考研考博-英語(yǔ)-內(nèi)蒙古工業(yè)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-內(nèi)蒙古工業(yè)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

隨著對(duì)知識(shí)內(nèi)涵認(rèn)識(shí)的加深，人類也從不同角度對(duì)知識(shí)進(jìn)行分類。從某種意義上說(shuō)，對(duì)知識(shí)進(jìn)行分類恰恰是建立在對(duì)內(nèi)涵的理解之上的，分類原則本身也在一定程度上體現(xiàn)出人類在不同社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)形態(tài)下對(duì)知識(shí)作用的不同認(rèn)識(shí)。我國(guó)曾一度按照知識(shí)的來(lái)源將其劃分為三類：來(lái)源于生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐的知識(shí)、來(lái)源于社會(huì)實(shí)踐的知識(shí)以及來(lái)源于科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的知識(shí)。德國(guó)哲學(xué)家馬克斯?舍勒(MaxScheller)將知識(shí)劃分為應(yīng)用知識(shí)、學(xué)術(shù)知識(shí)和精神知識(shí)三大類。隨著知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)理論的逐漸發(fā)展，經(jīng)濟(jì)合作發(fā)展組織對(duì)知識(shí)的分類成為目前最具有權(quán)威性和流行性的一種。根據(jù)該組織《以知識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)的經(jīng)濟(jì)》一書(shū)的劃分，可以將“知識(shí)’’歸納為四種類型：事實(shí)知識(shí)、原理知識(shí)、技能知識(shí)和人力知識(shí)。以上分類是從知識(shí)使用的角度進(jìn)行的，因而注重知識(shí)的實(shí)踐性和價(jià)值性。為了更深地理解知識(shí)的含義，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行有效的管理，我們還可進(jìn)一步將知識(shí)劃分為兩大類別：顯性知識(shí)和隱性知識(shí)。

【答案】Withthedeepeningunderstandingtheessenceofknowledge,knowledgeisclassifiedfromdifferentangles.Inonesense,thisclassificationisbasedontheunderstandingoftheessenceofknowledge,andtheclassifyingprincipleitself,tocertainextent,reflectsthedifferentunderstandingofthefunctionsofknowledgeunderdifferentsocial-economicalcircumstances.InChina,thesourcesofknowledgehavebeendivided,foratime,intothreekinds:knowledgecomesfromproductionpractice,fromsocialpracticeandfromscientificexperimentation.WhileMaxScheier,theGermanphilosopher,holdsthatapplicationknowledge,academicknowledgeandspiritualknowledgearethethreecategoriesformthewholeofknowledge.Asthesteadydevelopmentofknowledgeeconomytheory,thecategorizationofknowledgeaccordingtotheOrganizationofEconomicCooperation&Developmentisbyfarmostpopularandholdsgreatestauthority.AsperthebookEconomyBasedonKnowledgepublishedbytheorganization,“knowledge”canbecategorizedasthefollowingfourtypes:facts,principles,skillsandhumanknowledge.Thisclassificationisworkedbyconsideringtheapplicationofknowledge,thusmoreattentionispaidtoitspracticabilityandvalue.However,tounderstanddeeperthedefinitionofknowledge,andcarryouteffectivemanagement,wemayfurtherdivideitintotwocategories:visibleknowledgeandinvisibleone.

2.單選題

Thelocalbusinesswasnotmuch___bythesuddenoutbreakoftheepidemic.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intervened

B.insulated

C.hampered

D.pampered

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)intervened“介入（intervene的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞）”；B選項(xiàng)insulated“有隔熱（或隔音、絕緣）保護(hù)的”；C選項(xiàng)hampered“受阻礙的”；D選項(xiàng)pampered“飲食過(guò)量的；飲食奢侈的”。句意：這種流行病的突然爆發(fā)并沒(méi)有給當(dāng)?shù)氐纳虡I(yè)帶來(lái)多大的___。本句表達(dá)“當(dāng)?shù)氐纳虡I(yè)并沒(méi)有受阻礙”，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theytendtobesilencedintosubmission.

B.Theyfindithardtodefendthemselves.

C.Theywillfeelproudofbeingpioneers.

D.Theywillfeelsomewhatencouraged.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Onewhoadvocatesviolenceineffectingchange.

B.Onewhocravesforrelentlesstransformations.

C.Onewhoactsintheinterestsoftheoppressed.

D.Onewhorebelsagainsttheexistingsocialorder.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theytriedtoeffectsocialchangebyforce.

B.Theydisruptedthenation’ssocialstability.

C.Theyservedasadrivingforceforprogress.

