考研考博-英語(yǔ)-常州工學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-常州工學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Therearealways______andreligiousdisputesbetweenIsraelandPalestine.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eligible

B.engaged

C.prone

D.prospective

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)eligible“合格的；中意的”；B選項(xiàng)engaged“使用中的；占線的”；C選項(xiàng)prone“有做……傾向的”；D選項(xiàng)prospective“預(yù)期的；前瞻性的”。句意：以色列和巴勒斯坦之間總是存在著______和宗教性的爭(zhēng)議。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，D選項(xiàng)prospective“預(yù)期的；前瞻性的”搭配disputes“爭(zhēng)議”比較合理，意思指色列和巴勒斯坦的爭(zhēng)議是遲早的事。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Alekodenied（）Mary’slittlelamb.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tosteal

B.tohavestolen

C.havingtosteal

D.stealing

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。deny“否認(rèn)，否定”，固定搭配：denydoingsth.“否認(rèn)做某事，否認(rèn)做過某事，拒絕做某事”。句意：阿萊科否認(rèn)偷了瑪麗的小羊，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Heavyfoghadcreatedanoptical（）thatmadetheoppositeshoreseemcloserthanitwas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.feature

B.property

C.illusion

D.phenomenon

【答案】C

【解析】feature特征；property性能，財(cái)產(chǎn)；illusion幻覺，錯(cuò)覺；phenomenon現(xiàn)象。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指大霧讓人們產(chǎn)生了視覺上的幻覺。選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。

4.單選題

Manysoldiershavetoremindthemselveswhentheyreturnhomenottouse（

）languageofthebarracks.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.vulgar

B.gross

C.rough

D.coarse

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)vulgar“通俗的”；B選項(xiàng)gross“惡劣的”；C選項(xiàng)rough“粗糙的”；D選項(xiàng)coarse“粗俗的，下等的”。句意：許多士兵回家后不得不提醒自己不要在軍營(yíng)里說粗話?選項(xiàng)D更符合語(yǔ)境。

5.單選題

Cancerresearchersarelearningtoreadgeneslikeacrystalballtopredicthowpatientswillrespondtocancertherapy,whowillsuffertheworstsideeffectsandwhattreatmentsmaybebestforaparticularpatient.Foreseeingtheoutcomeoftreatment,andknowingwithcertaintywhichdrugsarebestforindividualpatients,havelongbeenthegoalsofcancerresearchers.

Foratleast40years,oncologistshavepuzzledoverwhysomepatientsrespondsowelltochemotherapywhileothersobtainmodestbenefitsornoneatall.ThediscoverydecadesagothatlinkedachromosomeabnormalitytooneformofleukemiapavedthewayforthedevelopmentofthedrugGleevecbyDrukerandtheabilitytoidentifythepatientsmostlikelytobenefit.Morerecently,withthewealthofknowledgefromthehumanGenomeProject,researchershavebeenabletodevelopevenmorespecifictoolstocreategeneticprofilesoftumorsandmatchthoseprofileswiththerightdrugs.Thetoolsalsohelpdeterminewhichpatientsaremostlikelytoexperiencetheworstsideeffectsofspecifictypesofchemotherapyandguidethemtoothertreatments.

ResearchersfromtheUniversityofChicagostudiedalterationsoftheUGT1A1gene,associatedwithanincreasedchanceofchemotherapysideeffects.MarkRatainandhisteamstudied61coloncancerpatientsreceivingirinotecanandlearnedthatpatientswithalterationsofthegenelabeledas7/7weremostlikelytosufferseverelossesofwhitebloodcells.Patientswiththe6/7alterationtypehadintermediatesideeffects,andpatientswiththe6/6typehadnone.

ScientistsattheMassachusettsGeneralHospitalexaminedgenesthatnormallyhavetheabilitytorepairdamagetoDNAincellscalledXPDandXRCC1.Thenumberofvariationsinthesegenesindicateshowlongapatientislikelytosurvive.SaradaGurubhagavatulaandherteamstudiedvariationsofthesegenesin103patientsdiagnosedwithadvancednon-small-celllungcancer.Patientswithatotalofthreevariationsinthegenessurvivedamedianof6.8months;thosewithtwovariationssurvived11months;patientswithonevariationsurvived16.6months;andthosewithnovariationssurvived20.4months.Gurubhagavatulasaysthevariationscouldbeidentifiedandthosewiththeworstpredictedoutcomesputonchemotherapyregimensthatofferbetteroddsofsurvival.

