考研考博-英語-曲阜遠東職業(yè)技術學院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-曲阜遠東職業(yè)技術學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

We（）thathecannotfinishtheworkbeforeJune15.

問題1選項

A.prosecute

B.meddle

C.presume

D.mingle

【答案】C

【解析】動詞辨析。句意：我們他不能在六月十五號之前完成工作。prosecute起訴；meddle干涉；presume假設，認為；mingle使混合，與……交往。因此，C項符合句意。

2.單選題

Giventheotherconstitutionalgroundselaboratedbythejustices,theassociation（）thatschoolsshouldcontinuetotest,iftheysochoose.

問題1選項

A.preserves

B.safeguards

C.maintains

D.conserves

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項preserve“保護、保存”；B選項safeguard“保護、保衛(wèi)”；C選項maintain“維護、維持”；D選項conserve“保存、保護”，句意為：考慮到法官們闡述的其他憲法依據(jù)，協(xié)會堅持認為，如果學校選擇繼續(xù)進行考試的話，他們應該繼續(xù)進行考試。因此選項C符合題意。

3.單選題

Protozoanlocomotionsharessomeofthebasicmechanismsofmolecularcontractionencounteredinthefunctioningoftheflagellaandciliaofhigheranimals.

問題1選項

A.reproduction

B.digestion

C.movement

D.compartment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項reproduction“繁殖”；B選項digestion“消化”；C選項movement“運動”；D選項compartment“區(qū)劃”。句意：原生動物的運動與高等動物的鞭毛和纖毛的功能有一些相同的分子收縮的基本機制。劃線部分locomotion是運動的意思。因此C選項正確。

4.單選題

Mymotherraisedmeasbestasshecould,takingonoddjobsintheneighborhoodformoney.Stillwithoutafathertotellmehowtoactandwhatwasexpectedofme,Ifeltlost.IwanderedforyearsandgotinvolvedwithtoughguysontheEastSideofNewYork.Theywouldfightmadlyoveradroppedcoin.Theywouldstealtogetwhattheywanted.Iwantedtobelikethem.

ItwasluckyformethatIleftthecityandenteredaworldofdiscipline,afterfollowingmymother’sadvice.Duringthreeyearsofmilitaryservice,Ihadtimetorethinkmylife,andmythoughtsoftenrantomymother.IrealizedsuddenlyjusthowmuchofaheartacheImusthavebeentoher,howlittleIhadnoticedhersuffering.Whenmyfatherleftthisworld,mymotherwascompletelyalone.Tosupportus,mymothercleanedapartmentsandtookinwashingandironingfromtheneighbors.Andassheworkedhardatthislabor,shekeptherheadhigh.Eachweekshewouldbringapileofbookshomefromthelibraryandreadtous.Mymotherhadwantednothingmorethanformetoturnintoanhonestresponsibleman.ButIhadactedagainsther.Finally,almosttoolateIhadthesensetofeelshame.

TenyearspassedandIreturnedtotheapartmentontheEastSide.IknewIwouldn’tfallbackinwiththewrongpeople,althoughIstillwasn’tsurewhereIwasheading.Mymother,Icouldtellwasworriedaboutme.Inmyneighborhood,tobecomeapoliceofficerorafirefighterwasamarkofsignificantsocialsuccessandachievement.Formeitwasanopportunityforarealstartinlife.IwonderedifIwasuptoit,butIknewthatitwastimetotry.WhenIfoundmyselfinthebighallraisingmyhandstotakethefirefighter’soathofoffice,mymotherwassittingafewrowsbehindwithasmileofrelief.SheknewthatatlastIwasoffonlife’sroadandmovingsteadily.Hersmilesaid,“Myjobisfinallydone.”

1.Fromthisstory,wemayguessthattheEastSideofNewYorkmustbea（）area.

2.Theauthorusedtobehavehimself（）.

3.Fromthecontext,weunderstandthat“oddjobs”inthefirstparagraphrefertojobs（）.

4.Inthefirstsentenceofthesecondparagraph,theauthorsays“Itwasluckyformethat...”Theluckyexperiencehetalksabouthereishisexperienceof（）.