D.Theydidmoreharmthangoodtohumanity.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

【解析】RecordingOne

Whatisaradical?Itseemstodaythatpeopleareterrifiedoftheterm,particularlyofhavingthelabelattachedtothem.[16]Accusingindividualsorgroupsofbeingradicaloftenservestosilencethemintosubmission,therebymaintainingtheexistingstateofaffairs,andmoreimportant,preservingthepowerofaselectminoritywhoaremostlywealthywhitemalesinWesternsociety.Feminismisaperfectexampleofthisphenomenon.Thewomen’smovementhasbeenplaguedbystereotypes,misrepresentationsbythemedia,andaccusationsofmanhatingandradicalism.Whenthebasicfoundationoffeminismissimplythatwomendeserveequalrightsinallfacetsoflife,whenfacedwithathreatofbeinglabelledradical,womenbackdownfromtheirworthycauseandconsequentlyparticipateintheirownoppression.Ithasgottentothepointthatmanywomenareafraidtocallthemselvesfeministsbecauseofthestigmaattachedtotheword.Ifpeoplerefusedtobecontrolledandintimidatedbystigmas,thestigmaslosealltheirpower.Withoutfearonwhichtofeed,suchstigmascanonlydie.

Tome,[17]aradicalissimplysomeonewhorebelsagainstthenorm,whatadvocatesachangeintheexistingstateofaffairs.Oncloserinspection,itbecomesclearthatthenormisconstantlyevolvingandthereforeisnotaconstantentity.Sowhy,then,isdeviationfromthepresentsituationsuchathreatwhenthisstateofaffairsitselfisunstableandsubjecttorelentlesstransformation?Itallgoesbacktomaintainingthepowerofthosewhohaveitandpreventingtheriseofthosewhodon’t.

Infact,whenwelookattheword“radical”inahistoricalcontext,nearlyeveryfigurewenowholdupasaherowasconsideredaradicalinhisorhertime.Radicalsarepeoplewhoaffectchange.Theyarethepeopleaboutwhomhistoryiswritten.Abolitionistswereradicals.Civilrightsactivistswereradicals.Eventhefoundersofourcountry,inthefighttowinindependencefromEngland,wereradicals.Theirpresenceinhistoryhaschangedthewayoursocietyfunctions,mainlybyshiftingthebalanceofpowerthatpreviouslyexisted.Ofcourse,therearesomeradicalswho’vemadeanegativeimpactonhumanity,[18]butundeniably,therewouldsimplybenoprogresswithoutradicals.Thatbeingsaid,nexttimesomeonecallsmearadical,Iwillacceptthatlabelwithpride.

16.Whatusuallyhappenswhenpeopleareaccusedofbeingradical?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)被人指責(zé)太過(guò)激進(jìn)時(shí)，通常情況下會(huì)發(fā)生什么？錄音提到，指責(zé)某個(gè)人或某個(gè)組織太過(guò)激進(jìn)，常常能夠讓這個(gè)人或這個(gè)組織沉默、屈服，A選項(xiàng)“他們傾向于沉默并屈服”與錄音原文表述一致，因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“他們發(fā)現(xiàn)為自己辯護(hù)很難”，錄音中并沒(méi)有提及被指責(zé)者試圖為自己辯護(hù)，因此可排除；C選項(xiàng)“他們?yōu)樽约旱南蠕h身份感到自豪”和D選項(xiàng)“他們一定程度上感到受鼓舞”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息提及，因此也可排除。

17.Whatisthespeaker’sdefinitionofaradical?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)說(shuō)話人對(duì)“激進(jìn)分子”的定義是什么？錄音中提及說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為“激進(jìn)分子”是反抗常規(guī)，提倡改變現(xiàn)狀的人。D選項(xiàng)中theexistingsocialorder是錄音thenorm的轉(zhuǎn)述，因此D選項(xiàng)“反抗現(xiàn)有社會(huì)秩序的人”正確。A選項(xiàng)“提倡暴力以促進(jìn)改變的人”，錄音中并未提及提倡暴力，因此不正確；B選項(xiàng)“追求無(wú)休止變化的人”，錄音中說(shuō)的是事情本身是不穩(wěn)定的和無(wú)休止變化的，并沒(méi)有提及激進(jìn)分子追求無(wú)休止的變化，因此不正確；C選項(xiàng)“為受壓迫者的利益而行動(dòng)的人”，錄音中只提到了oppression這個(gè)單詞，其他信息是沒(méi)有依據(jù)的，因此排除。

18.WhatdoesthespeakerthinkofmostradicalsintheAmericanhistory?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)說(shuō)話人如何看待美國(guó)歷史上的大部分激進(jìn)分子？錄音中說(shuō)話人指出：若沒(méi)有激進(jìn)者，就沒(méi)有進(jìn)步。C選項(xiàng)“他們是促進(jìn)社會(huì)進(jìn)步的力量”與錄音原文表述相符，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)噲D通過(guò)暴力引發(fā)社會(huì)變革”；B選項(xiàng)“他們擾亂了國(guó)家的社會(huì)穩(wěn)定”和D選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)人類的壞處大于好處”均屬于負(fù)面評(píng)價(jià)，與說(shuō)話人的看法不符，因此不選。

4.單選題

Theearthquakeof26thDecember,2004resultedinoneoftheworstnaturaldisastersinlivingmemory.Itwasa（1）underwaterquakeandoccurredintheIndianOcean.It（2）coastlines,communitiesandbroughtdeathtoomanypeople.

