考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京交通運(yùn)輸職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京交通運(yùn)輸職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theargumentconcerningtheuse,orthestatus,ortherealityofBlackEnglishisrootedinAmericanhistoryandhasabsolutelynothingtodowiththequestionwhichtheargumentsupposesitselftobeposing.Theargumenthasnothingtodowithlanguageitselfbutwiththeroleoflanguage.Language,incontestably,revealsthespeaker.Language,also,farmoredubiously,ismeanttodefinetheother—and,inthiscase,theotherisrefusingtobedefinedbyalanguagethathasneverbeenabletorecognizehim.

Peopleevolvealanguageinordertodescribeandthuscontroltheircircumstances,orinordernottobesubmergedbyarealitythattheycannotarticulate.(And,iftheycannotarticulateit,theyaresubmerged.)AFrenchmanlivinginParisspeaksasubtlyandcruciallydifferentlanguagefromthatofthemanlivinginMarseilles;neithersoundsverymuchlikeamanlivinginQuebec;andtheywouldallhavegreatdifficultyinapprehendingwhatthemanfromGuadeloupe,orMartinique,issaying,tosaynothingofthemanfromSenegal—althoughthe“common”languageofalltheseareasisFrench.Buteachhaspaid,andispaying,adifferentpriceforthis“common”language,inwhich,asitturnsout,theyarenotsaying,andcannotbesaying,thesamethings.Theyeachhaveverydifferentrealitiestoarticulate,orcontrol.

Whatjoinsalllanguages,andallmen,isthenecessitytoconfrontlife,inorder,notinconceivably,tooutwitdeath:Thepriceforthisistheacceptance,andachievement,ofone’stemporalidentity.Sothat,forexample,thoughitisnottaughtintheschoolsthesouthofFrancestillclingstoitsancientandmusicalProvencal,whichresistsbeingdescribedasa“dialect”.AndmuchofthetensionintheBasquecountries,andinWales,isduetotheBasqueandWelshdeterminationnottoallowtheirlanguagestobedestroyed.ThisdeterminationalsofeedstheflamesinIreland,foramongthemanyindignitiestheIrishhavebeenforcedtoundergoatEnglishhandsistheEnglishcontemptfortheirlanguage.

Itgoeswithoutsaying,then,thatlanguageisalsoapoliticalinstrument,means,andproofofpower.Itisthemostvividandcrucialkeytoidentity:itrevealstheprivateidentity,andconnectsonewith,ordivorcesonefromthelargerpublic,orcommunalidentity.Therehavebeen,andare,timesandplaces,whentospeakacertainlanguagecouldbedangerous,evenfatal.Or,onemayspeakthesamelanguage,butinsuchawaythatone’santecedentsarerevealed,or(onehopes)hidden.

16.Accordingtothepassage,languagerevealsthespeakerinthewaythat____.

17.WhydoesaFrenchmanlivinginParishasgreatdifficultyinapprehendingwhatthemanfromGuadeloupe,orMartinique,issaying?

18.WhatdoestheexampleofBasqueandWelshillustrate?

19.Insomeplaces,speakingacertainlanguagemaycause____.

20.Thetextisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussing____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.peoplewhospeakthesamelanguagesharethesameculture

B.apersonisrecognizedbythelanguagehespeaks

C.languageisaneffectivemeansofcommunication

D.languageaffectsthespeaker’scircumstances

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheypronouncemanywordsdifferently.

B.Becausetheyliveindifferentareasandseldomvisiteachother.

C.Becausetheyspeakdifferentvarietiesofalanguageandconfrontdifferentrealities.

D.Becausetheyhavedifferentarticulationsystem.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Languagerevealsanation’soracommunity’sidentity.

B.Certainpeople’scontemptforalanguagemayleadtoracialconflicts.

C.Languageisasymbolofpublicexistence.

D.BasquepeoplejoinupwithWelshpeopletofightfortheirlanguage.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.familydivorce

B.offenceandhatred

C.communalmisunderstanding

D.politicaldisagreement

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theuse,status,andrealityofBlackEnglish

B.therelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture

C.languagevarieties

D.language,identityandnationality

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】16.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,languagerevealsthespeakerinthewaythat____.根據(jù)文章，語(yǔ)言是以什么方式揭示使用這種語(yǔ)言的人的。

A.peoplewhospeakthesamelanguagesharethesamecultureA.說(shuō)同一種語(yǔ)言的人擁有相同的文化

B.apersonisrecognizedbythelanguagehespeaksB.通過(guò)一個(gè)人說(shuō)什么語(yǔ)言能識(shí)別出他的身份