5.WhatisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項

A.commercial

B.rich

C.poor

D.distant

問題2選項

A.oddly

B.toughly

C.remarkably

D.badly

問題3選項

A.ofcleaning,washingandironing

B.whicharenotregularorfixed

C.whichonecanmakeextramoneywith

D.withhousework

問題4選項

A.thethreeyearsofmilitaryservice

B.leavingaworldofdiscipline

C.leavingthecityandhismother

D.fightingwithtoughguys

問題5選項

A.Afterherhusbanddied,hismotherdidallavailablejobstosupportthefamily.

B.Theauthorwassurprisedthathewasacceptedasafirefighter.

C.Theauthorfinallyrealizedthathismotheralwayswantedhimtobeanhonestandresponsibleman.

D.Infaceofpoverty,hismotherneverloweredherhead.Shebravelystruggledon.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段“Theywouldfightmadlyoveradroppedcoin.Theywouldstealtogetwhattheywanted.”他們會為一枚掉在地上的硬幣瘋狂地打斗,他們會去偷想要的東西。由此可以推斷,這個地區(qū)很貧窮,選項C正確。

2.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第二段的首句“ItwasluckyformethatIleftthecityandenteredaworldofdiscipline,...”我很幸運,在聽從了母親的建議后,我離開了這座城市,進入了一個有紀律的世界。根據(jù)“discipline”可推測,作者以前的表現(xiàn)應該是badly,選項D最恰當。

3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)關鍵詞定位到第一段,可知“oddjobs”是母親做的工作。再根據(jù)第二段“Tosupportus,mymothercleanedapartmentsandtookinwashingandironingfromtheneighbors.”所以選項A符合原文。

4.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Duringthreeyearsofmilitaryservice,Ihadtimetorethinkmylife,...”可知,作者覺得幸運的經歷是在部隊服役的三年經歷。選項A正確。

5.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第二段后半部分的內容可知選項A和D正確;根據(jù)第二段最后三句“Mymotherhad...thesensetofeelshame.”可知選項C也正確;所以本題選B。

5.單選題

Inthenextcenturywe’llbeabletoalterourDNAradically,encodingourvisionsandvanitieswhileconcoctingnewlife-forms.WhenDr.Frankensteinmadehismonster,hewrestledwiththemoralissueofwhetherheshouldallowittoreproduce,“HadItheright,formyownbenefit,toinflictthecurseuponeverlastinggenerations?”Willsuchquestionsrequireustodevelopnewmoralphilosophies?

Probablynot.Instead,we’llreachagainforatimetestedincalledtheGoldenRuleandwhichKant,themillennium’smostprudentmoralist,conjuredupintoacategoricalimperative:Dountoothersasyouwouldhavethemdountoyou;treateachpersonasanindividualratherthanasameanstosomeend.

Underthismoralpreceptweshouldrecoilathumancloning,becauseitinevitablyentailsusinghumansasmeanstootherhumans’endsandvaluingthemascopiesofotherswelovedorascollectionsofbodyparts,notasindividualsintheirownright.Weshouldalsodrawaline,howeverfuzzy,thatwouldpermitusinggeneticengineeringtocurediseasesanddisabilitiesbutnottochangethepersonalattributesthatmakesomeoneanindividual(IQ,physicalappearance,genderandsexuality).

Thebiotechagewillalsogiveusmorereasontoguardourpersonalprivacy.AldousHuxleyinBraveNewWorld,gotitwrong:ratherthancentralizingpowerinthehandsofthestate,DNAtechnologyhasempoweredindividualsandfamilies.Butthestatewillhaveanimportantrole,makingsurethatnoone,includinginsurancecompanies,canlookatourgeneticdatawithoutourpermissionoruseittodiscriminateagainstus.

Thenwecangetreadyforthebreakthroughsthatcouldcomeattheendofthenextcenturyandthetechnologyiscomparabletomappingourgenes:plottingthe10billionormoreneuronsofourbrain.Withthatinformationwemightsomedaybeabletocreateartificialintelligencesthatthinkandexperienceconsciousnessinwaysthatareindistinguishablefromahumanbrain.Eventuallywemightbeabletoreplicateourownmindsina“dryware”machine,sothatwecouldliveonwithoutthe“wetware”ofabiologicalbrainandbody.The20thcentury’srevolutionininfotechnologywilltherebymergewiththe21stcentury’srevolutioninbiotechnology.Butthisissciencefiction.Let’sturnthepagenowandgetbacktorealscience.

