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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-曲阜遠(yuǎn)東職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

()oftheburdenofice,theballoonclimbedupanddriftedtotheSouth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tobefree

B.Tofree

C.Freeing

D.Freed

【答案】D

【解析】句意:擺脫了冰塊的負(fù)擔(dān)之后,氣球向上朝南方飄去。

語法題??疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。句子的后半部分已經(jīng)完整,因此空格處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式,前半部分作為整句的狀語。句子的主語是“氣球”,動(dòng)詞free與其之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故選D項(xiàng)。

2.單選題

Theyhadtheattemptto___Andersontothepresidency.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.evolve

B.elevate

C.evoke

D.evince

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)evolve“發(fā)展;進(jìn)化;使逐步形成;推斷出”;B選項(xiàng)elevate“提升;舉起;振奮情緒等;提升……的職位”;C選項(xiàng)evoke“引起,喚起;博得”;D選項(xiàng)evince“表明,表示”。句意:他們試圖___安德森當(dāng)上總統(tǒng)。本句表示“試圖提升安德森當(dāng)總統(tǒng)”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

BigBenisoneofLondon’sbest-knownlandmark,andlooksmostspectacularatnightwhentheclockfacesarelighted.Youevenknowwhenparliamentisinsession,becausealightshinesabovetheclockface.

Thefourdialsoftheclockare23feetsquare,theminutehandis14feetlongandthefiguresare2feethigh.Minutelyregulated(校準(zhǔn))withastackofcoinsplacedonthehugependulum,BigBenisanexcellenttimekeeper,whichhasrarelystopped.

ThenameBigBenactuallyrefersnottotheclock-toweritself,buttothethirteen-tonbellhungwithin.Thebellwasnamedafterthefirstcommissionerofworks,SirBenjaminHall.ThisbellcameoriginallyfromtheoldPalaceofWestminster,andwasgiventotheDeanofSt.PaulbyWilliamIII.BeforereturningtoWestminstertohanginitspresenthome,itwasrefashionedinWhitechapelin1858.TheBBCfirstbroadcastthechimes(報(bào)時(shí))onthe31stDecember1923—thereisamicrophoneintheturretconnectedtoBroadcastingHouse.

DuringtheSecondWorldWarin1941,abombdestroyedtheLowerChamberoftheHouseofParliament,buttheclocktowerremainedintactandBigBencontinuedtokeeptimeandstrikeawaythehours,itsuniquesoundwasbroadcasttothenationandaroundtheworld,awelcomereassuranceofhopetoallwhoheardit.

Thetowerisnotopentothegeneralpublic,butthosewitha“specialinterest”mayarrangeavisittothetopoftheClockTowerthroughtheirlocal(UK)MP.

1.Whenparliamenthasmeeting().

2.Whichoffollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.Thebellwasonceownedby().

4.TheBBCfirstbroadcastthechimesontheeveof().

5.Theword“intact”inLine2,Para.4probablymeans().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alightisonabovetheface

B.theclockfacesarelighted

C.BigBenstrikesthetime

D.BigBenlightstheparliament

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.BigBenhasonlyonehand.

B.BigBenhasneverstopped.

C.BigBenhasahugependulummadeofcoins.

D.CoinsareusedtomakeBigBenworkmoreprecisely.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theBBC

