考研考博-英語(yǔ)-無(wú)錫工藝職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-無(wú)錫工藝職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thereisageneral______thatpouringoldwineintothesamebottlesisthewrongwaytogo.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.consensus

B.census

C.censorship

D.conscience

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)consensus“一致；輿論；合意”；B選項(xiàng)census“人口普查，人口調(diào)查；（官方的）統(tǒng)計(jì)，調(diào)查”；C選項(xiàng)censorship“審查制度；審查機(jī)構(gòu)”；D選項(xiàng)conscience“道德心，良心”。句意：人們普遍認(rèn)為，把陳年的酒倒進(jìn)同一個(gè)瓶子里是錯(cuò)誤的做法。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

She（）toeveryonethatalthoughherfatherwasinjailshewasanupstandingcitizen.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.venerated

B.veered

C.denounced

D.avowed

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)venerate“崇敬，尊敬”；B選項(xiàng)veer“使轉(zhuǎn)向；使順風(fēng)”；C選項(xiàng)denounce“譴責(zé)；告發(fā)”；D選項(xiàng)avow“承認(rèn)；公開(kāi)宣稱(chēng)；坦率承認(rèn)”。句意：她向所有人公開(kāi)宣稱(chēng)，盡管她的父親坐牢，但是她卻是一位正直的市民。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.單選題

Theyhadtheattemptto___Andersontothepresidency.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.evolve

B.elevate

C.evoke

D.evince

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)evolve“發(fā)展；進(jìn)化；使逐步形成；推斷出”；B選項(xiàng)elevate“提升；舉起；振奮情緒等；提升……的職位”；C選項(xiàng)evoke“引起，喚起；博得”；D選項(xiàng)evince“表明，表示”。句意：他們?cè)噲D___安德森當(dāng)上總統(tǒng)。本句表示“試圖提升安德森當(dāng)總統(tǒng)”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Icanappreciatethe（

）thatpromptsyoutomakethisoffer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.magnet

B.intellect

C.motion

D.motive

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。magnet意為“磁鐵，磁石”；intellect意為“智力，理解力”；motion意為“運(yùn)動(dòng)”；motive意為“動(dòng)機(jī)，原因”。

句意：我能理解促使你做出這個(gè)提議的動(dòng)機(jī)。

5.單選題

Identitytheftcanrangeforthesimpletheftofacreditcard,oritcangointomorecomplexschemeswherethethievescan_______hundredsofpeopleatatime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.embody

B.impersonate

C.personify

D.assume

【答案】B

【解析】embody使具體化;impersonate模仿,扮演;personify賦予...以人性,使人格化;assume假定,設(shè)想。句意：身份盜竊可以簡(jiǎn)単地歸類(lèi)于信用卡盜竊，也可以是更復(fù)雜的方案，比如竊賊可以一次冒充數(shù)百人。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

6.單選題

8.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Shewillgetsomeadvicefromthedesk.

B.Shewillundergosomelabtests.

C.Shewillarrangeanappointment.

D.Shewillgetthetextresults.

【答案】C

【解析】M:Takethesliptothefrontdeskandthenarrangeanappointmentforthetests.

W:Thankyou,doctor!Haveaniceday!

Q:Whatwillthewomando?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。男士對(duì)女士說(shuō)：Takethesliptothefrontdeskandthenarrangeanappointmentforthetests（把小條拿到前臺(tái)去做檢查預(yù)約）。

7.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoEnglish.Writeyourtranslationontheanswersheet.(10%)

愛(ài)燈不僅是為了驅(qū)除黑暗，不只是由于光的照明作用，還在于觀看燈下的繽紛人生。

七十年代初，我流放的小山村尚未建立發(fā)電站，入夜只能生活在黑暗里。荒山寒夜，為節(jié)省燈油的山民們很早入眠，唯獨(dú)我們這一戶(hù)外來(lái)的人家還亮著小油燈。

山居生活寂寞單調(diào)，冬夜僵冷的黑暗也更是難堪。從小鎮(zhèn)買(mǎi)來(lái)帶有玻璃罩的油燈光芒是微弱的。為了獲得更多的光亮，我試用廢棄的瓶瓶罐罐制作了許多形態(tài)不一的小油燈。

每盞小油燈都綻開(kāi)一朵火花，奉獻(xiàn)小小的光亮。微弱的光也能劃破黑暗，對(duì)沉沉的黑夜是一種無(wú)言的反抗。即使熄滅了，它也燃燒過(guò)。何況還能再一次點(diǎn)燃，繼續(xù)以它怯弱而又勇敢的火光向黑夜挑戰(zhàn)。我滿(mǎn)心喜悅地觀賞著我自己手下誕生的一點(diǎn)光明。在長(zhǎng)夜漫漫的動(dòng)亂歲月里，它燃起了我精神上的火焰。

【答案】【參考譯文】

Lifeinthemountainvillagewasboringandalwaysmadeonefeellonely,andthecoldwinternightwasevenharder.Theglass-tubeoillampboughtinthetowngaveoutonlyveryfeeblelight.Inordertogetmorelight,Itriedandmademanylittleoillampsofvariousshapeswithallkindsofusedbottlesandpots.

