考研考博-英語-曲阜遠(yuǎn)東職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-曲阜遠(yuǎn)東職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

We（）thathecannotfinishtheworkbeforeJune15.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prosecute

B.meddle

C.presume

D.mingle

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析。句意：我們他不能在六月十五號之前完成工作。prosecute起訴；meddle干涉；presume假設(shè)，認(rèn)為；mingle使混合，與……交往。因此，C項(xiàng)符合句意。

2.單選題

Giventheotherconstitutionalgroundselaboratedbythejustices,theassociation（）thatschoolsshouldcontinuetotest,iftheysochoose.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.preserves

B.safeguards

C.maintains

D.conserves

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)preserve“保護(hù)、保存”；B選項(xiàng)safeguard“保護(hù)、保衛(wèi)”；C選項(xiàng)maintain“維護(hù)、維持”；D選項(xiàng)conserve“保存、保護(hù)”，句意為：考慮到法官們闡述的其他憲法依據(jù)，協(xié)會堅持認(rèn)為，如果學(xué)校選擇繼續(xù)進(jìn)行考試的話，他們應(yīng)該繼續(xù)進(jìn)行考試。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.單選題

Protozoanlocomotionsharessomeofthebasicmechanismsofmolecularcontractionencounteredinthefunctioningoftheflagellaandciliaofhigheranimals.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reproduction

B.digestion

C.movement

D.compartment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)reproduction“繁殖”；B選項(xiàng)digestion“消化”；C選項(xiàng)movement“運(yùn)動”；D選項(xiàng)compartment“區(qū)劃”。句意：原生動物的運(yùn)動與高等動物的鞭毛和纖毛的功能有一些相同的分子收縮的基本機(jī)制。劃線部分locomotion是運(yùn)動的意思。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Mymotherraisedmeasbestasshecould,takingonoddjobsintheneighborhoodformoney.Stillwithoutafathertotellmehowtoactandwhatwasexpectedofme,Ifeltlost.IwanderedforyearsandgotinvolvedwithtoughguysontheEastSideofNewYork.Theywouldfightmadlyoveradroppedcoin.Theywouldstealtogetwhattheywanted.Iwantedtobelikethem.

ItwasluckyformethatIleftthecityandenteredaworldofdiscipline,afterfollowingmymother’sadvice.Duringthreeyearsofmilitaryservice,Ihadtimetorethinkmylife,andmythoughtsoftenrantomymother.IrealizedsuddenlyjusthowmuchofaheartacheImusthavebeentoher,howlittleIhadnoticedhersuffering.Whenmyfatherleftthisworld,mymotherwascompletelyalone.Tosupportus,mymothercleanedapartmentsandtookinwashingandironingfromtheneighbors.Andassheworkedhardatthislabor,shekeptherheadhigh.Eachweekshewouldbringapileofbookshomefromthelibraryandreadtous.Mymotherhadwantednothingmorethanformetoturnintoanhonestresponsibleman.ButIhadactedagainsther.Finally,almosttoolateIhadthesensetofeelshame.

TenyearspassedandIreturnedtotheapartmentontheEastSide.IknewIwouldn’tfallbackinwiththewrongpeople,althoughIstillwasn’tsurewhereIwasheading.Mymother,Icouldtellwasworriedaboutme.Inmyneighborhood,tobecomeapoliceofficerorafirefighterwasamarkofsignificantsocialsuccessandachievement.Formeitwasanopportunityforarealstartinlife.IwonderedifIwasuptoit,butIknewthatitwastimetotry.WhenIfoundmyselfinthebighallraisingmyhandstotakethefirefighter’soathofoffice,mymotherwassittingafewrowsbehindwithasmileofrelief.SheknewthatatlastIwasoffonlife’sroadandmovingsteadily.Hersmilesaid,“Myjobisfinallydone.”

1.Fromthisstory,wemayguessthattheEastSideofNewYorkmustbea（）area.

2.Theauthorusedtobehavehimself（）.

3.Fromthecontext,weunderstandthat“oddjobs”inthefirstparagraphrefertojobs（）.

4.Inthefirstsentenceofthesecondparagraph,theauthorsays“Itwasluckyformethat...”Theluckyexperiencehetalksabouthereishisexperienceof（）.