B.theDeanofSt.Paul

C.SirBenjaminHall

D.theoldPalaceofWestminster

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.1858

B.1923

C.1924

D.1941

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.uncut

B.unharmed

C.uninjured

D.undamaged

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段第二句Youevenknowwhenparliamentisinsession,becausealightshinesabovetheclockface.(你甚至知道議會(huì)什么時(shí)候開會(huì),因?yàn)橐槐K燈在鐘面上方閃爍。)由此得知A選項(xiàng)“鐘面上有一盞燈”正確。B選項(xiàng)“鐘面是亮的”并不準(zhǔn)確;C選項(xiàng)“大本鐘在報(bào)時(shí)”沒有提及;D選項(xiàng)“大本鐘照亮了議會(huì)”不對(duì)。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第二段第二句話Minutelyregulatedwithastackofcoinsplacedonthehugependulum,BigBenisanexcellenttimekeeper,whichhasrarelystopped.(大本鐘的鐘擺上放置了一堆硬幣,精確地調(diào)節(jié)著時(shí)間,它是一個(gè)出色的計(jì)時(shí)器,很少停下來。)因此D選項(xiàng)“硬幣被用來使大本鐘工作得更精確”正確。A選項(xiàng)“大本鐘只有一個(gè)指針”在第二段的第一句話Thefourdialsoftheclockare23feetsquare,theminutehandis14feetlongandthefiguresare2feethigh.(這個(gè)鐘的四個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)盤是23平方英尺,分針是14英尺長,數(shù)字是2英尺高。)這里可以看出大本鐘是否有多于一個(gè)指針原文并沒有提及;B選項(xiàng)“大本鐘從不停止轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)”,原文說大本鐘很少停下,說明它還是會(huì)停止,只是很罕見;C選項(xiàng)“大本鐘有一個(gè)由硬幣組成的巨大鐘擺”,硬幣只是讓大本鐘變得更準(zhǔn)確,但并不是它的鐘擺組成。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文定位到第三段的第三句話ThisbellcameoriginallyfromtheoldPalaceofWestminster,andwasgiventotheDeanofSt.PaulbyWilliamIII.(這只鐘最初來自威斯敏斯特宮,是威廉三世送給圣保羅教長的。)因此B選項(xiàng)“它是屬于圣保羅的教長的”正確。A、C、D均不符合原文。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段的倒數(shù)第一句話TheBBCfirstbroadcastthechimesonthe31stDecember1923—thereisamicrophoneintheturretconnectedtoBroadcastingHouse.(英國廣播公司于1923年12月31日首次播放了大本鐘,它的信息塔上有一個(gè)麥克風(fēng)連接到廣播大樓。)而原文問的是在哪一年的前夜,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)在倒數(shù)第三段BeforereturningtoWestminstertohanginitspresenthome,itwasrefashionedinWhitechapelin1858.(在回到威斯敏斯特懸掛在現(xiàn)在的家中之前,它在1858年被重新設(shè)計(jì)在白色教堂。)與事件不符合;B選項(xiàng)與題干不符合;D選項(xiàng)在倒數(shù)第二段DuringtheSecondWorldWarin1941,abombdestroyedtheLowerChamberoftheHouseofParliament(1941年第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間,一枚炸彈摧毀了下議院的議會(huì))與事件不符。

5.語義推測題。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段DuringtheSecondWorldWarin1941,abombdestroyedtheLowerChamberoftheHouseofParliament,buttheclocktowerremainedintactandBigBencontinuedtokeeptimeandstrikeawaythehours(1941年第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間,一枚炸彈摧毀了下議院的議會(huì),但鐘樓仍完好無損,大本鐘繼續(xù)計(jì)時(shí),不停地敲響鐘聲)根據(jù)原文含義可知intact意為“完整的,原封不動(dòng)的”。A選項(xiàng)“未切的,毛邊的,未雕琢的,未割的”;B選項(xiàng)“無恙的;沒有受傷的(用于人)”;C選項(xiàng)“未受傷害的;未蒙損失的(多用于人或器官)”;D選項(xiàng)“未毀壞的,未損壞的(多用于物品)”,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

______theFirstWorldWar,theUnitedStatesbecamethedominantforceinthemotion-picture,industry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itwasduringtheadventunder

B.Withtheadventof

C.Tofollowtheadventin

D.Upontheadventat

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:隨著第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的來臨,美國成為電影工業(yè)的主導(dǎo)力量。advent一般和介詞of連用而不和under、in、at連用,B選項(xiàng)Withtheadventof“隨著……的出現(xiàn)”符合語境。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

The(

)ofthewordisunknown,butitiscertainlynotfromGreek.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.origin

B.generation

C.descent

D.cause

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)origin“起源”;B選項(xiàng)generation“產(chǎn)生”;C選項(xiàng)descent“下降”;D選項(xiàng)cause“原因”。

句意:這個(gè)詞的起源尚不清楚,但肯定不是來自希臘語。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

6.單選題

Somepeopleviewedthefindingswithcaution,notingthatacause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenpassivesmokingandcancerremained().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobeshown

B.tohavebeenshown

C.tohaveshown

D.beingshown

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定用法。remaintobedone“待完成;待處理”為固定用法。句意:一些人對(duì)研究結(jié)果持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度,指出吸二手煙和癌癥之間的因果關(guān)系有待揭示。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Theirsuccessinincreasingthemarketshareresultedfromtheirbreak-throughin()oftheproductconfiguration.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.quality

B.stereotype

C.ads

D.maintenance

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)quality“品質(zhì)、質(zhì)量”;B選項(xiàng)stereotype“老套、成見”;C選項(xiàng)ads“廣告”;D選項(xiàng)maintenance“維持、保養(yǎng)”,句意為:他們之所以能成功地提高市場份額,是因?yàn)樗麄冊诋a(chǎn)品配置的質(zhì)量上取得了突破。quality“品質(zhì)、質(zhì)量”符合題意,因此選A。

8.單選題

AluxuryexpresstrainjumpedthetracksonabridgeineasternIndia,killingatleast50onthespot.AccordingtotheNorthernRailwayspokesman,thedeath()isexpectedtorise.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.toll

B.figure

C.span

D.yield

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。toll“傷亡人數(shù),代價(jià)”;figure“數(shù)字,圖形”;span“跨度,范圍”;yield“產(chǎn)量,收益”。句意:一輛豪華特快列車在印度東部一座橋上脫軌,造成至少50人當(dāng)場死亡。據(jù)北方鐵路發(fā)言人表示,死亡人數(shù)預(yù)計(jì)還會(huì)上升。deathtoll表示“死亡人數(shù)”,符合句意。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