Everylittleoillampgaveoutalittlefire,givingoutalittlelight.Thefeeblelightcouldaswellshinethroughthedarkness,asilentprotestagainstthedarknight.Eventhoughtheywouldfinallyburnout,theyatleasthadlitandcouldbelitagainanddefythedarknightwiththeirfeeblebutbravefirelight.Iwasfilledwithhappinesswatchingthetinylightofmyowncreation.Itwastheselightsthatlitupthefireofmyspiritduringthoselonganddarkdaysofpoliticalturmoil.

8.單選題

Migrationisusuallydefinedas"permanentorsemi-permanentchangeofresidence."Thisbroaddefinition,ofcourse,wouldincludeamoveacrossthestreetoracrossacity.Ourconcerniswithmovementbetweennations,notwithinternalmigrationwithinnations,althoughsuchmovementsoftenexceedinternationalmovementsinvolume.Today,themotivesofpeoplewhomoveshortdistancesareverysimilartothoseofinternationalmigrants.

Studentsofhumanmigrationspeakof"push"and"pull"factors,whichinfluenceanindividual'sdecisiontomovefromoneplacetoanother.Pushfactorsareassociatedwiththeplaceoforigin.Apushfactorcanbeassimpleandmildamatterasdifficultyinfindingasuitablejob,orastraumaticaswar,orseverefamine.Obviously,refugeeswholeavetheirhomeswithgunspointedattheirheadsaremotivatedalmostentirelybypushfactors(althoughpullfactorsdoinfluencetheirchoiceofdestination).

Pullfactorsarethoseassociatedwiththeplaceofdestination.Mostoftentheseareeconomic,suchasbetterjobopportunitiesortheavailabilityofgoodlandtofarm.ThelatterwasanimportantfactorinattractingsettlerstotheUnitedStatesduringthe19thcentury.Ingeneral,pullfactorsadduptoanapparentlybetterchanceforagoodlifeandmaterialwell-beingthanisofferedbytheplaceoforigin.Whenthereisachoicebetweenseveralattractivepotentialdestinations,thedecidingfactormightbeanon-economicconsiderationsuchasthepresenceofrelatives,friends,oratleastfellowcountrymenalreadyestablishedinthenewplacewhoarewillingtohelpthenewcomerssettlein.Considerationsofthissortaddtothedevelopmentofmigrationflow.

Besidespushandpullactors,therearewhatthesociologistscall"intervening,obstacles".Evenifpushand(or)pullfactorsareverystrong,theystillmaybeoutweighedbyinterveningobstacles,suchasthedistanceofthemove,thetroubleandcostofmoving,thedifficultyofenteringthenewcountry,andtheproblemslikelytobeencounteredonarrival.Thedecisiontomoveisalsoinfluencedby"personalfactors"ofthepotentialmigrant.Thesamepush-pullfactorsandobstaclesoperatedifferentlyondifferentpeople,sometimesbecausetheyareatdifferentstagesoftheirlives,orjustbecauseoftheirvaryingabilitiesandpersonalities.Theprospectofpackingupeverythingandmovingtoanewandperhapsverystrangeenvironmentmayappearinterestingandchallengingtoanunmarriedyoungmanandappallinglydifficulttoaslightlyoldermanwithawifeandsmallkids.Similarly,theneedtolearnanewlanguageandcustomsmayexciteonepersonandfrightenanother.

Regardlessofwhypeoplemove,migrationoflargenumbersofpeoplecausesconflict.TheUnitedStatesandotherwesterncountrieshaveexperiencedadjustmentproblemswitheachnewwaveofimmigrants.Thenewestarrivalsareusuallygiventhelowest-paidjobsandareresentedbynativepeoplewhomayhavetocompetewiththemforthosejobs.Ithasusuallytakenseveraldecadesforeachgrouptobeacceptedintothemainstreamofsocietyinthehostcountry.

1.Theauthorthinksthatpullfactors（）.

2.47.People'sdecisionstomigratemightbeinfluencedbyallthefollowingEXCEPT

（）

.

3.48.Theword"destination"inthefirstlineofthethirdparagraphmeans

（）

.

4.49.Tomovetoanewplacemayappearinterestingandchallengingto

（）

.