C.languageisaneffectivemeansofcommunicationC.語(yǔ)言是一種有效的交際手段

D.languageaffectsthespeaker’scircumstancesD.語(yǔ)言影響說(shuō)話(huà)人所處的環(huán)境

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞languagerevealsthespeaker定位到原文第1段第3句，該句提到“毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，語(yǔ)言揭示了使用這種語(yǔ)言的人（revealsthespeaker）?！痹摼浜笠痪涮岬健案钊藨岩傻氖?，語(yǔ)言（Language）是用來(lái)定義他者的（definetheother）——在這種情況下，他者（theother）拒絕被一種從未能夠識(shí)別他者的語(yǔ)言（alanguagethathasneverbeenabletorecognizehim）所定義?！庇纱送茢?，語(yǔ)言因?yàn)槟軌蜃R(shí)別一個(gè)人的身份而被用來(lái)定義使用該語(yǔ)言的人。因此，本題“語(yǔ)言是以什么方式揭示使用這種語(yǔ)言的人的”的答案是B選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)一個(gè)人說(shuō)什么語(yǔ)言能識(shí)別出他的身份”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“說(shuō)同一種語(yǔ)言的人擁有相同的文化”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“語(yǔ)言是一種有效的交際手段”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“語(yǔ)言影響說(shuō)話(huà)人所處的環(huán)境”，可定位到原文第2段第1句，該句提到“人們進(jìn)化一種語(yǔ)言是為了描述并控制他們的環(huán)境（todescribeandthuscontroltheircircumstances），或者是為了不被他們無(wú)法表達(dá)的現(xiàn)實(shí)所淹沒(méi)?！庇纱丝芍褂谜Z(yǔ)言是為了描述和控制周?chē)沫h(huán)境，因此，環(huán)境不同，語(yǔ)言就不同，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤，不是語(yǔ)言影響環(huán)境，而是環(huán)境影響語(yǔ)言。

17.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhydoesaFrenchmanlivinginParishasgreatdifficultyinapprehendingwhatthemanfromGuadeloupe,orMartinique,issaying?為什么一個(gè)住在巴黎的法國(guó)人，想知道從瓜德羅普（Guadeloupe）或馬提尼克（Martinique）來(lái)的人在說(shuō)什么很困難？

A.Becausetheypronouncemanywordsdifferently.A.因?yàn)樗麄兒芏鄦卧~的發(fā)音都不一樣。

B.Becausetheyliveindifferentareasandseldomvisiteachother.B.因?yàn)樗麄兩钤诓煌牡貐^(qū)，很少互相訪問(wèn)。

C.Becausetheyspeakdifferentvarietiesofalanguageandconfrontdifferentrealities.C.因?yàn)樗麄冋f(shuō)的是一種語(yǔ)言的不同變種，面對(duì)的是不同的現(xiàn)實(shí)。

D.Becausetheyhavedifferentarticulationsystem.D.因?yàn)樗麄冇胁煌陌l(fā)音系統(tǒng)。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞aFrenchmanlivinginParis定位到原文第2段。本段第1句為該段核心句，該句說(shuō)到“人們進(jìn)化一種語(yǔ)言是為了描述并控制他們的環(huán)境（todescribeandthuscontroltheircircumstances），或者是為了不被他們無(wú)法表達(dá)的現(xiàn)實(shí)所淹沒(méi)?！苯又ㄟ^(guò)舉例（即本題提到的例子）證明這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。本段最后兩句提到“但是每個(gè)人都為這種‘共同的’（common）語(yǔ)言付出了，并且正在付出不同的代價(jià)，事實(shí)證明，在這種‘共同的’語(yǔ)言中，他們不是在說(shuō)，也不能說(shuō)同樣的事情。他們每個(gè)人都有非常不同的現(xiàn)實(shí)要表達(dá)或控制（haveverydifferentrealitiestoarticulate,orcontrol）?！庇纱丝芍?，他們說(shuō)的語(yǔ)言從屬于某種共同的語(yǔ)言，但是因?yàn)楸舜艘磉_(dá)或控制的現(xiàn)實(shí)不同，所以他們聽(tīng)不懂對(duì)方的話(huà)。因此，C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄冋f(shuō)的是一種語(yǔ)言的不同變種，面對(duì)的是不同的現(xiàn)實(shí)”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兒芏鄦卧~的發(fā)音都不一樣”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兩钤诓煌牡貐^(qū)，很少互相訪問(wèn)”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄冇胁煌陌l(fā)音系統(tǒng)”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

18.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhatdoestheexampleofBasqueandWelshillustrate?巴斯克和威爾士的例子說(shuō)明了什么？

A.Languagerevealsanation’soracommunity’sidentity.A.語(yǔ)言揭示了一個(gè)國(guó)家或社會(huì)的身份。

