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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京建筑大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Tenyearsoflivingwithamyotrophiclateralsclerosis,orA.L.S,progressive,paralyzingdisease,havestillednearlyeverymuscle;Dr.JulesLodishtypeswithtwitchesofhischeek,detectedbyasensorclippedtothisglasses.Butwhenpeopleaskhimhowhefeelsabouthislife,Dr.Lodish,hiseyesexpressingtheintensitydeniedtohisbody,responds:“Istilllookforwardtoday.”

A.L.S.orLouGehrig’sdisease,isoftendescribedasakindoflivingdeathin,whichthebodygoesflaccidwhilemindremainsintactandacutelyaware.Theprospectofbeingtrappedinaninertbodyandbeingtotallydependentonothersdrivesmanysuffererstosuicide.

WhenAttorneyGeneralJohnAshcroftattackedanOregonlawallowingdoctor-assistedsuicidein2001—acasethatisstillworkingitswaysthroughthelegalsystem—patientswiththediseasewereamongthosewhosupportedthelawincourt.

Butwhilethelegalcaseandmuchofthenationalattentionhavefocusedontheissueoftherighttodie,lessisknownaboutthosepatientswhowanttolive,andlikeDr.Lodish,willgotoextraordinarylengthstodoso.

Withadequatemedicalcare,patientsoftencanliveforyearsrelativelyfreeofphysicalpainfromthediseaseitself.“It’smoreasortofexistential,psychicsortofpain,”saidDr.LeoMcCluskey,aneurologistinPhiladelphiawhotreatsmanypeoplewiththedisease.

Asaresult,patientsandtheirfamiliesareforced,onadailybasis,totakestockofthemeaningandqualityoftheirlivesandtomakerepeateddecisionsabouthowmuchistoomuch.

“WithA.L.S.,youhaveachoiceaboutwhentostoptreatment,lettingnaturetakeitscourse.”saidDr.LindaGanzini,aprofessorofpsychiatryatOregonHealthandScienceUniversityinPortland,whohasstudiedpatientsmakingend-of-lifedecisions.

Whatkeepsmanypatientsalive,expertssay,isasenseofhavingunfinishedbusiness—perhapsamilestone“l(fā)ikegettingthelastkidofftocollege”saidDr.MellarP.Davis,aprofessorhematologyandmedicaloncologyattheClevelandClinic.

Thosepatientswhodobestarethosewhohaveinsurancethatcoversnursingandmedicalcare,allowingthemtoavoidsomeofthemajorhealthrisksassociatedwiththedisease,andfamilymemberswhocancoverthehourswhenexperthelpisunavailable.

Manypatients,Dr.Ganzinisaid,havedeepreligiousbeliefsthathelpsustainthem,andtheyareable,“tofindhopeinthefuture,findmeaningandtoleratethedailyongoinglossesthattheyareexperiencing.”

Dr.Lodish’sbodysitslimpinawheelchairandhistonguelolls;amachinebreathesforhimthroughatracheostomytubeinhisthroat.Helosttheabilitytotalkmorethanthreeyearsago,hesays,thenjokes,“Butnottheabilitytobeannoying.”

TherearenohalfmeasuresforDr.Lodish,ahematologistwhodevisedhisownintricatelydetailedtreatmentregimen.Hewrotea30guideforhisnursesthatsetsstandardsforasterileenvironmentthatgobeyondhospitalpractices,rulesthathavehelpedhimavoidtheinfectionsthatkillmanypatients.Whenhecouldnolongereat,hedidtheresearchtocomeupwitharecipeforthenutrientblendthatflowsdownhisfeedingtube—evendeterminingthattheingredientswerekosher—andhetypedthetwoguidetoitspreparation,twitchbytwitch,withaspecialprogramonthelaptopthathelpshimtochoosewholewordsorphrasesfromscrollinglists.

Thiswiretotheworldkeepshimconnectedtohisfamilyandfriends,andallowshimtoremainanimportantpartoftheirlives.Hecontinuestoprovidemedicalconsultation,andnowadvisespatientswithA.L.S.andtheirfamiliesonhowtoorganizetheirowncareandusethecommunicationdeviceshehasmastered.

“OneironyiswithmanypeopleIcommunicatemorenowthanwhenIwaswell,”Dr.Lodishsaid.

Byholdingon,hesaid,hehasbeenabletoseemanyoflife’smilestones,includingthemarriagesoftwoofhisthreechildren.

Whenhisolderdaughter,ElizabethLester,becamepregnantwiththefirstgrandchild,sheaskedherfathertomaketheofficialfamilyannouncement.

“Hestillplaysthesameroleforme”shesaid,“Istillconsulthimonfinancialmattersandotherkindsofthings.”

Dr.Lodishsaidthathisowndeterminationtolivecomes,inpart,fromhislongexperienceintreatingcancerpatients,whooftenfeelthatadiagnosisisadeathsentence.

1.A.L.S.isadiseasethat().