Whydoearthquakeshappen?

Thesurfaceoftheearthhasnotalwayslookedasitdoestoday;itismoving（3）(althoughveryslowly)andhasdonesoforbillionsofyears.Thisisone

（4）

ofearthquakes,whenonesectionoftheearth(tectonicplate)

（5）

another.Scientistscanpredictwherebutnot

（6）thismighthappenandtheareabetweenplatesiscalledafaultline.OnonefaultlineinKobe,Japanin1923over200,000peoplewerekilled.

（7）

,earthquakesdonotalwayshappenonfaultlines,

（8）iswhytheyaresodangerousand

（9）

.

Wheredovolcanoeshappen?

Volcanoeshappenwheretheearth’s

（10）

isthin:lava,dustandgases（11）frombeneaththeearth.Theycanriseintoahugeconeshapelikeamountainanderupt,

（12）theycanbesoviolent

（13）

theyjustexplodedirectlyfromtheearthwithnowarning.Thereare1,511（14）volcanoesintheworld.Thismeansthattheymay

（15）BEDANGEROUS.In1985theColombianvolcanoNevadoDelRuizerupted.Thelavameltedaglacierandsenttonesofmud

（16）thetownbelow.Twentythousandpeopledied.

Naturaldisasterslikevolcaniceruptionsarcoftenunpredictable.Weregularlydonotknowwhenthey

（17）happen,or

（18）wheretheywillhappen.Inthefuture,scientistsmaybeabletowatchandpredict

（19）beforetheyhappen.Thiscould（20）manylives.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.massive

B.significant

C.great

D.grand

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.changed

B.converted

C.destroyed

D.transformed

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.frequently

B.periodically

C.regularly

D.continuously

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.source

B.cause

C.movement

D.reason

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.collideswith

B.confrontswith

C.meetswith

D.faceswith

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.how

B.why

C.when

D.what

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.Generally

B.However

C.Similarly

D.Anyway

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.it

C.this

D.that

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.irresistible

B.inevitable

C.unaccountable

D.unpredictable

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.surface

B.appearance

C.crust

D.cover

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.burstout

B.flowedout

C.leakedout

D.trickledout

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.and

B.or

C.nor

D.but

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.like

B.for

C.as

D.that

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.living

B.alive

C.active

D.live

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.relatively

B.still

C.hardly

D.gradually

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.beyond

B.on

C.across

D.down

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.might

B.should

C.must

D.areto

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.though

B.whether

C.even

D.else

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.accidents

B.incidents

C.occasions

D.events

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.rescue

B.save

C.preserve

D.shelter

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:C

第11題:A

第12題:B

第13題:D

第14題:C

第15題:B

第16題:D

第17題:A

第18題:C

第19題:D

第20題:B

【解析】（1）形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)massive“大而重的，巨大的”；B選項(xiàng)significant“重要的，暗示的，有含義的”；C選項(xiàng)great“大的，巨大的，非常的，很多的”；D選項(xiàng)grand“壯觀的，神氣活現(xiàn)的，顯赫的”，根據(jù)句意可知這里是指“嚴(yán)重的災(zāi)難”，A選項(xiàng)正確。

（2）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)change“改變”；B選項(xiàng)convert“改變（某事物）的形式或用途”；C選項(xiàng)destroy“摧毀，毀壞”；D選項(xiàng)transform“完全改變某物外觀或特性”，本句句意為‘地震毀壞了海岸線、社區(qū)，給太多人帶來(lái)了死亡’。根據(jù)句意可知這里強(qiáng)調(diào)“摧毀，毀壞”，C選項(xiàng)正確。

（3）副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)frequently“頻繁地，屢次，時(shí)常”；B選項(xiàng)periodically“周期性地，偶爾，定期地”，C選項(xiàng)regularly“有規(guī)律地，經(jīng)常地，習(xí)慣性地，定期地，整齊地,均勻地”；D選項(xiàng)continuously“連續(xù)不斷地，接連地”，句意‘地球表面一直以來(lái)都在“持續(xù)”運(yùn)動(dòng)，’D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

（4）名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)source“來(lái)源，根源”；B選項(xiàng)cause“原因，導(dǎo)致某事物發(fā)生的事物、人等”；C選項(xiàng)movement“運(yùn)動(dòng)”；D選項(xiàng)reason“理由，動(dòng)機(jī)”，根據(jù)句意“地球表面的持續(xù)運(yùn)動(dòng)是導(dǎo)致地震的原因”，表示發(fā)生的客觀起因應(yīng)該用cause，B選項(xiàng)正確。