B.Certainpeople’scontemptforalanguagemayleadtoracialconflicts.B.某些人對(duì)一種語(yǔ)言的蔑視可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致種族沖突。

C.Languageisasymbolofpublicexistence.C.語(yǔ)言是公共存在的象征。

D.BasquepeoplejoinupwithWelshpeopletofightfortheirlanguage.D.巴斯克人與威爾士人聯(lián)合起來(lái)為他們的語(yǔ)言而戰(zhàn)。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞BasqueandWelsh定位到原文第3段。該段倒數(shù)第2句提到“巴斯克國(guó)家和威爾士的緊張局勢(shì)，很大程度上是由于巴斯克人和威爾士人（theBasqueandWelsh）決心不讓他們的語(yǔ)言被破壞（determinationnottoallowtheirlanguagestobedestroyed）”。這是第3段舉的例子。例子是為論點(diǎn)服務(wù)的。本段第1句點(diǎn)明了本段論點(diǎn)，該句說(shuō)到“將所有語(yǔ)言和所有人連接在一起的是，面對(duì)生命的必要性，以便戰(zhàn)勝死亡：為此付出的代價(jià)是接受和成為一個(gè)人暫時(shí)的身份（theacceptance,andachievement,ofone’stemporalidentity）?！庇纱丝芍Z(yǔ)言顯示的是一個(gè)人的身份，巴斯克人和威爾士人阻止自己的語(yǔ)言被破壞以保持自己的民族身份。因此，A選項(xiàng)“語(yǔ)言揭示了一個(gè)國(guó)家或社會(huì)的身份”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“某些人對(duì)一種語(yǔ)言的蔑視可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致種族沖突”，可定位到第3段最后一句，該句提到“愛(ài)爾蘭的戰(zhàn)火（theflamesinIreland）產(chǎn)生的原因之一就是英國(guó)人對(duì)他們語(yǔ)言的輕蔑（theEnglishcontemptfortheirlanguage）”，由此可知，該選項(xiàng)表述的是另一個(gè)例子，與本題中的事例無(wú)關(guān)；

C選項(xiàng)“語(yǔ)言是公共存在的象征”，原文并未提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“巴斯克人與威爾士人聯(lián)合起來(lái)為他們的語(yǔ)言而戰(zhàn)”，該選項(xiàng)表述的是例子本身，而非使用該例的目的，該選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念。

19.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Insomeplaces,speakingacertainlanguagemaycause____.在一些地方，說(shuō)某種語(yǔ)言可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致____。

A.familydivorceA.家庭分裂

B.offenceandhatredB.冒犯和仇恨

C.communalmisunderstandingC.公共的誤解

D.politicaldisagreementD.政治上的分歧

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞speakingacertainlanguage定位到原文最后一段第3句，該句提到“在過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在，在某些時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)，說(shuō)某種語(yǔ)言（speakacertainlanguage）可能是危險(xiǎn)的，甚至是致命的（dangerous,evenfatal）?！庇纱丝芍?，在某些地方，說(shuō)某種語(yǔ)言會(huì)很危險(xiǎn)，甚至致命，B選項(xiàng)“冒犯和仇恨”與“危險(xiǎn)或致命”有關(guān)，符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“家庭分裂”，與“危險(xiǎn)，甚至致命”不符，屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“公共的誤解”，與“危險(xiǎn)，甚至致命”不符，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“政治上的分歧”，可定位到原文最后一段第1句，該句提到“語(yǔ)言也是一種政治工具（apoliticalinstrument）、手段和權(quán)力的證明”，原文雖然提到了語(yǔ)言是政治工具，但是并沒(méi)有說(shuō)使用不同的語(yǔ)言會(huì)導(dǎo)致政治上的分歧，該選項(xiàng)屬于過(guò)度推理。

20.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thetextisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussing____.本文主要討論____。

A.theuse,status,andrealityofBlackEnglishA.黑人英語(yǔ)的使用、地位和現(xiàn)實(shí)

B.therelationshipbetweenlanguageandcultureB.語(yǔ)言與文化的關(guān)系

C.languagevarietiesC.語(yǔ)言變體

D.language,identityandnationalityD.語(yǔ)言、身份和國(guó)籍

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題

【解題思路】梳理各段核心句，提煉復(fù)現(xiàn)詞：

第一段核心句：本段第3句，該句說(shuō)到“毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，語(yǔ)言（Language）揭示了使用這種語(yǔ)言的人（revealsthespeaker）?！?/p>