5.50.Thepurposeofthepassageistodiscuss

（）

.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.areallrelatedtoeconomicconsiderations

B.arenotasdecisiveaspushfactors

C.includearangeofconsiderations

D.aremoreimportantthanpushfactors

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.personalities

B.education

C.maritalstatus

D.abilities

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theendofajourney

B.theendofariver

C.theendofacountryroad

D.theendofastreet

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.marriedyoungcouples

B.unmarriedyoungmen

C.oldermenwiththeirfamilies

D.allkindsofpeople

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theproblemsofinternationalmigrants

B.themotivesofinternationalmigrants

C.migrationinsidethecountry

D.migrationbetweencountries

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞pullfactors定位到文章第三段“Mostoftentheseareeconomic,suchasbetterjobopportunitiesortheavailabilityofgoodlandtofarm”，譯為：這些因素大多與經(jīng)濟(jì)相關(guān)，例如更好的工作機(jī)會(huì)或者更加適合耕種的土地。以及“whenthereisachoicebetweenseveralattractivepotentialdestinations,thedecidingfactormightbeanon-economicconsiderationsuchasthepresenceofrelatives,friends,oratleastfellowcountrymenalreadyestablishedinthenewplacewhoarewillingtohelpthenewcomerssettlein”，譯為：當(dāng)具有很多可供選擇的潛在目的地并且它們都非常具有吸引力時(shí)，最終決定性因素通常都是非經(jīng)濟(jì)性的，如是否有親戚朋友或者新的目的地是否有熱心的同胞。結(jié)合以上內(nèi)容推斷出最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題找的是不正確答案根據(jù)題干定位到第四段中“Thesamepush-pullfactorsandobstaclesoperatedifferentlyondifferentpeople,sometimesbecausetheyareatdifferentstagesoftheirlives,orjustbecauseoftheirvaryingabilitiesandpersonalities.”，譯為：.同樣的推力引力因素和障礙因素對(duì)不同的人會(huì)產(chǎn)生不同的影響，有時(shí)候可能僅僅是因?yàn)槿藗兯幍娜松A段或者能力和性格各有不同?！笨芍x項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)D正確，則排除。以及第四段中“Theprospectofpackingupeverythingandmovingtoanewandperhapsverystrangeenvironmentmayappearinterestingandchallengingtoanunmarriedyoungmanandappallinglydifficulttoaslightlyoldermanwithawifeandsmallkids.”，譯為：收拾行囊前往一個(gè)全新的環(huán)境，這對(duì)于一個(gè)未婚人士來(lái)說(shuō)可能非常有趣并且具有挑戰(zhàn)意味，而這對(duì)于一個(gè)稍微年長(zhǎng)一點(diǎn)的擁有家庭的人來(lái)說(shuō)卻是比登天還難?？芍x項(xiàng)C正確，則排除。因此選擇答案B。

3.詞匯題。題干關(guān)鍵詞destination意為目的地；終點(diǎn)。因此選擇答案A。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到第四段中“Theprospectofpackingupeverythingandmovingtoanewandperhapsverystrangeenvironmentmayappearinterestingandchallengingtoanunmarriedyoungmanandappallinglydifficulttoaslightlyoldermanwithawifeandsmallkids.”，譯為：收拾行囊前往一個(gè)全新的環(huán)境，這對(duì)于一個(gè)未婚人士來(lái)說(shuō)可能非常有趣并且具有挑戰(zhàn)意味，而這對(duì)于一個(gè)稍微年長(zhǎng)一點(diǎn)的擁有家庭的人來(lái)說(shuō)卻是比登天還難?？芍狟選項(xiàng)為最佳答案。

5.主旨大意題。由題干得知需分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)，定位到第一段“ourconcerniswithmovementbetweennations,notwithinternalmigrationwithinnations,althoughsuchmovementsoftenexceedinternationalmovementsinvolume.”中文翻譯為：我們關(guān)心的是國(guó)家之間的移民，而不是國(guó)內(nèi)的遷移，雖然說(shuō)國(guó)內(nèi)范圍內(nèi)的遷移在人數(shù)上大于國(guó)家之間的移民數(shù)量。并在首段句尾明確提出了motives“（移民的）動(dòng)機(jī)”這一中心。隨后文章在第2-3段中分別闡述了影響移民的三個(gè)方而的因素；而文章最后一段介紹了大規(guī)模移民產(chǎn)生的影響，由此可知文章的中心在于介紹國(guó)家間移民的影響因素，故答案選項(xiàng)為B。

9.單選題

TherearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.Theonemostwidelyacceptedtodayisbasedontheassumptionthatdramaevolvedfromritual.Theargumentforthisviewgoesasfollows.Inthebeginning,humanbeingsviewedthenaturalforcesoftheworld,eventheseasonalchanges,asunpredictable,andtheysought,throughvariousmeans,tocontroltheseunknownandfearfulpowers.Thosemeasureswhichappearedtobringthedesiredresultswerethenretainedandrepeateduntiltheyhardenedintofixedrituals.Eventuallystoriesarosewhichexplainedorveiledthemysteriesoftherites.Astimepassed,someritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.

Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.Furthermore,asuitablesitehadtobeprovidedforperformances,andwhentheentirecommunitydidnotparticipate,acleardivisionwasusuallymadebetweenthe"actingarea"andthe"auditorium".Inaddition,therewereperformers,and,sinceconsiderableimportancewasattachedtoavoidingmistakesintheenactmentofrites,religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask.Wearingmasksandcostumes,theyoftenimpersonatedotherpeople,animals,orsupernaturalbeingsandmimedthedesiredeffect——successinhuntorballet,thecoiningrain,therevivalofthesun—asanactormight.Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentationswereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.

Anothertheorytracesthetheater'soriginfromthehumaninterestinstorytelling.Accordingtothisview,tales(aboutthehunt,war,ofother-feats)aregraduallyelaborated,atfirstthroughtheuseofimpersonation,action,anddialoguebyanarratorandthenthroughtheassumptionofeachoftherolesbyadifferentperson.Acloselyrelatedtheorytracestheatertothosedancesthatareprimarilyrhythmicalandgymnasticorthataretheimitationofanimalmovementsandsounds.

1.Anappropriatetitleofthepassagewouldbe（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacommonelementoftheaterandritual?

3.Whichofthefollowingideasdoesthepassagesupport?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemaindifferencebetweenritualanddrama?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A."TheOriginsofTheater"

B.“TheRoleofRitualinModernDance"

C."TheImportanceofStorytelling"

D."TheWietyofEarlyReligiousActivities"

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Dance.

B.Magic.

C.Music.

D.Costumes.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Nooneissureabouttheoriginoftheater.

B.Mythsweretheultimateoriginofdrama.

C.Storytellingisanimportantpartofdrama.

D.Allreligionscamefromritualactivities.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Ritualusesmusicwhereasdramadoesnot.

B.Ritualisshorterthandrama

C.Ritualrequiresfewerperformersthandramadoes.

D.Ritualhasareligiouspurposeanddramadoesnot.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章前兩段介紹了廣泛為人接受的理論-——戲劇起源于宗教儀式。最后一段還介紹了另外兩種有關(guān)戲劇起源的理論——認(rèn)為戲劇源自人們對(duì)敘述故事的興趣，和認(rèn)為可以將戲劇的起源追溯至舞蹈。故A項(xiàng)“戲劇的起源”比較適合作文章標(biāo)題。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused(認(rèn)為戲劇從儀式演化而來(lái)的人們還認(rèn)為那些儀式包含了戲劇的基本因素，因?yàn)橐魳?lè)、舞蹈、面具和服裝幾乎經(jīng)常被使用),因此B項(xiàng)“魔術(shù)”不是戲劇和儀式的基本因素。

3.判斷推理題。A:沒(méi)有人能確定戲劇的起源,B:神話(huà)是戲劇的最終起源,第一段指出:TherearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.Theonemostwidelyacceptedtodayisbasedontheassumptionthatdramaevolvedfromritual(有很多關(guān)于古希臘戲劇起源的理論。其中今天最廣泛為人接受的理論是基于戲劇起源于宗教儀式的假設(shè)),由此可知A項(xiàng)正確,B項(xiàng)不正確。C:講故事是戲劇的一個(gè)重要部分,最后一段指出:Anothertheorytracesthetheater'soriginfromthehumaninterestinstorytelling(另一個(gè)追溯戲劇起源的理論認(rèn)為它來(lái)自人們對(duì)敘述故事的興趣),由此可知C項(xiàng)和原文并不相符。D:所有的宗教起源于宗教儀式活動(dòng),文章并未提及。故此題選A。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。倒數(shù)第二段指出:此外，還有表演者，因?yàn)樵趦x式的制定中避免犯錯(cuò)誤是相當(dāng)重要的，宗教領(lǐng)袖通常承擔(dān)這個(gè)任務(wù)。他們戴著面具，穿著戲服，經(jīng)常模仿其他人、動(dòng)物或超自然的生物，模仿演員所期望的效果——成功模仿狩獵或芭蕾，無(wú)論晴天或雨天。這種戲劇性的表現(xiàn)最終與宗教活動(dòng)分離開(kāi)來(lái)。由此可看出D項(xiàng)“宗教儀式有一個(gè)宗教目的，而戲劇沒(méi)有”正確。