（5）動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)collidewith“（指運(yùn)動(dòng)中的物體或人）猛撞某物或互撞”；B選項(xiàng)confrontwith“使某人面對(duì)或正視令人不快、令人頭疼等的人/事物”；C選項(xiàng)meetwith“碰見(jiàn)（某人），相逢；D選項(xiàng)"facewith“面對(duì)或面向某人/某事物”，由常識(shí)和句意‘地震是地殼的不同板塊“碰撞”所造成的，’A選項(xiàng)正確。

（6）疑問(wèn)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)how“如何，多少，怎樣”；B選項(xiàng)why“為什么”；C選項(xiàng)when“何時(shí)，什么時(shí)候”；D選項(xiàng)what“什么”，由句意和語(yǔ)境‘科學(xué)家已經(jīng)能分析出地震的原因和預(yù)測(cè)其發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)，只有時(shí)間無(wú)法確認(rèn)。’C選項(xiàng)正確。

（7）副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)generally“普遍地，一般來(lái)說(shuō)”；B選項(xiàng)however“然而，不過(guò)，可是”；C選項(xiàng)similarly“同樣地，類似于”；D選項(xiàng)anyway“總之，無(wú)論如何”，此處與前一句形成轉(zhuǎn)折，說(shuō)明地震不一定都發(fā)生在斷裂帶，因此地震很危險(xiǎn)且難以預(yù)測(cè)。所以填表示轉(zhuǎn)折意思的副詞，B選項(xiàng)However更符合語(yǔ)境。

（8）非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的用法。句意為“然而，地震并不總發(fā)生在斷層線上，這就是為什么它們非常危險(xiǎn)而且不可預(yù)測(cè)。”分析句子可知這是個(gè)為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞指代前面的整句話，用which來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，A選項(xiàng)正確。

（9）形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)irresistible“不可抵抗的”；B選項(xiàng)inevitable“不可避免的”;C選項(xiàng)unaccountable“無(wú)法解釋的，難以說(shuō)明的”；D選項(xiàng)unpredictable“無(wú)法預(yù)料的，不可預(yù)知的”，句意‘地震的不可預(yù)測(cè)大大増加它的危險(xiǎn)性’，下文中也提到了這個(gè)詞。D選項(xiàng)正確。

（10）名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)surface“表面，表層”；B選項(xiàng)appearance“外貌，外觀”；C選項(xiàng)crust“地殼，外殼”；D選項(xiàng)cover“封面，遮掩物”，句意為“火山發(fā)生在地殼很薄弱的地方”。這里earth’scrust指的是“地殼”，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

（11）動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)burstout“爆炸，脹破，爆破”;B選項(xiàng)flowout“外流”；C選項(xiàng)leakout“（指情報(bào)）泄露，透露”;D選項(xiàng)trickleout“（使某物）成小股流動(dòng)”，句意為“巖漿、灰塵和氣體從地底下噴發(fā)出來(lái)”，A選項(xiàng)表示爆發(fā)出來(lái)，正確。

（12）連詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)and表示并列和順承關(guān)系；B選項(xiàng)or表示選擇或“否則”的意思；C選項(xiàng)nor不是；D選項(xiàng)but表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞，本句句意為“它們可以上升到像一座山一樣的一個(gè)巨大的錐形形狀并噴出，或者它們可以非常猛烈以至于毫無(wú)預(yù)警地直接在地球上爆炸”。分析句子可知，這里是描述火山噴發(fā)的兩種不同的狀態(tài)和表現(xiàn)，B選項(xiàng)正確。

（13）so...that...句型的用法。根據(jù)句意“它們可以上升到像一座山一樣的一個(gè)巨大的錐形形狀并噴出，或者它們可以非常猛烈以至于毫無(wú)預(yù)警地直接在地球上爆炸?！笨芍揪淇疾镾0+形容詞+that從句表示“如此……以至于……”，D選項(xiàng)正確。

（14）形容詞詞義和用法辨析。A選項(xiàng)living當(dāng)形容詞講意為“活的，現(xiàn)存的，活躍的，逼真的”；B選項(xiàng)alive作形容詞意為“活著的，活潑的，有生氣的”；C選項(xiàng)active意為“積極的，活躍的，主動(dòng)的，有效的”；D選項(xiàng)live作形容詞意為“活的，生動(dòng)的，實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播的，精力充沛的”，句意為“現(xiàn)在世界上有1511座活火山”。這里強(qiáng)調(diào)活火山activevolcano，C選項(xiàng)正確。

（15）副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)relatively“相對(duì)地，比較而言，相當(dāng)?shù)亍?；B選項(xiàng)still“還，更，仍”；C選項(xiàng)hardly“幾乎不”；D選項(xiàng)gradually“逐步地，漸漸地”，句意為“這就意味著這些火山仍然有噴發(fā)的危險(xiǎn)。”B選項(xiàng)表示“仍然，還是”正確。