第二段核心句：本段第1句，該句說(shuō)到“人們進(jìn)化一種語(yǔ)言是為了描述并控制他們的環(huán)境，或者是為了不被他們無(wú)法表達(dá)的現(xiàn)實(shí)所淹沒(méi)?！痹摱谓沂玖苏Z(yǔ)言的作用；

第三段核心句：“將所有語(yǔ)言和所有人連接在一起的是，面對(duì)生命的必要性，以便戰(zhàn)勝死亡：為此付出的代價(jià)是接受和成為一個(gè)人暫時(shí)的身份（theacceptance,andachievement,ofone’stemporalidentity）?！痹摱谓沂玖苏Z(yǔ)言與身份的關(guān)系；

第四段核心句：本段第2句，該句說(shuō)到“語(yǔ)言揭示了個(gè)人身份（privateidentity），將一個(gè)人與更大的公眾或公共身份（thelargerpublic,orcommunalidentity）聯(lián)系起來(lái)或分離開(kāi)來(lái)?！痹摱谓沂玖苏Z(yǔ)言與國(guó)籍的關(guān)系；

復(fù)現(xiàn)詞：language，identity；

綜上所述，D選項(xiàng)“語(yǔ)言、身份和國(guó)籍”最全面的概括了本文的話(huà)題。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“黑人英語(yǔ)的使用、地位和現(xiàn)實(shí)”，可定位到原文第1段第1句，該句提到“關(guān)于黑人英語(yǔ)的使用、地位或現(xiàn)實(shí)（theuse,orthestatus,ortherealityofBlackEnglish）的爭(zhēng)論根植于美國(guó)歷史，與這個(gè)爭(zhēng)論所提出的問(wèn)題完全無(wú)關(guān)。”但是這只是文中用來(lái)引入主題的背景信息，不是原文主旨，該選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置；

B選項(xiàng)“語(yǔ)言與文化的關(guān)系”，原文并未提及文化，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“語(yǔ)言變體”，只在原文第1段討論語(yǔ)言時(shí)提到，不足以概括全文話(huà)題，該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全。

2.單選題

Howeverimportantweregardschoollifetobe,thereisnogainsayingthefactthatchildrenspendmoretimeathomethanintheclassroom.Therefore,thegreatinfluenceofparentscannotbeignoredordiscountedbytheteacher.Theycanbecomestrongalliesoftheschoolpersonnelortheycanconsciouslyorunconsciouslyhinderandthwartcurricularobjectives.

Administratorshavebeenawareoftheneedtokeepparentsapprisedofthenewermethodsusedinschools.Manyprincipalshaveconductedworkshopsexplainingsuchmatterasthereadingreadinessprogram,manuscriptwritinganddevelopmentalmathematics.

Moreover,theclassroomteacher,withthepermissionofthesupervisors,canalsoplayanimportantroleinenlighteningparents.Theinformalteaandmanyinterviewscarriedonduringtheyear,aswellasnewwaysofreportingpupils’progress,cansignificantlyaidinachievingaharmoniousinterplaybetweenschoolandhome.

Toillustrate,supposethatafatherhasbeendrillingJuniorinarithmeticprocessesnightafternight.Inafriendlyinterview,theteachercanhelptheparentsublimatehisnaturalpaternalinterestintoproductivechannels.HemightbepersuadedtoletJuniorparticipateindiscussingthefamilybudget,buyingthefood,usingayardstickormeasuringcupathome,settingtheclock,calculatingmileageonatripandengaginginscoresofotheractivitiesthathaveamathematicalbasis.

Ifthefatherfollowstheadvice,itisreasonabletoassumethathewillsoonrealizehissonismakingsatisfactoryprogressinmathematics,andatthesametime,enjoyingthework.

Toooften,however,teachers’conferenceswithparentsaredevotedtopettyaccountsofchildren’smisdemeanors,complaintsaboutlazinessandpoorworkhabits,andsuggestionforpenaltiesandrewardsathome.

Whatisneededismorecreativeapproachinwhichtheteacher,asaprofessionaladviser,plantsideasinparents’mindsforthebestutilizationofthemanyhoursthatthechildspendsoutoftheclassroom.Inthisway,theschoolandthehomejoinforcesinfosteringthefullestdevelopmentofyoungsters’capacities.

1.Thecentralideaconveyedintheabovepassageisthat（）.

2.Itcanreasonablybeinferredthattheauthor（）.