2.JulesLodish().

3.AllthefollowingarepossiblereasonswhythepatientswithA.L.S.canliveabetterlifeEXCEPT

().

4.Dr.LodishmanagestolivewithA.L.S.mainlybecausehe().

5.WhichofthefollowingtasksisNOTundertakenbyDr.JulesLodish?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.causespeopletoparalyzeinstantly

B.makeseverymusclestopmovinggradually

C.ishighlycontagiousintheUnitedStates

D.isgeneticallydeterminedandcannotbecured

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.wantstocommitsuicide

B.supportsanOregonlaw

C.determinedtolivelonger

D.isbecomingunconscious

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theyhaveinsurancethatcoversnursingandmedicalcare

B.theyhaveasenseofhavingunfinishedbusiness

C.theyhavestrongreligiousbeliefsthathelpsustainthem

D.theyhavegotastrongmentalsupportfrompeoplearound

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ishavingexperthelp

B.knowshowtocopewiththedisease

C.iswell-equippedwithadvanceddevices

D.oftencommunicateswithotherpeople

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Treatingalotofcancerpatients.

B.Devisinghisowntreatmentplan.

C.Providingmedicalconsultation.

D.Communicatingwithmanypeople.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“A.L.S,progressive,paralyzingdisease,havestillednearlyeverymuscle(A.L.S是一種漸進(jìn)性的麻痹性疾病,幾乎使每一塊肌肉都停止活動(dòng))”和第二段“A.L.S.orLouGehrig’sdisease,isoftendescribedasakindoflivingdeathin,whichthebodygoesflaccidwhilemindremainsintactandacutelyaware.(肌萎縮性側(cè)索硬化癥或盧伽雷氏癥,常被描述為一種活死人。身體會變得松弛,而頭腦卻保持完整和敏銳的意識。)”,由此可推斷出肌萎縮性側(cè)索硬化癥使肌肉病變會有一個(gè)循序漸進(jìn)的過程。A選項(xiàng)“使人立即癱瘓”說法錯(cuò)誤;B選項(xiàng)“使每一塊肌肉逐漸停止活動(dòng)”符合題意;C選項(xiàng)“在美國是高度傳染性的”和D選項(xiàng)“是由基因決定的,不能治愈”文章都沒有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Butwhenpeopleaskhimhowhefeelsabouthislife,Dr.Lodish,hiseyesexpressingtheintensitydeniedtohisbody,responds:Istilllookforwardtoday.(但當(dāng)人們問洛迪什對自己的生活有何感想時(shí),他的眼神流露出了身體所沒有的那種強(qiáng)烈感,他回答說:我仍然期待著。)”和第四段“l(fā)essisknownaboutthosepatientswhowanttolive,andlikeDr.Lodish,willgotoextraordinarylengthstodoso.(但對于那些像洛迪什醫(yī)生一樣想要活下去的病人,人們卻知之甚少。)”,由此可推斷出Dr.Lodish雖然被肌肉萎縮性側(cè)索硬化癥折磨,但他仍不失積極樂觀的心態(tài),對生活充滿期待,決定好好生活與病魔抗?fàn)幍降?。A選項(xiàng)“想自殺”說法錯(cuò)誤;B選項(xiàng)“支持俄勒岡州一項(xiàng)(允許醫(yī)生協(xié)助自殺的)法律”文章沒有提到;C選項(xiàng)“決心活得更長”符合題意;D選項(xiàng)“正在變得失去意識”說法錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第八段“Whatkeepsmanypatientsalive,expertssay,isasenseofhavingunfinishedbusiness…(專家說,讓許多病人活下來的,是一種未完的事業(yè)感……)”;第九段“Thosepatientswhodobestarethosewhohaveinsurancethatcoversnursingandmedicalcare,allowingthemtoavoidsomeofthemajorhealthrisksassociatedwiththedisease,andfamilymemberswhocancoverthehourswhenexperthelpisunavailable.(那些做得最好的病人是那些擁有涵蓋護(hù)理和醫(yī)療護(hù)理的保險(xiǎn),使他們能夠避免一些與疾病相關(guān)的主要健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的人,以及那些家庭成員在得不到專家?guī)椭鷷r(shí)可以支付時(shí)間的人。)”以及第十段“havedeepreligiousbeliefsthathelpsustainthem(許多患者都有深刻的宗教信仰,這些信仰幫助他們維持生命)”,因此A選項(xiàng)“他們有涵蓋護(hù)理和醫(yī)療的保險(xiǎn)”;B選項(xiàng)“他們有一種未完的事業(yè)感”以及C選項(xiàng)“他們有強(qiáng)烈的宗教信仰來支持他們”在文中都有提到,只有D選項(xiàng)“他們從周圍的人那里得到了強(qiáng)大的精神支持”文章沒有提及,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第十三段“Thiswiretotheworldkeepshimconnectedtohisfamilyandfriends,andallowshimtoremainanimportantpartoftheirlives.(這條與世界相連的線讓他與家人和朋友保持聯(lián)系,讓他成為他們生活中重要的一部分。)”以及第十四段“OneironyiswithmanypeopleIcommunicatemorenowthanwhenIwaswell(具有諷刺意味的是,我現(xiàn)在和很多人交流的次數(shù)比我健康時(shí)還多)”,由此可知Dr.Lodish與病魔作斗爭是通過經(jīng)常與他人溝通交流,分享生命中的點(diǎn)滴。A選項(xiàng)“正在接受專家的幫助”;B選項(xiàng)“知道如何對付這種疾病”;C選項(xiàng)“配備了先進(jìn)的設(shè)備”都不是主要原因,只有D選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)常與他人交流”符合題意,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第十二段“whodevisedhisownintricatelydetailedtreatmentregimen.(他設(shè)計(jì)了自己復(fù)雜而詳細(xì)的治療方案。)”;第十三段“Thiswiretotheworldkeepshimconnectedtohisfamilyandfriends,andallowshimtoremainanimportantpartoftheirlives.Hecontinuestoprovidemedicalconsultation…(這條與世界相連的線讓他與家人和朋友保持聯(lián)系,讓他成為他們生活中重要的一部分。他繼續(xù)提供醫(yī)療咨詢……)”,由此可知B選項(xiàng)“制定自己的治療方案”;C選項(xiàng)“提供醫(yī)療咨詢”和D選項(xiàng)“與許多人交流”說法正確,文章都有提及,而A選項(xiàng)“治療了很多癌癥患者”可定位到文章最后一段“Dr.Lodishsaidthathisowndeterminationtolivecomes,inpart,fromhislongexperienceintreatingcancerpatients,whooftenfeelthatadiagnosisisadeathsentence.(洛迪什說,他自己想活下去的決心,在一定程度上來自于他長期治療癌癥患者的經(jīng)驗(yàn),這些患者常常覺得確診就等于判了死刑。)”,該段落只說了Dr.Lodish想活下去的決心來自治療癌癥患者的經(jīng)驗(yàn),并沒有直接說他治療了很多癌癥患者,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意,A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Evenwhentextbooksare______throughaschoolsystem,methodsofteachingmayvarygreatly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.commonplace