9.單選題

Wemanagedtoreachthetopofthemountain,andhalfanhourlaterwebeganto(

).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ascend

B.descend

C.decline

D.plunge

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。ascend“上升,升髙,攀登”;descend“下降,下傾”,表示空間方位的變化;decline“(數(shù)量、價(jià)值、質(zhì)量等的)減少,下降”;plunge“使突然前沖(或下落),(價(jià)格、溫度等)暴跌”。句意:我們成功到達(dá)山頂,半小時(shí)后我們開始下山。根據(jù)題干的邏輯關(guān)系可知B項(xiàng)符合題意,因此答案選B。

10.單選題

Coffeeisthe()ofthisdistrictandbringslocalfarmersalotofmoney.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.majority

B.staple

C.spice

D.elite

【答案】B

【解析】句意:咖啡是這個(gè)地區(qū)的主要產(chǎn)品,給當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民帶來很多收入。

考查名詞辨析。majority大部分,大多數(shù);staple主要產(chǎn)品,訂書釘,主食;spice香料,調(diào)味品,風(fēng)味;elite上層人士,掌權(quán)人物,精英。故B項(xiàng)符合句意。

11.翻譯題

洗手的時(shí)候,日子從水盆里過去;吃飯的時(shí)候,日子從飯碗里過去;默默時(shí),便從凝然的雙眼前過去。我覺察他去的匆匆了,伸出手遮挽時(shí),他又從遮挽著的手邊過去,天黑時(shí),我躺在床上,他便伶伶俐俐地從我身上跨過,從我腳邊飛去了。等我睜開眼和太陽再見,這算又溜走了一日。

【答案】【參考譯文】ThedayflowsawaythroughthesinkwhenIwashmyhands;vanishesinthericebowlwhenIhavemymeal;passesawayquietlybeforethefixedgazeofmyeyeswhenIamlostinreverie.Awareofitsfleetingpresence,Ireachoutforitonlytofinditbrushingpastmyoutstretchedhands.Intheevening,whenIlieonmybed,itnimblystridesovermybodyandflitspastmyfeet.BythetimewhenIopenmyeyestomeetthesunagain,anotherdayisalreadygone.Iheaveasigh,myheadburiedinmyhands.

12.單選題

Afterafewroundsoftalks,bothsidesregardedtheterritorydispute().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beingsettled

B.tobesettled

C.hadsettled

D.assettled

【答案】D

【解析】句意:經(jīng)過幾次談話,雙方都認(rèn)為這個(gè)領(lǐng)土紛爭已經(jīng)解決了。

考查固定搭配。regardsth.asdone將某事看做已經(jīng)完成了的事。因此選D項(xiàng)。

13.單選題

Hefailedtocompletelyachievetheaim()bytheteacheratthebeginningoftheterm.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.setforth

B.broughtforth

C.comeup

D.putforward

【答案】A

【解析】setforththeaim表示“提出(設(shè)立)目標(biāo)”。bringforth和putforward也是“提出”,但不能與aim搭配使用,我們可以說:bringforthevidence,putforwardatheory(idea,plan,suggestion)。comeup意為“出現(xiàn)”“被提出”,作非及物動(dòng)詞用。本句意為:“他沒有完全達(dá)到教師在學(xué)期初提出的目標(biāo)?!?/p>

14.單選題

RealpolicemenhardlyrecognizeanyresemblancebetweentheirlivesandwhattheyseeonTV.

Thefirstdifferenceisthatapoliceman’srealliferevolvesroundcriminallaw,hehastoknowexactlywhatactionsarecrimesandwhatevidencecanbeusedtoprovethemincourt.Hehastoknownearlyasmuchlawasaprofessionallawyer,andwhatismore,hehastoapplyitonhisfeet,inthedarkandrain,runningdownastreetaftersomeonehewantstotalkto.

Littleofhistimeisspentinchatting.Hewillspendmostofhisworkinglifetypingmillionsofwordsonthousandsofformsabouthundredsofsad,unimportantpeoplewhoareguiltyofstupid,pettycrimes.

Mosttelevisioncrimedramaisaboutfindingthecriminal:assoonashe’sarrested,thestoryisover.Inreallife,findingcriminalsisseldommuchofaproblem.Exceptinveryseriouscaseslikemurdersandterroristattackslittleeffortisspentonsearching.

Havingmadeanarrest,adetectivereallystartstowork.Hehastoprovehiscaseincourtandtodothatheoftenhastogatheralotofdifferentevidence.

Atthirdbigdifferencebetweenthedramadetectiveandtherealoneistheunpleasantpressures:first,asmembersofapoliceforcetheyalwayshavetobehaveabsolutelyinaccordancewiththelaw.Secondly,asexpensivepublicservantstheyhavetogetresults.Theycanhardlyeverdoboth.Mostofthetime,someofthemhavetobreaktherulesinsmallways.

