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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東藝術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題
Whatjobhaveyouapplied____?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.with
B.to
C.at
D.for
【答案】D
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.with帶有B.to朝;向
C.at在D.for為了
【考查點(diǎn)】介詞搭配與短語(yǔ)辨析
【解題思路】原句語(yǔ)義為“你____什么工作”,空格前為applied,固定搭配applyfor“申請(qǐng)”符合語(yǔ)義搭配;applyforajob“申請(qǐng)工作”。因此,D選項(xiàng)for“為了”符合搭配要求。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)with“帶有”,不符合原文搭配;
B選項(xiàng)to“朝;向”,applyto表示“申請(qǐng)”時(shí),其后接的是學(xué)校、公司等,與原文“工作”不搭配;applyto還可以表示“適用;應(yīng)用”;
C選項(xiàng)at“在”,不符合原文搭配。
【句意】你申請(qǐng)了什么工作?
2.單選題
Itwilltakeustwentyminutestogettotherailwaystation,()trafficdelays.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.acknowledging
B.affording
C.allowingfor
D.accountingfor
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。acknowledge表示“承認(rèn),答謝”;afford表示“提供,供應(yīng)得起”;allowfor“考慮到;顧及”;accountfor“對(duì)……負(fù)有責(zé)任”。句意:考慮到交通擁堵,我們到火車站可能需要20分鐘。
3.單選題
Anetworkofminiaturetoxindetectorshasbeen(
)in30Americancitiesforthesakeofbio-security.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.deployed
B.committed
C.indulged
D.immersed
【答案】A
【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)deploy“部署,有效利用”;B選項(xiàng)commit“犯罪,保證”;C選項(xiàng)indulge“沉溺”;D選項(xiàng)immerse“沉浸,陷入”;根據(jù)主語(yǔ)‘Anetworkofminiaturetoxindetectors微型毒素探測(cè)器網(wǎng)絡(luò)’確定A選項(xiàng)正確。
4.單選題
()he’salreadyheardthenews.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Chancesare
B.Chanceis
C.Opportunitiesare
D.Opportunityis
【答案】A
【解析】句意:他很可能已經(jīng)聽到這個(gè)消息了。
5.單選題
Ifanopinioncontrarytoyourownmakesyouangry,thatisasignwhichyouaresubconsciouslyawareofhavingnogoodreasonforthinkingasyoudo.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.contraryto
B.which
C.aware
D.asyoudo
【答案】B
【解析】考查同位語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,sign后面的句子是一個(gè)從句,根據(jù)從句的內(nèi)容可知,這是對(duì)sign的補(bǔ)充說明,屬于同位語(yǔ)從句,而which并不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。句意:如果某一種與你相左的見解使你生氣,那么這就是一種跡象,說明你潛意識(shí)地感到,你沒法給自己的想法以充分的理由。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)。
6.單選題
Wesincerelyhopeyouwillsoonbe()tohealth.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.restored
B.recovered
C.returned
D.renewed
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定搭配。restore(to)“恢復(fù),恢復(fù)成(某個(gè)樣子),及物動(dòng)詞,多用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),強(qiáng)調(diào)用外力來恢復(fù)原狀”。句意:我們真誠(chéng)地希望你們不久就能恢復(fù)健康。根據(jù)句意,A為正確答案。
7.單選題
Islanguage,likefood,abasichumanneedwithoutwhichachildatacriticalperiodoflifecanbestarvedanddamaged?JudgingfromthedrasticexperimentofFrederickIIinthethirteenthcentury,itmaybe.Hopingtodiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakifheheardnomothertongue,hetoldthenursestokeepsilent.
Alltheinfantsdiedbeforethefirstyear.Butclearlytherewasmorethanlackoflanguagehere.Whatwasmissingwasgoodmothering.Withoutgoodmothering,inthefirstyearoflifeespecially,thecapacitytosurviveisseriouslyaffected.
TodaynosuchseverelackexistsasthatorderedbyFrederick.Nevertheless,somechildrenarestillbackwardinspeaking.Mostoftenthereasonforthisisthatthemotherisinsensitivetothesignalsoftheinfant,whosebrainisprogrammedtolearnlanguagerapidly.
Ifthesesensitiveperiodsareneglected,theidealtimeforacquiringskillspassesandtheymightneverbelearnedsoeasilyagain.Abirdlearnstosingandtoflyrapidlyattherighttime,buttheprocessisslowandhardoncethecriticalstagehaspassed.
Expertssuggestthatspeechstagesarereachedinafixedsequenceandataconstantage,buttherearecaseswherespeechhasstartedlateinachildwhoeventuallyturnsouttobeofhighIQ.Attwelveweeksababysmilesandmakesvowel-likesounds;attwelvemonthshecanspeaksimplewordsandunderstandsimplecommands;ateighteenmonthshehasavocabularyofthreetofiftywords.Atthreeheknowsabout1,000wordswhichhecanputintosentences,andatfourhislanguagediffersfromthatofhisparentsinstyleratherthangrammar.