（16）介詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)beyond意為“超過(guò)，越過(guò)，那一邊，在……較遠(yuǎn)的一邊”；B選項(xiàng)on意為“在……上面，指表面接觸”；C選項(xiàng)across表示“從表面穿過(guò)”;D選項(xiàng)down表示“沿著”，本句句意為“火山噴發(fā)的巖漿使冰川融化，將數(shù)噸泥土沖到山下的城鎮(zhèn)”。根據(jù)句意可知這里強(qiáng)調(diào)“沿著”，D選項(xiàng)正確。

（17）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)might“可能，也許”，表示推測(cè)時(shí)語(yǔ)氣較委婉；B選項(xiàng)should表示“應(yīng)該”；C選項(xiàng)must語(yǔ)氣較為強(qiáng)烈，表示“必須”；D選項(xiàng)areto表示“打算做”，句意為“自然災(zāi)害有可能發(fā)生，只是人們并不知道什么時(shí)候會(huì)發(fā)生”。A選項(xiàng)表示語(yǔ)氣委婉正確。

（18）even的用法辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知句意為“我們通常不知道這些自然災(zāi)害什么時(shí)候可能會(huì)發(fā)生，甚至不知道它們會(huì)在哪里發(fā)生。后半句的or部分加深程度；A選項(xiàng)though為引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從局的連詞；B選項(xiàng)whether表示“是否”；C選項(xiàng)even強(qiáng)調(diào)程度上的更進(jìn)一步；D選項(xiàng)else表示“其他的”。根據(jù)句意可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

（19）名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)accidents“事故”；B選項(xiàng)incidents“事情，發(fā)生的事”；C選項(xiàng)occasions“場(chǎng)合，時(shí)機(jī)”；D選項(xiàng)events“活動(dòng)，事情”，句意為“科學(xué)家們或許能夠在事件發(fā)生之前觀察和預(yù)測(cè)到”，events此處可泛指所有自然災(zāi)害活動(dòng)，D選項(xiàng)正確。

（20）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)rescue“援救”；B選項(xiàng)save“挽救”；C選項(xiàng)preserve“保護(hù)，維護(hù)（某事物）”；D選項(xiàng)shelter“遮蔽，庇護(hù)”，句意為“在將來(lái)，科學(xué)們也許能夠在自然災(zāi)害發(fā)生之前觀察和預(yù)測(cè)它們的活動(dòng)。這將會(huì)拯救很多生命”，B選項(xiàng)“挽救”正確。

5.寫(xiě)作題

Inmanycountrieschildrenareengagedinsomekindofpaidwork.Somepeopleregardthisascompletelywrong,whileothersconsideritasvaluableworkexperience,importantforlearningandtakingresponsibility.Whatareyouropinionsonthis?Writeapassageonthetopicinabout200words.YoumustwriteclearlyandlogicallyonyourAnswerSheet.

【答案】略。

6.單選題

Anearrevolutionhasoccurredoverthepastdecadeinourunderstandingoftheimpactsofclimatechange.Boththenaturalscienceandtheeconomicsunderlyingpredictionsofclimate-changeimpactshavealtereddramatically.Climatescientistshavereducedthemagnitudeofpredictedwarming,suggestingmilderfutureclimatescenarios.Ecologistshaveshiftedfrompredictingecosystemcollapsetopredictingthatnetprimaryproductivitywilllikelyincreaseoverthelongrun.Andeconomistsarenolongerpredictinglargedamages,butratheramixtureofdamagesandbenefits.

Thesechangesaresodramaticthatitisnotclearwhethertheneteconomiceffectsfromclimatechangeoverthenextcenturywillbeharmflilorhelpful.Thenewresearchfurthersuggeststhateffectsarelikelytovaryacrosstheplanet.Wenowexpecttemperateandpolarcountriestoenjoysmalleconomicgains,whereastropicalcountriesaremorelikelytosuffereconomiclosses.

Ofcourse,wehavenotbanishedalluncertainty,whichwillalwayshauntfutureprojectionsofoutcomes.Thedynamicsofecosystemsarepoorlyunderstood;carboncyclesmaychangeovertime;polaricemaygenerateunwelcomesurprises;andtheeffectsofchangeontropicalregionshavenotyethadthethoroughstudytheyrequire.Nonetheless,therecentscientificandeconomicfindingscreateanewperspectiveonthegreenhouse-gasproblem,andthisnewvision,inturn,callsfornewstrategiesandnewpoliticaloutcomes.