1.Dr.Frankenstein'sremarksarementionedinthetext（

）.

2.Itcanbeconcludedfromthetextthatthetechnologyofhumancloningshouldbeemployed（

）.

3.Fromthetext,welearnthatAldousHuxleyisoftheopinionthat（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Whatdoestheword"it"inSentence2,Paragraph1referto（

）.

問題1選項

A.togiveanepisodeoftheDNAtechnologicalbreakthroughs

B.tohighlighttheimportanceofameanstosomeeverlastingends

C.toshowhowhecreatedanewformoflifeathousandyearsago

D.tointroducethetopicofmoralphilosophiesincurredinbiotechnology

問題2選項

A.excessivelyandextravagantly

B.reasonablyandcautiously

C.aggressivelyandindiscriminately

D.openlyandenthusiastically

問題3選項

A.DNAtechnologyshouldbeplacedinthechargeofindividuals

B.governmentshouldassumelesscontroloverindividuals

C.peopleneedgovernmenttoprotecttheirDNDinformation

D.oldmoralpreceptsshouldbeabolishedonhumancloning

問題4選項

A.Thebiotechagewillgiveoutmorepersonalprivacy

B.DNAtechnologyhasreducedthepowerofindividual

C.Inthe21stcentury,peoplecanchangetheirDNAslightly

D.Weshouldnotattempthumancloning

問題5選項

A.Frankenstein

B.DNA

C.themonster

D.Themoralissue

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目所問的是“文中提到科學怪人的目的是什么？”文章第一段第二句提到“當科學怪人制造出怪物，他就陷入是否該讓這個怪物繁衍下一代的倫理問題的矛盾之中，‘為了我自身的利益，讓子子孫孫來承受這個詛咒？’這樣的問題需要我們建立新的倫理觀嗎？”(WhenDr.Frankensteinmadehismonster,hewrestledwiththemoralissueofwhetherheshouldallowittoreproduce,“HadItheright,formyownbenefit,toinflictthecurseuponeverlastinggenerations?”Willsuchquestionsrequireustodevelopnewmoralphilosophies?)，由以上可得出選項D“引出生物技術中的倫理問題這個話題”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目所問的是“從文中可知人類克隆技術應該使用的方法是什么？”文章第一段通過“科學怪人”這個例子引出生物科學中的倫理問題；第二段提到哲學家康德的觀點Dountoothersasyouwouldhavethemdountoyou;treateachpersonasanindividualratherthanasameanstosomeend（將每個人當作個體來對待，而不是作為一種手段）；第三段提到在上文提到的準則下，我們應該放棄克隆技術（Underthismoralpreceptweshouldrecoilathumancloning）；第四段提到生物科技的時代將給我們更多保護隱私的理由（Thebiotechagewillalsogiveusmorereasontoguardourpersonalprivacy）。由此可知，克隆技術的使用應該是合理并且謹慎的。選項B符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目所問的是“從文章中可知，AldousHuxley的觀點是什么？”文章第四段第二句提到“在他的作品《美麗新世界》中，赫胥黎犯了一個錯誤：DNA技術的主動權在個人和家庭手中，而不是在權力集中的國家手中”（AldousHuxleyinBraveNewWorld,gotitwrong:ratherthancentralizingpowerinthehandsofthestate,DNAtechnologyhasempoweredindividualsandfamilies），因此，選項A“DNA技術應該掌握在個人手中”是赫胥黎的觀點，符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目所問的是“下列說法哪個正確？”文章第三段第一句提到“在這個道德準則下，我們應該放棄克隆技術，因為它會不可避免地讓一些人成為另一些人達到目標的手段，而不是將每個人當作個體來對待”(Underthismoralpreceptweshouldrecoilathumancloning,becauseitinevitablyentailsusinghumansasmeanstootherhumans’endsandvaluingthemascopiesofotherswelovedorascollectionsofbodyparts,notasindividualsintheirownright)，選項D“我們不應該進行人類克隆”符合題意。

5.詞義題。題目所問的是“‘it’指的是什么？”文章第一段第二句話提到“當科學怪人制造出怪物，他就陷入是否該讓這個怪物繁衍下一代的倫理問題的矛盾之中”(WhenDr.Frankensteinmadehismonster,hewrestledwiththemoralissueofwhetherheshouldallowittoreproduce)，因此可知，這里的it指的是創(chuàng)造出來的怪物。選項C符合題意。

6.單選題

Thegymhasequippedwithvariouspiecesofweight-lifting（）.

