershipimpartingconsciousdirectiontothemovement（沒有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)為運(yùn)動(dòng)提供有意識(shí)的方向），可知不符合文章內(nèi)容。B選項(xiàng)“最終會(huì)發(fā)展成一個(gè)社會(huì)組織”和D選項(xiàng)“有一系列符號(hào)和價(jià)值”文章沒有提到。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句Peopletakepartinthefashionmovementvoluntarilyandinresponsetotheinterestingandpowerfulkindofcontrolwhichfashionimposesonthem.（人們自愿參加時(shí)尚運(yùn)動(dòng)，是對(duì)時(shí)尚強(qiáng)加給他們有趣而有力控制的一種響應(yīng)。），可知時(shí)尚運(yùn)動(dòng)是一種對(duì)時(shí)尚的回應(yīng)，他們通過時(shí)尚運(yùn)動(dòng)這種行為表達(dá)了對(duì)時(shí)尚的態(tài)度，B選項(xiàng)“是一種表達(dá)行為”正確。A選項(xiàng)“其功能與特定的社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)相同”：根據(jù)第三段第一句Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.（作為一種運(yùn)動(dòng)，時(shí)尚與我們考慮過的其他運(yùn)動(dòng)幾乎沒有相似之處。），可知時(shí)尚運(yùn)動(dòng)和其他社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)沒有相同之處。C選項(xiàng)“可以提高參與者的士氣”：根據(jù)第三段第五句Nomoraleisbuiltupamongthem.（他們沒有樹立起士氣。），可知時(shí)尚運(yùn)動(dòng)不能提高士氣。D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)人群行為的方式有很大的貢獻(xiàn)”文章沒有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Aresomepeoplebornclever,andothersbornstupid?Orisintelligencedevelopedbyourenvironmentandourexperience?Strangelyenough,theanswertothesequestionsisyes.Tosomeextentourintelligenceisgiventousatbirth,andnoamountofeducationcanmakeageniusoutofachildbornwithlowintelligence.Ontheotherhand,achildwholivesinaboringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrichandvariedsurroundings.Thusthelimitsofperson'sintelligencearefixedatbirth,whetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.Thisview,nowheldbymostexperts,canbesupportedinanumberofways.

Itiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomeextentsomethingwearebornwith.Thecloserthebloodrelationshipbetweentwopeople,theclosertheyarelikelytobeinintelligence.Thusifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandomfrompopulation,itislikelythattheirdegreeofintelligencewillbecompletelydifferent.If,ontheotherhand,wetaketwoidenticaltwins,theywillverylikelybeasintelligentaseachother.Relationslikebrothersandsisters,parentsandchildren,usuallyhavesimilarintelligence,andthisclearlysuggeststhatintelligencedependsonbirth.

Imaginenowthatwetaketwoidenticaltwinsandputthemindifferentenvironments.Wemightsendone,forexample,toauniversityandtheothertoafactorywheretheworkisboring.Weshouldsoonfinddifferenceinintelligencedeveloping,andthisindicatesthatenvironmentaswellasbirthplaysapart.Thisconclusionisalsosuggestedbythefactthatpeoplewholiveinclosecontactwitheachother,butwhoarenotrelatedatallarelikelytohavesimilardegreeofintelligence.

1.Thewriterisinfavoroftheviewthataman'sintelligenceisgiventohim（

）.

2.Ifachildisbornwithlowintelligence,hecan

（

）.

3.Inthesecondparagraph“ifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandomfrompopulation”meansifwe

（

）.

4.Theexampleofthetwinsgoingtoauniversityandtoafactoryseparatelyshows

（

）.

5.Thebesttitleofthispassagecouldbe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.atbirth

B.througheducation

C.bothatbirthandthrougheducation

D.neitheratbirthnorthrougheducation

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.becomeagenius

B.stillbecomeageniusifheisgivenspecialeducation

C.reachhisintellectuallimitsinrichsurroundings

D.notbecomeintelligentinhislife

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.pickanytwopeople

B.takeouttwodifferentpeople

C.choosetwopeoplewhoarerelatives

D.choosetwopeoplewithdifferentintelligence

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theimportanceoftheirintelligence