B.standardized

C.competitive

D.generalized

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)commonplace“平凡的,普通的”;B選項(xiàng)standardized“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的”;C選項(xiàng)competitive“競爭的,比賽的”;D選項(xiàng)generalized“普遍的,廣泛的”。根據(jù)Even可知空格與varygreatly的意思相反,因此選B。句意:即使教科書通過學(xué)校系統(tǒng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化,教學(xué)方法也可能有很大的不同。

3.單選題

Plagiarismiswidelyrecognizedasahighcrimeagainsttheprojectofscience,buttheexplanationsforwhyit’sharmfulgenerally(1)itlooklikeadifferentkindofcrimethanfabricationandfalsification.(2),KennethD.Pimpleclaimsthatplagiarismisnotan

(3)

thatunderminestheknowledge-buildingprojectofscience.Rather,thecrimeisindeprivingotherscientistsoftherewardtheyare

(4)

forparticipatinginthisknowledge-buildingproject.

(5)

,Pimplesaysthatplagiarismisproblematicnotbecauseitisdishonest,butratherbecauseitisunfair.

WhileIthinkPimpleisrighttoidentifyanadditionalcomponentofresponsibleconductofscience

(6)

honesty,namely,acertainkindoffairnesstoone’s

(7)

scientists.Ialsothinkthisanalysisofplagiarismmissesanimportant

(8)

inwhichmisrepresentingthesourceofwords,ideas,methods,orresultscan

(9)

theknowledge-buildingprojectofscience.

Onthesurface,plagiarism,while

(10)

nastytothepersonwhosereportisbeingstolen,mightseemnottounderminethescientificcommunity’s

(11)

ofthephenomena.Wearestill,afterall,bringingtogetherand

(12)

anumberofdifferentobservationreportstodeterminethestablefeaturesofourexperienceofthephenomenon.

(13)

thiscomparisonofteninvolvesadialogueaswell.Aspartoftheknowledge-buildingproject,fromtheearliestplanningoftheirexperimentstowellafterresultsarepublished,scientistsare

(14)

inaskingandansweringquestionsaboutthedetailsoftheexperienceandoftheconditions

(15)

whichthephenomenonwasobserved.Misrepresentingsomeoneelse’shonestobservationreportasone’sownstripsthereportofaccurateinformationforsuchadialogue.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.make