Recentevidencesuggeststhataninfantisbomwiththecapacitytospeak.Whatisspecialaboutman'sbrain,comparedwiththatofthemonkey,ifthecomplexsystemwhichenablesachildtoconnectthesightandfeelof,say,atoy-bearwiththesoundpattern’’toy-bear”.Andevenmoreincredibleistheyoungbrain'sabilitytopickoutanorderinlanguagefromthemixtureofsoundaroundhim,toanalyze,tocombineandrecombinethepartsofalanguageinnewways.
Butspeechhastobeinduced,andthisdependsoninteractionbetweenthemotherandthechild,wherethemotherrecognizesthesignalsinthechild’sbabbling(呼呀學(xué)語(yǔ)),graspingandsmiling,andrespondstothem.Insensitivityofthemothertothesesignalsdullstheinteractionbecausethechildgetsdiscouragedandsendsoutonlytheobvioussignals.Sensitivitytothechild’snon-verbalsignalsisessentialtothegrowthanddevelopmentoflanguage.
1.ThepurposeofFrederickII’sexperimentwas(
).
2.Thereasonsomechildrenarebackwardinspeakingismostlikelythat(
).
3.Whatisparticularlyremarkableaboutachildisthat(
).
4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
5.Ifachildstartstospeaklaterthanothers,hewillinfuture(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.toprovethatchildrenarebomwiththeabilitytospeak
B.todiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakwithouthearinganyhumanspeech
C.tofindoutwhatrolecarefulnursingwouldplayinteachingachildtospeak
D.toprovethatachildcouldbedamagedwithoutlearningalanguage
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.theyareincapableoflearninglanguagerapidly
B.theyareexposedtotoomuchlanguageatonce
C.theirmothersrespondinadequatelytotheirattemptstospeak
D.theirmothersarenotintelligentenoughtohelpthem
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.heisbomwiththecapacitytospeak
B.hehasabrainmorecomplexthanananimal’s
C.hecanproducehisownsentences
D.heoweshisspeechabilitytogoodnursing
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Thefacultyofspeechisinborninman.
B.Thechild’sbrainishighlyselective.
C.Mostchildrenlearntheirlanguageindefinitestages.
D.Alltheabove.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.haveahighIQ
B.belessintelligent
C.beinsensitivetoverbalsignals
D.notnecessarilybebackward
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:C
第3題:C
第4題:D
第5題:D
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。該實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康某霈F(xiàn)在第一段最后一句:Hopingtodiscoverwhat1anguageachildwouldspeakifheheardnomothertongue,hetoldthenursestokeepsilent(他希望能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子在沒有聽到任何母語(yǔ)的時(shí)候會(huì)說什么,并囑咐護(hù)士們保持沉默)。因此B項(xiàng)(發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子在沒有聽到任何人類語(yǔ)言的情況下會(huì)說什么語(yǔ)言)正確。
2.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞backwardinspeaking定位至第三段,后一句給出了原因:Mostoftenthereasonforthisisthatthemotherisinsensitivetothesignalsoftheinfant,whosebrainisprogrammedtolearnlanguagerapidly(最常見的原因是,母親對(duì)嬰兒的信號(hào)不敏感)。故選C項(xiàng)(母親對(duì)他們?cè)噲D說話的信號(hào)不敏感)。
3.細(xì)節(jié)題。倒數(shù)第二段指出:Andevenmoreincredibleistheyoungbrain'sabilitytopickoutanorderinlanguagefromthemixtureofsoundaroundhim,toanalyze,tocombineandrecombinethepartsofalanguageinnewways(更加令人難以置信的是,嬰兒的大腦能夠從他聽到的周圍各種聲音中找到語(yǔ)言的順序,并且對(duì)其進(jìn)行分析,從而把這種語(yǔ)言以新的方式進(jìn)行組合和重新組合),此句的incredible與題干中的remarkable對(duì)應(yīng),因此C項(xiàng)(他們能生成新的句子)正確。
4.推斷題。第五段:Recentevidencesuggeststhataninfantisbomwiththecapacitytospeak(最近的證據(jù)表明嬰兒具有說話能力),因此A項(xiàng)正確。由第五段的第二,三句可得出B項(xiàng)(孩子的大腦是高度選擇性的)正確。第四段:Expertssuggestthatspeechstagesarereachedinafixedsequenceandataconstantage(專家認(rèn)為,語(yǔ)言階段是以固定的順序和固定的年齡達(dá)到的),因此C項(xiàng)(大多數(shù)兒童在特定階段學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言)正確。故選D。