問題1選項

A.apparatus

B.appliance

C.gauge

D.implement

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項apparatus“裝置；設備”；B選項appliance“器具；器械”；C選項gauge“計量器；容量規(guī)格”；D選項implement“工具；器具”。句意：這個健身房有各種舉重……。apparatus一般可用為所有設備的總稱。appliance側重指家用機器或設備，尤指家用電器。implement原指史前人類所用的工具，現(xiàn)在多指農用工具，也可指為實現(xiàn)某個任務所需的工具或器具。地點是健身房，關鍵信息variouspiecesof“各種類型的”，在句中缺少對舉重設備的一個總的概括。因此A選項符合題意。

7.填空題

Europe’ssocialservicesfaceachallengingtime.AngelaMerkelisfondofsayingthatEuropehas7%oftheworld’spopulation,25%ofitswealthand50%ofitswelfarespending.(66)

Thefirstchallengeistotapourcollectiveintelligence.Therearemanytoolsavailabletoinvolvemorepeopleinthedesignandimplementationofsocialcarepolicies,throughplatformssuchas.Attheirbest,thesedrawontheexperiencesandexpertiseofserviceusersandfrontlineworkerstohelpsolveproblems.Theyputpeopleatthecentreofdesigningsocialservices.

Thesecondchallengeistocommittoexperimentation.(67)Somegovernments,withFinlandandCanadaatthevanguard,areexploringalternativestotop-downnationalpolicies.They—alongwithScotlandandtheNetherlands—aretrialinginnovativeschemessuchasuniversalbasicincome,inthehopethattheywillfindasimpler,fairerwayofsupportingcitizenswithoutdiscouragingthemfrompaidemploymentorvoluntarywork.

Third,governmentsneedtomakethemostofdigitaltechnology.(68)

Fourth,governmentsneedtobesmarteraboutdata.(69)Somelocalauthoritiesareshowingwhatcanbedone.Hackneycouncil,forexample,isworkingwithXanthuratodevelopanartificialintelligencemodelthatcanidentifychildrenatincreasedriskofendingupinstatutorychildren’ssocialcare,sotheycangetbettersupport—improvinglivesandsavingmoney.

(70)India’sbiometricidentitycardAadhaarhastransformedaccesstofinancialservicesforpoorercommunities,butithasalsomadeitpossibleforthegovernmenttoofferloansdirecttocitizensthatcanberepaidthroughthetaxsystem.

A.We’reusedtotheintegrationoftechnologywitheverydayactivitiessuchasshopping,travelandtransport,butsimilarplatformscanalsobeusedforpublicservices.

B.Nooneknowswhatsocialcaremodelswillworkbestin10or20years’time—theonlywaytofindoutisbyexperimenting.

C.Aroundtheworldtherearemanyexamplesofevenmoreradicalchangethatprovethepublicsectorcaninnovatewherethere’sthewill.

D.Ifthecontinentistoavoidacontinuedperiodofstagnationandausterity,itwillneedtoexploremoreradicaloptions.

E.Dataisattheheartofprivatesectorbusinessmodels,butgovernmentsandNGOshavebeenmuchslowertorealisehowdatacanhelpthem.

F.Theseinnovationsallhaveasharedethos:aspiritoflearningbydoing,testingideasoutonasmallscaleandthenimprovingthem.

【答案】66.D

67.B

68.A

69.E

70.C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.We’reusedtotheintegrationoftechnologywitheverydayactivitiessuchasshopping,travelandtransport,butsimilarplatformscanalsobeusedforpublicservices.A.我們習慣于將技術與購物、旅行和交通等日?；顒酉嘟Y合，但類似的平臺也可用于公共服務。

B.Nooneknowswhatsocialcaremodelswillworkbestin10or20years’time—theonlywaytofindoutisbyexperimenting.B.沒有人知道在10年或20年后，什么樣的社會護理模式是最有效的，唯一的方法就是通過實驗來發(fā)現(xiàn)。