ScientistsatCedars-SinaiMedicalCenterandGenomicHealthInc.havedevelopedawaytotestlungtumorforgeneticprofilesassociatedwithresponsestothenewlungcancerdrugIressa.Thedrughasbeenshowntoshrinktumorsin10%to12%ofpatientswithadvancedlungcancer.DavidAgusatCedar-Sinaifoundapatternof185genesthatareturnedoffandoninamannerthatcorrelateswithresponsetoIressaortoalackofresponse.Whenusedcommercially,thetestwilltargetpatientsmostlikelytobenefitandwillallowpatientstomakeotherchoicesifthenegativeprofileisfound.

1.Thetextismainlyabout（

）.

2.TheachievementsfromHumanGenomeProjectenableresearchersto

（

）.

3.Thepurposeoftheauthorinmentioningthethreeresearchesisto

（

）.

4.Saradaandherteamareconvincedthat

（

）.

5.Inthe3rdparagraph,theword"alteration"means（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thesearchforeffectivecancertreatmentdrugs

B.thegoalsofcancertreatment

C.thesuccessinreadinggenes

D.thecancertreatmentbyexamination

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.diagnoseachromosomeabnormalitymoreaccurately.

B.developcancertreatmentdrugslikeGleevec.

C.administercancertreatmentwithlesssideeffect.

D.comeupwithchemotherapyasaneffectivetoolforcancertreatment.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.makeacontrastiveanalysisofthem.

B.illustratetheachievementsincancertherapy.

C.presentthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthem.

D.showhowalteredgenescancausecancer.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.researchongenesoffersthemgreaterpredictivepower.

B.lungcanceriscausedbyvariationofgenes.

C.patientscansurvivelungcancerbyalteringtheirgenes.

D.chemotherapycansaveeventheworstlungcancerpatients.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.investigations

B.activities

C.predictions

D.changes

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“這篇文章的主要內(nèi)容是……”。文章第一段提到癌癥研究者正在像占卜者看水晶球一樣來閱讀基因（Cancerresearchersarelearningtoreadgeneslikeacrystalballtopredicthowpatientswillrespondtocancertherapy）；文章第二段提到研究者如何通過基因計(jì)劃提高對(duì)癌癥這類病的了解，并研究出相應(yīng)的藥物（Morerecently,withthewealthofknowledgefromthehumanGenomeProject,researchershavebeenabletodevelopevenmorespecifictoolstocreategeneticprofilesoftumorsandmatchthoseprofileswiththerightdrugs.），接下來的段落通過一些例子來說明在基因方面的成就，可知全文都是在講述基因檢測(cè)與癌癥治療，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“人類基因工程的成果讓研究者……”。文章第二段提到“研究人員能夠開發(fā)出更具體的工具來創(chuàng)建腫瘤的基因圖譜，并將這些圖譜與正確的藥物進(jìn)行匹配”（Morerecently,withthewealthofknowledgefromthehumanGenomeProject,researchershavebeenabletodevelopevenmorespecifictoolstocreategeneticprofilesoftumorsandmatchthoseprofileswiththerightdrugs），由此可知選項(xiàng)C“用副作用更少的藥物進(jìn)行治療”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“作者提及三位研究者的目的是什么”。文章第三、四、五段是為了用具體的例子來說明在人類基因工程的幫助下，在治療癌癥方面取得的成就。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“Sarada和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)認(rèn)為……”。文章第四段提到Sarada和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)研究了能夠修復(fù)DNA中受損的基因。他們的研究了103例晚期非小細(xì)胞肺癌患者的這些基因變異，她認(rèn)為這些變異可以被識(shí)別，然后把最糟糕的預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果考慮進(jìn)化學(xué)治療的實(shí)施中，從而提高生存幾率（thevariationscouldbeidentifiedandthosewiththeworstpredictedoutcomesputonchemotherapyregimensthatofferbetteroddsofsurvival），由此可以推斷選項(xiàng)A“對(duì)基因的研究提高了預(yù)測(cè)能力”符合題意。

5.詞義題。題目問的是“在第三段中，alteration的意思是……”。文章第三段第一句提到“芝加哥大學(xué)的研究人員研究了UGT1A1基因的改變，這與化學(xué)療法副作用增加有關(guān)”（ResearchersfromtheUniversityofChicagostudiedalterationsoftheUGT1A1gene,associatedwithanincreasedchanceofchemotherapysideeffects），alteration有“改變”的意思，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.單選題

We（）thatweareunabletoattendthereceptionon18September.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.regret

