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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-曲阜遠(yuǎn)東職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題
We()thathecannotfinishtheworkbeforeJune15.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.prosecute
B.meddle
C.presume
D.mingle
【答案】C
【解析】動詞辨析。句意:我們他不能在六月十五號之前完成工作。prosecute起訴;meddle干涉;presume假設(shè),認(rèn)為;mingle使混合,與……交往。因此,C項(xiàng)符合句意。
2.單選題
Giventheotherconstitutionalgroundselaboratedbythejustices,theassociation()thatschoolsshouldcontinuetotest,iftheysochoose.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.preserves
B.safeguards
C.maintains
D.conserves
【答案】C
【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)preserve“保護(hù)、保存”;B選項(xiàng)safeguard“保護(hù)、保衛(wèi)”;C選項(xiàng)maintain“維護(hù)、維持”;D選項(xiàng)conserve“保存、保護(hù)”,句意為:考慮到法官們闡述的其他憲法依據(jù),協(xié)會堅持認(rèn)為,如果學(xué)校選擇繼續(xù)進(jìn)行考試的話,他們應(yīng)該繼續(xù)進(jìn)行考試。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
3.單選題
Protozoanlocomotionsharessomeofthebasicmechanismsofmolecularcontractionencounteredinthefunctioningoftheflagellaandciliaofhigheranimals.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.reproduction
B.digestion
C.movement
D.compartment
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)reproduction“繁殖”;B選項(xiàng)digestion“消化”;C選項(xiàng)movement“運(yùn)動”;D選項(xiàng)compartment“區(qū)劃”。句意:原生動物的運(yùn)動與高等動物的鞭毛和纖毛的功能有一些相同的分子收縮的基本機(jī)制。劃線部分locomotion是運(yùn)動的意思。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
4.單選題
Mymotherraisedmeasbestasshecould,takingonoddjobsintheneighborhoodformoney.Stillwithoutafathertotellmehowtoactandwhatwasexpectedofme,Ifeltlost.IwanderedforyearsandgotinvolvedwithtoughguysontheEastSideofNewYork.Theywouldfightmadlyoveradroppedcoin.Theywouldstealtogetwhattheywanted.Iwantedtobelikethem.
ItwasluckyformethatIleftthecityandenteredaworldofdiscipline,afterfollowingmymother’sadvice.Duringthreeyearsofmilitaryservice,Ihadtimetorethinkmylife,andmythoughtsoftenrantomymother.IrealizedsuddenlyjusthowmuchofaheartacheImusthavebeentoher,howlittleIhadnoticedhersuffering.Whenmyfatherleftthisworld,mymotherwascompletelyalone.Tosupportus,mymothercleanedapartmentsandtookinwashingandironingfromtheneighbors.Andassheworkedhardatthislabor,shekeptherheadhigh.Eachweekshewouldbringapileofbookshomefromthelibraryandreadtous.Mymotherhadwantednothingmorethanformetoturnintoanhonestresponsibleman.ButIhadactedagainsther.Finally,almosttoolateIhadthesensetofeelshame.
TenyearspassedandIreturnedtotheapartmentontheEastSide.IknewIwouldn’tfallbackinwiththewrongpeople,althoughIstillwasn’tsurewhereIwasheading.Mymother,Icouldtellwasworriedaboutme.Inmyneighborhood,tobecomeapoliceofficerorafirefighterwasamarkofsignificantsocialsuccessandachievement.Formeitwasanopportunityforarealstartinlife.IwonderedifIwasuptoit,butIknewthatitwastimetotry.WhenIfoundmyselfinthebighallraisingmyhandstotakethefirefighter’soathofoffice,mymotherwassittingafewrowsbehindwithasmileofrelief.SheknewthatatlastIwasoffonlife’sroadandmovingsteadily.Hersmilesaid,“Myjobisfinallydone.”
1.Fromthisstory,wemayguessthattheEastSideofNewYorkmustbea()area.
2.Theauthorusedtobehavehimself().
3.Fromthecontext,weunderstandthat“oddjobs”inthefirstparagraphrefertojobs().
4.Inthefirstsentenceofthesecondparagraph,theauthorsays“Itwasluckyformethat...”Theluckyexperiencehetalksabouthereishisexperienceof().
5.WhatisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.commercial
B.rich
C.poor
D.distant
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.oddly
B.toughly
C.remarkably
D.badly
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.ofcleaning,washingandironing
B.whicharenotregularorfixed
C.whichonecanmakeextramoneywith
D.withhousework
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.thethreeyearsofmilitaryservice
B.leavingaworldofdiscipline
C.leavingthecityandhismother
D.fightingwithtoughguys
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Afterherhusbanddied,hismotherdidallavailablejobstosupportthefamily.