5.WhatisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.commercial

B.rich

C.poor

D.distant

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.oddly

B.toughly

C.remarkably

D.badly

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ofcleaning,washingandironing

B.whicharenotregularorfixed

C.whichonecanmakeextramoneywith

D.withhousework

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thethreeyearsofmilitaryservice

B.leavingaworldofdiscipline

C.leavingthecityandhismother

D.fightingwithtoughguys

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Afterherhusbanddied,hismotherdidallavailablejobstosupportthefamily.

B.Theauthorwassurprisedthathewasacceptedasafirefighter.

C.Theauthorfinallyrealizedthathismotheralwayswantedhimtobeanhonestandresponsibleman.

D.Infaceofpoverty,hismotherneverloweredherhead.Shebravelystruggledon.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段“Theywouldfightmadlyoveradroppedcoin.Theywouldstealtogetwhattheywanted.”他們會為一枚掉在地上的硬幣瘋狂地打斗,他們會去偷想要的東西。由此可以推斷,這個地區(qū)很貧窮,選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第二段的首句“ItwasluckyformethatIleftthecityandenteredaworldofdiscipline,...”我很幸運(yùn),在聽從了母親的建議后,我離開了這座城市,進(jìn)入了一個有紀(jì)律的世界。根據(jù)“discipline”可推測,作者以前的表現(xiàn)應(yīng)該是badly,選項(xiàng)D最恰當(dāng)。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段,可知“oddjobs”是母親做的工作。再根據(jù)第二段“Tosupportus,mymothercleanedapartmentsandtookinwashingandironingfromtheneighbors.”所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Duringthreeyearsofmilitaryservice,Ihadtimetorethinkmylife,...”可知,作者覺得幸運(yùn)的經(jīng)歷是在部隊(duì)服役的三年經(jīng)歷。選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第二段后半部分的內(nèi)容可知選項(xiàng)A和D正確;根據(jù)第二段最后三句“Mymotherhad...thesensetofeelshame.”可知選項(xiàng)C也正確;所以本題選B。

5.單選題

Inthenextcenturywe’llbeabletoalterourDNAradically,encodingourvisionsandvanitieswhileconcoctingnewlife-forms.WhenDr.Frankensteinmadehismonster,hewrestledwiththemoralissueofwhetherheshouldallowittoreproduce,“HadItheright,formyownbenefit,toinflictthecurseuponeverlastinggenerations?”Willsuchquestionsrequireustodevelopnewmoralphilosophies?

Probablynot.Instead,we’llreachagainforatimetestedincalledtheGoldenRuleandwhichKant,themillennium’smostprudentmoralist,conjuredupintoacategoricalimperative:Dountoothersasyouwouldhavethemdountoyou;treateachpersonasanindividualratherthanasameanstosomeend.

Underthismoralpreceptweshouldrecoilathumancloning,becauseitinevitablyentailsusinghumansasmeanstootherhumans’endsandvaluingthemascopiesofotherswelovedorascollectionsofbodyparts,notasindividualsintheirownright.Weshouldalsodrawaline,howeverfuzzy,thatwouldpermitusinggeneticengineeringtocurediseasesanddisabilitiesbutnottochangethepersonalattributesthatmakesomeoneanindividual(IQ,physicalappearance,genderandsexuality).

Thebiotechagewillalsogiveusmorereasontoguardourpersonalprivacy.AldousHuxleyinBraveNewWorld,gotitwrong:ratherthancentralizingpowerinthehandsofthestate,DNAtechnologyhasempoweredindividualsandfamilies.Butthestatewillhaveanimportantrole,makingsurethatnoone,includinginsurancecompanies,canlookatourgeneticdatawithoutourpermissionoruseittodiscriminateagainstus.

Thenwecangetreadyforthebreakthroughsthatcouldcomeattheendofthenextcenturyandthetechnologyiscomparabletomappingourgenes:plottingthe10billionormoreneuronsofourbrain.Withthatinformationwemightsomedaybeabletocreateartificialintelligencesthatthinkandexperienceconsciousnessinwaysthatareindistinguishablefromahumanbrain.Eventuallywemightbeabletoreplicateourownmindsina“dryware”machine,sothatwecouldliveonwithoutthe“wetware”ofabiologicalbrainandbody.The20thcentury’srevolutionininfotechnologywilltherebymergewiththe21stcentury’srevolutioninbiotechnology.Butthisissciencefiction.Let’sturnthepagenowandgetbacktorealscience.

1.Dr.Frankenstein'sremarksarementionedinthetext（

）.

2.Itcanbeconcludedfromthetextthatthetechnologyofhumancloningshouldbeemployed（

）.