B.sympathize

C.beg

D.apologize

【答案】D

【解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞的用法。A選項(xiàng)regret“感到遺憾，惋惜，后悔”，B選項(xiàng)sympathize“同情，贊同，支持”，C選項(xiàng)beg“懇求，祈求，哀求”，D選項(xiàng)apologize“道歉，謝罪，認(rèn)錯(cuò)”。句意：很抱歉我們不能參加9月18日的招待會(huì)。因此，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

7.單選題

Thequalitiesofmyhometown,（）onmeasaboy,hadaprofoundeffectonthephilosophythatdirectedmycareer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.havingimpressed

B.impressed

C.impressing

D.tobeimpressed

【答案】B

【解析】考查過去分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)。填空處句子為插入語(yǔ)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)需完整，所以要用分詞或者動(dòng)名詞形成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。首先排除選項(xiàng)A和D。impress和me之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用分詞，選項(xiàng)B正確。句意：家鄉(xiāng)的文化特色給童年時(shí)代的我留下了深刻的印象，對(duì)指導(dǎo)我職業(yè)生涯的哲學(xué)思想產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。

8.單選題

Europe’searlierindustrialgrowthwas（

）bytheavailabilityofkeyresources,abundantandcheaplabor,coal,ironore,etc.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.constrained

B.remained

C.sustained

D.drained

【答案】C

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。constrain“束縛，驅(qū)使”；remain“保持”；sustain“維持”；drain“耗盡”。句意：歐洲早期的工業(yè)增長(zhǎng)使靠唾手可得的主要資源、充足而又廉價(jià)的勞動(dòng)力，煤礦、鐵礦等的支撐。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.單選題

Afterseveralnucleardisasters,a（

）hasragedoverthesafetyofnuclearenergy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.quarrel

B.suspicion

C.controversy

D.verdict

【答案】C

【解析】句意:發(fā)生幾次核災(zāi)難之后，關(guān)于核能安全的問題引發(fā)了一場(chǎng)激烈的爭(zhēng)論。

名詞辨析。quarrel吵架,口角;suspicion懷疑,疑心;controversy爭(zhēng)論,辯論;verdict（陪審團(tuán)的）裁定。故C符合句意。

10.單選題

Althoughnotaneconomisthimself,Dr.Smithhaslongbeenaseverecriticofthe（）government’spolicies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.economical

B.economy

C.economic

D.economics

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A:economical“節(jié)儉的，經(jīng)濟(jì)的；經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠的”；B:economy“經(jīng)濟(jì)；節(jié)約”；C:economic“經(jīng)濟(jì)上的，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的”；D:economics“經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)”。句意：盡管史密斯博士不是一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家，但是長(zhǎng)期以來，對(duì)政府的經(jīng)濟(jì)上的政策來說，他是一個(gè)嚴(yán)厲的評(píng)論家。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和句意可知C為正確答案。

11.翻譯題

Humansaretheonlysurvivinghominin（人亞科原人）speciesandaredistinctfromotherhomininspeciesinouruniquecombinationofcomplexmaterialculture,socialbehavior,bodilycharacteristics,andintelligence.WewillherereferonlytoanatomicallymodernhumansorHomosapiensas“humans.”Thesearepeoplewewouldcall“people”ifweweretostandeye-to-eyewithoneofthem.Toputitanotherway,ifwetraveledbackinatimemachineto200,000yearsagowewouldprobablyrecognizetheuprightwalkingbeingsashumanbeings(eventhoughtheyprobablydidnotyetuselanguageorsymbolismlikewedo),butthereisnoguaranteethatwewouldconnectthesamewaywithanythinglivingbeforethat,notnecessarilyevenwithNeanderthalswholivedsidebysidewithsomehumanpopulationsuntil30,000yearsago.Althoughsomescientistsrefertoeverythingwithinthehumangenus(Homo)as“humans,”wewillreservethattitleforourselvesonly.