10.單選題

Nosoonerhadtheautomobilemechanicenteredtheroomthanhebegantotakeoffhis（）coveralls.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tedious

B.hollow

C.greasy

D.salutary

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。tedious沉悶的；hollow空的、虛偽的；greasy油膩的；salutary有益的。句意：汽車(chē)修理工一進(jìn)入房間就開(kāi)始脫下他油膩的工作服。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

11.單選題

Inthatmoviean（）spacecrafthoveredthecityforashotwhilebeforeitvanishedinthedistance.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.alien

B.animated

C.allergic

D.ambiguous

【答案】A

【解析】alien外國(guó)的,外星人的；animated活生生,活潑的；allergic對(duì)...過(guò)敏的；ambiguous模糊不清的。句意：電影中一艘外星人的飛船在城市上空盤(pán)旋了一會(huì)兒,然后消失在遠(yuǎn)處。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

12.單選題

Thisborderincidentledtothetwocountries（）diplomaticrelationsin1965.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.breakingup

B.finishing

C.cuttingout

D.breakingoff

【答案】A

【解析】詞組辨析題。breakingup終止；cuttingout

切斷；breakingoff

突然停止。句意：這一邊境問(wèn)題導(dǎo)致兩國(guó)于1965年終止外交關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

13.翻譯題

Ifwewanttofosteracultureofconservation,we’llhavetoworkatchangingahostofthings,fromadstozoos,fromhowweputfoodonourplatestohowweimagineourroleintheuniverse.Outofallthesenecessarychanges,Iwishtospeakaboutonethatisclosetomyheartasastoryteller,whichistheneedtorootlanguageoncemoreintheearth.Weneedtorecoverthefertilemeaningsofwordsthatariseoutofourlongevolutionarycontactwithdirtandwind,riversandwoods,animalsandplants.

Attherootoflanguage,weoftenfindanearthywisdom.Taketheword“growth”forexample,whenDonellaMeadowsandhercolleaguepublishedareportin1972ontheprospectsforthecontinuedexpansionofthehumaneconomy,theycalledtheirbookTheLimitstoGrowth.Theverytitleprovokedoutrageinmanycircles,becauseaprimecreedinthetechno-industrialworldisthattherearenolimitstogrowth.Accordingtothiscreed,anyconstraintsimposedbynaturewillbeovercomebytechnicalingenuityorthefreemarket.Mining,drilling,pumping,clearing,plowing,manufacturing,andconsuming—alongwiththehumanpopulationthatdrivesitall—willexpandforever.Politiciansandbusinessleadersspeakofgrowthasunboundedandunambiguouslygood.

【答案】【參考譯文】如果我們想要培養(yǎng)一種保護(hù)文化，那么我們將不得不進(jìn)行許多改變，從廣告到動(dòng)物園，從食物的加工過(guò)程到對(duì)自己在宇宙中角色的界定。在這些所有必要的改變中，我想要以一個(gè)講故事的人的身份來(lái)談及一個(gè)我最為關(guān)心的改變——讓語(yǔ)言再次回歸本土。在漫長(zhǎng)的進(jìn)化過(guò)程中，我們與塵土、風(fēng)、河流、森林、動(dòng)物和植物的接觸產(chǎn)生了詞匯，我們需要恢復(fù)這些詞匯豐富的含義。

分析語(yǔ)言的本質(zhì)，我們經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)樸實(shí)的智慧。以“growth”一詞為例，當(dāng)?shù)聝?nèi)拉?梅多斯和她的同事于1972年發(fā)表了一份關(guān)于人類(lèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)發(fā)展前景的報(bào)告時(shí)，她們將其命名為《增長(zhǎng)的極限》。正是這一標(biāo)題在很多領(lǐng)域引起了憤怒，因?yàn)榧夹g(shù)工業(yè)世界的一個(gè)主要信條是增長(zhǎng)不受限制。根據(jù)這個(gè)信條，自然施加的任何限制將會(huì)因技術(shù)創(chuàng)新或自由市場(chǎng)而被克服。采礦、鉆探、抽水、清除、耕作、制造、消費(fèi)（連同作為這些行為實(shí)施者的人類(lèi)）都將會(huì)不斷發(fā)展。政治家和商業(yè)領(lǐng)袖說(shuō)增長(zhǎng)是不受控制的而且一定是好的。

14.單選題

Amanhastomake______forhisoldagebyputtingasideenoughmoneytoliveonwhenold.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.supply