3.Fromthetext,welearnthatAldousHuxleyisoftheopinionthat（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Whatdoestheword"it"inSentence2,Paragraph1referto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.togiveanepisodeoftheDNAtechnologicalbreakthroughs

B.tohighlighttheimportanceofameanstosomeeverlastingends

C.toshowhowhecreatedanewformoflifeathousandyearsago

D.tointroducethetopicofmoralphilosophiesincurredinbiotechnology

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.excessivelyandextravagantly

B.reasonablyandcautiously

C.aggressivelyandindiscriminately

D.openlyandenthusiastically

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.DNAtechnologyshouldbeplacedinthechargeofindividuals

B.governmentshouldassumelesscontroloverindividuals

C.peopleneedgovernmenttoprotecttheirDNDinformation

D.oldmoralpreceptsshouldbeabolishedonhumancloning

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thebiotechagewillgiveoutmorepersonalprivacy

B.DNAtechnologyhasreducedthepowerofindividual

C.Inthe21stcentury,peoplecanchangetheirDNAslightly

D.Weshouldnotattempthumancloning

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Frankenstein

B.DNA

C.themonster

D.Themoralissue

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目所問的是“文中提到科學(xué)怪人的目的是什么？”文章第一段第二句提到“當(dāng)科學(xué)怪人制造出怪物，他就陷入是否該讓這個怪物繁衍下一代的倫理問題的矛盾之中，‘為了我自身的利益，讓子子孫孫來承受這個詛咒？’這樣的問題需要我們建立新的倫理觀嗎？”(WhenDr.Frankensteinmadehismonster,hewrestledwiththemoralissueofwhetherheshouldallowittoreproduce,“HadItheright,formyownbenefit,toinflictthecurseuponeverlastinggenerations?”Willsuchquestionsrequireustodevelopnewmoralphilosophies?)，由以上可得出選項(xiàng)D“引出生物技術(shù)中的倫理問題這個話題”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目所問的是“從文中可知人類克隆技術(shù)應(yīng)該使用的方法是什么？”文章第一段通過“科學(xué)怪人”這個例子引出生物科學(xué)中的倫理問題；第二段提到哲學(xué)家康德的觀點(diǎn)Dountoothersasyouwouldhavethemdountoyou;treateachpersonasanindividualratherthanasameanstosomeend（將每個人當(dāng)作個體來對待，而不是作為一種手段）；第三段提到在上文提到的準(zhǔn)則下，我們應(yīng)該放棄克隆技術(shù)（Underthismoralpreceptweshouldrecoilathumancloning）；第四段提到生物科技的時代將給我們更多保護(hù)隱私的理由（Thebiotechagewillalsogiveusmorereasontoguardourpersonalprivacy）。由此可知，克隆技術(shù)的使用應(yīng)該是合理并且謹(jǐn)慎的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目所問的是“從文章中可知，AldousHuxley的觀點(diǎn)是什么？”文章第四段第二句提到“在他的作品《美麗新世界》中，赫胥黎犯了一個錯誤：DNA技術(shù)的主動權(quán)在個人和家庭手中，而不是在權(quán)力集中的國家手中”（AldousHuxleyinBraveNewWorld,gotitwrong:ratherthancentralizingpowerinthehandsofthestate,DNAtechnologyhasempoweredindividualsandfamilies），因此，選項(xiàng)A“DNA技術(shù)應(yīng)該掌握在個人手中”是赫胥黎的觀點(diǎn)，符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目所問的是“下列說法哪個正確？”文章第三段第一句提到“在這個道德準(zhǔn)則下，我們應(yīng)該放棄克隆技術(shù)，因?yàn)樗鼤豢杀苊獾刈屢恍┤顺蔀榱硪恍┤诉_(dá)到目標(biāo)的手段，而不是將每個人當(dāng)作個體來對待”(Underthismoralpreceptweshouldrecoilathumancloning,becauseitinevitablyentailsusinghumansasmeanstootherhumans’endsandvaluingthemascopiesofotherswelovedorascollectionsofbodyparts,notasindividualsintheirownright)，選項(xiàng)D“我們不應(yīng)該進(jìn)行人類克隆”符合題意。

5.詞義題。題目所問的是“‘it’指的是什么？”文章第一段第二句話提到“當(dāng)科學(xué)怪人制造出怪物，他就陷入是否該讓這個怪物繁衍下一代的倫理問題的矛盾之中”(WhenDr.Frankensteinmadehismonster,hewrestledwiththemoralissueofwhetherheshouldallowittoreproduce)，因此可知，這里的it指的是創(chuàng)造出來的怪物。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.單選題