【答案】人類是唯一幸存的古人類（人亞科原人）物種，與其他古人類物種不同的是，我們獨(dú)特地結(jié)合了復(fù)雜的物質(zhì)文化、社會(huì)行為、身體特征和智力。我們?cè)谶@里只將解剖學(xué)上的現(xiàn)代人或智人稱為“人類”。如果我們和他們中的一個(gè)面對(duì)面站著，我們就會(huì)稱他們?yōu)椤叭恕薄Q句話說,如果我們乘坐時(shí)光機(jī)回到200000年前我們可能會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)到作為人類直立行走的人(盡管他們可能還不像我們使用語(yǔ)言或象征意義)，但不能保證我們會(huì)以同樣的方式與之前的任何生物聯(lián)系在一起，甚至不一定是與尼安德特人，他們直到3萬年前還與一些人類生活在一起。雖然有些科學(xué)家把人類屬(人)的一切都稱為“人類”，但我們只把這個(gè)頭銜留給我們自己。

12.單選題

Studentsorteacherscanparticipateinexcursionstolovelybeachesaroundtheislandatregular（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gaps

B.rate

C.length

D.intervals

【答案】D

【解析】句意:學(xué)生或老師可以每隔一段時(shí)間就進(jìn)行一次短途旅行，到海島附近美麗的沙灘上去。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。at...rate以……速度：atintervals不時(shí)，每隔一段時(shí)間;atlength詳盡地;atgap,無此搭配。故選D。

13.單選題

Theywereaccusedof（

）tooverthrowthegovernmentandweresentencedtojail.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intrigue

B.conspiracy

C.plot

D.sin

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)intrigue“陰謀，私通”；B選項(xiàng)conspiracy“陰謀，共謀”；C選項(xiàng)plot“情節(jié)”；D選項(xiàng)sin“罪惡”。句意：他們被指控共謀推翻政府，并被判入獄。conspiracy側(cè)重于政治方面的陰謀，所以選項(xiàng)B更符合語(yǔ)境。

14.單選題

Wemustlookbeyondandassumptionsandtrytodiscoverwhatismissing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.justifications

B.illusions

C.manifestations

D.specifications

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)justifications“理由，辯護(hù)”；B選項(xiàng)illusions“幻覺，錯(cuò)覺”；C選項(xiàng)manifestations“顯示，證明”；D選項(xiàng)specifications“規(guī)格，說明書”。句意：“我們必須透過（）和假設(shè)，然后努力發(fā)覺什么東西不見了”。這里和關(guān)鍵詞assumptions對(duì)應(yīng)的只有選項(xiàng)B。

15.單選題

Forhispoorjobachievements,hisbosscomplainedthathehadn’t（

）hisresponsibilities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.livedupto

B.putupwith

C.lookedforwardto

D.goneinfor

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)liveupto“不辜負(fù)，做到”；B選項(xiàng)putupwith“忍受，容忍”；C選項(xiàng)lookforwardto“期望，期待”；D選項(xiàng)goinfor“參加，從事，追求”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“poorjobachievements差勁的工作表現(xiàn)”和“responsibilities職責(zé)”，可知空格單詞意思為“做到，完成”，句意為：對(duì)他差勁的工作表現(xiàn)，他的老板抱怨說他沒有盡到職責(zé)。故和選項(xiàng)A意思接近。

16.翻譯題

世界上最幸福的十種工作很多職場(chǎng)新人都曾夢(mèng)想找到一份理想工作，做喜歡的事，享受那份喜悅。而現(xiàn)實(shí)往往不盡人意，人們總是抱怨著自己的工作。本文為你盤點(diǎn)了十種最幸福的工作。

神職人員：最不諳世事的工作據(jù)說是最幸福的工作。

消防員：消防員的工作能給人們提供幫助，而80%的消防員都表示對(duì)自己的工作“非常滿意”。

理療師:社會(huì)互動(dòng)和幫助他人明顯使得這份工作是最幸福的工作之一。

作家：對(duì)于大多數(shù)作家來說，他們的報(bào)酬少得可憐，或者根本沒有，但是寫下自己心中所想顯然會(huì)帶來快樂。

特殊教育老師：如果你不在乎金錢，特殊教育老師這個(gè)工作或許是個(gè)幸福的職業(yè)。

教師：盡管當(dāng)前存在著教育經(jīng)費(fèi)和教室條件的問題，一般來說教師們還是感到自己的工作很幸福的。

這一職業(yè)繼續(xù)吸引著年輕的理想主義者，盡管有50%的新教師都在5年以內(nèi)選擇轉(zhuǎn)行了。

藝術(shù)家：雕刻家和畫家據(jù)稱是工作滿意度最高的職業(yè)，盡管在這一職業(yè)上謀生有著相當(dāng)大的困難。

心理學(xué)家：心理學(xué)家不一定能解決其他人的問題，但是似乎他們已經(jīng)解決了自己的問題。

金融理財(cái)銷售代理:據(jù)報(bào)道65%的金融理財(cái)銷售代理認(rèn)為自己的工作很幸福。這大概是因?yàn)樗麄冎械囊恍┤嗽谑娣霓k公環(huán)境中工作，每周工作40個(gè)小時(shí)，平均每年掙9萬多美元。