B.get

C.have

D.help

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Therefore

B.Sofar

C.However

D.Forexample

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.excuse

B.ideology

C.object

D.offense

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.competing

B.attracted

C.due

D.craving

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Ontheotherhand

B.Inotherwords

C.Byandby

D.Inthemeanwhile

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.besides

B.towards

C.except

D.for

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.fellow

B.rival

C.team

D.peer

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.chance

B.way

C.reason

D.base

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.stimulate

B.construct

C.undermine

D.assess

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.surprisingly

B.accordingly

C.potentially

D.necessarily

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.knowledge

B.discovery

C.creation

D.evaluation

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.presenting

B.comparing

C.submitting

D.producing

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.So

B.While

C.But

D.And

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.devoted

B.scheduled

C.committed

D.engaged

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.under

C.for

D.around

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:C

第10題:C

第11題:D

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:D

第15題:B

【解析】(1)考察動(dòng)詞辨析。make使;get到達(dá),獲得;have擁有;help幫助。句意:剽竊被廣泛認(rèn)定為是對科研項(xiàng)目的犯罪,但對其為何有害的解釋使它看上去不同于偽造和篡改這兩種行為。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

(2)考察邏輯連接詞。Therefore于是(表示結(jié)果);Sofar到目前為止(表示時(shí)間);However然而(表示轉(zhuǎn)折);Forexample例如,比如(舉例說明)。句意:例如,KennethD.Pimple聲稱…選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

(3)考察名詞辨析。excuse借口;ideology思想意識;object物體,目標(biāo);offense冒犯行為。句意:KennethD.Pimple聲稱剽竊不是破壞科學(xué)知識建構(gòu)的一種冒犯行為。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

(4)考察形容詞辨析。competing競爭的,抵觸的;attracted被吸引的;due應(yīng)得的,預(yù)期的;craving渴望的。句意:剽竊這種行為剝奪了其他科學(xué)家從事知識構(gòu)建應(yīng)得的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

(5)考察邏輯連接詞。Ontheotherhand另一方面;Inotherwords換一句話說;Byandby遲早;Inthemeanwhile與此同時(shí)。句意:換句話說,Pimple以為剽竊的問題不在于該行為不誠實(shí),而是不公平。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

(6)考察介詞辨析。besides除……之外還有;towards朝向……;except除了……以外(不包括后面所提到的內(nèi)容或事物);for為了。句意:除了誠實(shí)這一組成要素外,我認(rèn)為Pimple指出了負(fù)責(zé)任的科研行為的其他額外組成部分。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

(7)考察名詞辨析。fellow同伴;rival對手;team團(tuán)隊(duì);peer同齡人。句意:負(fù)責(zé)任的科研行為的另一方面就是對科研同伴的公平。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

(8)考察名詞辨析。chance機(jī)會;way方式,方法;reason原因;base基礎(chǔ)。句意:我還認(rèn)為Pimple對剽竊的分析遺漏了很重要的一個(gè)方面。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

(9)考察動(dòng)詞辨析。stimulate激發(fā);construct建造;undermine損害;assess評估。句意:對某些詞語、觀點(diǎn)、方法和結(jié)果的歪曲會損害科學(xué)知識的建構(gòu)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

(10)考察副詞辨析。surprisingly令人驚奇地;accordingly相應(yīng)地;potentially可能地,潛在地;necessarily有必要地。句意:對那些被剽竊者來說,剽竊行為可能會令其厭煩。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

(11)考察名詞辨析。knowledge知識;discovery發(fā)現(xiàn);creation創(chuàng)造;evaluation評價(jià)。句意:但從表面看,剽竊行為似乎并沒有傷害到整個(gè)科研群體對這一現(xiàn)象的評價(jià)。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

(12)考察動(dòng)名詞辨析。presenting展示,顯示;comparing比較;submitting提交;producing生成。句意:我們?nèi)匀粫褞讉€(gè)不同的觀察報(bào)告放到一起比較來判斷我們所觀察到的一些現(xiàn)象的穩(wěn)定特征。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

(13)考察邏輯連接詞。so因此;while然而;but但是;and并且。句意:……但是這種比較也涉及(研究者之間的)對話。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

(14)考察動(dòng)詞辨析。devoted“致力于”,常用于bedevotedtodoing結(jié)構(gòu);scheduled安排,計(jì)劃;committed承諾;engaged從事。句意:從最初的實(shí)驗(yàn)計(jì)劃到后來實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的頒布,科學(xué)家們一直都在針對實(shí)驗(yàn)的細(xì)節(jié)和觀察到現(xiàn)象時(shí)的條件狀況進(jìn)行問答。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

(15)考察介詞辨析。with和…;under在…之下;for為了…;around在…周圍。under…conditions為固定搭配;句意:……觀察到某種現(xiàn)象時(shí)的條件狀況。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

4.單選題

Theprimeminister’sproposalfornewtaxescreatedsucha(an)(

)thathisgovernmentfell.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sensation

B.upheaval

C.withdrawal

D.outbreak

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)sensation“轟動(dòng)”;B選項(xiàng)upheaval“動(dòng)亂,劇變”;C選項(xiàng)withdrawal“撤退”;D選項(xiàng)outbreak“爆發(fā)”。