Ifthedetectivehastodetecttheworld,theworldoftendeceiveshim.Hardlyanyonehemeetstellshimthetruth.Andthisseparationthedetectivefeelsbetweenhimselfandtherestoftheworldisdeepenedbythesimple-mindedness—asheseesit―ofcitizens,socialworkers,doctors,law-makers,andjudges,who,insteadofeliminatingcrime,punishthecriminalslessseverelyinthehopethatthiswillmakethemreform.Theresult,detectivesfeel,isthatnine-tenthsoftheirworkisre-catchingpeoplewhoshouldhavestayedbehindbars.

Thismakesthemrathercynical.

1.Apolicemanhastobetrainedincriminallawbecause(

).

2.Whatisthemostsuitablewordthatdescribestheworkofapolicemanaccordingtothepassage?

3.Accordingtothepassage,policemenspendmostoftheirtimeandefforts(

).

4.What’sthepoliceman’sbiggestheadache?

5.Whydopolicemenfeelseparatedfromtherestoftheworld?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hemustworkhardtohelpreformcriminals

B.hemustbehaveasprofessionallawyersdo

C.hemustbeabletotellwhenandwhereacrimeiscommitted

D.hemustjustifythearrestshemakesofcriminals

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Dangerous

B.Demanding

C.Distressing

D.Dramatic

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.patrollingthestreet,rainorshine

B.trackingandarrestingcriminals

C.collectingandprovidingevidence

D.consultingtherulesoflaw

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Hehastogetthemostdesirableresultswithoutbreakingthelawinanyway.

B.Hehastojustifyhisarrestswhileunabletoprovidesufficientevidenceinmostcases.

C.Hecanhardlyfindenoughtimetolearncriminallawwhileburdenedwithnumerouscriminalcases

D.Hehastoprovidethebestpossiblepublicserviceattheleastpossibleexpense

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheydonotreceiveduesupportfromsociety.

B.Becausetheyfindpeopleinsincerewiththem.

C.Becausetheyfeelsuperiortosimple-mindedpeoplearoundthem.

D.Becausetheyaresuspiciousofthepeoplearoundthem.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段,“Thefirstdifferenceisthatapoliceman’srealliferevolvesroundcriminallaw,hehastoknowexactlywhatactionsarecrimesandwhatevidencecanbeusedtoprovethemincourt.”,可知第一個(gè)區(qū)別是警察的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活是圍繞著刑法的,他必須知道什么行為是犯罪,什么證據(jù)可以在法庭上證明他們所逮捕的人確實(shí)有犯罪行為。可判斷出警察必須接受刑法方面的訓(xùn)練的原因在于要能證明他所逮捕的人是罪犯。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章中對(duì)警察的相關(guān)描述,“apoliceman’srealliferevolvesroundcriminallaw…h(huán)eoftenhastogatheralotofdifferentevidence…therealoneistheunpleasantpressures…”,可知警察需要懂法律,需要在逮捕過程中收集證據(jù),需要承受不快的壓力等等,可判斷出最能描述警察這個(gè)職業(yè)的詞為demanding“要求高的”,選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第四段,“Inreallife,findingcriminalsisseldommuchofaproblem.”,可知在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中,找到罪犯在很多情況下并不是什么大問題。又根據(jù)第五段,“Havingmadeanarrest,adetectivereallystartstowork.Hehastoprovehiscaseincourtandtodothatheoftenhastogatheralotofdifferentevidence.”,可知逮捕之后,才真正開始偵探的工作了。他必須在法庭上證明自己的觀點(diǎn),為此他經(jīng)常需要收集很多不同的證據(jù)??膳袛喑鼍煨枰汛罅康臅r(shí)間和精力花在尋找和收集證據(jù)上。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第六段,“Atthirdbigdifferencebetweenthedramadetectiveandtherealoneistheunpleasantpressures:first,asmembersofapoliceforcetheyalwayshavetobehaveabsolutelyinaccordancewiththelaw.Secondly,asexpensivepublicservantstheyhavetogetresults.”,可知第三個(gè)最大的區(qū)別就是不快的壓力,首先,他們總是必須絕對(duì)依法行事。其次,作為公務(wù)員,他們必須取得成效??膳袛喑鼍毂仨氃诓贿`反任何法律的情況下達(dá)到最理想的結(jié)果。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段,“Ifthedetectivehastodetecttheworld,theworldoftendeceiveshim.Hardlyanyonehemeetstellshimthetruth.Andthisseparationthedetectivefeelsbetweenhimselfandtherestoftheworldisdeepenedbythesimple-mindedness…insteadofeliminatingcrime,punishthecriminalslessseverelyinthehopethatthiswillmakethemreform.”,可知如果偵探要偵破這個(gè)世界,世界往往會(huì)欺騙他。他遇到的任何人幾乎沒有一個(gè)告訴他真相。偵探會(huì)感到自己與外界的這種隔閡加深了。在警察想要消除犯罪的時(shí)候,而其他人可能希望給罪犯改過自新的機(jī)會(huì)而對(duì)其從輕處罰??膳袛喑鼍炫c世界隔離的原因在于他們沒有得到人們應(yīng)有的支持。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