B.Theauthorwassurprisedthathewasacceptedasafirefighter.
C.Theauthorfinallyrealizedthathismotheralwayswantedhimtobeanhonestandresponsibleman.
D.Infaceofpoverty,hismotherneverloweredherhead.Shebravelystruggledon.
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:A
第5題:B
【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段“Theywouldfightmadlyoveradroppedcoin.Theywouldstealtogetwhattheywanted.”他們會為一枚掉在地上的硬幣瘋狂地打斗,他們會去偷想要的東西。由此可以推斷,這個地區(qū)很貧窮,選項(xiàng)C正確。
2.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第二段的首句“ItwasluckyformethatIleftthecityandenteredaworldofdiscipline,...”我很幸運(yùn),在聽從了母親的建議后,我離開了這座城市,進(jìn)入了一個有紀(jì)律的世界。根據(jù)“discipline”可推測,作者以前的表現(xiàn)應(yīng)該是badly,選項(xiàng)D最恰當(dāng)。
3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段,可知“oddjobs”是母親做的工作。再根據(jù)第二段“Tosupportus,mymothercleanedapartmentsandtookinwashingandironingfromtheneighbors.”所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。
4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Duringthreeyearsofmilitaryservice,Ihadtimetorethinkmylife,...”可知,作者覺得幸運(yùn)的經(jīng)歷是在部隊(duì)服役的三年經(jīng)歷。選項(xiàng)A正確。
5.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第二段后半部分的內(nèi)容可知選項(xiàng)A和D正確;根據(jù)第二段最后三句“Mymotherhad...thesensetofeelshame.”可知選項(xiàng)C也正確;所以本題選B。
5.單選題
Inthenextcenturywe’llbeabletoalterourDNAradically,encodingourvisionsandvanitieswhileconcoctingnewlife-forms.WhenDr.Frankensteinmadehismonster,hewrestledwiththemoralissueofwhetherheshouldallowittoreproduce,“HadItheright,formyownbenefit,toinflictthecurseuponeverlastinggenerations?”Willsuchquestionsrequireustodevelopnewmoralphilosophies?
Probablynot.Instead,we’llreachagainforatimetestedincalledtheGoldenRuleandwhichKant,themillennium’smostprudentmoralist,conjuredupintoacategoricalimperative:Dountoothersasyouwouldhavethemdountoyou;treateachpersonasanindividualratherthanasameanstosomeend.
Underthismoralpreceptweshouldrecoilathumancloning,becauseitinevitablyentailsusinghumansasmeanstootherhumans’endsandvaluingthemascopiesofotherswelovedorascollectionsofbodyparts,notasindividualsintheirownright.Weshouldalsodrawaline,howeverfuzzy,thatwouldpermitusinggeneticengineeringtocurediseasesanddisabilitiesbutnottochangethepersonalattributesthatmakesomeoneanindividual(IQ,physicalappearance,genderandsexuality).
Thebiotechagewillalsogiveusmorereasontoguardourpersonalprivacy.AldousHuxleyinBraveNewWorld,gotitwrong:ratherthancentralizingpowerinthehandsofthestate,DNAtechnologyhasempoweredindividualsandfamilies.Butthestatewillhaveanimportantrole,makingsurethatnoone,includinginsurancecompanies,canlookatourgeneticdatawithoutourpermissionoruseittodiscriminateagainstus.
Thenwecangetreadyforthebreakthroughsthatcouldcomeattheendofthenextcenturyandthetechnologyiscomparabletomappingourgenes:plottingthe10billionormoreneuronsofourbrain.Withthatinformationwemightsomedaybeabletocreateartificialintelligencesthatthinkandexperienceconsciousnessinwaysthatareindistinguishablefromahumanbrain.Eventuallywemightbeabletoreplicateourownmindsina“dryware”machine,sothatwecouldliveonwithoutthe“wetware”ofabiologicalbrainandbody.The20thcentury’srevolutionininfotechnologywilltherebymergewiththe21stcentury’srevolutioninbiotechnology.Butthisissciencefiction.Let’sturnthepagenowandgetbacktorealscience.
1.Dr.Frankenstein'sremarksarementionedinthetext(
).
2.Itcanbeconcludedfromthetextthatthetechnologyofhumancloningshouldbeemployed(
).