句意:首相的新稅提案造成了如此大的動(dòng)蕩,以至于他的政府垮臺了。根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可知,選項(xiàng)B更符合語境。

5.單選題

PeoplewillinsistthatwatchingTV()children’simaginations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.blunders

B.blunts

C.blushes

D.blends

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)blunders“犯大錯(cuò);誤入某地”;B選項(xiàng)blunts“減弱;使遲鈍”;C選項(xiàng)blushes“臉紅;感到羞愧”;D選項(xiàng)blends“使混合;使交融”。句意:人們會堅(jiān)持說看電視……了兒童的想象力。前因是watchingTV“看電視”;后果是阻礙了children’simaginations“兒童的想象力”。在所有選項(xiàng)中只有blunt有減弱,使遲鈍的意思。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Inthosedays,executiveexpectedtospendmostoftheirlivesinthesamefirmand,unlesstheyweredismissedfor()toretireattheageof65.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.integrity

B.denial

C.incompetence

D.deduction

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)integrity“完整,正直”,B項(xiàng)denial“否認(rèn),拒絕”,C項(xiàng)incompetence“無資格,無能力”,D項(xiàng)deduction“扣除,減除”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞dismissed(解雇)可知,只有C項(xiàng)可以成為被解雇的原因。句意:在那些日子里,高管們希望在同一家公司度過他們的大部分生命,除非他們因?yàn)闊o能而被解雇,否則他們將在65歲退休。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

ThedilemmaIwascaughtinseveralyearsagobearsaclose()totheoneyouareinvolvedintoday,soperhapsIcangiveyousomeadvice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.likeness

B.resemblance

C.analogy

D.familiarity

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:likeness“相像;相似物;樣子”;B:resemblance“相似性”;C:analogy“類比,類似”;D:familiarity“熟悉,精通”。句意:幾年之前我經(jīng)歷的困境和你現(xiàn)在所處的困境是極其相似的,所以也許我能給你一些建議。結(jié)合此處語境,談及到兩者具有相似性,因此B為正確答案。

8.單選題

Her(

)mannerembarrassedtheothersattheparty.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.affable

B.tractable

C.sapid

D.gauche

【答案】D

【解析】affable和藹可親的,友善的;tractable易于管教的,易駕馭的;sapid有滋味的,有趣的;gauche笨拙的,粗魯?shù)模簧平浑H的。句意:她在聚會上笨拙的舉止使其他人感到很尷尬。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

9.單選題

Shehadclearlyno()ofdoinganywork,althoughshewasverywellpaid.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tendency

B.ambition

C.intention

D.willingness

【答案】C

【解析】句意:雖然給她的報(bào)酬豐厚,但她無意去工作。

考查名詞辨析。Tendency(事物發(fā)展的)傾向,趨勢,常和to或towards搭配,不修飾人;ambition抱負(fù),志向,常和不定式或介詞of搭配;intention打算,意圖,目的,常和不定式或介詞of搭配;willingness樂意,心甘情愿。因此C無論從語義還是從搭配上都符合題目要求。

10.填空題

TheBritishgovernmentturnsitsattentiontothedirestateofvocationaltraining.Budgetcutsareneverpleasant.Yetthepastfewyearshavebeenparticularlyhard,saysGerryMcDonald,thechiefexecutiveofNewCityCollegeineastLondon.(71)

Since1990,fundingforprimaryandsecondaryschoolshassoared.(72)Buttherehasbeennosuchincreaseincashforfurthereducation,themostlyvocationalcoursesforover-16s.

OnMarch8thPhilipHammond,thechancellor,turnedhisattentiontothesector.Afterannouncingfundingtopavethewayfornewselectivegrammarschools,hepromisedabiginjectionofcashforfurthereducationandconfirmedashake-upofthechaoticwayinwhichitisorganized.By2022,collegeswillgetanadditional£500m($600m)ayear,a19%increaseinthe16-to19-year-oldvocational-educationbudget.

Britainhashistoricallyputlittleemphasisonfurthereducation.(73)Thatmayhelpexplainwhyproductivitygrowthhasstalled,andwhyBritishyoungstersarelessliterateandnumeratethantheirpeersinotherrichcountries.

Employersmoanthatskilledworkersarescarce,especiallyinindustrieslikeengineeringandIT.Thesectorhasstruggledwithshoddyqualifications.Thesixinten18-year-oldswhodonottakeA-levels,academicschool-leavingqualifications,arepoorlyservedbyahotchpotchofsome13,000coursesofvaryingquality.

In2015,thegovernmentcommissionedLordSainsburytoexaminethestateoftechnicaleducationinEngland.(74)Manyofthecoursesaretoobasictobeofmuchuse.Mr.Hammondnowaimstoclearupthismuddle.

FollowingLordSainsbury’srecommendations,thegovernmentwillintroduce15subjectareas,groupingtogethertopicssuchassocialcareortransportandlogistics.Studentswillworktowards“T-levels”(for“technical”),developedwithfirms.(75)Theextrafundingwillprovidemoreworkplacements.Andthosewhogoontotakedegree-equivalentqualificationswillhaveaccesstoloanstocoverthecostofliving.