15.單選題

Withoutfacts,wecannotformaworthwhileopinionforweneedtohavefactualknowledge___ourthinking.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whichtobebasedon

B.whichtobaseupon

C.uponwhichtobase

D.towhichtobebased

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞不定式短語作定語。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知wecan’tformaworthwhileopinion是主句,forweneedtohavefactualknowledge___ourthinking是原因狀語從句,在這個(gè)從句中___ourthinking是knowledge的定語,展開后半截應(yīng)該是tobaseourthinkinguponfactualknowledge,是主句中的we主動(dòng)的發(fā)出base這個(gè)動(dòng)作,所以不能使用被動(dòng)語態(tài),排除A,D選項(xiàng);動(dòng)詞不定式短語作定語時(shí)要加上which完善結(jié)構(gòu)(但是并非從句)且和base這個(gè)動(dòng)作搭配的介詞upon需要放在which之前,排除B選項(xiàng)。句意:沒有事實(shí),我們就不能形成有價(jià)值的觀點(diǎn),因?yàn)槲覀冃枰聦?shí)知識(shí)來作為我們思考的基礎(chǔ)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

YangtzeRiverflowsatawidthofupto2kmandanaveragedepthofbetween6and15mthroughalargeplainwithmanylakes.Thisareais()toseverefloodingandaccumulationofriversediment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.object

B.particular

C.subject

D.prone

【答案】C

【解析】句意:長江流經(jīng)一個(gè)有許多湖泊的大平原,這個(gè)平原寬達(dá)2公里,平均深度在6至15米之間。這個(gè)地區(qū)經(jīng)常發(fā)生嚴(yán)重的水災(zāi)和河流泥沙淤積。objectto對(duì)……反對(duì);particular特別,尤其,不與to搭配;subjectto使遭受;proneto有……傾向的。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

17.單選題

Fitnesshelps______signsofdepression,suchasindecisionandlackofzestfordailyactivities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.alleviate

B.diagnose

C.assess

D.manipulate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)alleviate“減輕,緩和”;B選項(xiàng)diagnose“診斷;斷定;判斷”;C選項(xiàng)assess“評(píng)定;估價(jià);對(duì)……征稅”;D選項(xiàng)manipulate“操縱;操作;巧妙地處理;篡改”。句意:健康有助于緩解抑郁跡象,如優(yōu)柔寡斷和對(duì)日?;顒?dòng)缺乏熱情。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Thejobofastudentaccommodationofficer()agreatmanyvisitstolandladies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.concerns

B.offers

C.asks

D.involves

【答案】D

【解析】句意:學(xué)生宿管的工作包含多次拜訪女房東。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。concern涉及,關(guān)系到,使擔(dān)心;offer提供,出價(jià);ask詢問,要求;involve包含,牽涉,使陷于。前面句意“學(xué)生宿管的工作”跟后面句意“多次拜訪女房東”是包含關(guān)系。故選D。

19.單選題

IthinkImustbecomingdownwithflubecauseI’vebeenfeeling()allday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wretched

B.worried

C.wrecked

D.wicked

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。wretched“可憐的,卑鄙的”;worried“擔(dān)心的”;wrecked“失事的;迷幻的”;wicked“邪惡的,惡劣的,不道德的”。句意:我覺得我染上流感了,因?yàn)槲艺旄杏X不舒服。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

20.單選題

Idon’tsmokenow,butIused(

)whenIwasyoung.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.todo

C.toit

D.todoingit

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我現(xiàn)在不抽煙了,但是我年輕的時(shí)候常常抽煙。

固定搭配。usedtodo過去常常;be/getusedtosth./doingsth.習(xí)慣于…。因此B符合句意。

21.單選題

Ifwedon’tstopflirtingwiththosedeathlynuclearweapons,thewholeglobewillbe(

).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contaminated

B.polluted

C.annihilated

D.invaded

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)contaminate“污染,玷污,腐蝕(人的思想或品德)”;B選項(xiàng)pollute“污染,弄臟”;C選項(xiàng)annihilate“消滅,毀滅,徹底擊敗”;D選項(xiàng)invade“侵入,侵略”。flirtwith表示“調(diào)戲,玩弄,不認(rèn)真地考慮”,deathlynuclearweapons表示“致命核武器”,結(jié)合語境可知C選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意:如果我們不停止玩弄那些致命的核武器,整個(gè)世界將被毀滅。