Thereductionindamage-estimatesremovestheurgencytoengageincostlycrashabatementprograms.Ourinitialperspectiveongreenhousegasessuggestedthatwewererapidlyapproachingtheedgeofacliff.Thosefearsnowappearunfounded,fortheimpactsfromclimatewarmingseemtoberelativelysmallforthenextcentury.Therewillbedamagestobesure,buttheywillbeoffsetbybenefits.Thenetexpectedeffectnowisclosertozeroratherthanto2percentofGDP.Asaconsequence,thenewabatementpoliciesshouldbedesignedforthelongrun,andshouldbeinexpensiveandcost-effective.

1.Theoverallpurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Theauthorsuggeststhatthe“newperspective”(Para.3)istheresultofashiftfrom

（

）.

3.Theauthorofthepassagewouldmostlikelyagreethat

（

）.

4.Theauthorassumesthatthereader（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pointoutflawsincurrentmethodsofclimateanalysis

B.raiseawarenessofthepotentiallydevastatingimpactofglobalwarming

C.proposesanewmethodforstudyingtheeffectsofglobalwarming

D.suggestpolicychangesinlightofrecentscientificfindings

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.scientificanalysistoeconomicanalysis

B.dreadfulpredictionstomoderatepredictions

C.afocusonthepasttoafocusinthefuture

D.afocusonpolarregionstoafocusontropicalregions

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.governmentsshouldactswiftlytocurbgreenhousegasemissions

B.itisunclearwhethercarbondioxidecontributestoglobalwarming

C.economicanalysisshouldbeconsideredwhenformulatingapolicyfordealingwithglobalwarming

D.theimpactsfromglobalwarmingwillbeveryhighinthecomingcentury

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.isconcernedmorewiththebenefitsofpoliciesthantheircosts

B.isconcernedwithcurbingtheemissionsofgreenhousegases

C.iswillingtoconsiderlong-termeconomiceffects

D.hasaweaknessforinefficientcarsandappliance

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。定位到最后一段中“Asaconsequence,thenewabatementpoliciesshouldbedesignedforthelongrun,andshouldbeinexpensiveandcost-effective.因此，新的減排政策應(yīng)著眼長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)，而且應(yīng)是廉價(jià)和具有成本效益的?！笨芍cD項(xiàng)“政策的改變應(yīng)以最近的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)為依據(jù)”正確。A項(xiàng)“指出當(dāng)前氣候分析方法的不足”；B項(xiàng)“提高對(duì)全球變暖潛在破壞性影響的認(rèn)識(shí)”；C項(xiàng)“提出了一種研究全球變暖影響的新方法”D項(xiàng)“根據(jù)最近的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)建議政策的改變”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到第三段中的Nonetheless,therecentscientificandeconomicfindingscreateanewperspectiveonthegreenhouse-gasproblem...盡管如此，最近的科學(xué)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)現(xiàn)溫室氣體問(wèn)題上有一個(gè)新的視角?？芍猲ewperspective是由于therecentscientificandeconomicfindings而產(chǎn)生的，結(jié)合第一段中“Climatescientistshavereducedthemagnitudeofpredictedwarming,…Ecologistshaveshiftedfrompredictingecosystemcollapsetopredictingthatnetprimaryproductivitywilllikelyincreaseoverthelongrun.Andeconomistsarenolongerpredictinglargedamages,butratheramixtureofdamagesandbenefits.氣候科學(xué)家已經(jīng)降低了預(yù)測(cè)的變暖幅度……生態(tài)學(xué)家已經(jīng)從預(yù)測(cè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)崩潰轉(zhuǎn)向預(yù)測(cè)，凈初級(jí)生產(chǎn)力可能會(huì)長(zhǎng)期增加。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們不再預(yù)測(cè)損失會(huì)很大，而是預(yù)測(cè)損失和收益的混合體?？芍狟項(xiàng)“從可怕的預(yù)測(cè)到溫和的預(yù)測(cè)”相符。

3.判斷推理題。定位到最后一段中“Asaconsequence,thenewabatementpoliciesshouldbedesignedforthelongrun,andshouldbeinexpensiveandcost-effective.因此，新的減排政策應(yīng)著眼長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)，而且應(yīng)是廉價(jià)和具有成本效益的?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)“在制定應(yīng)對(duì)全球變暖的政策時(shí)，經(jīng)濟(jì)分析應(yīng)該被考慮到”正確。由“Thereductionindamage-estimatesremovestheurgencytoengageincostlycrashabatementprograms.損失估算的減少消除了實(shí)施代價(jià)高昂的墜機(jī)事故消除計(jì)劃的緊迫性”可知A項(xiàng)“各國(guó)政府應(yīng)迅速采取行動(dòng)，遏制溫室氣體排放”不對(duì)，B項(xiàng)“目前還不清楚二氧化碳是否對(duì)全球變暖有貢獻(xiàn)”沒(méi)有提及。由“Thosefearsnowappearunfounded,fortheimpactsfromclimatewarmingseemtoberelativelysmallforthenextcentury.現(xiàn)在看來(lái)，這些擔(dān)憂似乎毫無(wú)根據(jù)，因?yàn)闅夂蜃兣瘜?duì)下個(gè)世紀(jì)的影響似乎相對(duì)較小?？芍狣項(xiàng)“未來(lái)一個(gè)世紀(jì)，全球變暖的影響將是巨大的”不對(duì)。