C.Aroundtheworldtherearemanyexamplesofevenmoreradicalchangethatprovethepublicsectorcaninnovatewherethere’sthewill.C.在世界各地，有許多更激進的變革的例子，證明公共部門可以在有意愿的地方進行創(chuàng)新。

D.Ifthecontinentistoavoidacontinuedperiodofstagnationandausterity,itwillneedtoexploremoreradicaloptions.D.如果大陸要避免持續(xù)的停滯和緊縮，它就需要探索更多的激進選擇。

E.Dataisattheheartofprivatesectorbusinessmodels,butgovernmentsandNGOshavebeenmuchslowertorealisehowdatacanhelpthem.E.數(shù)據(jù)是私營部門商業(yè)模式的核心，但政府和非政府組織在意識到數(shù)據(jù)可以幫助他們方面卻慢得多。

F.Theseinnovationsallhaveasharedethos:aspiritoflearningbydoing,testingideasoutonasmallscaleandthenimprovingthem.F.這些創(chuàng)新都有一個共同的精神：在實踐中學習的精神，在小范圍內測試想法，然后改進它們。

66.【考查點】上下文關聯(lián)和詞匯銜接。

【解題思路】文章開頭說到“歐洲的社會服務面臨著挑戰(zhàn)（faceachallengingtime）?！?，下文分別介紹了面臨的具體挑戰(zhàn)和可以探索的措施，由此可知空格處應該是對于這些挑戰(zhàn)和措施的總起句，同時D選項中的“continent（大陸）”與上文的“Europe（歐洲）”相對應。因此D選項“如果大陸要避免持續(xù)的停滯和緊縮，它就需要探索更多的激進選擇?！闭_。

67.【考查點】詞匯銜接。

【解題思路】本段開頭說到“第二個挑戰(zhàn)是致力于實驗（experimentation）?！?，B選項中的“byexperimenting（通過實驗）”和上文的“experimentation（實驗）”相對應。因此B選項“沒有人知道在10年或20年后，什么樣的社會護理模式是最有效的，唯一的方法就是通過實驗來發(fā)現(xiàn)?！闭_。

68.【考查點】詞匯銜接。

【解題思路】本段開頭說到“政府需要充分利用數(shù)字技術（digitaltechnology）?！保珹選項中的“technology（技術）”和上文的“數(shù)字技術（digitaltechnology）”相對應。因此A選項“我們習慣于將技術與購物、旅行和交通等日?；顒酉嘟Y合，但類似的平臺也可用于公共服務?！闭_。

69.【考查點】詞匯銜接。

【解題思路】本段開頭說到“政府需要更聰明地處理數(shù)據(jù)（data）?！?，E選項中的“Data（數(shù)據(jù)）”和上文的“besmarteraboutdata（更聰明地處理數(shù)據(jù)）”相對應。因此E選項“數(shù)據(jù)是私營部門商業(yè)模式的核心，但政府和非政府組織在意識到數(shù)據(jù)可以幫助他們方面卻慢得多。”正確。

70.【考查點】上下文關聯(lián)。

【解題思路】上文介紹的是歐洲的情況，本段以位于歐洲之外的印度為例進行論證，C選項中的“Aroundtheworldtherearemanyexamples（在世界各地，有許多例子）”與下文的“India（印度）”相對應，起到了銜接作用。因此C選項“在世界各地，有許多更激進的變革的例子，證明公共部門可以在有意愿的地方進行創(chuàng)新?！闭_。

8.單選題

Soilnaturallycontainsharmlessamountsoflead,alongwithothermetals.Becauseofpollution,however,theamountsarehigherthecloseryougettocitiesandtowns.Butexpertssaythisshouldnotstopgardenersfromgrowingfoodiftheytakesafetymeasures.

DavidJohnsonisachemistryprofessorintheStateUniversityofNewYork’sCollegeofEnvironmentalScienceandForestry.Heexplainsthatleadcanenterthegroundfromleadedpaintandleadedfuelandfromindustry.

Andonceleadgetsintothesoil,itstaysalongtime.Itremainsanenvironmentalthreatespeciallytochildren.Leadcanharmmentalandphysicaldevelopmenteveninbabiesbeforetheyareborn.

Ifatestfindsthatsoilhastoomuchlead,youmightbeadvisedtoremovethesoilorcoveritwithsodgrass.Differentcountrieshavedifferentlevelsthattheyconsideracceptable.