22.單選題

Tobe(

)withyou,Ithinkyou’remakingadreadfulmistakebyrefusingtocooperate.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.frank

B.pertinent

C.mild

D.vivid

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。tobefrank為固定搭配,意為“老實(shí)說,坦率地說”。

句意:坦率地跟你說,我認(rèn)為你拒絕合作是犯了一個(gè)可怕的錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)A正確。

23.單選題

Histimeatuniversitywasthemost(

)periodofherlife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eventual

B.enduring

C.eventually

D.eventful

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。eventual“最后的,最終的”;enduring“持久的,能忍受的”;eventually“最后,終于,副詞”;eventful“多事的,重大的”。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),可知空格中填入形容詞修飾period,選項(xiàng)C可排除。句意:他的大學(xué)時(shí)光是一生中最重要的時(shí)光。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

24.單選題

Thisspaciousroomis______furnishedwithjustafewarticlesinit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lightly

B.hardly

C.sparsely

D.rarely

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.lightly輕柔地,輕微地B.hardly幾乎不,幾乎沒有

C.sparsely稀疏地;貧乏地D.rarely罕有,很少

【考查點(diǎn)】副詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)后面的afew(幾個(gè))說明是僅僅有少數(shù)幾件家具,東西不多,而sparsely表示數(shù)量少地,該題選擇C項(xiàng)恰當(dāng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)不符合句意;

B、D項(xiàng)含有否定的意思,與后面的justafewarticles(僅有幾件家具)不符合。

【句意】這個(gè)寬敞的房間只零星布置了幾件家具。

25.單選題

Theheavyfoghadcreatedanoptical()thatmadetheoppositeshoreofthelakeseemcloserthanitwas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.imagination

B.conclusion

C.illusion

D.impression

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。illusion“幻覺”;imagination“想象”;impression“印象”;conclusion“結(jié)論”。本句意為“濃霧造成了一種錯(cuò)覺,使湖的對(duì)岸看起來比實(shí)際更近”,幻覺使得遠(yuǎn)處的景物看起來更近。選項(xiàng)C正確。

26.單選題

Icouldn’theartheprogrambecausetherewastoomuch(

).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.grasp

B.globe

C.superior

D.interference

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我聽不清節(jié)目,因?yàn)楦蓴_太大。

考查名詞辨析。Grasp緊抓,緊握,控制,理解(力);globe地球,世界(尤用以強(qiáng)調(diào)其大);superior級(jí)別(或地位、職位)更高的人,上級(jí),上司;interference干涉,干預(yù),介入,(無線電信號(hào)的)干擾。故D符合句意。

27.單選題

In1636Rembrandtbegantodepictquieter,morecontemplativesceneswithanewwarmthincolor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.impressive

B.magnificent

C.inspiring

D.thoughtful

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。contemplative表示“沉思的,冥想的,默想的”;A項(xiàng)impressive“感人的,令人欽佩的,給人以深刻印象的”,B項(xiàng)magnificent“高尚的,壯麗的,華麗的”,C項(xiàng)inspiring“鼓舞人心的,啟發(fā)靈感的”,D項(xiàng)thoughtful“深思的,體貼的,關(guān)切的”。句意:1636年,倫勃朗開始用一種新的溫暖色彩來描繪更安靜、更發(fā)人深省的場景。因此,根據(jù)句意可知D選項(xiàng)正確。

28.單選題

)isknowntotheworld,MarkTwinisagreatAmericanwriter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.That

B.Which

C.As

D.It

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。Asisknownto…“眾所周知”。句意:眾所周知,馬克吐溫是一位偉大的美國作家。故C項(xiàng)正確。

29.單選題

PresidentBanda’sbackgroundasadoctorhasgivenhim____intothemedicalproblemthatfacethecountry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aview

B.avision

C.aninsight

D.asight

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析與固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)aview“(~about/onsth)看法,見解”;B選項(xiàng)avision“想象;幻想”;C選項(xiàng)aninsight“對(duì)某事的理解”;D選項(xiàng)asight“(看見的或看得見的)事物或景象;一個(gè)滑稽可笑的人或物”。句意:班達(dá)總統(tǒng)的醫(yī)生背景使他____這個(gè)國家面臨的醫(yī)療問題??偨y(tǒng)的醫(yī)生背景使他對(duì)醫(yī)療問題更了解,原文givenhim____intothemedicalproblem,考查固定搭配giveaninsightinto“洞察……;深入了解……”。B選項(xiàng)vision意為“遠(yuǎn)見卓識(shí)”是不可數(shù),C選項(xiàng)最符合句意。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

30.單選題

Theeveofthehurricaneappearstobetranquil.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.calm