施工工程師：擺弄那些大型玩具可能是很有趣的，比如推土機(jī)、前載車、反鏟挖土機(jī)、刮土機(jī)、平地機(jī)、裝載機(jī)、起重機(jī)、大型水泵以及空氣壓縮機(jī)。同時(shí)施工工程師的工作供不應(yīng)求，這使他們感覺很幸福。

【答案】Formostauthors,thepayisridiculouslylowornon-existent,buttheautonomyofwritingdownthecontentsofyourownmindapparentlyleadstohappiness.

Despitethecurrentissueswitheducationfundingandclassroomconditions,teachersingeneralreportbeinghappywiththeirjobs.

Thecareercontinuestoattractyoungidealists,although50percentofnewteacherswillswitchtoanotherjobwithinfiveyears.

Sculptorsandpaintersaresaidtobethemostsatisfiedjob,despitethegreatdifficultyinmakingalivingfromit.

Thatcouldhavethereasonthatsomeofthemareclearingmorethan$90,000dollarsayearonaveragefora40-hourworkweekinacomfortableofficeenvironment.

17.單選題

Coalbedscontainappreciablequantitiesofmethane,theprincipalcomponentofnaturalgas.Incoaldeposits,methaneisoftendispersedthroughouttheporesandfracturesofthecoalbed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.softened

B.decayed

C.circulated

D.trickled

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.softened（使）變軟，軟化B.decayed（使）腐爛，腐朽

C.circulated（液體或氣體）環(huán)流，循環(huán)D.trickled（使）滴，淌，小股流淌

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】dispersed的意思為“（使）分散，散開”，指的是甲烷這種氣體在煤層的孔隙和裂縫循環(huán)流動(dòng)，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，circulated與之詞義相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】煤層含有大量甲烷，這是天然氣的主要成分。在煤礦床中，甲烷往往分散在煤層的孔隙和裂縫中。

18.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish

由小學(xué)到中學(xué)，所修習(xí)的無非是一些普通的基本知識(shí)。就是大學(xué)四年，所授課業(yè)也還是相當(dāng)粗淺的學(xué)識(shí)。世人常稱大學(xué)為“最高學(xué)府”，這名稱容易滋生誤解，好像過此以上即無學(xué)問可言。大學(xué)的研究所才是初步研究學(xué)問的所在，在這里做學(xué)問也只算是粗涉藩籬，注重的是研究學(xué)問的方法與實(shí)習(xí)。學(xué)無止境，一生的時(shí)間都嫌太短，所以古人皓首窮經(jīng)，頭發(fā)白了還在繼續(xù)研究，不過在這樣的研究中確有濃厚的趣味。

【答案】Fromprimarytosecondaryschool,whatwelearnisnothingmorethansomebasicknowledge.Evenduringthefouryearsofuniversity,thecoursesarestillquitesuperficial.Auniversityhasoftenbeenmisleadinglyregardedasthehighestseatoflearning,asiftherewerenothingmoretolearnbeyondit.Theresearchinstituteofauniversityistheplaceforthepreliminarystudyofknowledge,andthestudyhereisonlyaroughone,focusingontheresearchmethodandpractice.Learningisanendlessprocess,andone’slifeistooshort.Thatiswhysomeancientpeoplecontinuedtostudyevenwhentheywerehoary-headed.Theyweremotivatedbyanenormousinterestintheirstudies.

19.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

第二條：專利法所稱發(fā)明，是指對(duì)產(chǎn)品、方法或者其改進(jìn)所提出的新的技術(shù)方案。

綜上所述，原告認(rèn)為：原告與被告天津天利食品有限公司簽訂的借款合同及抵押合同合法有效，理應(yīng)全面、實(shí)際履行。

從廣義上來講，中國(guó)司法體系的機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置由三大部分組成：人民法院系統(tǒng)、人民檢察院系統(tǒng)和公安機(jī)關(guān)系統(tǒng)。

本協(xié)議經(jīng)有關(guān)雙方如期簽署后生效，有效期為一年，從2010年2月1日至2011年1月31日。

【答案】Article2:Theinventioninpatentlawreferstothenewtechnicalsolutionputforwardtoproducts,methodsandtheirimprovement.