5.細(xì)節(jié)題。第四段:buttherearecaseswherespeechhasstartedlateinachildwhoeventuallyturnsouttobeofhighIQ,說明一個(gè)孩子比別人開始說話晚也有可能在未來?yè)碛懈咧巧?故選D。
8.單選題
Scientificandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos,themostbasic______ofmatter,andthemiraclesoflife.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.bacteria
B.constituents
C.erosion
D.contexts
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)bacteria“細(xì)菌”;B選項(xiàng)constituents“成分”;C選項(xiàng)erosion“侵蝕,腐蝕”;D選項(xiàng)contexts“環(huán)境,上下文”。句意:科學(xué)和技術(shù)的進(jìn)步使我們能夠了解宇宙的邊陲、物質(zhì)最基本的……和生命的奇跡。根據(jù)matter(物質(zhì))可推測(cè)與其搭配的是constituents。結(jié)合句意,A選項(xiàng)及C選項(xiàng)都可排除。D選項(xiàng)contexts(環(huán)境)也不能與matter(物質(zhì))搭配,因此B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。
9.單選題
IthinkIwasatschool,(
)IwasstayingwithafriendduringthevacationwhenIheardthenews.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.orelse
B.andthen
C.orso
D.evenso
【答案】A
【解析】詞組辨析題。A選項(xiàng);B選項(xiàng)andthen“于是,然后”;C選項(xiàng)orso“大約”;D選項(xiàng)evenso“雖然如此,即使如此”。根據(jù)句意‘當(dāng)聽到這個(gè)消息時(shí),我應(yīng)該是在學(xué)校,……在和朋友度假?!瘧?yīng)該是表示選擇,所以A選項(xiàng)orelse“否則,要不然”符合邏輯,正確。
10.單選題
Thosewerethesoldiers(
)tosavethetown.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.whoseresponsibilitywas
B.inwhomtherewasaresponsibility
C.whosewastheresponsibility
D.fromwhomtheresponsibilitycame
【答案】A
【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意:這些士兵的()是保衛(wèi)城鎮(zhèn)。根據(jù)句意答案選A;關(guān)系代詞whose在定語(yǔ)從句中職能作狀語(yǔ),不能作主語(yǔ),所以C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;介詞+whom/which在定語(yǔ)從句中一般作狀語(yǔ),D選項(xiàng)不符語(yǔ)法,B選項(xiàng)不符題意。而且responsibility一般不與in搭配。
11.單選題
Thunderstorms,withtheirjaggedburstsoflightingandroaringthunder,areactuallyoneofnature'sprimarymechanismsfortransferringheatfromthesurfaceoftheearthintotheatmosphere.Athunderstormstartswhenlow-lyingpocketsofwarmairfromthesurfaceoftheearthbegintorise.Thepocketofwarmairfloatupwardsthroughtheairabovethatisbothcoolerandheavier.Therisingpocketscoolastheirpressuredecreases,andtheirheatisreleasedabovethecondensationlinethroughtheformationofcumulusclouds.
Whatwillhappenwiththesecloudsdependsonthetemperatureoftheatmosphere.Inwinter,theairtemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudesisnotextremelygreat,andthetemperatureoftherisingairmassdropsmoreslowly.Insummer,however,whenthereisahighaccumulationofheatneartheearth’ssurface,indirectcontrasttotheconsiderablycolderairhigherup,thetemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudesismuchmorepronounced.Aswarmairrisesinthistypeofenvironment,thetemperaturedropsmuchmorerapidlythanitdoesinwinter;whenthetemperaturedropsmorethanfourdegreesFahrenheitperthousandfeetofaltitude,cumuluscloudsaggregateintoasinglemassivecumulonimbuscloud,orthunderhead.
Inisolation,asinglethunderstormisanimpressivebutfairlybenignwayforMotherEarthtodefusetrappedheatfromhersurface;thunderstorms,however,canappearinconcert,andtheresultingshow,whileextremelyimpressive,canalsoproveextraordinarilydestructive.Whenthereisalarge-scalecollisionbetweencoldairandwarmairmassesduringthesummermonths,asquallline,orseriesofthunderheads,maydevelop.Itiscommonforasqualllinetobeginwhenanadvancingcoldfrontmeetsupwithandforcesitselfunderalayerofwarmandmoistair,creatingalineofthunderstormsthatracesforwardatspeedsofapproximatelyfortymilesperhour.Asquallline,whichcanbehundredsofmileslongandcancontainfiftydistinctthunderheads,isamagnificentforceofnaturewithincrediblepotentialfordestruction.Withinthesqualllineoftennearitssouthernend,canbefoundsupercells,long-livedrotatingstormsofexceptionalstrengththatserveasthesourceoftornadoes.
1.Thetopicofthepassageis().
2.Theword"mechanism"inparagraph1mostprobablymeans().