B.assurance

C.provision

D.adjustment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)supply“提供”；B項(xiàng)assurance“保證、保險(xiǎn)”；C項(xiàng)provision“供應(yīng)、準(zhǔn)備”；D項(xiàng)adjustment“調(diào)整”；句意：一個(gè)人必須存下足夠的錢(qián)來(lái)養(yǎng)老。因此該題C項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Asquicklyaspossible，thedoctorappliesicepackstoyourinjury.Ice（

）swellingandinflammation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fastens

B.deters

C.encourages

D.fixes

【答案】B

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞辨析。fasten“使固定”；deter“阻止”；encourage“鼓勵(lì)”；fix“修理”。句意：冰能夠阻止腫脹和發(fā)炎。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

16.單選題

Thesimplestanimalsarethosewhosebodiesaresimplestinstructureandwhichdothethingsdonebyalllivinganimals,suchaseating,breathing,movingandfeeling,inthemost（

）way.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.bizarre

B.primitive

C.advantageous

D.unique

【答案】B

【解析】bizarre奇異的；primitive原始的,簡(jiǎn)單的；advantageous有利的,有益的；unique獨(dú)一無(wú)二的。句意:最簡(jiǎn)單的動(dòng)物是那些身體結(jié)構(gòu)單一的動(dòng)物,它們以最原始的方式做所有動(dòng)物都做的事情,如吃、呼吸、活動(dòng)和感知。選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

17.單選題

Aftertherecentscandalthepriestisexpectedtodothe（）thingandresignfromhisposition.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reticent

B.decent

C.innocent

D.descent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。reticent“沉默的；有保留的”；decent“正派的，得體的”；innocent“無(wú)辜的，清白的”；descent“除去……的氣味”。句意：在最近的丑聞過(guò)后，這個(gè)神父希望能做一些正派的事情來(lái)挽回自己的位置。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

18.單選題

Oneofthegoodthingsformeninwomen’sliberationishatmennolongerhavetopaywomentheold-fashionedcourtesies

Inanarticleonthenewmanners,MrsHolmessaysthataperfectlyablewomannolongerhastoacthelplesslyinpublicasifshewereamodel.Forexample,shedoesn'tneedhelpgettinginandoutofcars.“Womengetinandoutofearstwentytimesadaywithbabiesanddogs.Surelythecangetoutbythemselvesatnightjustaseasily.”

Shealsosaysthereisnoreasonwhyamanshouldwalkontheoutsideofawomanonthesidewalk.Historically,themanwalkedontheinsidesohecaughtthegarbagethrownoutofawindow.Todayamanissupposedtowalkontheoutside.Amanshouldwalkwherehewantsto.Soshouldawoman.If,outofloveandrespect,heactuallywantstotaketheblows,heshouldwalkontheinside—becausethat’swhereattackersareallhidingthesedays.

Asfarasmannersareconcerned,IsupposeIhavealwaysbeenasupporterofwomen’sliberation.Overtheyears,outofasenseofrespect,Iimagine,Ihaverefusedtotroublewomenwithoutdatedcourtesies.

Itisusuallyeasiertofollowrulesofsocialbehaviorthantodependonone'sowntaste.Butrulesmayhesafelybroken,ofcourse,bythoseofuswiththegiftofnaturalgrace.Forexample,whenamanandawomanareledtotheirtableinarestaurantandthewaiterpullsoutachair,thewomanisexpectedtositinthechair.ThatisaccordingtoMs.AnnClark.Ihavealwaysdoneittheotherway,accordingtomylife.

Itcameuponlytheothernight.Ifollowedthehostesstothetable,andwhenshepulledthechairoutIsatonit,quitenaturally,sinceithappenedtobethechairIwantedtositin.

“Well,”mywifesaid,whenthehostesshadgone,“youdiditagain.”

“Didwhat?”Iasked,utterlyconfused.

“Tookthechair.”

Actually,sinceI’dwalkedthroughtherestaurantaheadofmywife,itwouldhavebeenawkward,Ishouldthink,nottohavetakenthechair.Ihadgottherefirst,afterall.

Also,ithasalwaysbeenmycustomtogetinacarfirst,andletthewomangetinbyherself.ThisiscourtesyIinsistonasthestrongersex,outofloveandrespect.Intimeslikethese,theremightbeattackershiddenabout.Itwouldbeunsuitabletoputawomaninacarandthenshutthedooronher,leavingheratthemercyofsomehadfellowwhomightbehidinginthebackseat.

1.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.

2.What'stheauthor'sattitudeaboutthewholequestionofmannersandwomen'sliberation?

3.Ms.AnnClarkwouldmostprobablyagreethat______.