Thegymhasequippedwithvariouspiecesofweight-lifting（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.apparatus

B.appliance

C.gauge

D.implement

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)apparatus“裝置；設(shè)備”；B選項(xiàng)appliance“器具；器械”；C選項(xiàng)gauge“計量器；容量規(guī)格”；D選項(xiàng)implement“工具；器具”。句意：這個健身房有各種舉重……。apparatus一般可用為所有設(shè)備的總稱。appliance側(cè)重指家用機(jī)器或設(shè)備，尤指家用電器。implement原指史前人類所用的工具，現(xiàn)在多指農(nóng)用工具，也可指為實(shí)現(xiàn)某個任務(wù)所需的工具或器具。地點(diǎn)是健身房，關(guān)鍵信息variouspiecesof“各種類型的”，在句中缺少對舉重設(shè)備的一個總的概括。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.填空題

Europe’ssocialservicesfaceachallengingtime.AngelaMerkelisfondofsayingthatEuropehas7%oftheworld’spopulation,25%ofitswealthand50%ofitswelfarespending.(66)

Thefirstchallengeistotapourcollectiveintelligence.Therearemanytoolsavailabletoinvolvemorepeopleinthedesignandimplementationofsocialcarepolicies,throughplatformssuchas.Attheirbest,thesedrawontheexperiencesandexpertiseofserviceusersandfrontlineworkerstohelpsolveproblems.Theyputpeopleatthecentreofdesigningsocialservices.

Thesecondchallengeistocommittoexperimentation.(67)Somegovernments,withFinlandandCanadaatthevanguard,areexploringalternativestotop-downnationalpolicies.They—alongwithScotlandandtheNetherlands—aretrialinginnovativeschemessuchasuniversalbasicincome,inthehopethattheywillfindasimpler,fairerwayofsupportingcitizenswithoutdiscouragingthemfrompaidemploymentorvoluntarywork.

Third,governmentsneedtomakethemostofdigitaltechnology.(68)

Fourth,governmentsneedtobesmarteraboutdata.(69)Somelocalauthoritiesareshowingwhatcanbedone.Hackneycouncil,forexample,isworkingwithXanthuratodevelopanartificialintelligencemodelthatcanidentifychildrenatincreasedriskofendingupinstatutorychildren’ssocialcare,sotheycangetbettersupport—improvinglivesandsavingmoney.

(70)India’sbiometricidentitycardAadhaarhastransformedaccesstofinancialservicesforpoorercommunities,butithasalsomadeitpossibleforthegovernmenttoofferloansdirecttocitizensthatcanberepaidthroughthetaxsystem.

A.We’reusedtotheintegrationoftechnologywitheverydayactivitiessuchasshopping,travelandtransport,butsimilarplatformscanalsobeusedforpublicservices.

B.Nooneknowswhatsocialcaremodelswillworkbestin10or20years’time—theonlywaytofindoutisbyexperimenting.

C.Aroundtheworldtherearemanyexamplesofevenmoreradicalchangethatprovethepublicsectorcaninnovatewherethere’sthewill.

D.Ifthecontinentistoavoidacontinuedperiodofstagnationandausterity,itwillneedtoexploremoreradicaloptions.

E.Dataisattheheartofprivatesectorbusinessmodels,butgovernmentsandNGOshavebeenmuchslowertorealisehowdatacanhelpthem.

F.Theseinnovationsallhaveasharedethos:aspiritoflearningbydoing,testingideasoutonasmallscaleandthenimprovingthem.

【答案】66.D

67.B

68.A

69.E

70.C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.We’reusedtotheintegrationoftechnologywitheverydayactivitiessuchasshopping,travelandtransport,butsimilarplatformscanalsobeusedforpublicservices.A.我們習(xí)慣于將技術(shù)與購物、旅行和交通等日常活動相結(jié)合，但類似的平臺也可用于公共服務(wù)。

B.Nooneknowswhatsocialcaremodelswillworkbestin10or20years’time—theonlywaytofindoutisbyexperimenting.B.沒有人知道在10年或20年后，什么樣的社會護(hù)理模式是最有效的，唯一的方法就是通過實(shí)驗(yàn)來發(fā)現(xiàn)。

C.Aroundtheworldtherearemanyexamplesofevenmoreradicalchangethatprovethepublicsectorcaninnovatewherethere’sthewill.C.在世界各地，有許多更激進(jìn)的變革的例子，證明公共部門可以在有意愿的地方進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新。