3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,insummer,().
4.Choosethedrawingbelowthatmostcloselyresemblesasquallline.
5.Allofthefollowingarementionedinthepassageaboutsupercellsexceptthatthey().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.thedevelopmentofthunderstormsandsqualllines
B.thedevastatingeffectsoftornadoes.
C.Cumulusandcumulonimbusclouds
D.thepoweroftornados
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.machines
B.motions
C.methods
D.materials
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.thereisnotagreattemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudes.
B.thegreatertemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudesmakesthunderstormsmorelikelytooccur.
C.thereisnotmuchcoldairwhichdropsmoreslowlythanitdoesinwinter.
D.thetemperatureofrisingairdropsmoreslowlythanitdoesinwinter.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.
B.
C.
D.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.areofshortduration.
B.havecirclingwinds.
C.haveextraordinarypower.
D.cangivebirthtotornadoes.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:C
第3題:B
第4題:C
第5題:A
【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干詢問文章主題。根據(jù)原文第一段“Thunderstorms,withtheirjaggedburstsoflightingandroaringthunder,areactuallyoneofnature'sprimarymechanismsfortransferringheatfromthesurfaceoftheearthintotheatmosphere.”可知,雷暴帶著鋸齒狀的閃電和轟鳴的雷聲,實(shí)際上是大自然把熱量從地球表面轉(zhuǎn)移到大氣中的主要方式之一。此處引出話題Thunderstorm。后文又圍繞Thunderstorm和squallline的形成進(jìn)行了論述,故A項(xiàng)“雷雨和颮線的形成”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“龍卷風(fēng)的毀滅性結(jié)果”和D項(xiàng)“龍卷風(fēng)的威力”在文中并未提及,可排除;C項(xiàng)“積云和積雨云”只是在文中有所提及,不能作為文章主題。因此,本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。
2.詞匯題。將mechanism定位到原文第一段,由“fortransferringheatfromthesurfaceoftheearthintotheatmosphere”可知,雷暴是為了將熱量從地表轉(zhuǎn)移到大氣中,因此這是一種大自然的原始方式,故C項(xiàng)methods含義最接近。A項(xiàng)machine表示“機(jī)器”;B項(xiàng)motion表示“動(dòng)作;移動(dòng);手勢(shì);議案”;D項(xiàng)material表示“材料”。
3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段“Whatwillhappenwiththesecloudsdependsonthetemperatureoftheatmosphere.”可知,積雨云的發(fā)生取決于大氣溫度。而根據(jù)“Insummer,...thetemperaturedifferentialbetweenhigherandloweraltitudesismuchmorepronounced.Aswarmairrisesinthistypeofenvironment,thetemperaturedropsmuchmorerapidlythanitdoesinwinter...”可知,較高與較低海拔之間的溫差更顯著。因此,A項(xiàng)“較高與較低海拔之間沒有很大溫差”表述錯(cuò)誤。B項(xiàng)“較高與較低海拔之間較大的溫差更可能發(fā)生雷雨”;C項(xiàng)“(夏天)沒有太多的冷空氣的溫度下降得比冬天更快”以及D項(xiàng)“(夏天)上升空氣的溫度比冬天下降得慢”均與原文不符。故本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。
4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文最后一段“Asquallline,whichcanbehundredsofmileslongandcancontainfiftydistinctthunderheads,...”可知一條颮線可能長(zhǎng)達(dá)數(shù)百英里,可容納50個(gè)不同的雷雨云砧。通俗的說就是由于雷暴云中強(qiáng)烈上升氣流到達(dá)對(duì)流層頂后,受到對(duì)流層頂(平流層下)強(qiáng)烈的水平氣流作用而不能繼續(xù)上升,從而向四周快速擴(kuò)散,形成云砧。由于對(duì)流層頂溫度很低,上升氣流中凝結(jié)的水汽以冰晶形式存在,冰晶隨風(fēng)擴(kuò)散,所以云砧看上去是白色的。由此可推測(cè)C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)圖像應(yīng)為“閃電”;B項(xiàng)圖像應(yīng)為“龍卷風(fēng)”;D項(xiàng)圖像應(yīng)為“晴間多云”。
5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文最后一段“Withinthesqualllineoftennearitssouthernend,canbefoundsupercells,long-livedrotatingstormsofexceptionalstrengththatserveasthesourceoftornadoes.”可知,在颮線的南端經(jīng)??梢园l(fā)現(xiàn)超級(jí)單體,這是一種長(zhǎng)期存在且又異常強(qiáng)大的旋轉(zhuǎn)風(fēng)暴,是龍卷風(fēng)的源頭。由此可知,A項(xiàng)“持續(xù)時(shí)間短暫”與原文不符。而B項(xiàng)“有旋轉(zhuǎn)風(fēng)”;C項(xiàng)“能量非凡”以及D項(xiàng)“可以引起龍卷風(fēng)”均與原文表述相符,故本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。