4.Bysaying"youdiditagain"(Para.7),theauthorswifemeansthat______.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonwhytheauthorgetsintoacarbeforeawoman?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.itcanbreakrulesofsocialbehaviors

B.inwomen'sliberationmenarealsoliberated

C.womenarebecomingmorecompetentthanbefore

D.menshouldwalkontheoutsideofapavement

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Serious

B.Critical

C.Joking

D.Satirical

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ms.Holmes'sopinionsonthenewmannersarejustified

B.theauthorisamanwiththegiftofnaturalgrace

C.oneshouldfollowsocialcustominsteadofhisowntaste

D.menandwomenareequalinmostofthesocialevents

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theauthorshouldhaveshownhispolitenessbypullingoutthechairforher

B.theauthorshouldnothavesatdownbeforeshedid

C.theauthorshouldnothavesatinthechairpulledoutbythewaitress

D.theauthorshouldhavewalkedbehindher

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Heintendstobepolitetothewoman.

B.Hedoesthatbyforceofhabit.

C.Hewantstoprotectthewomanfromhiddendanger.

D.Hethinkswomennowadaysareascapableasmen.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第一句“Oneofthegoodthingsformeninwomen’sliberationisthatmennolongerhavetopaywomentheold-fashionedcourtesies．”對(duì)男性來(lái)說(shuō),婦女解放帶來(lái)的一個(gè)好處就是男人不用遵守尊重婦女的舊式禮節(jié)了。由此可知,在婦女解放過(guò)程中,男性也得到了解放,所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.從作者的敘述方式看,作者在討論舉止風(fēng)度以及婦女解放問(wèn)題時(shí)帶有調(diào)侃語(yǔ)氣。例如,在第四段的第二句中,作者說(shuō),他拒絕用一些過(guò)時(shí)的禮節(jié)來(lái)麻煩女士(事實(shí)上對(duì)女性表示禮貌恭維談不上是“麻煩”),而且之所以這樣,是出于一種尊敬。又如,在第五段第二句中,作者將自己看作是那些具有“天然風(fēng)度”(naturalgrace)的男士,而所謂“天然”,卻是一切順其自然,不受社會(huì)禮儀規(guī)范所約束。由此可以確定選項(xiàng)C為正確答案。

3.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“AnnClark”定位到第五段的后半部分,AnnClark認(rèn)為當(dāng)一名男性和一名女性被帶到餐桌子前,服務(wù)員拿出一把椅子,坐在椅子上的應(yīng)該是女性。說(shuō)明AnnClark比較贊同傳統(tǒng)的社會(huì)行為規(guī)則,而作者的做法恰好與其相反,他喜歡順著自己的意愿。所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

4.根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知,作者坐在那把椅子上的原因是因?yàn)槟莻€(gè)正是他想坐的椅子,而且他是在妻子的前面到達(dá)的,這是作者的一種習(xí)慣。所以作者的妻子認(rèn)為作者不應(yīng)該按照自己的習(xí)慣坐在那把椅子上,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.根據(jù)原文最后一段內(nèi)容可知,作者比女性先上車(chē)的原因,首先這是他的一個(gè)習(xí)慣,其次是出于禮貌,愛(ài)和尊重,以及保護(hù)女性的安全避免受到潛在的襲擊。只有選項(xiàng)D不正確。

19.單選題

Thephrase“meltingpot”hasbecomeassociatedwiththeAmericansociety,implyingthatmanyracialandethnicgroupshavebeenintegratedintooneculture.Scholarsdisagreeastowhatextentthisassimilationorintegrationhasactuallytakenplace.ManyofthemseetheAmericansocietyasa“saladbowl”,wherevariousgroupshaveremaineddistinctandseparatefromeachother,eventhoughtheyworkandliveinthesamesociety.

Thereisnodoubtthatassimilationhastakenplace,especiallyamongthewhitesfromdifferentnationalitiesandreligiousbackgrounds;thedisagreementisonlyabouttowhatextentthisassimilationhasactuallytakenplace.Thescholarsarguethat“meltingplot”isaninaccuratedescriptionoftheAmericansociety.Letaloneothermoredistinctracesandethnicgroups,theypointtotheAmericanJewsasthegroupofwhiteswhohaveretainedtheirseparateness.

ManyscholarsfeelthattheunwillingnessbytheJewishAmericanstoassimilatewiththeAmericansocietycomesmainlyfromcenturiesofpersecutioninEuropeancountries,someofwhichsurvivedandcamealongwithEuropeanChristianstoAmerica.Weakerformsofdiscriminationandanti-JewishfeelingsstillexistamongEuropeandescendents,makingitmoredifficultfortheJewstoassimilateintothemainstreamAmericanculture.Theirownculturalandreligiouspridealsoplaysimportantrolesinmaintainingtheirseparateness.