Asawhole,theaccuserbelievethatthecontractforloanandmortgagecontract,madebytheaccuserandtheaccusedTianjinTianliFoodCo.Ltd.,areeffectiveandshouldbefulfilledentirelyandpractically.

Initsbroadsense,thestructuralestablishmentinChina’sjudicialsystemconsistsofthreemainparts,namelypeople'scourtsystem,people'sprocuratoratesystemandpublicsecurityorgansystem.

Afterbeingsignedbybothpartiesconcernedasscheduled,thecontractwillbecomevalidforoneyearfromFebruary1,2010toJanuary31,2011.

20.單選題

Itisacuriousparadoxthatwethinkofthephysicalsciencesas“hard”，thesocialsciencesas“soft”,andthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Thisisinterpretedtomeanthatourknowledgeofphysicalsystemismorecertainthanourknowledgeofbiologicalsystems,andtheseinturnaremorecertainthanourknowledgeofsocialsystems.Intermsofourcapacityofsampletherelevantuniverses,however,andtheprobabilitythatourimagesoftheseuniversesareatleastapproximatelycorrect,onesuspectsthatareverseorderismorereasonable.

Weareabletosampleearth’ssocialsystemswithsomedegreeofconfidencethatwehaveareasonablesampleofthetotaluniversebeinginvestigated.Ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries.Eventhefolkknowledgeinsocialsystemsonwhichordinarylifeisbasedinearning,spending,organizing,marrying,takingpartinpoliticalactivities,fightingandsoon,isnotverydissimilarfromthemoresophisticatedimagesofthesocialsystemderivedfromthesocialsciences,eventhoughitisbuiltupontheveryimperfectsamplesofpersonalexperience.Incontrast,ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverse,orevenifearth’sgeologicalhistory,caneasilybesubjecttorevolutionarychangesasnewdatacomeinandnewtheoriesareworkedout.Ifwedefinethe“security”ofourimageofvariouspartsofthetotalsystemastheprobabilityoftheirsufferingsignificantchanges,thenwewouldreversetheorderforhardnessandasthemostsecure,thephysicalsciencesastheleastsecure,andagainthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialrecordsofbiologicalsystems.Recordsoftheastronomicaluniverse,despitethefactthatwelearntthingsastheywerelongage,arelimitedintheextreme.

Eveninregardtosuchacloseneighborasthemoon,whichwehaveactuallyvisited,theoriesaboutitsoriginandhistoryareextremelydifferent,contradictory,andhardtochooseamong.Ourknowledgeofphysicalevolutionisincompleteandinsecure.

1.Theword“paradox”(Line1,Para.1)means“（

）”

2.Accordingtotheauthor,weshouldreverseourclassificationofthephysicalsciencesas“hard”andthesocialsciencesas“soft”because（

）.

3.Theauthorbelievesthatourknowledgeofsocialsystemsismoresecurethanthatofphysicalsystemsbecause（

）

4.Thechancesofthephysicalsciencesbeingsubjecttogreatchangesarethebiggest

because（

）

.

5.Weknowlessabouttheastronomicaluniversethanwedoaboutanysocialsystem

because（

）

.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.implication

B.contradiction

C.interpretation

D.confusion

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.areverseorderingwillhelppromotethedevelopmentofthephysicalsciences.

B.ourknowledgeofphysicalsystemsismorereliablethanthatofsocialsystems.

C.ourunderstandingofthesocialsystemsisapproximatelycorrect.

D.wearebetterabletoinvestigatesocialphenomenathanphysicalphenomena.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itisnotbasedonpersonalexperience.

B.newdiscoveriesarelesslikelytooccurinsocialsciences.

C.itisbasedonafairlyrepresentativequantityofdata.

D.therecordsofsocialsystemsaremorereliable.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.contradictorytheorieskeepemergingallthetime.

B.newinformationisconstantlycomingin.

C.thedirectionoftheirdevelopmentisdifficulttopredict.

D.ourknowledgeofthephysicalworldisinaccurate.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theoriesofitsoriginandhistoryarevaried.

B.ourknowledgeofitishighlyinsecure.

C.onlyaverysmallsampleofithasbeenobserved.