D.Ifthecontinentistoavoidacontinuedperiodofstagnationandausterity,itwillneedtoexploremoreradicaloptions.D.如果大陸要避免持續(xù)的停滯和緊縮，它就需要探索更多的激進(jìn)選擇。

E.Dataisattheheartofprivatesectorbusinessmodels,butgovernmentsandNGOshavebeenmuchslowertorealisehowdatacanhelpthem.E.數(shù)據(jù)是私營部門商業(yè)模式的核心，但政府和非政府組織在意識到數(shù)據(jù)可以幫助他們方面卻慢得多。

F.Theseinnovationsallhaveasharedethos:aspiritoflearningbydoing,testingideasoutonasmallscaleandthenimprovingthem.F.這些創(chuàng)新都有一個共同的精神：在實(shí)踐中學(xué)習(xí)的精神，在小范圍內(nèi)測試想法，然后改進(jìn)它們。

66.【考查點(diǎn)】上下文關(guān)聯(lián)和詞匯銜接。

【解題思路】文章開頭說到“歐洲的社會服務(wù)面臨著挑戰(zhàn)（faceachallengingtime）?！?，下文分別介紹了面臨的具體挑戰(zhàn)和可以探索的措施，由此可知空格處應(yīng)該是對于這些挑戰(zhàn)和措施的總起句，同時D選項(xiàng)中的“continent（大陸）”與上文的“Europe（歐洲）”相對應(yīng)。因此D選項(xiàng)“如果大陸要避免持續(xù)的停滯和緊縮，它就需要探索更多的激進(jìn)選擇?！闭_。

67.【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯銜接。

【解題思路】本段開頭說到“第二個挑戰(zhàn)是致力于實(shí)驗(yàn)（experimentation）?！保珺選項(xiàng)中的“byexperimenting（通過實(shí)驗(yàn)）”和上文的“experimentation（實(shí)驗(yàn)）”相對應(yīng)。因此B選項(xiàng)“沒有人知道在10年或20年后，什么樣的社會護(hù)理模式是最有效的，唯一的方法就是通過實(shí)驗(yàn)來發(fā)現(xiàn)?！闭_。

68.【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯銜接。

【解題思路】本段開頭說到“政府需要充分利用數(shù)字技術(shù)（digitaltechnology）?！?，A選項(xiàng)中的“technology（技術(shù)）”和上文的“數(shù)字技術(shù)（digitaltechnology）”相對應(yīng)。因此A選項(xiàng)“我們習(xí)慣于將技術(shù)與購物、旅行和交通等日?；顒酉嘟Y(jié)合，但類似的平臺也可用于公共服務(wù)?！闭_。

69.【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯銜接。

【解題思路】本段開頭說到“政府需要更聰明地處理數(shù)據(jù)（data）。”，E選項(xiàng)中的“Data（數(shù)據(jù)）”和上文的“besmarteraboutdata（更聰明地處理數(shù)據(jù)）”相對應(yīng)。因此E選項(xiàng)“數(shù)據(jù)是私營部門商業(yè)模式的核心，但政府和非政府組織在意識到數(shù)據(jù)可以幫助他們方面卻慢得多?！闭_。

70.【考查點(diǎn)】上下文關(guān)聯(lián)。

【解題思路】上文介紹的是歐洲的情況，本段以位于歐洲之外的印度為例進(jìn)行論證，C選項(xiàng)中的“Aroundtheworldtherearemanyexamples（在世界各地，有許多例子）”與下文的“India（印度）”相對應(yīng)，起到了銜接作用。因此C選項(xiàng)“在世界各地，有許多更激進(jìn)的變革的例子，證明公共部門可以在有意愿的地方進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新?！闭_。

8.單選題

Soilnaturallycontainsharmlessamountsoflead,alongwithothermetals.Becauseofpollution,however,theamountsarehigherthecloseryougettocitiesandtowns.Butexpertssaythisshouldnotstopgardenersfromgrowingfoodiftheytakesafetymeasures.

DavidJohnsonisachemistryprofessorintheStateUniversityofNewYork’sCollegeofEnvironmentalScienceandForestry.Heexplainsthatleadcanenterthegroundfromleadedpaintandleadedfuelandfromindustry.

Andonceleadgetsintothesoil,itstaysalongtime.Itremainsanenvironmentalthreatespeciallytochildren.Leadcanharmmentalandphysicaldevelopmenteveninbabiesbeforetheyareborn.