Whatisinteresting,however,isthatJewishgroups,alongwiththeirseparateness,haveastrongsenseofbelongingtothelargerAmericancultureinwhichtheyhaveachievedsuccessinnearlyeveryfield.Infact,amongthegroupsthathaveretainedtheirnationalorethnicidentities,theJewishgroupsarethemostsuccessful,accordingtoanation-widesurvey.ManyJewsattributethissuccesstotheirseparateness,whichhaspreventedthemfromlosingvaluesthatcontributetotheirsuccess.

1.Whatsentencewouldbestsummarizethispassage?

2.TheEuropeandescendentswhomostlikelydiscriminateagainsttheAmericanJewsare（）

3.ManyscholarsprefertodescribeAmericansocietyasa“saladbowl”becauseit（）

4.TheauthorclaimsthatJewishgroupsretainmostoftheirculturalidentityand（）

5.Accordingtothepassage,oneofthereasonswhytheJewshaveremainedmostlyseparateis（）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Americansocietyiseithera“meltingpot”ora“saladbowl”,dependingonwhoistalkingaboutit.

B.JewishgroupshaveastrongsenseofidentityandrefusetoassimilatewithotherAmericans.

C.ScholarsdisagreeabouttheextenttowhichassimilationofdifferentracesandethnicgroupshastakenplaceinAmericansociety.

D.ThereisstillsomediscriminationandpersecutionofJewsinAmerica.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Christians

B.scholars

C.capitalists

D.Catholics

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.showsculturalandreligiousdifferencesofvariousculturalgroups

B.showsthetogethernessandseparatenessofdifferentethnic,national,andracialgroups

C.ismorecolorfulandimaginative

D.ismoreprogressive

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theirseparatenesspreventsthemfromachievingsuccess

B.othergroupsdislikethemfortheirseparatenessfromthemainstreamAmericanculture

C.alsothinkofthemselvesasbelongingtotheAmericanculture

D.refusetocooperatewithotherculturalgroups

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.seeingnoadvantageinassimilating

B.lackofopportunitytoassimilate

C.thefearoflosingtheiridentity

D.theirprideintheirownculture

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是講學(xué)者們?cè)诿绹?guó)社會(huì)中不同種族和民族的融合問(wèn)題上存在分歧。所以選項(xiàng)C最能概括全文。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句“Manyscholarsfeelthat...withEuropeanChristianstoAmerica.”許多學(xué)者認(rèn)為，美國(guó)猶太人不愿意融入美國(guó)社會(huì)，主要是由于幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)歐洲國(guó)家的迫害，其中一些國(guó)家幸存下來(lái)，與歐洲的基督徒一起來(lái)到了美國(guó)。由此可以推斷，歐洲后代中最有可能歧視美國(guó)猶太人的是基督教徒，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“saladbowl”定位到第一段的最后一句“variousgroupshaveremaineddistinctandseparatefromeachother,eventhoughtheyworkandliveinthesamesociety.”不同的群體雖然在同一社會(huì)中工作和生活，但仍然彼此獨(dú)立。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段的第一句“Jewishgroups,alongwiththeirseparateness,haveastrongsenseofbelongingtothelargerAmericanculture...”可知選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“Theirownculturalandreligiouspridealsoplaysimportantrolesinmaintainingtheirseparateness.”選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

20.單選題

（

）lackofevidence,theprisonerhadtobereleasedafterstayinginjailforsixmonths.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.In

B.For

C.On

D.With

【答案】B

【解析】考察邏輯連接詞。分析句子可知，從句表示原因，主句為對(duì)應(yīng)的結(jié)果。For因?yàn)椤?句意：由于缺少證據(jù)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

21.單選題

（）IrealizedthatIhadleftmybriefcaseinthetaxi!

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Atalltime

B.Timeaftertime

C.Allofasudden

D.Onceforall

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。atalltime“總是，隨時(shí)，常?！保籺imeaftertime“不斷地，反復(fù)”；allofasudden“突然地，出乎意料地”；onceforall“徹底地，一勞永逸地”。句意：突然我意識(shí)到我把公文包落在出租車(chē)上了。C項(xiàng)符合句意。

22.單選題

Whatwouldyou（）ifyouhadbeenthereatthetimeoftheaccident?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.do

B.bedoing

C.havedone

D.todo

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。if引導(dǎo)的從句使用的是過(guò)去完成時(shí)haddone，提出過(guò)去的未發(fā)生的條件。主句部分：主語(yǔ)＋would/should/might/couldhave＋動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。句意：如果你當(dāng)時(shí)在事故現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，你會(huì)怎么做？因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

23.單選題

Somecompanieshaveintroducedflexibleworkingtimewithlessemphasisonpressure（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thanmoreonefficiency

B.andmoreefficiency

C.andmoreonefficiency

D.thanefficiency

【答案】C

【解析】考