3.Fromthetext,welearnthatAldousHuxleyisoftheopinionthat(
).
4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
5.Whatdoestheword"it"inSentence2,Paragraph1referto(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.togiveanepisodeoftheDNAtechnologicalbreakthroughs
B.tohighlighttheimportanceofameanstosomeeverlastingends
C.toshowhowhecreatedanewformoflifeathousandyearsago
D.tointroducethetopicofmoralphilosophiesincurredinbiotechnology
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.excessivelyandextravagantly
B.reasonablyandcautiously
C.aggressivelyandindiscriminately
D.openlyandenthusiastically
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.DNAtechnologyshouldbeplacedinthechargeofindividuals
B.governmentshouldassumelesscontroloverindividuals
C.peopleneedgovernmenttoprotecttheirDNDinformation
D.oldmoralpreceptsshouldbeabolishedonhumancloning
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Thebiotechagewillgiveoutmorepersonalprivacy
B.DNAtechnologyhasreducedthepowerofindividual
C.Inthe21stcentury,peoplecanchangetheirDNAslightly
D.Weshouldnotattempthumancloning
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Frankenstein
B.DNA
C.themonster
D.Themoralissue
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:D
第5題:C
【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目所問的是“文中提到科學(xué)怪人的目的是什么?”文章第一段第二句提到“當(dāng)科學(xué)怪人制造出怪物,他就陷入是否該讓這個怪物繁衍下一代的倫理問題的矛盾之中,‘為了我自身的利益,讓子子孫孫來承受這個詛咒?’這樣的問題需要我們建立新的倫理觀嗎?”(WhenDr.Frankensteinmadehismonster,hewrestledwiththemoralissueofwhetherheshouldallowittoreproduce,“HadItheright,formyownbenefit,toinflictthecurseuponeverlastinggenerations?”Willsuchquestionsrequireustodevelopnewmoralphilosophies?),由以上可得出選項(xiàng)D“引出生物技術(shù)中的倫理問題這個話題”符合題意。
2.推理判斷題。題目所問的是“從文中可知人類克隆技術(shù)應(yīng)該使用的方法是什么?”文章第一段通過“科學(xué)怪人”這個例子引出生物科學(xué)中的倫理問題;第二段提到哲學(xué)家康德的觀點(diǎn)Dountoothersasyouwouldhavethemdountoyou;treateachpersonasanindividualratherthanasameanstosomeend(將每個人當(dāng)作個體來對待,而不是作為一種手段);第三段提到在上文提到的準(zhǔn)則下,我們應(yīng)該放棄克隆技術(shù)(Underthismoralpreceptweshouldrecoilathumancloning);第四段提到生物科技的時代將給我們更多保護(hù)隱私的理由(Thebiotechagewillalsogiveusmorereasontoguardourpersonalprivacy)。由此可知,克隆技術(shù)的使用應(yīng)該是合理并且謹(jǐn)慎的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目所問的是“從文章中可知,AldousHuxley的觀點(diǎn)是什么?”文章第四段第二句提到“在他的作品《美麗新世界》中,赫胥黎犯了一個錯誤:DNA技術(shù)的主動權(quán)在個人和家庭手中,而不是在權(quán)力集中的國家手中”(AldousHuxleyinBraveNewWorld,gotitwrong:ratherthancentralizingpowerinthehandsofthestate,DNAtechnologyhasempoweredindividualsandfamilies),因此,選項(xiàng)A“DNA技術(shù)應(yīng)該掌握在個人手中”是赫胥黎的觀點(diǎn),符合題意。
4.推理判斷題。題目所問的是“下列說法哪個正確?”文章第三段第一句提到“在這個道德準(zhǔn)則下,我們應(yīng)該放棄克隆技術(shù),因?yàn)樗鼤豢杀苊獾刈屢恍┤顺蔀榱硪恍┤诉_(dá)到目標(biāo)的手段,而不是將每個人當(dāng)作個體來對待”(Underthismoralpreceptweshouldrecoilathumancloning,becauseitinevitablyentailsusinghumansasmeanstootherhumans’endsandvaluingthemascopiesofotherswelovedorascollectionsofbodyparts,notasindividualsintheirownright),選項(xiàng)D“我們不應(yīng)該進(jìn)行人類克隆”符合題意。