A.Universitieshavebeengiventherighttoraisetheirincomesbylevyingtuitionfeesonstudents.

B.Hisinstitutionistheresultofamergerofthreelocalcollegesthathavepooledresourcesinthepastyearpartlytocutcosts.

C.Hisreport,publishedin2016,despairedthatawannabeplumberhadtochoosebetween33qualifications,offeredatthreedifferentlevels,byfiveawardingorganizations.

D.Organizationswillcompetefortherighttoawardthequalification.

E.In2012itplaced16thoutof20membercountriesoftheOECDinarankingoftheproportionof20-to45-year-oldswhofinishededucationwithavocationalqualification.

F.Somewouldratherthereformsofferedabroadereducationtothosegoingdownavocationalpath,withmoreofafocusonensuringcompetencyinmathsandEnglish.

【答案】71.B

72.A

73.E

74.C

75.D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.Universitieshavebeengiventherighttoraisetheirincomesbylevyingtuitionfeesonstudents.A.大學(xué)被賦予通過向?qū)W生征收學(xué)費(fèi)來提高收入的權(quán)利。

B.Hisinstitutionistheresultofamergerofthreelocalcollegesthathavepooledresourcesinthepastyearpartlytocutcosts.B.他的機(jī)構(gòu)是由三所當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)院合并而成的,這些學(xué)院在過去的一年里集中了資源,部分原因是為了削減成本。

C.Hisreport,publishedin2016,despairedthatawannabeplumberhadtochoosebetween33qualifications,offeredatthreedifferentlevels,byfiveawardingorganizations.C.他在2016年發(fā)表的報(bào)告中,對一個(gè)想當(dāng)水管工的人必須在五個(gè)授予機(jī)構(gòu)提供的三個(gè)不同級別的三十三個(gè)資格證書中做出選擇感到絕望。

D.Organizationswillcompetefortherighttoawardthequalification.D.各組織將為授予學(xué)歷的權(quán)利而競爭。

E.In2012itplaced16thoutof20membercountriesoftheOECDinarankingoftheproportionof20-to45-year-oldswhofinishededucationwithavocationalqualification.E.2012年,在經(jīng)合組織二十個(gè)成員國中,在完成教育并獲得職業(yè)資格的二十至四十五歲的人的比例排名中,它名列第十六位。

F.Somewouldratherthereformsofferedabroadereducationtothosegoingdownavocationalpath,withmoreofafocusonensuringcompetencyinmathsandEnglish.F.一些人希望改革能夠?yàn)槟切┳呱下殬I(yè)道路的人提供更廣泛的教育,更加注重確保數(shù)學(xué)和英語的能力。

71.【考查點(diǎn)】上下文關(guān)聯(lián)。

【解題思路】第一段說到“預(yù)算削減(Budgetcuts)從來不是令人愉快的?!?,介紹了英國職業(yè)培訓(xùn)方面預(yù)算削減的情況,B選項(xiàng)中的“cutcosts(削減成本)”和上文的“Budgetcuts(預(yù)算削減)”相對應(yīng)。因此B選項(xiàng)“他的機(jī)構(gòu)是由三所當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)院合并而成的,這些學(xué)院在過去的一年里集中了資源,部分原因是為了削減成本?!闭_。

72.【考查點(diǎn)】上下文關(guān)聯(lián)。

【解題思路】本段說到“對中小學(xué)(primaryandsecondaryschools)的資助大幅增加。但是用于繼續(xù)教育(furthereducation)的資金卻沒有增加?!?,介紹了政府對不同類型學(xué)校的資金資助情況,A選項(xiàng)中的“Universities(大學(xué))”也屬于一種學(xué)校類型。因此A選項(xiàng)“大學(xué)被賦予通過向?qū)W生征收學(xué)費(fèi)來提高收入的權(quán)利?!闭_。

73.【考查點(diǎn)】上下文關(guān)聯(lián)。

【解題思路】上文說到“英國歷來很少重視(putlittleemphasison)繼續(xù)教育。”,E選項(xiàng)中的“在二十個(gè)成員國中名列第十六位”就是這一情況帶來的結(jié)果。因此E選項(xiàng)“2012年,在經(jīng)合組織二十個(gè)成員國中,在完成教育并獲得職業(yè)資格的二十至四十五歲的人的比例排名中,它名列第十六位?!闭_。

74.【考查點(diǎn)】上下文關(guān)聯(lián)。

【解題思路】上文說到“2015年,政府委托塞恩思伯里勛爵調(diào)查英格蘭的技術(shù)教育狀況?!?,C選項(xiàng)中的“Hisreport,publishedin2016(他在2016年發(fā)表的報(bào)告)”和上文的“2015年”相對應(yīng)。因此C選項(xiàng)“他在2016年發(fā)表的報(bào)告中,對一個(gè)想當(dāng)水管工的人必須在五個(gè)授予機(jī)構(gòu)提供的三個(gè)不同級別的三十三個(gè)資格證書中做出選擇感到絕望。”正確。