CarlRosenoftheUniversityofMinnesotaExtensionnotesthatconcernsaboutleadhaveincreasednowthatmorepeopleareplantinggardens.ButProfessorRosensaysplantsgenerallydonotabsorbmuchlead.Hesaysthereislikelymoreriskfromleaddustonplantsorfromplayinginthesoilthanfromtheplantitself.

Still,someplantsdoabsorbmorethanothers.Expertssaygoodchoicesforthegardenincludetomatoes,peppers,beansandokra.Amongtheplantsthatcanabsorbmorecontaminants,theysay,arerootcrops,leafyvegetablesandherbs.Ifyougrowcarrots,forexample,youmightwanttopeelthem.Dirtmaybehardertoremovefromsomecropsthanfromothers.Butallproduceshouldbewashed.

Gardensshouldbeplantedawayfromroadsandstructures,especiallyoldbuilding.Homegardenersshouldplantawayfromthefoundationoftheirhouse.Andleadamountscanbeespeciallyhighnearindustrialareasandwastedumps.

SoilshouldalsobetestedforitsPHlevel,ameasureoftheacidandalkalinebalance.ExpertssaytheabilitytotakeupleadisreducedwhenthePHlevelisabovesixandahalf.Addingorganicmaterialsuchascomposttosoilcanalsomakeleadlessavailabletoplants.

Somepeopleattemptaprocesscalledphytoremediation.Theytrytoremoveleadfromsoilbygrowingcertainplantsthatcollectit.ButProfessorRosensaystheprocessiscomplexandmaynotwork.

1.AllofthefollowingistrueaboutleadinsoilEXCEPT（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,thereisanincreasedconcernabouttheleadbecause

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingplantsmaycontainthelowestamountoflead?

4.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageistoinformon（

）.

問題1選項

A.theamountofleadinsoilishigherincitiesthaninthecountry

B.soilnaturallycontainslead

C.foodshouldnotbeplantedinsoilwhichcontainsahighamountoflead

D.theprocessofphytoremediationmaynotbeabletoremoveleadfromsoil

問題2選項

A.thenumberofpeoplewhoplantgardensisincreasing

B.knowledgeabouttheharmofleadisincreasing

C.theamountofleadinsoilisincreasing

D.theamountofleadabsorbedbyplantsisincreasingbefore

問題3選項

A.Eggplants

B.Cabbage

C.Potatoes

D.Carrot

問題4選項

A.howleadgetsintosoil

B.howtodealwithtoomuchleadinsoilinthegarden

C.howtomakeyourgardenfreeoflead

D.howtotesttheamountofleadinthegarden

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。關于lead鉛的描述在文章出現(xiàn)多次。A選項“城市土壤中的鉛含量比農村高”對應文章第一段第二句“Becauseofpollution,however,theamountsarehigherthecloseryougettocitiesandtowns.然而，由于污染，你離城鎮(zhèn)越近，污染的數(shù)量就越高”；B選項“土壤天然含鉛”對應第一段第一句“Soilnaturallycontainsharmlessamountsoflead土壤中天然含有無害量的鉛”；D選項“植物修復的過程可能無法從土壤中去除鉛”對應文章最后一段最后一句“ButProfessorRosensaystheprocessiscomplexandmaynotwork但羅森教授表示，這個過程（植物修復）很復雜，可能行不通”。C選項“不應在含鉛量高的土壤中種植食物”與原文不符合，第一段最后說到“Butexpertssaythisshouldnotstopgardenersfromgrowingfoodiftheytakesafetymeasures但專家表示，如果采取安全措施，這（土壤中含有金屬）并不會妨礙園丁種植食物”。

2.事實細節(jié)題。題干關鍵在于“anincreasedconcernaboutlead對鉛的擔憂日益增加”，原因在第五段中“concernsaboutleadhaveincreasednowthatmorepeopleareplantinggardens隨著越來越多的人開始種植花園，人們對鉛的擔憂也與日俱增”。A選項“種植花園的人數(shù)在增加”符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。鉛含量最低的植物就是文中說到的最不吸收鉛的植物，第六段說到“goodchoicesforthegardenincludetomatoes,peppers,beansandokra.Amongtheplantsthatcanabsorbmorecontaminants,theysay,arerootcrops,leafyvegetablesandherbs菜園里的好選擇包括西紅柿、辣椒、豆子和秋葵。他們說，能吸收更多污染物的植物包括塊根類作物、多葉蔬菜和草本植物”，對比選項可知A選項“茄子”不屬于塊根類作物，也不是蔬菜和草本植物，因此A選項正確。