5.詞義題。題目所問的是“‘it’指的是什么?”文章第一段第二句話提到“當(dāng)科學(xué)怪人制造出怪物,他就陷入是否該讓這個怪物繁衍下一代的倫理問題的矛盾之中”(WhenDr.Frankensteinmadehismonster,hewrestledwiththemoralissueofwhetherheshouldallowittoreproduce),因此可知,這里的it指的是創(chuàng)造出來的怪物。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
6.單選題
Thegymhasequippedwithvariouspiecesofweight-lifting().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.apparatus
B.appliance
C.gauge
D.implement
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)apparatus“裝置;設(shè)備”;B選項(xiàng)appliance“器具;器械”;C選項(xiàng)gauge“計量器;容量規(guī)格”;D選項(xiàng)implement“工具;器具”。句意:這個健身房有各種舉重……。apparatus一般可用為所有設(shè)備的總稱。appliance側(cè)重指家用機(jī)器或設(shè)備,尤指家用電器。implement原指史前人類所用的工具,現(xiàn)在多指農(nóng)用工具,也可指為實(shí)現(xiàn)某個任務(wù)所需的工具或器具。地點(diǎn)是健身房,關(guān)鍵信息variouspiecesof“各種類型的”,在句中缺少對舉重設(shè)備的一個總的概括。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
7.填空題
Europe’ssocialservicesfaceachallengingtime.AngelaMerkelisfondofsayingthatEuropehas7%oftheworld’spopulation,25%ofitswealthand50%ofitswelfarespending.(66)
Thefirstchallengeistotapourcollectiveintelligence.Therearemanytoolsavailabletoinvolvemorepeopleinthedesignandimplementationofsocialcarepolicies,throughplatformssuchas.Attheirbest,thesedrawontheexperiencesandexpertiseofserviceusersandfrontlineworkerstohelpsolveproblems.Theyputpeopleatthecentreofdesigningsocialservices.
Thesecondchallengeistocommittoexperimentation.(67)Somegovernments,withFinlandandCanadaatthevanguard,areexploringalternativestotop-downnationalpolicies.They—alongwithScotlandandtheNetherlands—aretrialinginnovativeschemessuchasuniversalbasicincome,inthehopethattheywillfindasimpler,fairerwayofsupportingcitizenswithoutdiscouragingthemfrompaidemploymentorvoluntarywork.
Third,governmentsneedtomakethemostofdigitaltechnology.(68)
Fourth,governmentsneedtobesmarteraboutdata.(69)Somelocalauthoritiesareshowingwhatcanbedone.Hackneycouncil,forexample,isworkingwithXanthuratodevelopanartificialintelligencemodelthatcanidentifychildrenatincreasedriskofendingupinstatutorychildren’ssocialcare,sotheycangetbettersupport—improvinglivesandsavingmoney.
(70)India’sbiometricidentitycardAadhaarhastransformedaccesstofinancialservicesforpoorercommunities,butithasalsomadeitpossibleforthegovernmenttoofferloansdirecttocitizensthatcanberepaidthroughthetaxsystem.
A.We’reusedtotheintegrationoftechnologywitheverydayactivitiessuchasshopping,travelandtransport,butsimilarplatformscanalsobeusedforpublicservices.
B.Nooneknowswhatsocialcaremodelswillworkbestin10or20years’time—theonlywaytofindoutisbyexperimenting.
C.Aroundtheworldtherearemanyexamplesofevenmoreradicalchangethatprovethepublicsectorcaninnovatewherethere’sthewill.
D.Ifthecontinentistoavoidacontinuedperiodofstagnationandausterity,itwillneedtoexploremoreradicaloptions.
E.Dataisattheheartofprivatesectorbusinessmodels,butgovernmentsandNGOshavebeenmuchslowertorealisehowdatacanhelpthem.
F.Theseinnovationsallhaveasharedethos:aspiritoflearningbydoing,testingideasoutonasmallscaleandthenimprovingthem.