Ifatestfindsthatsoilhastoomuchlead,youmightbeadvisedtoremovethesoilorcoveritwithsodgrass.Differentcountrieshavedifferentlevelsthattheyconsideracceptable.

CarlRosenoftheUniversityofMinnesotaExtensionnotesthatconcernsaboutleadhaveincreasednowthatmorepeopleareplantinggardens.ButProfessorRosensaysplantsgenerallydonotabsorbmuchlead.Hesaysthereislikelymoreriskfromleaddustonplantsorfromplayinginthesoilthanfromtheplantitself.

Still,someplantsdoabsorbmorethanothers.Expertssaygoodchoicesforthegardenincludetomatoes,peppers,beansandokra.Amongtheplantsthatcanabsorbmorecontaminants,theysay,arerootcrops,leafyvegetablesandherbs.Ifyougrowcarrots,forexample,youmightwanttopeelthem.Dirtmaybehardertoremovefromsomecropsthanfromothers.Butallproduceshouldbewashed.

Gardensshouldbeplantedawayfromroadsandstructures,especiallyoldbuilding.Homegardenersshouldplantawayfromthefoundationoftheirhouse.Andleadamountscanbeespeciallyhighnearindustrialareasandwastedumps.

SoilshouldalsobetestedforitsPHlevel,ameasureoftheacidandalkalinebalance.ExpertssaytheabilitytotakeupleadisreducedwhenthePHlevelisabovesixandahalf.Addingorganicmaterialsuchascomposttosoilcanalsomakeleadlessavailabletoplants.

Somepeopleattemptaprocesscalledphytoremediation.Theytrytoremoveleadfromsoilbygrowingcertainplantsthatcollectit.ButProfessorRosensaystheprocessiscomplexandmaynotwork.

1.AllofthefollowingistrueaboutleadinsoilEXCEPT（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,thereisanincreasedconcernabouttheleadbecause

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingplantsmaycontainthelowestamountoflead?

4.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageistoinformon（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theamountofleadinsoilishigherincitiesthaninthecountry

B.soilnaturallycontainslead

C.foodshouldnotbeplantedinsoilwhichcontainsahighamountoflead

D.theprocessofphytoremediationmaynotbeabletoremoveleadfromsoil

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thenumberofpeoplewhoplantgardensisincreasing

B.knowledgeabouttheharmofleadisincreasing

C.theamountofleadinsoilisincreasing

D.theamountofleadabsorbedbyplantsisincreasingbefore

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Eggplants

B.Cabbage

C.Potatoes

D.Carrot

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.howleadgetsintosoil

B.howtodealwithtoomuchleadinsoilinthegarden

C.howtomakeyourgardenfreeoflead

D.howtotesttheamountofleadinthegarden

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。關(guān)于lead鉛的描述在文章出現(xiàn)多次。A選項(xiàng)“城市土壤中的鉛含量比農(nóng)村高”對應(yīng)文章第一段第二句“Becauseofpollution,however,theamountsarehigherthecloseryougettocitiesandtowns.然而，由于污染，你離城鎮(zhèn)越近，污染的數(shù)量就越高”；B選項(xiàng)“土壤天然含鉛”對應(yīng)第一段第一句“Soilnaturallycontainsharmlessamountsoflead土壤中天然含有無害量的鉛”；D選項(xiàng)“植物修復(fù)的過程可能無法從土壤中去除鉛”對應(yīng)文章最后一段最后一句“ButProfessorRosensaystheprocessiscomplexandmaynotwork但羅森教授表示，這個過程（植物修復(fù)）很復(fù)雜，可能行不通”。C選項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)在含鉛量高的土壤中種植食物”與原文不符合，第一段最后說到“Butexpertssaythisshouldnotstopgardenersfromgrowingfoodiftheytakesafetymeasures但專家表示，如果采取安全措施，這（土壤中含有金屬）并不會妨礙園丁種植食物”。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干關(guān)鍵在于“anincreasedconcernaboutlead對鉛的擔(dān)憂日益增加”，原因在第五段中“concernsaboutleadhaveincreasednowthatmorepeopleareplantinggardens隨著越來越多的人開始種植花園，人們對鉛的擔(dān)憂也與日俱增”。A選項(xiàng)“種植花園的人數(shù)在增加”符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。鉛含量最低的植物就是文中說到的最不吸收鉛的植物，第六段說到“goodchoicesforthegardenincludetomatoes,peppers,beansandokra.Amongtheplantsthatcanabsorbmorecontaminants,theysay,arerootcrops,leafyvegetablesandherbs菜園里的好選擇包括西紅柿、辣椒、豆子和秋葵。他們說，能吸收更多污染物的植物包括塊根類作物、多葉蔬菜和草本植物”，對比選項(xiàng)可知A選項(xiàng)“茄子”不屬于塊根類作物，也不是蔬菜和草本植物，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.主旨大意題。文章第一段最后一句說到“thisshouldnotstopgardenersfromgrowingfoodiftheytakesafetymeasures如果采取一些安全措施，這種情況（土壤含金屬）不應(yīng)該阻止種植者去種食物”，下面幾段都在重點(diǎn)講應(yīng)對土壤中出現(xiàn)更高含量有害金屬的方法，因此本文主旨與B選項(xiàng)“如何應(yīng)對菜園土壤中鉛含量過高的問題”相關(guān)。