4.判斷推理題。由最后一段中“Asaconsequence,thenewabatementpoliciesshouldbedesignedforthelongrun,andshouldbeinexpensiveandcost-effective.因此，新的減排政策應(yīng)該從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)，應(yīng)該是便宜的和具有成本效益的?？芍狢項(xiàng)“作者假定讀者愿意考慮長(zhǎng)期的經(jīng)濟(jì)影響”正確。

7.單選題

Thefarmeroutupironfencesaroundtheflower（）gardenneighbor’ssheepshouldbreakin.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.onconditionthat

B.nowthat

C.lest

D.but

【答案】C

【解析】onconditionthat如果；nowthat既然,由于；lest唯恐,以免。句意：為了防止鄰居家的羊搞破壞,農(nóng)民在花園周圍搭起了鐵柵欄。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

8.單選題

Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads,railways,broadbandandenergy.Housingisseldommentioned.

Whyisthat?Tosomeextentthehousingsectormustshouldertheblame.Wehavenotbeengoodatcommunicatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.Thenthereisthescaleofthetypicalhousingproject.Itishardtoshoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusedelsewhere.Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.

Nevertheless,theaffordablehousingsituationisdesperate.Waitinglistsincreaseallthetimeandwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.

Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunityforthegovernmenttohelprectifythis.Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.

Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodojustthat.Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.Evidenceshowsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.

Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.

Butitisnotjustdowntothegovernment.Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting￡4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2015,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.TheLabourpartyhasrecentlyannouncedthatitwillretainalargepartofthecoalition’sspendingplansifreturnstopower.Thehousingsectorneedstoacceptthatweareveryunlikelytoeverreturntoeraoflarge-scalepublicgrants.Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate.

1.Theauthorbelievesthatthehousingsector（）.

2.Itcanbelearnedthataffordablehousinghas（）.

3.AccordingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould（）.

5.Theauthorbelievesthatafter2015,thegovernmentmay（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasattractedmuchattention

B.involvescertainpoliticalfactors

C.shoulderstoomuchresponsibility

D.haslostitsrealvalueineconomy

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.increaseditshomesupply

B.offeredspendingopportunities

C.sufferedgovernmentbiases

D.disappointedthegovernment

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing

B.stoplocalauthoritiesfrombuildinghomes

C.preparetoreducehousingstockdebt

D.releasealiftedGDPgrowthforecast

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.lowerthecostsofregisteredproviders

B.lessentheimpactofgovernmentinterference

C.contributetofundingnewdevelopments

D.relievetheministersofresponsibilities

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.implementmorepoliciestosupporthousing

B.reviewtheneedforlarge-scalepublicgrants

C.renewtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogramme

D.stopgenerousfundingtothehousingsector

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第二段最后一句“Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.”但或許最重要的原因是，這個(gè)問(wèn)題一直以來(lái)都帶有濃厚的政治色彩。由此可知B選項(xiàng)involvescertainpoliticalfactors涉及某些政治因素符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第四段“Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.”它需要把歷史偏見(jiàn)放在一邊，采取一些措施來(lái)解決我們迫切的住房需求。由此可知C選項(xiàng)sufferedgovernmentbiases遭受政府偏見(jiàn)符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章第五段最后一句“Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.”部長(zhǎng)唐福斯特暗示，財(cái)政大臣喬治奧斯本可能會(huì)對(duì)地方政府現(xiàn)有的住房債務(wù)上限引入更多的靈活性。由此可知A選項(xiàng)allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing允許政府增加住房債務(wù)符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。定位到文章第六段“Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.”部長(zhǎng)們還應(yīng)著眼于在租賃環(huán)境中創(chuàng)造更大的確定性，這將對(duì)已注冊(cè)供應(yīng)商從收入中為新開(kāi)發(fā)項(xiàng)目提供資金的能力產(chǎn)生重大影響。由此可知C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。定位到文章最后一段“Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting￡4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2015,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.”盡管這些措施在短期內(nèi)會(huì)受到歡迎，但我們必須正視這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：將于2015年到期的、為新保障性住房提供資金的現(xiàn)有45億英鎊資助計(jì)劃，不太可能在2015年之后延長(zhǎng)。以及文章最后提到的“Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate（我們需要適應(yīng)這個(gè)正在變化的情形）”，thisclimate指的也是政府將不會(huì)提供大規(guī)模撥款，由此可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Whenmakingmoderncameraspeoplebeganto（

）plasticsformetal.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.surround

B.substance

C.stretch

D.substitute

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。surround“包圍”；substance“物質(zhì)；實(shí)質(zhì)”；stretch“伸展，拉緊”；substitute“替代，代替”。