3.Wemayinferthatthewriterofthisarticledoesnotfavor（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hometrainingismoreimportantthanschooltrainingbecauseachildspendssomanyhourswithhisparents

B.teacherscanandshouldhelpparentstounderstandandfurthertheobjectivesoftheschool

C.therearemanywaysinwhichthemathematicsprogramcanbeimplementedathome

D.parentsunwittinglyhavehinderedandthwartedcurricularobjectives

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.issatisfiedwithpresentrelationshipsbetweenhomeandschool

B.feelsthatthetraditionalprograminmathematicsisslightlysuperiortothedevelopmentalprogram

C.feelsthatparent-teacherinterviewscanbemademuchmoreconstructivethantheyareatpresent

D.isoftheopinionthatteachersofthisgenerationareinferiortothoseofthelastgeneration

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.afather’shelpinghissonwiththelatter’sstudies

B.writtencommunicationstotheparentfromtheteacher

C.havingtheparentsobservelessonswhichthechildrenarebeingtaught

D.principal-parentconferencesratherthanteacher-parentconferences

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，第一段提出父母對(duì)孩子的影響是不容忽視的，接下來(lái)的內(nèi)容主要是討論如何幫助家長(zhǎng)理解并且推進(jìn)學(xué)校目標(biāo)的關(guān)鍵——教師。所以選項(xiàng)B更能概括全文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容，作為一名專(zhuān)業(yè)顧問(wèn)，教師最需要的是一種創(chuàng)造性的方法和家長(zhǎng)溝通，以便他們知道如何有效的利用孩子們的課外時(shí)間。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為教師和家長(zhǎng)之間的溝通可以更進(jìn)一步，更具有建設(shè)性意義。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，老師在得到管理員允許的情況下也可以起到啟發(fā)家長(zhǎng)的重要作用，非正式的茶會(huì)和許多訪談，以及報(bào)告學(xué)生進(jìn)步的新方法，都可以顯著地幫助實(shí)現(xiàn)學(xué)校和家庭之間的和諧互動(dòng)。由此可知，作者支持的是老師來(lái)進(jìn)行面談會(huì)而不是校長(zhǎng)，所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.單選題

Notuntilshoutedatthetopofmyvoice（）hishead.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thatheturned

B.didheturn

C.hedidn’tturn

D.hehadturned

【答案】B

【解析】考查倒裝句的用法。Notuntil放在句首時(shí)使用部分倒裝——主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.單選題

Hisstomachbeganto（）becauseofthebadfoodhehadeaten.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pain

B.harm

C.behurt

D.ache

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)pain“疼痛，痛苦”；B選項(xiàng)harm“傷害，損害”；C選項(xiàng)behurt“受傷”；D選項(xiàng)ache“（身體某個(gè)部位）疼痛”。句意：因?yàn)槌粤俗冑|(zhì)的食物，他的胃開(kāi)始疼了。表示身體某個(gè)部分疼痛用ache，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

5.單選題

Herexcellentperformance______theaudience’swarmacclamations.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.resultedfrom

B.burstinto

C.evoked

D.prosecuted

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)resultfrom“由……造成，起因于”，B項(xiàng)burstinto“突然闖進(jìn)來(lái)”，C項(xiàng)evoke“引起，喚起，博得”，D項(xiàng)prosecute“檢舉，貫徹”。根據(jù)句子意思“她的精彩表演……觀眾的熱烈喝彩”可推斷，空格處應(yīng)該表示“贏得，博得”，所以只有C項(xiàng)符合。句意：她出色的表演引起了觀眾的熱烈喝彩。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

6.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

1.Theideawasapowerfulvariableinexplainingwhysomecountriesfaredfarbetterthanothers:topromoteincomegrowthovermanyyears,heavyinvestmentinschoolingwasnecessary.Andithelpedexplaintheshrinkageoffamiliesinwealthycountries:ifincreasingvalueisplacedonhumancapital,parentsmustinvestmoreineachchild,makinglargefamiliescostly.ManycriticsbristledatBecker’smarket-drivenlogic,whichseemedtoreducepeopletocold,calculatingmachine.

2.Whichisit?Thehomeoffreespeech,theruleoflawandtherichworld’smostdynamiceconomy?Oralandofsocialdecay,septicpoliticsandtherichworld’sworstroadsandschools?Americadividesforeignobserves.Itdividesforeignfirms,too.Somebossesfallheadoverheelsforitsinsatiableconsumersanddazzlingtechnology.Otherexecutivesareputoffbyitsinsufferablelawyersandhypocriticalprotectionism.DonaldTrumppromisestogiveforeignfirmsarudeawakeningwhenhereachestheWhiteHouse:lastmonthhebeatupToyotaformakingcarsinMexicoandsellingthemnorthoftheborder.ButintruthmanyforeignfirmsfelloutoflovewithAmericayearsago.