12.單選題
Theimportanceofprotectingrainforestsfromhumaninvasionisincreasinglyrealizedbydevelopinganddevelopedcountries().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.both
B.either
C.alike
D.apart
【答案】C
【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)both“兩者都”,B項(xiàng)either“也,而且,兩者之中的一個(gè)”;C項(xiàng)alike“相似地,同樣地”,D項(xiàng)apart“相距,分離者”??崭袂懊媸怯蒩nd連接的兩個(gè)并列成分,那么空格處需要填入一個(gè)副詞與之呼應(yīng);A項(xiàng)用于both…and…(兩個(gè)都),所以排除;B項(xiàng)用于兩者中的其中一個(gè),B項(xiàng)排除;句意:保護(hù)熱帶雨林的重要性日益為發(fā)展中國(guó)家和發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家所重視。根據(jù)句意可知D項(xiàng)不符句意,因此C項(xiàng)正確。
13.單選題
Thedamagetomycarwas()intheaccident,butIhavealingeringfeareventoday.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.insufficient
B.ambiguous
C.negligible
D.ignorance
【答案】C
【解析】句意:事故中,我的車損傷并不嚴(yán)重,但我至今仍然心有余悸。
考查形容詞辨析。insufficient不足的,不夠的;ambiguous含糊的,不確定的;negligible無足輕重的,微不足道的;ignorance無知,愚昧。But表轉(zhuǎn)折,后面句意為:我至今仍然心有余悸。因此可知C符合句意。
14.案例題
AnewstudyfromtheCenterforInformationandResearchonCivicLearningandEngagement(CIRCLE)atTuftsUniversityshowsthattoday'syouthvoteinlargernumbersthanpreviousgenerations,anda2008studyfromtheCenterforAmericanProgressaddsthatincreasingnumbersofyoungvotersandactivistssupporttraditionallyliberalcauses.Butthere'snoeasywaytoseewhatthosefiguresmeaninreallife.Duringthepresidentialcampaign,BarackObamaassembledaraciallyandideologicallydiversecoalitionwithhismessageofhopeandchange;astherealityoflifeunderanewadministrationsettlesin,someofthosesupportersmightbecomedisillusioned.AsthenationmovesfurtherintotheObamapresidency,willpoliticallyengagedyoungpeoplecontinuetosupportthepresidentandhisagenda,orwilltheygraduallydriftaway?
ThewritersofGenerationO(shortforObama),anewNewsweekblogthatseekstochroniclethelivesofagroupofyoungObamasupporters,wanttoanswerthatquestion.Forthenextthreemonths,MichelleKremerand11otherObamasupporters,ages19to34,willblogaboutlifeacrossmainstreamAmerica,withonetwist:bytyingalloftheirideasandexperiencestothenewpresidentandhisadministration,thebloggerswilltrytostartaconversationaboutwhatitmeanstobeyoungandpoliticallyactiveinAmericatoday.MalenaAmusa,a24-year-oldwriteranddancerfromSt.Louisseestheprojectasawaytopreservehistoryasithappens.Amusa,whoistravelingtoIndiathisspringtofinishabook,thentoSenegaltoteachEnglish,hasongoingconversationswithherfriendsabouthowtheObamapresidencyhaschangedtheirdailylivesandhopestoputsomeofthoseideas,alongwithherglobalperspective,intoherposts.She'sexcitedbecause,assheputsit,"Idon'thavetowait[until]15yearsfromnow"tomakesenseoftheworld.
HenryFlores,apolitical-scienceprofessoratSt.Mary'sUniversity,creditsthisyoungergeneration'spoliticalstrengthtotheirembraceoftechnology."[TheInternet]exposesthemtomorethinking,"hesays,"andgroupsthatarelike-mindedindifferentpartsofthecountrystarttocometogether."That'sexactlywhattheGenerationObloggersarehopingtodo.Theresultcouldbeagroupofyoungpeoplethat,liketheirboomer(二戰(zhàn)后生育高峰期出生的美國(guó)人)parents,growsupwithastrongsenseofpurposeandshedstheimageofapathy(冷漠)they'veinheritedfromGenerationX(60年代后期和70年代出生的美國(guó)人).It'snosmallchallengeforablogrunbyagroupofordinary—ifambitious—youngpeople,butthemembersofGenerationOareuptothetask.
1.WhatisthefindingofanewstudybyCIRCLE?
A.Moreyoungvotersaregoingtothepollsthanbefore.
B.Theyounggenerationsupportstraditionallyliberalcauses.
C.YoungvotersplayedadecisiveroleinObama'selection.
D.YoungpeopleinAmericaarenowmorediverseideologically.