75.【考查點(diǎn)】上下文關(guān)聯(lián)。

【解題思路】下文說到“而那些繼續(xù)獲得同等學(xué)歷(qualifications)的人將獲得貸款以支付生活成本?!保纱丝芍崭裉帒?yīng)該再說為學(xué)生提供學(xué)歷,D選項(xiàng)中的“awardthequalification(授予學(xué)歷)”和上文的“goontotakedegree-equivalentqualifications(繼續(xù)獲得同等學(xué)歷)”相對應(yīng)。因此D選項(xiàng)“各組織將為授予學(xué)歷的權(quán)利而競爭。”正確。

11.翻譯題

Scientistsaresearchingforwaystodestroynuclearweaponsinspace-tomakenuclearweaponspowerlessandnolongeruseful.Thishasbecomeknownas"StarWars".(1).SupportersoftheStarWardefensesystemhopethatthiswouldnotonlyprotectanationagainstanactualnuclearattack,butwouldbeenoughofathreattokeepanuclearwarfromeverhappening.

(2).OpponentsofStarWarsareworriedthatsuchasystemmightintroducenuclearweaponsintoouterspaceandmightnotcompletelyprotectthenationagainstattack.Somemissilesmight"leakthrough"theStarWarsdefenses.Orthecomputersthatrunthesystemmightnotworkproperly.Suchadefensesystem,theysay,mightalsobeusedtoattackothers.Anditmightnotstopthebuildupofground-basednuclearweapons.

Hopefully,anuclearwarwillneverbegin.But,insuchanevent,couldpeoplereallyprotectthemselves?SupportersofStarWarsbelievethatlaserweaponsarethekeytodefense.(3).Butcanlaserbeamsbedevelopedinsuchawaytodestroyattackingmissilesinspace?Lasersarenotnew.Theyhavebeenaroundforover25years.Theyinvolvethefollowingprocess:(4).Atomsofcertainsubstancesarestimulated,orexcited,byaburstofenergyfromoutside.Theexcitedatomsthenproducewavesoflight.Theselightwavestravelupanddownalaserrodandexcite,orstimulate,otheratoms.Whenaparticularenergylevelisreached,thelaserrodproducesastrong,narrowbeamofradiation.Mostlasersgiveoffvisiblelight,buttheycanbebuilttoproduceheatradiationorevenX-rayradiation.

Becauseoftheintensityandnarrownessoftheirbeams,laserscanbeputtothousandsofuses.Laserbeamshavebeenbouncedoffthemoon.Theycancutthroughdiamondorsteel.Theyareusedbydoctorsfordelicatesurgery-suchasrepairingdamagedeyes.Andlasersarealsousedasweapons.(5).Theycangiveartilleryanaccuracyassharpasthepointofapin.Theycanalso"blind"electronicsystemsinplanes,tanksandships.Thismeansthatthoseelectronicsystemscannolongereffectivelyfindanddestroytheirtargets.

ReadthepassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

【答案】1.星球大戰(zhàn)防御系統(tǒng)的支持者希望這不僅能使一個(gè)國家免受真正的核攻擊,而且還足以形成一種威懾,使得核戰(zhàn)爭永遠(yuǎn)不會發(fā)生。

2.星球大戰(zhàn)計(jì)劃的反對者則擔(dān)心此系統(tǒng)可能會將核武器引進(jìn)外太空,而且可能也不能完全保護(hù)該國家免受核武器的攻擊。

3.但是,能以這種方式把激光束發(fā)展到可以摧毀太空中的攻擊導(dǎo)彈嗎?

4.特定物質(zhì)的原子受到外界爆發(fā)的能量的刺激或激發(fā)。然后,這些被激發(fā)的原子就產(chǎn)生光波。

5.它們可以使大炮的誤差精確到大頭針針尖的大小。它們也可以使飛機(jī)、坦克和軍艦上的電子系統(tǒng)處于"失明"狀態(tài)。

12.單選題

Whetheryoulivetoeatoreattolive,foodisamajor()ineveryfamily’sbudget.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nutrition

B.expenditure

C.routine

D.provision

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)nutrition表示“營養(yǎng);營養(yǎng)學(xué);營養(yǎng)品”;B選項(xiàng)expenditure表示“支出,花費(fèi);經(jīng)費(fèi),消費(fèi)額”;C選項(xiàng)routine表示“程序;日常工作;例行公事”;D選項(xiàng)provision表示“規(guī)定;條款;準(zhǔn)備;供應(yīng)品”。根據(jù)句意可知,食物在每個(gè)家庭的預(yù)算中都是主要的支出,因此B選項(xiàng)最符合句意。故本題正確答案為B。