9.單選題

Whenpeopleareaskedwhatkindofhousingtheyneedorwant,thequestion（）avarietyofanswers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.defies

B.magnifies

C.mediates

D.evokes

【答案】D

【解析】句意:當(dāng)人們被問及他們需要或想要什么樣的住房時，這個問題引起了各種各樣的回答

考查動詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對應(yīng)動詞的三單形式。defy藐視；公然反抗；挑釁；magnify放大：贊美；夸大;mediate調(diào)停；evoke引起；喚起。該動詞的賓語是avarietyofanswers(各種各樣的回答)，由此可知D項(xiàng)符合句意。

10.單選題

Theseverityofadjustmentproblemsexperiencedinasecondculturedependsontheindividual’sabilitytoadapttonewsituations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.excitement

B.intensity

C.solutions

D.importance

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。severity“嚴(yán)重性；嚴(yán)格；猛烈”；A選項(xiàng)excitement“興奮；刺激；令人新奇的事物”；B選項(xiàng)intensity“強(qiáng)度；強(qiáng)烈；緊張”；C選項(xiàng)solutions“解決方案；應(yīng)對措施；溶液劑”；D選項(xiàng)importance“價值；重要；重大”。句意：在第二種文化中經(jīng)歷的適應(yīng)問題的嚴(yán)重程度取決于個人適應(yīng)新情況的能力。題干指出“adjustmentproblemsexperiencedinasecondculture在第二種文化中所經(jīng)歷的適應(yīng)問題”，可推知severity在這里是“嚴(yán)重性”的意思，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Rumorsareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningclamsituationinto（）ones.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.turbulent

B.tragic

C.vulnerable

D.suspicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)turbulent“動蕩的，湍流的”；B選項(xiàng)tragic“悲劇的，悲痛的，不幸的”；C選項(xiàng)vulnerable“易碎的，脆弱的”；D選項(xiàng)suspicious“可疑的，懷疑的”。句意：謠言無處不在，散布恐懼，損害名譽(yù)，使平靜的局面變得_____。根據(jù)句子邏輯，這里表達(dá)的是“使平靜的局面變得動蕩”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

Theextentofanation’spoweroveritscoastalecosystemsandthenaturalresourcesinitscoastalwatershasbeendefinedbytwointernationallawdoctrines:freedomoftheseasandadjacentstatesovereignty.Untilthemid-twentiethcentury,mostnationsfavoredapplicationofbroadopen-seasfreedomsandlimitedsovereignrightsovercoastalwaters.Anationhadtherighttoincludewithinitsterritorialdominiononlyaverynarrowbandofcoastalwaters(generallyextendingthreemilesfromtheshoreline),withinwhichithadtheauthority,butnottheresponsibility,toregulateallactivities.But,becausethisareaofterritorialdominionwassolimited,mostnationsdidnotestablishrulesformanagementorprotectionoftheirterritorialwaters.

Regardlessofwhetherornotnationsenforcedregulationsintheirterritorialwaters,largeoceanareasremainedfreeofcontrolsorrestrictions.Thecitizensofallnationshadtherighttousetheseunrestrictedoceanareasforanyinnocentpurpose,includingnavigationandfishing.Exceptforcontrolsoveritsowncitizens,nonationhadtheresponsibility,letalonetheunilateralauthority,tocontrolsuchactivitiesininternationalwaters.And,sincetherewerefewstandardsofconductthatappliedonthe“openseas”,therewerefewjurisdictionalconflictsbetweennations.