2.WhatisamainconcernofthewritersofGenerationO?
A.HowObamaisgoingtoliveuptoyoungpeople'sexpectations.
B.WhetherAmericaisgoingtochangeduringObama'spresidency.
C.WhetheryoungpeoplewillcontinuetosupportObama'spolicy.
D.HowObama'sagendaisgoingtoaffectthelifeofAmericans.
3.WhatwilltheGenerationObloggerswriteaboutintheirposts?
A.TheirowninterpretationofAmericanpolitics.
B.PolicychangestotakeplaceinObama'sadministration.
C.Obama'spresidencyviewedfromaglobalperspective.
D.TheirlivesinrelationtoObama'spresidency.
4.Whataccountsfortheyoungergeneration'spoliticalstrengthaccordingtoProfessorHenryFlores?
A.Theirembraceofradicalideas.
B.TheirdesiretochangeAmerica.
C.TheirutilizationoftheInternet.
D.Theirstrongsenseofresponsibility.
5.WhatcanweinferfromthepassageaboutGenerationX?
A.Theyarepoliticallyconservative.
B.Theyrejectconventionalvalues.
C.Theydaretotakeupchallenges.
D.Theyareindifferenttopolitics.
【答案】1.A
2.C
3.D
4.C
5.D
【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第一句“showsthattoday'syouthvoteinlargernumbersthanpreviousgenerations”可知,選項(xiàng)A正確。
2.根據(jù)第二段的第一句“seekstochroniclethelivesofagroupofyoungObamasupporters”可知,選項(xiàng)C符合原文。
3.
根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容“willblogaboutlifeacrossmainstreamAmerica,withonetwist:bytyingalloftheirideasandexperiencestothenewpresidentandhisadministration.”選項(xiàng)D符合原文。
4.
根據(jù)最后一段ProfessorHenryFlores說的話“[TheInternet]exposesthemtomorethinking”可以看出正確答案為C。
5.
根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“GenerationX”定位到文章最后一段的后半部分“Theresultcouldbe...theimageofapathythey'veinheritedfromGenerationX.”所以選項(xiàng)D正確。
15.單選題
Theeconomiccrisismustpromptaprofoundreflectionamongthesummitparticipants,sincethose()voicehasleastforceinthepoliticalscenearepreciselythose()suffermostfromtheharmfuleffectsofacrisisforwhichtheydonotbearresponsibility.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.X...X
B.whose...who
C.which...who
D.which...X
【答案】B
【解析】語(yǔ)法題。根據(jù)題意,第一個(gè)空為定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞,those為先行詞,指“那些人”,定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該為“那些人的聲音”,缺定語(yǔ),所以選用關(guān)系代詞whose在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)。第二個(gè)空先行詞為those,所以先行詞為人,而且定語(yǔ)從句缺主語(yǔ),選用關(guān)系代詞“who”,選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
16.翻譯題
Inthecaseofartappreciation,psychologicalconditionsarerequired.Orientalartisdedicatednottotheeye,buttothemind.Itisforinternalenjoyment.Theidealwayoflookingatapaintingisnottogotoapublicgalleryorinthemidstofacrowd.Theidealwayistobealonewiththepainting,concentratingone’smindonit,communicatingwithituntiloneentersintotherhythmicvitalityoftheobject.Thegarden,also,isnevermeanttobemonumentalorornamental,butaplaceforspiritualcommunicationandpurification.Intheappreciationofart,naturemustbepenetrated,profoundlyunderstood,reflectedupon.Thisattitudeisalmostareligiousone,andisabsolutelynecessaryintheappreciationofOrientalsculpture.