13.單選題

Shetriedtogetacopyofthe(

),sothatshecouldcookthedishherself.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.menu

B.prescription

C.recipe

D.instruction

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。menu意為“菜單”;prescription意為“處方,藥方”;recipe意為“食譜”;instruction意為“操作指南,指示,命令”。由后半句shecouldcookthedishherself(她可以自己做飯)可知選C。

句意:她試著要一份食譜,這樣她就可以自己做飯了。

14.單選題

Anydriverstoppedbythepoliceforsomeminortraffic(

)canbeaskedtotakeatestforalcoholicdrinking.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.violation

B.accident

C.congestion

D.problem

【答案】A

【解析】violation違反,妨礙,侵害;accident意外,事故;congestion擁擠,擁塞。句意:任何因輕微交通違章被警察攔下的司機(jī)都可以被要求做酒精測試。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

15.單選題

Wewillsee()thechildrenareproperlyeducated.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tothem

B.tothat

C.toitwhether

D.toitthat

【答案】D

【解析】考查語法。seetoitthat“確保,務(wù)必”,句意:我們必須確保孩子們是被正確地教育的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

16.單選題

Whatisalifestyleandhowisthatdifferentfromalife?Alifestyleisaboutbrand(1)andbuyingidentityorfame.Lifestylegivesa(2)ofpeaceandacceptabilitythatcomesfromothersrecognizingwhatyou’vebought.Ifyourcarandclothesareexpensive,thenyoureceivethesuperficial(3)ofothers.

Alife,(4)isverydifferent.Alifeiswhatyouleadwhenyouknowwhat(5)mosttoyou.Yourself-esteemcomesfromwhat’sinsideyou.Itcomesfrombeingconnectedtowhatyouknowisimportant,andbeing(6)toputthatfirstnomatterwhatothersmaythink.

Howmanytimeshaveyouseensomeonework(7)hoursinajobthattheydonotenjoyjusttobeableto(8)anexpensivelifestyle?TherewasarecentcommercialonTVthatshowedamanlaughinginhisyardsaying:“Idriveanexpensivecar,havea5bedroomhome,acountryclubmembership,aswimmingpoolandI’mindebt(9)myeyeballs!”

Lifestyleisexpensivebecauseit(10)agreatdealtodowhatyouthinkissocially(11).Alifeisnotexpensive.Ratherthan(12)personalorfinancialresources,alifegenerates(13)andpower.Thisisnotanissueof(14)luxuryforitsownsake;it’saboutliberatingyourselffromthe(15)consumptionthatsocietydictates.Itisaboutmakingthechoicesthatare(16)yourvalues.

Howcanyoumakethechange?Understandthe(17)betweenaLife(beingdirectedfromwithin)andaLifestyle(beingdirectedfromoutside).Analyzeyourcurrentlifestyletosee(18)iscostingyouinmoney,timeandenergytokeepit.Letgoand(19)whatisreallyimportanttoyou,what(20)youandbringsyoujoy.Rememberwhoyouarefromwithin,notwhatyouown!

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.symbols

B.titles

C.names

D.labels

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.sense

B.reason

C.status

D.case

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.jealousy

B.criticism

C.gratitude

D.approval

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.inotherwords

B.atthesametime

C.asaresult

D.ontheotherhand

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.refers

B.matters

C.holds

D.works

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.generous

B.relieved

C.willing

D.grateful

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.limited

B.only

C.long

D.fair

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.maintain

B.appreciate

C.tolerate

D.reform

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.upto

B.equalto

C.downto

D.relevantto

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.means

B.spends

C.proves

D.costs

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.believable

B.reliable

C.comfortable

D.acceptable

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.collecting

B.draining

C.dismissing

D.spreading

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.kindness

B.knowledge

C.energy

D.beauty

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.buying

B.losing

C.avoiding

D.counting

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.mindless

B.effortless

C.selfless

D.careless

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.inlinewith

B.incomparisonwith

C.incontrastwith

D.intouchwith

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.balance

B.space

C.difference

D.connection

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.when

B.why

C.that

D.what

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.makeupfor

B.makeuseof

C.makepeacewith

D.makeroomfor

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.sustains

B.detains

C.obtains

D.contains

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:C

第8題:A

第9題:A

第10題:D

第11題:D

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:C

第15題:A

第16題:A

第17題:C

第18題:D

第19題:D

第20題:A

【解析】1.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)symbols“符號;標(biāo)志”;B選項(xiàng)titles“主題;標(biāo)題”;C選項(xiàng)names“名字;名望”;D選項(xiàng)labels“標(biāo)簽;標(biāo)記”。句意:生活方式是關(guān)于品牌()和換取身份或名聲。根據(jù)第一段第三句peaceandacceptabilitythatcomesfromothersrecognizingwhatyou’vebought(別人認(rèn)可你買的東西帶來的平靜和被接納),可知橫線指的是brand“品牌”帶來的好處,故names“名望”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sense“感覺;道理”

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