Thelackofstandardsistraceabletopopularperceptionsheldbeforethemiddleofthiscentury.Byandlarge,marinepollutionwasnotperceivedasasignificantproblem,inpartbecausetheadverseeffectofcoastalactivitiesonoceanecosystemswasnotwidelyrecognized,andpollutioncausedbyhumanactivitieswasgenerallybelievedtobelimitedtothatcausedbynavigation.Moreover,thefreedomtofish,oroverfish,wasanessentialelementofthetraditionallegaldoctrineoffreedomoftheseasthatnomaritimecountrywishedtoseelimited.Andfinally,thetechnologythatlaterallowedexploitationofotheroceanresources,suchas,oil,didnotyetexist.

Todate,controllingpollutionandregulatingoceanresourceshavestillnotbeencomprehensivelyaddressedbylaw,butinternationallaw-establishedthroughthecustomsandpracticesofnations-doesnotprecludesuchefforts.Andtworecentdevelopmentsmayactuallyleadtofutureinternationalrulesprovidingforecosystemmanagement.First,theestablishmentofextensivefisheryzones,extendingterritorialauthorityasfaras200milesoutfromacountry’scoast,hasprovidedtheopportunityfornationsindividuallytomanagelargerecosystems.Thisopportunity,combinedwithnationalself-interestinmaintainingfishpopulations,couldleadnationstoreevaluatepoliciesformanagementoftheirfisheriesandtoaddresstheproblemofpollutioninterritorialwaters.Second,theinternationalcommunityisbeginningtounderstandtheimportanceofpreservingtheresourcesandecologyofinternationalwatersandtoshowsignsofacceptingresponsibilityfordoingso.Asaninternationalconsensusregardingtheneedforcomprehensivemanagementofoceanresourcesdevelops,itwillbecomemorelikelythatinternationalstandardsandpoliciesforbroaderregulationofhumanactivitiesthataffectoceanecosystemswillbeadoptedandimplemented.

61.Accordingtothepassage,untilthemid-twentiethcenturytherewerefewjurisdictionaldisputesoverinternationalwatersbecause______.

62.Accordingtheinternationallawdoctrinesapplicablebeforethemid-twentiethcentury,ifcommercialactivitywithinaparticularnation’sterritorialwatersthreatenedallmarinelifeinthosewaters,thenationwouldhavebeen______.

63.Theauthorsuggeststhatbeforethemid-twentiethcentury,mostnations’actionswithrespecttoterritorialandinternationalwatersindicatedthat______.

64.Theauthorciteswhichoneofthefollowingasaneffectoftheextensionofterritorialwatersbeyondthethreemileslimit?

65.Thepassageasawholecanbestbedescribedas______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fewcontrolsorrestrictionsappliedtooceanareas

B.theoceanareaswereusedforonlyinnocentpurposes

C.thefreedomoftheseasdoctrinesettledallclaimsconcerningnavigationandfishing

D.broadauthorityoverinternationalwaterswassharedequallyamongallnations

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.formallycensuredbyaninternationalorganizationfornotproperlyregulatingmarineactivities

B.calleduponbyothernationstoestablishrulestoprotectitsterritorialwaters

C.ablebutnotrequiredtoplacelegallimitsonsuchcommercialactivities

D.allowedtoresolvetheproblematitsowndiscretionprovidingitcouldcontainthethreattoitsownterritorialwaters

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.managingecosystemsineitherterritorialorinternationalwaterswasgiverlowpriority

B.unlimitedresourcesininternationalwatersresultedinlittleinterestinterritorialwaters

C.nationsconsideredittheirresponsibilitytoprotectterritorialbutnotinternationalwaters

D.althoughnationscouldextendtheirterritorialdominionbeyondthreemilesfromtheirshoreline,mostchosenottodoso

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Increasedpoliticalpressureonindividualnationstoestablishcomprehensivelawsregulatingoceanresources.

B.Agreaternumberofjurisdictionaldisputesamongnationsovertheregulationoffishingontheopenseas.

C.Theopportunityforsomenationstomanagelargeoceanecosystems.

D.Apoliticalincentiveforsmallernationstosolvetheproblemsofpollutionintheircoastalwaters.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.achronologyoftheeventsthathaveleduptoapresent-daycrisis

B.alegalinquiryintotheabuseofexistinglawsandthelikelihoodofreform

C.apoliticalanalysisoftheproblemsinherentindirectingnationalattentiontoanintern