【答案】1.在解釋為何一些國(guó)家比其他國(guó)家過(guò)得好得多時(shí)，這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的變量：對(duì)教育進(jìn)行大量的投資是有必要的，為了促進(jìn)多年來(lái)的收入增長(zhǎng)。而且該觀點(diǎn)也有助于解釋富裕國(guó)家里的家庭規(guī)?？s小的原因：如果人力資本的價(jià)值不斷増加，那么父母就必須要為在每個(gè)孩子身上投入更多，而這會(huì)使得大家庭的成本更大。許多批評(píng)者對(duì)貝克爾的市場(chǎng)驅(qū)動(dòng)邏輯感到憤怒，該邏輯似乎讓人變得冷漠、精于計(jì)算。

2.美國(guó)屬于哪一種呢？是言論自由、法治之地、富裕世界中最具活力的經(jīng)濟(jì)體？還是社會(huì)墮落、政治腐敗、道路和學(xué)校狀況都是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家中最糟糕的國(guó)家？外國(guó)觀察家對(duì)美國(guó)的情況看法不一。外國(guó)公司也同樣如此。一些老板為其無(wú)法滿(mǎn)足的消費(fèi)者和眼花繚亂的技術(shù)而神魂顛倒。其他高管則對(duì)其令人難以忍受的律師和虛偽的保護(hù)主義而感到厭惡。唐納德?特朗普承諾當(dāng)他入主白宮后，會(huì)讓外國(guó)公司如夢(mèng)初醒：上個(gè)月，他嚴(yán)厲譴責(zé)了豐田在墨西哥生產(chǎn)汽車(chē)并向美國(guó)北部銷(xiāo)售的行為。但事實(shí)上，許多外國(guó)公司在多年前就失去了對(duì)美國(guó)的興趣了。

7.單選題

ThetopPhDprogramssetanincrediblyhighbar:alotofcoursework,teachingexperience,qualifyingexams,athesisdefense,andofcoursemakinga（

）researchcontributioninyourarea.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.heart-broken

B.record-breaking

C.back-breaking

D.ground-breaking

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)heart-broken“極其傷心的”；B選項(xiàng)record-breaking“破紀(jì)錄的”；C選項(xiàng)back-breaking“使人筋疲力盡的”；D選項(xiàng)ground-breaking“獨(dú)創(chuàng)的；開(kāi)拓性的”句意：頂尖的博士課程設(shè)置了一個(gè)令人難以置信的高標(biāo)準(zhǔn):大量的課程學(xué)習(xí)、教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)、資格考試、論文答辯，當(dāng)然還有對(duì)你所在領(lǐng)域的研究做出……的貢獻(xiàn)。學(xué)術(shù)需要的是獨(dú)創(chuàng)性，而不是破紀(jì)錄，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

8.單選題

EveryoneinAmericathesedaysseemstobe（）withhisorherphysicalfitness,andeveryoneistalkingaboutgettinginshape.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.concerned

B.allured

C.connected

D.attracted

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。beconcernedwith指涉及，關(guān)心。根據(jù)句意可知這里指如今的美國(guó)人關(guān)心自己的健康，選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

9.單選題

Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion--aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbonds(關(guān)系)amongmembersofgroups.Society'seconomicunderpinnings(支柱)wouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork.Infact,therewouldbenoincentives(刺激,動(dòng)力)ofanykind,foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.

Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.True,weconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject'sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous--hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsare"good"andothersare"bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife--fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyusesouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyaltymorality,prideshame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.Itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievementssuchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalpenal(刑法的)systemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.

1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivityarepossiblebecausethey（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton（）.

4.Emotionsaresignificantforman'ssurvivalandadaptationbecause（）.

5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing

B.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety

C.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive

D.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theabilitytomakemoney

B.thecapacitytowork

C.thestimulustowork

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjects.

B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintained.

C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievements.

D.theyproducemorelovethanhateamongpeople.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofit

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasks

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystem

D.helpustoadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段“Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,anxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.人們可能無(wú)法活下去:既不知道快樂(lè)也不知道恐懼，他們可能會(huì)重復(fù)對(duì)自己有益的行為，也會(huì)重復(fù)對(duì)自己有害的行為?！毖韵轮饩褪侨藗儾恢朗裁词虑閷?duì)自己有益處，什么事情有害，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第一段“Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.他們無(wú)法學(xué)習(xí):他們無(wú)法從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中獲益，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)沒(méi)有感情的世界將缺乏獎(jiǎng)賞和懲罰。可知人們從獎(jiǎng)賞和懲罰中學(xué)習(xí)。故A項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第一段“Society'seconomicunderpinnings(支柱)wouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork.Infact,therewouldbenoincentives(刺激,動(dòng)力)ofanykind,foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.社會(huì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)支柱將會(huì)被毀滅，因?yàn)閽?000萬(wàn)美元并不會(huì)比掙10美元帶來(lái)更多快樂(lè)，沒(méi)有了工作的動(dòng)力。事實(shí)上，任何事情的動(dòng)力都沒(méi)有了，因?yàn)槲覀冎绖?dòng)力反映了享受它們的能力?！笨芍?jīng)濟(jì)的支柱是工作的動(dòng)力，故C項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第二段“Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsare"good"andothersare"bad”,Infact,societyusesouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyaltymorality,prideshame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.我們對(duì)事物和事件的情感體驗(yàn)會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種社會(huì)認(rèn)同感，認(rèn)為某些事物和行為是"好的"而另一些是"壞的"。事實(shí)上，社會(huì)利用我們的情感反應(yīng)和態(tài)度，如忠誠(chéng)、道德、驕傲、羞恥、內(nèi)疚、恐懼和貪婪，來(lái)維持自身?！笨芍狟項(xiàng)“它們是維持社會(huì)認(rèn)同感的基礎(chǔ)。”正確。

5.推理判斷題。由第二段Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.True,weconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject'sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous--hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.為個(gè)體，我們會(huì)根據(jù)我們的情緒對(duì)物體進(jìn)行分類(lèi)。誠(chéng)然，我們會(huì)考慮物體的長(zhǎng)度、形狀、大小或質(zhì)地，但它對(duì)我們做了什么或能做什么更重要——傷害我們、讓我們驚訝、憤怒或高興?！笨芍矬w的情感方面能夠引導(dǎo)我們?nèi)フ{(diào)整自己的行為以便更好地適應(yīng)周?chē)沫h(huán)境。故D項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

10.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

成都是一座來(lái)了就不想走的城市。

莫貪意外之財(cái)，莫飲過(guò)量之酒。

老弱病殘?jiān)袑?zhuān)座。

作為求職者，過(guò)于隨性的穿著會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響你被錄用的幾率。

調(diào)查表明，很少有人能夠完全獻(xiàn)身于自己的事業(yè)。

【答案】Chengduisacitythatyouneversaygood-bye.

Chengduisthekindofcitythatyouwillbegreatlyfascinatedonceyouvisit.

Notakingfreemoney；Nodrinkingexcessivewine.

Donotbegreedyforwindfallsandoverdrinkyourselfeither.

Seatsarereservedforseniors,theweak,thesick，thedisabledandthepregnant.

Asajobseeker,dressingmorecasually/informallywillseriouslyaffectyouremployment.

Surveyshows/indicatesthatfewpeoplecanfullybededicatedto/bedevotedtotheirowncareer.

11.單選題

Asweareonthepointof（）someimportantbusinesswiththem,weshouldliketoknowexactlyabouttheircreditstanding.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.transmitting

B.transferring

C.transacting

D.transporting

【答案】C

【解析】句意:由于我們正準(zhǔn)備和他們進(jìn)行一些交易，所以我們想確切地了解他們的信用狀況。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)名詞形式。transmit傳播；傳送：transfer使轉(zhuǎn)移;調(diào)任;transact辦理;執(zhí)行；進(jìn)行（貿(mào)易、談判等）;transport運(yùn)輸?？崭裉幍馁e語(yǔ)是business(商業(yè)，交易)，因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。

12.單選題

Mr.Jonesholdsstrongviewsagainstvideogamesand（

）theclosingofallrecreationfacilitiesforsuchgames.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.assists

B.acknowledges

C.advocates

D.admits

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)assist表示“幫助，協(xié)助”；B項(xiàng)acknowledge表示“致謝，承認(rèn)”；C項(xiàng)advocate表示“提倡，擁護(hù)”；D項(xiàng)admit表示“承認(rèn)，容許”。根據(jù)句中against可知作者反對(duì)電子游戲，所以應(yīng)該支持closingtherecreationfacilities。句意：瓊斯先生強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)電子游戲，提倡關(guān)閉所有的電子游戲娛樂(lè)設(shè)施。故本題正確答案為C。

13.單選題

TheGermancompanyretaineda（）positioninhormoneresearch.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.chair

B.pole

C.soap

D.floor

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。A選項(xiàng)chair“椅子；講座；主席位；大學(xué)教授的職位”；B選項(xiàng)pole“桿；極點(diǎn)；電極”；C選項(xiàng)soap“肥皂；將肥皂涂在……上；對(duì)……拍馬屁”；D選項(xiàng)floor“地板，地面；樓層；基底；議員席”。poleposition指的是方程式賽車(chē)中的“竿位”，即決賽中排在第一位出發(fā)的選手?！案臀弧庇蓻Q賽前排位賽中成績(jī)最好的車(chē)手獲得。此外，poleposition還可表示“跑道內(nèi)圈；有利位置”。句意：這家德國(guó)公司在激素研究方面保持著有利地位。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Anyearthquakethattakesplaceinanyareaiscertainlyregardedasakindofa（）event.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cholesterol