【答案】66.D
67.B
68.A
69.E
70.C
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.We’reusedtotheintegrationoftechnologywitheverydayactivitiessuchasshopping,travelandtransport,butsimilarplatformscanalsobeusedforpublicservices.A.我們習(xí)慣于將技術(shù)與購物、旅行和交通等日常活動相結(jié)合,但類似的平臺也可用于公共服務(wù)。
B.Nooneknowswhatsocialcaremodelswillworkbestin10or20years’time—theonlywaytofindoutisbyexperimenting.B.沒有人知道在10年或20年后,什么樣的社會護(hù)理模式是最有效的,唯一的方法就是通過實(shí)驗(yàn)來發(fā)現(xiàn)。
C.Aroundtheworldtherearemanyexamplesofevenmoreradicalchangethatprovethepublicsectorcaninnovatewherethere’sthewill.C.在世界各地,有許多更激進(jìn)的變革的例子,證明公共部門可以在有意愿的地方進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新。
D.Ifthecontinentistoavoidacontinuedperiodofstagnationandausterity,itwillneedtoexploremoreradicaloptions.D.如果大陸要避免持續(xù)的停滯和緊縮,它就需要探索更多的激進(jìn)選擇。
E.Dataisattheheartofprivatesectorbusinessmodels,butgovernmentsandNGOshavebeenmuchslowertorealisehowdatacanhelpthem.E.數(shù)據(jù)是私營部門商業(yè)模式的核心,但政府和非政府組織在意識到數(shù)據(jù)可以幫助他們方面卻慢得多。
F.Theseinnovationsallhaveasharedethos:aspiritoflearningbydoing,testingideasoutonasmallscaleandthenimprovingthem.F.這些創(chuàng)新都有一個共同的精神:在實(shí)踐中學(xué)習(xí)的精神,在小范圍內(nèi)測試想法,然后改進(jìn)它們。
66.【考查點(diǎn)】上下文關(guān)聯(lián)和詞匯銜接。
【解題思路】文章開頭說到“歐洲的社會服務(wù)面臨著挑戰(zhàn)(faceachallengingtime)?!?,下文分別介紹了面臨的具體挑戰(zhàn)和可以探索的措施,由此可知空格處應(yīng)該是對于這些挑戰(zhàn)和措施的總起句,同時D選項(xiàng)中的“continent(大陸)”與上文的“Europe(歐洲)”相對應(yīng)。因此D選項(xiàng)“如果大陸要避免持續(xù)的停滯和緊縮,它就需要探索更多的激進(jìn)選擇?!闭_。
67.【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯銜接。
【解題思路】本段開頭說到“第二個挑戰(zhàn)是致力于實(shí)驗(yàn)(experimentation)?!保珺選項(xiàng)中的“byexperimenting(通過實(shí)驗(yàn))”和上文的“experimentation(實(shí)驗(yàn))”相對應(yīng)。因此B選項(xiàng)“沒有人知道在10年或20年后,什么樣的社會護(hù)理模式是最有效的,唯一的方法就是通過實(shí)驗(yàn)來發(fā)現(xiàn)?!闭_。
68.【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯銜接。
【解題思路】本段開頭說到“政府需要充分利用數(shù)字技術(shù)(digitaltechnology)?!?,A選項(xiàng)中的“technology(技術(shù))”和上文的“數(shù)字技術(shù)(digitaltechnology)”相對應(yīng)。因此A選項(xiàng)“我們習(xí)慣于將技術(shù)與購物、旅行和交通等日?;顒酉嘟Y(jié)合,但類似的平臺也可用于公共服務(wù)?!闭_。
69.【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯銜接。
【解題思路】本段開頭說到“政府需要更聰明地處理數(shù)據(jù)(data)。”,E選項(xiàng)中的“Data(數(shù)據(jù))”和上文的“besmarteraboutdata(更聰明地處理數(shù)據(jù))”相對應(yīng)。因此E選項(xiàng)“數(shù)據(jù)是私營部門商業(yè)模式的核心,但政府和非政府組織在意識到數(shù)據(jù)可以幫助他們方面卻慢得多?!闭_。
70.【考查點(diǎn)】上下文關(guān)聯(lián)。
【解題思路】上文介紹的是歐洲的情況,本段以位于歐洲之外的印度為例進(jìn)行論證,C選項(xiàng)中的“Aroundtheworldtherearemanyexamples(在世界各地,有許多例子)”與下文的“India(印度)”相對應(yīng),起到了銜接作用。因此C選項(xiàng)“在世界各地,有許多更激進(jìn)的變革的例子,證明公共部門可以在有意愿的地方進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新?!闭_。
8.單選題
Soilnaturallycontainsharmlessamountsoflead,alongwithothermetals.Becauseofpollution,however,theamountsarehigherthecloseryougettocitiesandtowns.Butexpertssaythisshouldnotstopgardenersfromgrowingfoodiftheytakesafetymeasures.
DavidJohnsonisachemistryprofessorintheStateUniversityofNewYork’sCollegeofEnvironmentalScienceandForestry.Heexplainsthatleadcanenterthegroundfromleadedpaintandleadedfuelandfromindustry.
Andonceleadgetsintothesoil,itstaysalongtime.Itremainsanenvironmentalthreatespeciallytochildren.Leadcanharmmentalandphysicaldevelopmenteveninbabiesbeforetheyareborn.