B.noisy

C.spiral

D.transparent

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.calm平靜的B.noisy吵鬧的

C.spiral螺旋形的D.transparent透明的

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接

【解題思路】劃線詞前面部分的語義為“颶風(fēng)來臨的前夕似乎是____”,由此可知,該詞是形容颶風(fēng)來臨之前的情況的,根據(jù)常識(shí)可知,暴風(fēng)雨來臨之前都是平靜的,A選項(xiàng)calm“平靜的”最符合原句語義銜接。原詞tranquil“平靜的”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】颶風(fēng)來臨的前夕似乎很平靜。

31.單選題

BythetimehearrivesinBeijing,(

)herefortwodays.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wehadstayed

B.wewillhavestayed

C.wewouldhavestayed

D.Wehavestayed

【答案】B

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:在他到北京來的時(shí)候,我們將已經(jīng)來了兩天了。bythetime“在……時(shí)候”,這里引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語,應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循主將從現(xiàn)的原則。而從句在這里是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),所以主句要用一般將來時(shí),所以答案選B。

32.單選題

MissTracymovedtoNewYorkintheearly1960s,apparentlytoescapejealousfriendswhowerebecomingincreasingly(

)ofhersuccess.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.delightful

B.graceful

C.resentful

D.respectful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。delightful“可愛的;令人愉快的”;graceful“優(yōu)雅的”;resentful“氣憤的;厭惡的”;respectful“恭敬的;有禮貌的”。句意:特雷西女士在20世紀(jì)六十年早期搬到了紐約,明顯是為了逃離那些對(duì)她的成功嫉恨的朋友。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

33.單選題

The()ofolderpersonsisrelativelylowindevelopingcountries,butitisgrowingmuchfasterthanintheWest.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.addition

B.majority

C.percentage

D.statistic

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)addition“添加,增加物”;B選項(xiàng)majority“多數(shù),成年”;C選項(xiàng)percentage“百分比”;D選項(xiàng)statistic“統(tǒng)計(jì)資料,統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)”。句意:發(fā)展中國家的老年人()相對(duì)較低,但其增長速度卻比西方國家快得多。這里要表達(dá)的是“老年人的比例相對(duì)較低”這個(gè)意思,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

34.單選題

Inasocietythatplacesomuchemphasisto“makingit,”wefailtorecognizethatwhatlookslikefailuremay,inthelongrun,provebeneficial.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.failtorecognize

C.what

D.inthelongrun

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。根據(jù)emphasis可知,placeemphasison為固定搭配,表示“重視,強(qiáng)調(diào)”。句意:在一個(gè)如此強(qiáng)調(diào)“成功”的社會(huì)里,我們沒有意識(shí)到,從長遠(yuǎn)來看,看起來像是失敗的東西可能是有益的。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

35.單選題

Manymoreeighteenth-centurynovelswerewrittenbywomenthanbymen,butthisdominancehas,untilveryrecently,beenregardedmerelyas()fact,abitofarcaneknowledgenotedonlybybibliographers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acontroversial

B.astatistical

C.anexplicit

D.anunimpeachable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)controversial“有爭議的;有爭論的”;B選項(xiàng)statistical“統(tǒng)計(jì)的;統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的”;C選項(xiàng)explicit“明確的;清楚的;直率的;詳述的”;D選項(xiàng)unimpeachable“無可指責(zé)的;無可懷疑的;無懈可擊的;無過失的,無罪的”。句意:18世紀(jì)的小說中,女性的作品要比男性的多得多,但直到最近,這種主導(dǎo)地位一直被認(rèn)為只是一個(gè)統(tǒng)計(jì)事實(shí),一種只有文獻(xiàn)學(xué)家才注意到的晦澀知識(shí)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

36.單選題

Ateverystageofearlydevelopment,humanbabieslagbehindinfantsfromotherspecies.Akittencanambleacrossaroomwithinmomentsofbirthandcatchitsfirstmousewithinweeks,whileitswide-eyedhumancounterparttakesmonthstomakeherfirststep,andyearstolearnevensimpletasks,suchashowtotieashoelaceorskiparope,letaloneprepareathree-coursemeal.Yet,inthecognitiverace,humanbabiesturnouttobemuchlikethetortoiseinAesop’sfable:emergingtriumphantafteraslowandsteadyclimbtothefinish.Asadults,wedrivefancysportscars,leapnimblyacrossfootballfieldsandballetstages,writelengthydissertationsoneveryconceivablesubject,andlaunchrocketsintospace.Wehaveamasteryoverourselvesandourenvironmentsthatispeculiartoourspecies.

Yet,thisvictoryseemspuzzling.Inthefable,thetortoisewinstheracebecausetheharetakesanap.But,ifanything,humaninfantsnapevenmorethankittens!Andunlikethenobletortoise,babiesarehelpless,andmoretothepoint,hopeless.Theycouldnotlearnthebasicskillsnecessarytotheirindependentsurvivaleveniftheytried.Howdohumanbabiesmangetoturnthingsaroundintheend?