D.fewscientistsareinvolvedinthestudyofastronomy

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.paradox“矛盾，悖論”。implication“含義”；contradiction“矛盾，否認(rèn)”；interpretation“解釋”；confusion“混淆”。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.文章第二段第一句話weareabletosampleearth’ssocialsystemswithsomedegreeofconfidencethatwehaveareasonablesampleofthetotaluniversebeinginvestigated提到我們能夠在調(diào)查地球的社會(huì)體系時(shí)自信地認(rèn)為我們有整個(gè)領(lǐng)域作為合理的樣本供研究；該段倒數(shù)第二句話ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialrecordsofbiologicalsystems提到我們對(duì)于天文領(lǐng)域的研究是最不靠譜的，因?yàn)槲覀冇^察的是一個(gè)不切實(shí)際的小樣本。從這兩句話可知，研究社會(huì)知識(shí)的樣本比研究天文知識(shí)的樣本要大并且實(shí)際，所以我們能更好地去研究社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.文章第二段第二句ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries提到在社會(huì)體系中，它不太可能被新的發(fā)現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重顛覆。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.文章第二段incontrast,ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverse,orevenifearth’sgeologicalhistory,caneasilybesubjecttorevolutionarychangesasnewdatacomeinandnewtheoriesareworkedout提到我們對(duì)于天文宇宙或者地球的地理歷史的概念，當(dāng)新的數(shù)據(jù)和理論進(jìn)入時(shí)都很容易遭受革命性的變化，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.文章第二段ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialrecordsofbiologicalsystems提到我們對(duì)于天文領(lǐng)域的研究是最不靠譜的，因?yàn)槲覀冇^察的是一個(gè)不切實(shí)際的小樣本。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

21.單選題

Historianshaveonlyrecentlybeguntonotetheincreaseindemandforluxurygoodsandservicesthattookplaceineighteenth-centuryEngland.McKendrickhasexploredtheWedgwoodfirm’sremarkablesuccessinmarketingluxurypottery.Plumbhaswrittenabouttheproliferationofprovincialtheaters,musicalfestivals,andchildren’stoysandbooks.Whilethefactofthisconsumerrevolutionishardlyindoubt,threekeyquestionsremain:Whoweretheconsumers?Whatweretheirmotives?Andwhatweretheeffectsofthenewdemandforluxuries?

Ananswertothefirstofthesehasbeendifficulttoobtain.Althoughithasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproducedwhatmanufacturersandservicingtradesthoughttheircustomerswanted,onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.Westillneedtoknowhowlargethisconsumermarketwasandhowfardownthesocialscaletheconsumerdemandforluxurygoodspenetrated.Withregardtothislastquestion,wemightnoteinpassingthatThompson,whilerightlyrestoringlaboringpeopletothestageofeighteenth-centuryEnglishhistory,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral;forexample,laboringpeopleineighteenth-centuryEnglandreadilyshiftedfromhome-brewedbeertostandardizedbeerproducedbyhuge,heavilycapitalizedurbanbreweries.

Toanswerthequestionofwhyconsumersbecamesoeagertobuy,somehistorianshavepointedtotheabilityofmanufacturerstoadvertiseinarelativelyuncensoredpress.This,however,hardlyseemsasufficientanswer.MckendrickfavorsaViablemodelofconspicuousconsumptionstimulatedbycompetitionforstatus.The“middlingsort”boughtgoodsandservicesbecausetheywantedtofollowfashionssetbytherich.Again,wemaywonderwhetherthisexplanationissufficient.Donotpeopleenjoybuyingthingsasaformofself-gratification?Ifso,consumerismcouldbeseenasaproductoftheriseofnewconceptsofindividualismandmaterialism,butnotnecessarilyofthefrenzyforconspicuouscompetition.

Finally,whatweretheconsequencesofthisconsumerdemandforluxuries?McKendrickclaimsthatitgoesalongwaytowardexplainingthecomingoftheIndustrialRevolution.Butdoesit?What,forexample,doestheproductionofhigh-qualitypotteryandtoyshavetodowiththedevelopmentofironmanufactureortextilemills?Itisperfectlypossibletohavethepsychologyandrealityofaconsumersocietywithoutaheavyindustrialsector.

Thatfutureexplorationofthesekeyquestionsisundoubtedlynecessaryshouldnot,however,diminishtheforceoftheconclusionofrecentstudies:theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforfrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthormentionsMcKendrickandPlumbmostprobablyinorderto（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingitems,ifpreservedfromeighteenth-centuryEngland,wouldprovideanexampleofthekindofdocumentsmentionedinLines3-4,Paragraph2?

3.Accordingtothetext,Thompsonattributestolaboringpeopleineighteenth-centuryEnglandwhichofthefollowingattitudestowardcapitalistconsumerism?