Ifatestfindsthatsoilhastoomuchlead,youmightbeadvisedtoremovethesoilorcoveritwithsodgrass.Differentcountrieshavedifferentlevelsthattheyconsideracceptable.
CarlRosenoftheUniversityofMinnesotaExtensionnotesthatconcernsaboutleadhaveincreasednowthatmorepeopleareplantinggardens.ButProfessorRosensaysplantsgenerallydonotabsorbmuchlead.Hesaysthereislikelymoreriskfromleaddustonplantsorfromplayinginthesoilthanfromtheplantitself.
Still,someplantsdoabsorbmorethanothers.Expertssaygoodchoicesforthegardenincludetomatoes,peppers,beansandokra.Amongtheplantsthatcanabsorbmorecontaminants,theysay,arerootcrops,leafyvegetablesandherbs.Ifyougrowcarrots,forexample,youmightwanttopeelthem.Dirtmaybehardertoremovefromsomecropsthanfromothers.Butallproduceshouldbewashed.
Gardensshouldbeplantedawayfromroadsandstructures,especiallyoldbuilding.Homegardenersshouldplantawayfromthefoundationoftheirhouse.Andleadamountscanbeespeciallyhighnearindustrialareasandwastedumps.
SoilshouldalsobetestedforitsPHlevel,ameasureoftheacidandalkalinebalance.ExpertssaytheabilitytotakeupleadisreducedwhenthePHlevelisabovesixandahalf.Addingorganicmaterialsuchascomposttosoilcanalsomakeleadlessavailabletoplants.
Somepeopleattemptaprocesscalledphytoremediation.Theytrytoremoveleadfromsoilbygrowingcertainplantsthatcollectit.ButProfessorRosensaystheprocessiscomplexandmaynotwork.
1.AllofthefollowingistrueaboutleadinsoilEXCEPT(
).
2.Accordingtothepassage,thereisanincreasedconcernabouttheleadbecause
(
).
3.Whichofthefollowingplantsmaycontainthelowestamountoflead?
4.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageistoinformon(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.theamountofleadinsoilishigherincitiesthaninthecountry
B.soilnaturallycontainslead
C.foodshouldnotbeplantedinsoilwhichcontainsahighamountoflead
D.theprocessofphytoremediationmaynotbeabletoremoveleadfromsoil
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.thenumberofpeoplewhoplantgardensisincreasing
B.knowledgeabouttheharmofleadisincreasing
C.theamountofleadinsoilisincreasing
D.theamountofleadabsorbedbyplantsisincreasingbefore
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Eggplants
B.Cabbage
C.Potatoes
D.Carrot
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.howleadgetsintosoil
B.howtodealwithtoomuchleadinsoilinthegarden
C.howtomakeyourgardenfreeoflead
D.howtotesttheamountofleadinthegarden
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:A
第3題:A
第4題:B
【解析】1.判斷推理題。關(guān)于lead鉛的描述在文章出現(xiàn)多次。A選項(xiàng)“城市土壤中的鉛含量比農(nóng)村高”對應(yīng)文章第一段第二句“Becauseofpollution,however,theamountsarehigherthecloseryougettocitiesandtowns.然而,由于污染,你離城鎮(zhèn)越近,污染的數(shù)量就越高”;B選項(xiàng)“土壤天然含鉛”對應(yīng)第一段第一句“Soilnaturallycontainsharmlessamountsoflead土壤中天然含有無害量的鉛”;D選項(xiàng)“植物修復(fù)的過程可能無法從土壤中去除鉛”對應(yīng)文章最后一段最后一句“ButProfessorRosensaystheprocessiscomplexandmaynotwork但羅森教授表示,這個過程(植物修復(fù))很復(fù)雜,可能行不通”。C選項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)在含鉛量高的土壤中種植食物”與原文不符合,第一段最后說到“Butexpertssaythisshouldnotstopgardenersfromgrowingfoodiftheytakesafetymeasures但專家表示,如果采取安全措施,這(土壤中含有金屬)并不會妨礙園丁種植食物”。
2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干關(guān)鍵在于“anincreasedconcernaboutlead對鉛的擔(dān)憂日益增加”,原因在第五段中“concernsaboutleadhaveincreasednowthatmorepeopleareplantinggardens隨著越來越多的人開始種植花園,人們對鉛的擔(dān)憂也與日俱增”。A選項(xiàng)“種植花園的人數(shù)在增加”符合題意。