句意：在制造現(xiàn)代相機(jī)時(shí)，人們開(kāi)始用塑料代替金屬。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

10.單選題

Foreverysocialsituation,thereisa______timethatyoucanholdaperson’sgazewithoutbeingintimate,rude,oraggressive.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pompous

B.permissible

C.adoptive

D.complacent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)pompous“自大的，浮夸的，華而不實(shí)的”，B項(xiàng)permissible“可允許的，獲得準(zhǔn)許的”，C項(xiàng)adoptive“采用的，有收養(yǎng)關(guān)系的”，D項(xiàng)complacent“自滿的，得意的，滿足的”。由修飾time的定語(yǔ)從句thatyoucanholdaperson’sgazewithoutbeingintimate,rude,oraggressive“你可以凝視一個(gè)人，而不顯得親密、粗魯或咄咄逼人”可知，“可允許的”符合句意。句意：對(duì)于任何一種社交場(chǎng)合，都有一個(gè)允許的時(shí)間，你可以在不顯得親密、粗魯或咄咄逼人的情況下凝視對(duì)方。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

（）thatnight.theuniongovernmentwouldhavebeenoverthrown.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Ifhewereassassinated

B.Wereheassassinated

C.Hehadbeenassassinated

D.Hadhebeenassassinated

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。在if虛擬條件句中，如果是對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬，則條件從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句用would/could/should+have+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞形式。如果虛擬條件句中有were，had或should，則可以將if省略，將這幾個(gè)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝。句意：如果他那天晚上被暗殺，那么聯(lián)邦政府可能就已經(jīng)被推翻了。故本題正確答案為D。

12.單選題

ToproducetheupheavalintheUnitedStatesthatchangedandmodernizedthedomainofhighereducationfromthemid-1860’stothemid-1880’s,threeprimarycausesinteracted.Theemergenceofahalf-dozenleadersineducationprovidedthepersonalforcethatwasneeded.Moreover,anoutcryforafresher,morepractical,andmoreadvancedkindofinstructionaroseamongthealumniandfriendsofnearlyalloftheoldcollegesandgrewintoamovementthatoverrodeallconservativeopposition.Theaggressive“YoungYale”movementappeared,demandingpartialalumnicontrol,amoreliberalspirit,andabroadercourseofstudy.ThegraduatesofHarvardUniversitysimultaneouslyralliedtorelievetheUniversity’spovertyanddemandnewenterprise.EducationwaspushingtowardhigherstandardintheEastbythrowingoffchurchleadershipeverywhere,andintheWestbyfindingawiderrangeofstudiesandanewsenseofpublicduty.

Theold-styleclassicaleducationreceiveditsmostcrushingblowinthecitadelofHarvardUniversity,whereDr.CharlesElliot,ayoungcaptainofthirty-five,sonofaformertreasurerofHarvardledtheprogressiveforces.FiverevolutionaryadvancesweremadeduringthefiveyearsofDr.Elliotadministration.Theyweretheelevationandamplificationofentrancerequirements,theenlargementofthecurriculumandthedevelopmentoftheelectivesystem,therecognitionofgraduatestudyintheliberalarts,theraisingofprofessionaltraininginlaw,medicine,andengineeringtoapostgraduatelevel,andthefosteringofgreatermaturityinstudentlife.Standardsofadmissionweresharplyadvancedin1872-1873and1876-1877.Bytheappointmentofadeantotakechargeofstudentaffairs,andawisehandlingofdiscipline,theundergraduateswereledtoregardthemselvesmoreasyounggentlemenandlessasyounganimals.Onenewcourseofstudyoranotherwasopenedup—science,music，thehistoryofthefinearts,advancedSpanish,politicaleconomy,physics,classicalphilosophy,andinternationallaw.

1.Thepassagemainlydealswith（

）

2.Accordingtothepassage,whatcanbeinferredaboutHarvardUniversitybeforetheinnovations?

3.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutold-styleclassicaleducation?

4.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.innovationsintheUnitedStates’highereducationinthelate1800s.

B.HarvardUniversitygraduates’success.

C.thedevelopmentofHarvardUniversity.

D.theaggressive“YoungYale”movement.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Coursesweremorepractical.

B.Educatorslaidgreatstressonthematurityinstudentlife.

C.Admissionstandardswerehigher.

D.Studentswereyounger.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Moststudentsmajoredinlaw.

B.Thecoursesweretoodifficult.

C.Thecurriculumwasnotreasonable.

D.StudentscouldgetMaster’sdegreeintheliberalarts.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Severalleadersineducationmadegreateffortstopromotetheeducationalinnovations.

B.Churchleadersinfluencededucationalotbeforetheprogressivechange.

C.Collegeentrancerequirementswereelevatedinthelate1800s.

D.Thesenseofpublicdutywasneglectedinthelate1800s.