【答案】就藝術(shù)欣賞而言,需要心理?xiàng)l件。東方藝術(shù)獻(xiàn)身于心靈而非眼睛。它注重于內(nèi)心的享受。看一幅畫的理想方式不是去公共畫廊或在人群中。理想的方法是與畫獨(dú)處,專心于畫,與畫交流,直到感覺到它生命的韻律?;▓@,也從來不是紀(jì)念性的或裝飾性的,而是一個(gè)精神交流和凈化的地方。在欣賞藝術(shù)的過程中,必須深入自然,深刻理解自然,反思自然。這種態(tài)度幾乎是一種宗教性的態(tài)度,在欣賞東方雕塑作品中是絕對(duì)必要的。
17.單選題
Despitealmostuniversal_______ofthevitalimportanceofwomen'sliteracy,educationremainsadreamforfarmanywomeninfartoomanycountriesoftheworld.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.confession
B.identification
C.acknowledgement
D.compliment
【答案】C
【解析】confession懺悔,供認(rèn);identification鑒定,識(shí)別;acknowledgement承認(rèn),認(rèn)知;compliment恭維,稱贊。句意:盡管幾乎普遍承認(rèn)婦女識(shí)字的至關(guān)重要性,但對(duì)世界上許多國(guó)家的許多婦女來說,教育仍然是一個(gè)夢(mèng)想。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。
18.單選題
OneoftheresponsibilitiesoftheCoastGuardistomakesurethatallships(
)follow
trafficrulesinbusyharbors.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.dutifully
B.cautiously
C.faithfully
D.skillfully
【答案】A
【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。dutifully“盡職盡責(zé)地,忠實(shí)地”;cautiously“慎重地,謹(jǐn)慎地”;faithfully“忠實(shí)地,忠誠(chéng)地”;skillfully“巧妙地,精巧地”。句意:海岸警衛(wèi)隊(duì)的職責(zé)之一便是確保繁忙港口的所有船只都遵守交通規(guī)則。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
19.單選題
Hewashere()thestroke.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.in
B.on
C.with
D.to
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。onthestroke“準(zhǔn)時(shí)地”。句意:他準(zhǔn)時(shí)到了這里。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
20.單選題
Youmayput()onthewheeltomakeitturnmoreeasily.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.fat
B.grease
C.oil
D.cream
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。fat“脂肪”;grease“油脂,潤(rùn)滑油”;oil“石油,油畫材料”;cream“奶油,乳脂”。根據(jù)句意可知,涂在輪子上的應(yīng)該是潤(rùn)滑油,所以選項(xiàng)B正確。
21.單選題
Johnsaidthathedidn’tquite______andaskedmetorepeatwhatIhadsaid.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.snatchup
B.summonup
C.catchon
D.watchout
【答案】C
【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)snatchup“奪取,猛然抓住”;B選項(xiàng)summonup“鼓起(勇氣),使出(力氣),喚起”;C選項(xiàng)catchon“理解,明白,變得流行”;D選項(xiàng)watchout“當(dāng)心,注意”。根據(jù)askedmetorepeatwhatIhadsaid可推測(cè)前面指他沒聽明白我說的話,因此選C。句意:John說他沒有太明白,要我重復(fù)我下我所說的話。
22.單選題
Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inoneexperiment,forexample,behavioralimmunologistMarkLaudenslager,attheUniversityofDenver,gavemildelectricshocksto24rats.Halftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosure,whiletheotherhalfcouldnot.Theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtimeoneratturnedthewheelitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfromtheshock.Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontroloveranevent,nottheexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.
Otherresearchersagree.JayWeiss,apsychologistatDukeUniversitySchoolofMedicine,hasshownthatanimalswhoareallowedtocontrolunpleasantstimulidon’tdevelopsleepdisturbancesorchangesinbrainchemistrytypicalofstressedrats.Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolover,theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.Suchfindingsreinforcepsychologists’suspicionsthattheexperienceorperceptionofhelplessnessisoneofthemostharmfulfactorsindepression.
Oneofthemoststartlingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponsewasdiscoveredbychance.In1975psychologistRobertAderattheUniversityofRochesterSchoolofMedicineconditionedmicetoavoidsaccharinbysimultaneouslyfeedingthemthesweetenerandinjectingthemwithadrugthatwhilesuppressingtheirimmunesystemscausedstomachupsets.Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains,themicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener.Inordertoextinguishthisdislikeforthesweetener,Aderreexposedtheanimalstosaccharin,thistimewithoutthedrug,andwasastonishedtofindthatthosemicethathadreceivedthehighestamountsofsweetenerduringtheirearlierconditioningdied.Hecouldonlyspeculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalonenowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtokillthem.
1.Laudenslager’sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhocouldturnofftheelectricity____.
2.Accordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratsto____.
3.ThereasonwhythemiceinAder’sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthat____.
4.ThepassagetellsusthatthemostprobablereasonforthedeathofthemiceinAder’sexperimentwasthat____.