4.主旨大意題。文章第一段最后一句說到“thisshouldnotstopgardenersfromgrowingfoodiftheytakesafetymeasures如果采取一些安全措施，這種情況（土壤含金屬）不應該阻止種植者去種食物”，下面幾段都在重點講應對土壤中出現(xiàn)更高含量有害金屬的方法，因此本文主旨與B選項“如何應對菜園土壤中鉛含量過高的問題”相關。

9.單選題

Whenpeopleareaskedwhatkindofhousingtheyneedorwant,thequestion（）avarietyofanswers.

問題1選項

A.defies

B.magnifies

C.mediates

D.evokes

【答案】D

【解析】句意:當人們被問及他們需要或想要什么樣的住房時，這個問題引起了各種各樣的回答

考查動詞辨析。選項均為對應動詞的三單形式。defy藐視；公然反抗；挑釁；magnify放大：贊美；夸大;mediate調停；evoke引起；喚起。該動詞的賓語是avarietyofanswers(各種各樣的回答)，由此可知D項符合句意。

10.單選題

Theseverityofadjustmentproblemsexperiencedinasecondculturedependsontheindividual’sabilitytoadapttonewsituations.

問題1選項

A.excitement

B.intensity

C.solutions

D.importance

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。severity“嚴重性；嚴格；猛烈”；A選項excitement“興奮；刺激；令人新奇的事物”；B選項intensity“強度；強烈；緊張”；C選項solutions“解決方案；應對措施；溶液劑”；D選項importance“價值；重要；重大”。句意：在第二種文化中經歷的適應問題的嚴重程度取決于個人適應新情況的能力。題干指出“adjustmentproblemsexperiencedinasecondculture在第二種文化中所經歷的適應問題”，可推知severity在這里是“嚴重性”的意思，因此B選項正確。

11.單選題

Rumorsareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningclamsituationinto（）ones.

問題1選項

A.turbulent

B.tragic

C.vulnerable

D.suspicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項turbulent“動蕩的，湍流的”；B選項tragic“悲劇的，悲痛的，不幸的”；C選項vulnerable“易碎的，脆弱的”；D選項suspicious“可疑的，懷疑的”。句意：謠言無處不在，散布恐懼，損害名譽，使平靜的局面變得_____。根據(jù)句子邏輯，這里表達的是“使平靜的局面變得動蕩”，因此A選項符合題意。

12.單選題

Theextentofanation’spoweroveritscoastalecosystemsandthenaturalresourcesinitscoastalwatershasbeendefinedbytwointernationallawdoctrines:freedomoftheseasandadjacentstatesovereignty.Untilthemid-twentiethcentury,mostnationsfavoredapplicationofbroadopen-seasfreedomsandlimitedsovereignrightsovercoastalwaters.Anationhadtherighttoincludewithinitsterritorialdominiononlyaverynarrowbandofcoastalwaters(generallyextendingthreemilesfromtheshoreline),withinwhichithadtheauthority,butnottheresponsibility,toregulateallactivities.But,becausethisareaofterritorialdominionwassolimited,mostnationsdidnotestablishrulesformanagementorprotectionoftheirterritorialwaters.

Regardlessofwhetherornotnationsenforcedregulationsintheirterritorialwaters,largeoceanareasremainedfreeofcontrolsorrestrictions.Thecitizensofallnationshadtherighttousetheseunrestrictedoceanareasforanyinnocentpurpose,includingnavigationandfishing.Exceptforcontrolsoveritsowncitizens,nonationhadtheresponsibility,letalonetheunilateralauthority,tocontrolsuchactivitiesininternationalwaters.And,sincetherewerefewstandardsofconductthatappliedonthe“openseas”,therewerefewjurisdictionalconflictsbetweennations.