3.判斷推理題。鉛含量最低的植物就是文中說到的最不吸收鉛的植物,第六段說到“goodchoicesforthegardenincludetomatoes,peppers,beansandokra.Amongtheplantsthatcanabsorbmorecontaminants,theysay,arerootcrops,leafyvegetablesandherbs菜園里的好選擇包括西紅柿、辣椒、豆子和秋葵。他們說,能吸收更多污染物的植物包括塊根類作物、多葉蔬菜和草本植物”,對比選項(xiàng)可知A選項(xiàng)“茄子”不屬于塊根類作物,也不是蔬菜和草本植物,因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
4.主旨大意題。文章第一段最后一句說到“thisshouldnotstopgardenersfromgrowingfoodiftheytakesafetymeasures如果采取一些安全措施,這種情況(土壤含金屬)不應(yīng)該阻止種植者去種食物”,下面幾段都在重點(diǎn)講應(yīng)對土壤中出現(xiàn)更高含量有害金屬的方法,因此本文主旨與B選項(xiàng)“如何應(yīng)對菜園土壤中鉛含量過高的問題”相關(guān)。
9.單選題
Whenpeopleareaskedwhatkindofhousingtheyneedorwant,thequestion()avarietyofanswers.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.defies
B.magnifies
C.mediates
D.evokes
【答案】D
【解析】句意:當(dāng)人們被問及他們需要或想要什么樣的住房時,這個問題引起了各種各樣的回答
考查動詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對應(yīng)動詞的三單形式。defy藐視;公然反抗;挑釁;magnify放大:贊美;夸大;mediate調(diào)停;evoke引起;喚起。該動詞的賓語是avarietyofanswers(各種各樣的回答),由此可知D項(xiàng)符合句意。
10.單選題
Theseverityofadjustmentproblemsexperiencedinasecondculturedependsontheindividual’sabilitytoadapttonewsituations.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.excitement
B.intensity
C.solutions
D.importance
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。severity“嚴(yán)重性;嚴(yán)格;猛烈”;A選項(xiàng)excitement“興奮;刺激;令人新奇的事物”;B選項(xiàng)intensity“強(qiáng)度;強(qiáng)烈;緊張”;C選項(xiàng)solutions“解決方案;應(yīng)對措施;溶液劑”;D選項(xiàng)importance“價值;重要;重大”。句意:在第二種文化中經(jīng)歷的適應(yīng)問題的嚴(yán)重程度取決于個人適應(yīng)新情況的能力。題干指出“adjustmentproblemsexperiencedinasecondculture在第二種文化中所經(jīng)歷的適應(yīng)問題”,可推知severity在這里是“嚴(yán)重性”的意思,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
11.單選題
Rumorsareeverywhere,spreadingfear,damagingreputations,andturningclamsituationinto()ones.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.turbulent
B.tragic
C.vulnerable
D.suspicious
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)turbulent“動蕩的,湍流的”;B選項(xiàng)tragic“悲劇的,悲痛的,不幸的”;C選項(xiàng)vulnerable“易碎的,脆弱的”;D選項(xiàng)suspicious“可疑的,懷疑的”。句意:謠言無處不在,散布恐懼,損害名譽(yù),使平靜的局面變得_____。根據(jù)句子邏輯,這里表達(dá)的是“使平靜的局面變得動蕩”,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
12.單選題
Theextentofanation’spoweroveritscoastalecosystemsandthenaturalresourcesinitscoastalwatershasbeendefinedbytwointernationallawdoctrines:freedomoftheseasandadjacentstatesovereignty.Untilthemid-twentiethcentury,mostnationsfavoredapplicationofbroadopen-seasfreedomsandlimitedsovereignrightsovercoastalwaters.Anationhadtherighttoincludewithinitsterritorialdominiononlyaverynarrowbandofcoastalwaters(generallyextendingthreemilesfromtheshoreline),withinwhichithadtheauthority,butnottheresponsibility,toregulateallactivities.But,becausethisareaofterritorialdominionwassolimited,mostnationsdidnotestablishrulesformanagementorprotectionoftheirterritorialwaters.
Regardlessofwhetherornotnationsenforcedregulationsintheirterritorialwaters,largeoceanareasremainedfreeofcontrolsorrestrictions.Thecitizensofallnationshadtherighttousetheseunrestrictedoceanareasforanyinnocentpurpose,includingnavigationandfishing.Exceptforcontrolsoveritsowncitizens,nonationhadtheresponsibility,letalonetheunilateralauthority,tocontrolsuchactivitiesininternationalwaters.And,sincetherewerefewstandardsofconductthatappliedonthe“openseas”,therewerefewjurisdictionalconflictsbetweennations.