B.charcoal

C.catastrophic

D.chronic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。cholesterol膽固醇;charcoal木炭，炭筆：chronic慢性的，長(zhǎng)期的；catastrophic災(zāi)難的，悲慘的。地震顯然是一種自然災(zāi)害。故C項(xiàng)正確。句意：在任何地區(qū)發(fā)生的任何地震都被認(rèn)為是一種災(zāi)難事件。

15.單選題

Nancywassurprisedthattheyhave（

）.Theyseemedtobeahappycouple.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.splitup

B.brokendown

C.fallenthrough

D.knockedout

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。splitup“分開(kāi)；離婚”；brokendown“出故障”；fallenthrough“失敗”；knockedout“使筋疲力盡；神志不清”。句意：南希很驚訝他們已離婚，因?yàn)樗麄兛瓷先ナ悄敲葱腋５囊粚?duì)。由surprised及happy對(duì)比可知，A項(xiàng)符合題意。答案A

16.單選題

Wedevelopedahighdegreeoftrustandaconsiderablepersonal（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.support

B.rapport

C.export

D.apport

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)support“支持；幫助”；B選項(xiàng)rapport“密切關(guān)系，交往”；C選項(xiàng)export“輸出，出口”；D選項(xiàng)apport“物體顯形；幻想”。句意：我們發(fā)展了高度的互相信任和不錯(cuò)的私人密切關(guān)系。因此B符合題意。

17.單選題

TheAppleProject,code-named“Titan”,employedseveralhundredpeopleworkingafewmilesfromApple’sheadquartersinCupertino,and（）autoindustryexperts.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.allowed

B.sponsored

C.gathered

D.recruited

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)allowed表示“允許，承認(rèn)，接受”，B選項(xiàng)sponsored表示“贊助，發(fā)起，籌款”，C選項(xiàng)gathered表示“聚集，集中”，D選項(xiàng)recruited表示“招聘，雇傭，招募”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空缺處缺少部分為句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。由前文關(guān)鍵信息“employedseveralhundredpeople”可知，后文也應(yīng)表示“招聘了一些自動(dòng)化專(zhuān)家”，因此本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

18.單選題

1.ImettheCanadianambassador

2.Asyoucanseefromthismap,theRockies

3.Handmethathammer

4.Didheexplain

5.Thecompanyhasannounceditsdecisiontoinvest

6.Iaskedhim

7.Wehadnosoonerarrivedinthecapital

8.Inthe1860sdetachmentsofscientificallytrainedsoldiers,

9.JWPowellwasthefirstEuropean-American

10.Itsaysinthee-mailthattheundergraduatesare

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.onthebenchbetweenthetwochairs,wouldyou?

B.toexploretheentirelengthoftheGrandCanyon.

C.anewfactoryinZhejiangtoproducehigh-qualitycement.

D.thanourentireteamhadtoreturntothedrillingsite.

E.areceptionforthevisitingofficialsfromToronto.

F.tointroduceushiscurrentresearch.

G.MountainsareamajorfactorintheclimatepatternsofwesternNorthAmerica.

H.thenwehadtoleaveagaintoattendaconference,

I.atabanquetintheGreatHallofthePeoplelastweek,

J.youhowtopreparefortheexperiment?

K.inresearchonreducingsoilpollutionnearitsproductionfacilities,

L.locatedonthetablenearthewindow,please,

M.supposedtogivemyselfaninjectionifthepainrecurs,

N.totellusabouttheprojecttheyarefunding,

O.thathehadpersonallychosen,designedanewkindofgun.

P.dominatemuchofthewesternUSandCanada.

Q.whowilleverwitnesstheeruptionofthevolcano.

R.alltogotothelecturehallat8:30tohearaspeechbytheuniversityp.resident,

S.formallyknownastopographicalengineers,weresentouttomaptheterrain,

T.toeverybodywhythemeetinghadbeencalledoff.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.onthebenchbetweenthetwochairs,wouldyou?

B.toexploretheentirelengthoftheGrandCanyon.

C.anewfactoryinZhejiangtoproducehigh-qualitycement.

D.thanourentireteamhadtoreturntothedrillingsite.

E.areceptionforthevisitingofficialsfromToronto.

F.tointroduceushiscurrentresearch.

G.MountainsareamajorfactorintheclimatepatternsofwesternNorthAmerica.

H.thenwehadtoleaveagaintoattendaconference,

I.atabanquetintheGreatHallofthePeople