5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheimmunesystemsofanimals____.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.wasstrengthened
B.wasnotaffected
C.wasaltered
D.wasweakened
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.trytocontrolunpleasantstimuli
B.turnofftheelectricity
C.behavepassivelyincontrollablesituations
D.becomeabnormallysuspicious
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.theydislikeditstaste
B.itaffectedtheirimmunesystems
C.itledtostomachpains
D.theyassociateditwithstomachaches
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.theyhadbeenweakenedpsychologicallybythesaccharin
B.thesweetenerwaspoisonoustothem
C.theirimmunesystemshadbeenalteredbythemind
D.theyhadtakentoomuchsweetenerduringearlierconditioning
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.canbeweakenedbyconditioning
B.canbesuppressedbydruginjections
C.canbeaffectedbyfrequentdosesofsaccharin
D.canbealteredbyelectricshocks
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:C
第3題:D
第4題:C
第5題:A
【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Laudenslager’sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhocouldturnofftheelectricity____.勞登斯拉格的實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,那些能切斷電源的老鼠的免疫系統(tǒng)____。
A.wasstrengthenedA.得到了加強(qiáng)
B.wasnotaffectedB.沒有受到影響
C.wasalteredC.發(fā)生了改變
D.wasweakenedD.被削弱了
【答案】B
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第一段倒數(shù)第二句“勞登斯拉格發(fā)現(xiàn),無助的老鼠的免疫反應(yīng)低于正常水平,而那些可以切斷電源的老鼠則沒有?!币虼诉xB。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A、C、D選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾;
2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Accordingtothepassage,theexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratsto____.根據(jù)文章,無助的經(jīng)歷導(dǎo)致老鼠____。
A.trytocontrolunpleasantstimuliA.試圖控制不愉快的刺激
B.turnofftheelectricityB.關(guān)掉電源
C.behavepassivelyincontrollablesituationsC.在可控的情況下被動(dòng)地行動(dòng)
D.becomeabnormallysuspiciousD.變得異常多疑
【答案】C
【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第二段“如果這些動(dòng)物面對(duì)它們無法控制的情況,它們?cè)诿鎸?duì)它們可以控制的經(jīng)歷時(shí),會(huì)表現(xiàn)得被動(dòng)。(theylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol)”因此選C。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“試圖控制不愉快的刺激”,文中提到“杜克大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的心理學(xué)家杰伊?韋斯已經(jīng)證明,能夠控制不愉快刺激的動(dòng)物不會(huì)出現(xiàn)睡眠障礙,也不會(huì)出現(xiàn)典型的應(yīng)激大鼠大腦化學(xué)變化。但是,如果動(dòng)物面對(duì)他們無法控制的情況,它們以后在面對(duì)它們可以控制的經(jīng)歷時(shí)會(huì)表現(xiàn)被動(dòng)?!庇纱丝芍坏﹦?dòng)物遇到過它們控制不了的事情和局面,以后即使面對(duì)它們能夠控制的事情,它們依然會(huì)很被動(dòng)。該選項(xiàng)與原文意思相反,屬于反向干擾;
B選項(xiàng)“關(guān)掉電源”,文中第一段提到“無助的老鼠的免疫反應(yīng)低于正常水平,而那些可以切斷電源的老鼠則沒有。他認(rèn)為,他所證明的是,缺乏對(duì)事件的控制是削弱免疫系統(tǒng)的原因,而不是經(jīng)歷本身?!庇纱丝芍P(guān)掉電源這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明的是無助的老鼠的免疫反應(yīng)低于正常水平,并沒有說無助的經(jīng)歷會(huì)讓老鼠關(guān)掉電源,該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷;
D選項(xiàng)“變得異常多疑”,文中沒提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。
3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
ThereasonwhythemiceinAder’sexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthat____.在阿德的實(shí)驗(yàn)中,老鼠不吃糖精的原因是____。
A.theydislikeditstasteA.它們不喜歡糖精的味道
B.itaffectedtheirimmunesystemsB.它會(huì)影響它們的免疫系統(tǒng)
C.itledtostomachpainsC.它會(huì)導(dǎo)致胃痛
D.theyassociateditwithstomachachesD.它們把糖精與胃痛聯(lián)系在一起
【答案】D
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到最后一段“通過同時(shí)給老鼠喂食甜味劑,并給它們注射一種藥物,這種藥物會(huì)抑制老鼠的免疫系統(tǒng),導(dǎo)致它們胃部不適。老鼠將糖精與胃痛聯(lián)系起來(Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpains),很快就學(xué)會(huì)了避開這種甜味劑?!庇纱丝赏茢?,因?yàn)榘⒌略谖估鲜筇蔷珪r(shí),給它們注射了導(dǎo)致腸胃不適的藥物,因此老鼠把二者聯(lián)系起來,回避糖精。因此選D。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“它們不喜歡糖精的味道”,由推斷可知老鼠把糖精和腸胃不適聯(lián)系在一起,因此對(duì)糖精感到厭惡,該選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置;
B選項(xiàng)“它會(huì)影響它們的免疫系統(tǒng)”,文中提到“通過同時(shí)給老鼠喂食甜味劑,并給它們注射一種藥物,這種藥物會(huì)抑制老鼠的免疫系統(tǒng),導(dǎo)致它們胃部不適?!庇纱丝芍?,是這種藥物會(huì)影響老鼠的免疫系統(tǒng)而不是糖精,該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴;
C選項(xiàng)“它會(huì)導(dǎo)致胃痛”,文中提到“通過同時(shí)給老鼠喂食甜味劑,并給它們注射一種藥物,這種藥物會(huì)抑制老鼠的免疫系統(tǒng),導(dǎo)致它們胃部不適?!庇纱丝芍沁@種藥物導(dǎo)
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