B.theroleofenvironmentonintelligence

C.theimportanceoftheirpositions

D.thepartthatbirthplays

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.surroundings

B.intelligence

C.thedependenceonenvironment

D.theeffectofeducation

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:Tosomeextentourintelligenceisgiventousatbirth…(在一定程度上，我們的智力水平是先天決定的…),Ontheotherhand,achildwholivesinaboringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrichandvariedsurroundings(另一方面，一個(gè)生活在單調(diào)乏味環(huán)境中的孩子比一個(gè)生活在豐富多彩的環(huán)境中的孩子有更少的智力發(fā)展),由此可知C項(xiàng)“先天條件和后天教育共同決定了一個(gè)人的智力水平”符合作者觀點(diǎn)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:成為天才,B:如果接受特殊教育，還是能夠成為天才的,由第一段中的“Tosomeextentourintelligenceisgiventousatbirth,andnoamountofeducationcanmakeageniusoutofachildbornwithlowintelligence(在一定程度上,我們的智力水平是先天決定的。沒有什么樣的教育能夠讓一個(gè)天生智力水平低下的孩子變成一個(gè)天才)”可知A和B錯(cuò)誤。C:可以在豐富多彩的環(huán)境中達(dá)到其智力的上限,D:在他的一生中都不能變聰明,由第一段中的“Thusthelimitsofperson'sintelligencearefixedatbirth,whetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment(因此，每個(gè)人的智力的上限是先天決定的，而后天的環(huán)境決定了一個(gè)人能否讓自己的智力達(dá)到上限)”可知C項(xiàng)正確,D錯(cuò)誤。

3.語義題。第二段中心句為:Itiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomeextentsomethingwearebornwith(很容易證明人的智力水平是天生的),隨后便通過實(shí)驗(yàn)證明這一中心句?！癷fwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandomfrompopulation”所在句為:Thusifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandomfrompopulation,itislikelythattheirdegreeofintelligencewillbecompletelydifferent(如果…，那么很有可能這兩個(gè)人的智力水平完全不同),由此可知A“任意挑選兩個(gè)人”與題干句語義最接近。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干"thetwinsgoingtoauniversityandtoafactoryseparately”定位至第三段。第三段主題句為:Thisconclusionisalsosuggestedbythefactthatpeoplewholiveinclosecontactwitheachother,butwhoarenotrelatedatallarelikelytohavesimilardegreeofintelligence(兩個(gè)沒有親屬關(guān)系但親密接觸的人很有可能擁有相同的智力水平，這一事實(shí)也暗示了前面的結(jié)論)。因此可知第三段是為了論證后天環(huán)境對(duì)個(gè)人智力發(fā)展的重要作用,故選B“環(huán)境在智力發(fā)展中所扮演的角色”。

5.主旨大意題。文章論證的是先天因素和后天環(huán)境在個(gè)人智力發(fā)展中所扮演的角色。故選B“智力”。

16.單選題

______anyoneshouldthinkitstrange,letmeassureyouthatitisquitetrue.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Inorderthat

B.Lest

C.If

D.Providing

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)Inorderthat“為了，目的在于”；B選項(xiàng)Lest“以免”；C選項(xiàng)If“如果，倘若”；D選項(xiàng)Providing“如果”。句意：我向你保證，這是千真萬確的，______有人覺得奇怪。根據(jù)語境，為了不讓人覺得奇怪，我向你保證這是真的，所以Lest“以免”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

I’vehadmycarexaminedthreetimesnowbutnomechanichasbeenableto（）theproblem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deduce

B.notify

C.highlight

D.pinpoint

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查了動(dòng)詞的辨析。deduce“演繹，推理”；notify“通知”；highlight“強(qiáng)調(diào)，突出”；pinpoint“確定，準(zhǔn)確指出”，根據(jù)mechanic“技術(shù)人員，修理工”與汽車的problem“問題”的關(guān)系，修理人員應(yīng)該是查明或者指出問題的，所以此處應(yīng)該使用動(dòng)詞pinpoint，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)D。

18.單選題

Mr.Bloomisnot____now,buthewillbefamoussomeday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.significant

B.dominant

C.magnificent

D.prominent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析與上下文語義。A選項(xiàng)significant“明顯的，意義重大的”；B選項(xiàng)dominant“占優(yōu)勢(shì)的；顯性的，生物專業(yè)名詞”；C選項(xiàng)magnificent“壯麗的，宏偉的，值得贊揚(yáng)的”；D選項(xiàng)prominent“著名的，重要的，杰出的”。句意：雖然布朗（Bloom）先生現(xiàn)在不____，但他總有一天會(huì)出名的。根據(jù)后一個(gè)分句推斷，前一個(gè)分句是說布朗先生現(xiàn)在不出名。D選項(xiàng)最符合句意。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

19.單選題

Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals:theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived.Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.

Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass（theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter）offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators（animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals）inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.

Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservative.Onereasonforthisisthatfishingt