Thelackofstandardsistraceabletopopularperceptionsheldbeforethemiddleofthiscentury.Byandlarge,marinepollutionwasnotperceivedasasignificantproblem,inpartbecausetheadverseeffectofcoastalactivitiesonoceanecosystemswasnotwidelyrecognized,andpollutioncausedbyhumanactivitieswasgenerallybelievedtobelimitedtothatcausedbynavigation.Moreover,thefreedomtofish,oroverfish,wasanessentialelementofthetraditionallegaldoctrineoffreedomoftheseasthatnomaritimecountrywishedtoseelimited.Andfinally,thetechnologythatlaterallowedexploitationofotheroceanresources,suchas,oil,didnotyetexist.

Todate,controllingpollutionandregulatingoceanresourceshavestillnotbeencomprehensivelyaddressedbylaw,butinternationallaw-establishedthroughthecustomsandpracticesofnations-doesnotprecludesuchefforts.Andtworecentdevelopmentsmayactuallyleadtofutureinternationalrulesprovidingforecosystemmanagement.First,theestablishmentofextensivefisheryzones,extendingterritorialauthorityasfaras200milesoutfromacountry’scoast,hasprovidedtheopportunityfornationsindividuallytomanagelargerecosystems.Thisopportunity,combinedwithnationalself-interestinmaintainingfishpopulations,couldleadnationstoreevaluatepoliciesformanagementoftheirfisheriesandtoaddresstheproblemofpollutioninterritorialwaters.Second,theinternationalcommunityisbeginningtounderstandtheimportanceofpreservingtheresourcesandecologyofinternationalwatersandtoshowsignsofacceptingresponsibilityfordoingso.Asaninternationalconsensusregardingtheneedforcomprehensivemanagementofoceanresourcesdevelops,itwillbecomemorelikelythatinternationalstandardsandpoliciesforbroaderregulationofhumanactivitiesthataffectoceanecosystemswillbeadoptedandimplemented.

61.Accordingtothepassage,untilthemid-twentiethcenturytherewerefewjurisdictionaldisputesoverinternationalwatersbecause______.

62.Accordingtheinternationallawdoctrinesapplicablebeforethemid-twentiethcentury,ifcommercialactivitywithinaparticularnation’sterritorialwatersthreatenedallmarinelifeinthosewaters,thenationwouldhavebeen______.

63.Theauthorsuggeststhatbeforethemid-twentiethcentury,mostnations’actionswithrespecttoterritorialandinternationalwatersindicatedthat______.

64.Theauthorciteswhichoneofthefollowingasaneffectoftheextensionofterritorialwatersbeyondthethreemileslimit?

65.Thepassageasawholecanbestbedescribedas______.

問題1選項

A.fewcontrolsorrestrictionsappliedtooceanareas

B.theoceanareaswereusedforonlyinnocentpurposes

C.thefreedomoftheseasdoctrinesettledallclaimsconcerningnavigationandfishing

D.broadauthorityoverinternationalwaterswassharedequallyamongallnations

問題2選項

A.formallycensuredbyaninternationalorganizationfornotproperlyregulatingmarineactivities

B.calleduponbyothernationstoestablishrulestoprotectitsterritorialwaters

C.ablebutnotrequiredtoplacelegallimitsonsuchcommercialactivities

D.allowedtoresolvetheproblematitsowndiscretionprovidingitcouldcontainthethreattoitsownterritorialwaters

問題3選項

A.managingecosystemsineitherterritorialorinternationalwaterswasgiverlowpriority

B.unlimitedresourcesininternationalwatersresultedinlittleinterestinterritorialwaters

C.nationsconsideredittheirresponsibilitytoprotectterritorialbutnotinternationalwaters

D.althoughnationscouldextendtheirterritorialdominionbeyondthreemilesfromtheirshoreline,mostchosenottodoso

問題4選項

A.Increasedpoliticalpressureonindividualnationstoestablishcomprehensivelawsregulatingoceanresources.

B.Agreaternumberofjurisdictionaldisputesamongnationsovertheregulationoffishingontheopenseas.

C.Theopportunityforsomenationstomanagelargeoceanecosystems.

D.Apoliticalincentiveforsmallernationstosolvetheproblemsofpollutionintheircoastalwaters.

問題5選項

A.achronologyoftheeventsthathaveleduptoapresent-daycrisis

B.alegalinquiryintotheabuseofexistinglawsandthelikelihoodofreform

C.apoliticalanalysisoftheproblemsinherentindirectingnationalattentiontoanintern