4.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

5.Accordingtothetext,eighteenth-centuryEnglandandthecontemporaryworldofthetextreadersare（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contrasttheirviewsonthesubjectofluxuryconsumerismineighteenth-centuryEngland

B.indicatetheinadequacyofhistorio-graphicalapproachestoeighteenth-centuryEnglishhistory

C.giveexamplesofhistorianswhohavehelpedtoestablishthefactofgrowingconsumerismineighteenth-centuryEngland

D.supportthecontentionthatkeyquestionsabouteighteenth-centuryconsumerismremaintobeanswered

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Awrittenagreementbetweenasupplierofrawmaterialsandasupplierofluxurygoods.

B.Adiarythatmentionsluxurygoodsandservicespurchasedbyitsauthor.

C.Atheaterticketstampedwiththedateandnameofaparticularplay.

D.Apayrollrecordfromacompanythatproducedluxurygoodssuchaspottery.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Enthusiasm.

B.Curiosity.

C.Ambivalence.

D.Hostility.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.contrastingtwothesesandofferingacompromise

B.questioningtwoexplanationsandproposingapossiblealternativetothem

C.paraphrasingtheworkoftwohistoriansandquestioningtheirassumptions

D.examiningtwotheoriesandendorsingoneovertheother

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxuryconsumerismcouldbesaidtobewidespreadamongthesocialclasses

B.dissimilarintheirdefinitionsofluxurygoodsandservices

C.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxurygoodscouldbesaidtobestimulantofindustrialdevelopment

D.similarintheirstrongdemandforavarietyofgoodsandservices

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段，主要敘述了歷史學(xué)家開始注意到奢侈品消費(fèi)的研究，并舉例說明兩個(gè)學(xué)者的具體的研究，最后提出了三個(gè)問題。因此在第一段中提到兩個(gè)人名是為了舉例說明18世紀(jì)英格蘭消費(fèi)主義增長(zhǎng)的事實(shí)。故正確答案C。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第二段“Althoughithasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproducedwhatmanufacturersandservicingtradesthoughttheircustomerswanted,onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.盡管可以從制造商和服務(wù)行業(yè)針對(duì)他們的客戶所需要的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)中推斷出他們實(shí)際生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)，但只有對(duì)由實(shí)際消費(fèi)者撰寫的相關(guān)個(gè)人文件進(jìn)行研究，才能準(zhǔn)確地推測(cè)出什么樣的人需要什么樣的東西?！庇纱丝梢?，這里文章中提到的文件是屬于由實(shí)際消費(fèi)者撰寫的相關(guān)個(gè)人文件，因此選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第二段“Withregardtothislastquestion,wemightnoteinpassingthatThompson,whilerightlyrestoringlaboringpeopletothestageofeighteenth-centuryEnglishhistory,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral…關(guān)于最后一個(gè)問題，我們可以順便指出，雖然湯普森正確地還原了勞動(dòng)人民在英國(guó)18世紀(jì)歷史的階段，但他很可能夸大了這些人對(duì)資本主義消費(fèi)主義的反對(duì)”?？梢酝茰y(cè)勞動(dòng)人民對(duì)于消費(fèi)主義并不存在好奇心或者其他情緒，而是“反對(duì)”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】段落大意題。定位到文章第三段，首先提出了關(guān)于第一種理論模式：制造商對(duì)于奢侈品宣傳的能力。接著提出第二種理論模式：人們購(gòu)買奢侈品是受社會(huì)地位競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的驅(qū)動(dòng)。通過對(duì)兩種理論的批判，自己提出了替代性的理論認(rèn)識(shí)。故選項(xiàng)B比較符合題意。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章最后一段“Thatfutureexplorationofthesekeyquestionsisundoubtedlynecessaryshouldnot,however,diminishtheforceoftheconclusionofrecentstudies:theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforfrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld.然而，未來對(duì)這些關(guān)鍵問題的探索無疑是必要的，減少最近研究結(jié)論的力量：十八世紀(jì)英格蘭對(duì)輕浮和有用的商品和服務(wù)的貪得無厭的需求預(yù)示著我們自己的世界?！庇纱丝芍?，十八世紀(jì)的英國(guó)人和現(xiàn)代人在消費(fèi)觀上存在某些相似性，因此選項(xiàng)D正確。

22.單選題

InthefirstyearorsoofWebbusiness,mostoftheactionhasrevolvedaroundeffortstotaptheconsumermarket.Morerecently,astheWebprovedtobemorethanafashion,companieshavestartedtobuyandsellproductsandserviceswithoneanother.Suchbusiness-to-businesssalesmakesensebecausebusinesspeopletypicallyknowwh