Thelackofstandardsistraceabletopopularperceptionsheldbeforethemiddleofthiscentury.Byandlarge,marinepollutionwasnotperceivedasasignificantproblem,inpartbecausetheadverseeffectofcoastalactivitiesonoceanecosystemswasnotwidelyrecognized,andpollutioncausedbyhumanactivitieswasgenerallybelievedtobelimitedtothatcausedbynavigation.Moreover,thefreedomtofish,oroverfish,wasanessentialelementofthetraditionallegaldoctrineoffreedomoftheseasthatnomaritimecountrywishedtoseelimited.Andfinally,thetechnologythatlaterallowedexploitationofotheroceanresources,suchas,oil,didnotyetexist.
Todate,controllingpollutionandregulatingoceanresourceshavestillnotbeencomprehensivelyaddressedbylaw,butinternationallaw-establishedthroughthecustomsandpracticesofnations-doesnotprecludesuchefforts.Andtworecentdevelopmentsmayactuallyleadtofutureinternationalrulesprovidingforecosystemmanagement.First,theestablishmentofextensivefisheryzones,extendingterritorialauthorityasfaras200milesoutfromacountry’scoast,hasprovidedtheopportunityfornationsindividuallytomanagelargerecosystems.Thisopportunity,combinedwithnationalself-interestinmaintainingfishpopulations,couldleadnationstoreevaluatepoliciesformanagementoftheirfisheriesandtoaddresstheproblemofpollutioninterritorialwaters.Second,theinternationalcommunityisbeginningtounderstandtheimportanceofpreservingtheresourcesandecologyofinternationalwatersandtoshowsignsofacceptingresponsibilityfordoingso.Asaninternationalconsensusregardingtheneedforcomprehensivemanagementofoceanresourcesdevelops,itwillbecomemorelikelythatinternationalstandardsandpoliciesforbroaderregulationofhumanactivitiesthataffectoceanecosystemswillbeadoptedandimplemented.
61.Accordingtothepassage,untilthemid-twentiethcenturytherewerefewjurisdictionaldisputesoverinternationalwatersbecause______.
62.Accordingtheinternationallawdoctrinesapplicablebeforethemid-twentiethcentury,ifcommercialactivitywithinaparticularnation’sterritorialwatersthreatenedallmarinelifeinthosewaters,thenationwouldhavebeen______.
63.Theauthorsuggeststhatbeforethemid-twentiethcentury,mostnations’actionswithrespecttoterritorialandinternationalwatersindicatedthat______.
64.Theauthorciteswhichoneofthefollowingasaneffectoftheextensionofterritorialwatersbeyondthethreemileslimit?
65.Thepassageasawholecanbestbedescribedas______.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.fewcontrolsorrestrictionsappliedtooceanareas
B.theoceanareaswereusedforonlyinnocentpurposes
C.thefreedomoftheseasdoctrinesettledallclaimsconcerningnavigationandfishing
D.broadauthorityoverinternationalwaterswassharedequallyamongallnations
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.formallycensuredbyaninternationalorganizationfornotproperlyregulatingmarineactivities
B.calleduponbyothernationstoestablishrulestoprotectitsterritorialwaters
C.ablebutnotrequiredtoplacelegallimitsonsuchcommercialactivities
D.allowedtoresolvetheproblematitsowndiscretionprovidingitcouldcontainthethreattoitsownterritorialwaters
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.managingecosystemsineitherterritorialorinternationalwaterswasgiverlowpriority
B.unlimitedresourcesininternationalwatersresultedinlittleinterestinterritorialwaters
C.nationsconsideredittheirresponsibilitytoprotectterritorialbutnotinternationalwaters
D.althoughnationscouldextendtheirterritorialdominionbeyondthreemilesfromtheirshoreline,mostchosenottodoso
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Increasedpoliticalpressureonindividualnationstoestablishcomprehensivelawsregulatingoceanresources.
B.Agreaternumberofjurisdictionaldisputesamongnationsovertheregulationoffishingontheopenseas.
C.Theopportunityforsomenationstomanagelargeoceanecosystems.
D.Apoliticalincentiveforsmallernationstosolvetheproblemsofpollutionintheircoastalwaters.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.achronologyoftheeventsthathaveleduptoapresent-daycrisis
B.alegalinquiryintotheabuseofexistinglawsandthelikelihoodofreform
C.apoliticalanalysisoftheproblemsinherentindirectingnationalattentiontoanintern
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