InarecentarticleinCurrentDirectionsinPsychologicalScience,SharonThompson-Schill,MichaelRamscarandEvangeliaChrysikoumakethecasethatthisveryhelplessnessiswhatallowshumanbabiestoadvancefarbeyondotheranimals.Theyproposethatourdelayedcorticaldevelopmentispreciselywhatenablesustoacquiretheculturalbuildingblocks,suchaslanguage,thatmakeupthefoundationsofhumanachievement.Indeed,thetriomakesclearthatourearlyvulnerabilityisanevolutionary“engineeringtrade-off”,muchlikethehumanlarynx—which,whileitfacilitatestheintricateproductionsofhumanspeech,isactuallyquiteaprecariousadaptationforanyonetryingtoswallowsafely.Inthesameway,theysuggest,ourabilitytolearnlanguagecomesatthepriceofanextendedperiodofcognitiveimmaturity.

Thisclaimhingesonapeculiaranduniquefeatureofourcognitivearchitecture:thestunninglyslowdevelopmentoftheprefrontalcortex(PFC).Whileotheranimals’brainregionsdevelopmentinsynchrony,inhumans,thedevelopmentofthePFClagsfarbehindthatofotherareas.ThePFCistheswathofgraymatterthatmakesuptheanteriorfrontallobes,andfunctionally,itappearstobeheavilyimplicatedinawide-rangeofsophisticatedplanningandattentiondrivenbehaviors.Indeed,itisoftenreferredtoasthe“control”centerofthebrain.Oneofitsmainfunctionsappearstobethatofselectivelyfilteringinformationfromthesenses,allowingustoattendtospecificactions,goals,ortasks.Forthisreason,“cognitivecontrol”tasksarethoughttobeoneofthebestassessorsofPFCfunctionandmaturity,andtheyareteststhatyoungchildrenreliably,andignominiously,fail.

TheStrooptaskservesasasimpleassessorofPFCfunctioninadults.Thetaskinvolvesnamingtheinkcolorofacontrastingcolorword:forexample,youmightseetheword“red”writteningreenink,inwhichcaseyouhavetosay“green”.Thetask(saying“red”inresponsetoseeingthewordred)withanewresponsespecifictothetask(namingtheconflictinginkcolor).Trickyornot,healthyadultscansuccessfullycompetethetaskwithonlyminorhesitation.

Children,withtheirimmaturePFC’s,areadifferentstory.Typically,theyoungerchildrenare,theworsetheyareatsolvingStroop—liketasks,andundertheageoffour,theyoutrightfailthem.Whileyoungchildrenaresensitive,aptlearners,andoftenappeartofullyunderstandwhatisbeingaskedofthem,theyareunabletomediatetheconflictingdemandspresentinthesesortsoftasks,andthusfailthem,timeandtimeagain.Three-yearoldssimplycannotdirecthowtheyattendtoorrespondtotheworld.

31.WhydoestheauthorcomparehumanbabiestothetortoiseinAesop’sfable?

32.Whyarehumanbabies“helpless”accordingtothetext?

33.WhatisthepurposeofmentioninghumanlarynxinParagraph3?

34.Whatisthefunctionoftheprefrontalcortex(PFC)?

35.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthe“Strooptask”?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhaveamasteryoverthemselves.

B.Theylagbehindatbeginningandthenslowlycatchup.

C.Theyaresuperiortoinfantsfromotherspecies.

D.Theyarequiteslowincognitivedevelopment.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theydon’thavethebasicskillsnecessaryforsurvival.

B.Theynapmoreoftenthaninfantsofotherspecies.

C.Theyarenotsopersistentasthetortoise.

D.Theyarenotquicklearnersasinfantsofotherspecies.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Toshowthepeculiarfunctionofhumanlarynx.

B.Toemphasizetheimportanceofhumanlanguage.

C.Toexplainthereasonsforourearlycognitiveimmaturity.

D.Toindicatehowhumandevelopspeeches.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Tocollectinformationfromthesenses.

B.Tohelpperformsophisticatedplanningandattention-drivenbehaviors.

C.Tocontrolthedevelopmentofotherareasofthebrain.

D.Toenablehumanbeingstocarryoutadvancetasks.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Childrenwouldfailsuchtaskduetotheirinabilitytounderstandthetaskrequirements.

B.ThetaskisoftenusedtoassessthematurityofPF

C.C.Thetaskrequiresthesubjectstomakeresponsescontradictorytothewell-learnedones.

D.Adultscouldcompletethetasksuccessfullywithonlylittlehesitation.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第三句Yet,inthecognitiverace,humanbabiesturnouttobemuchlikethetortoiseinAesop’sfable:emergingtriumphantafteraslowandsteadyclimbtothefinish.(然而,在認(rèn)知方面,人類嬰兒很像伊索寓言中的烏龜:緩慢而穩(wěn)定地爬到終點(diǎn)后,勝利出現(xiàn)。),可知人類嬰兒和烏龜?shù)南嗨圃谟诼?,最終卻能勝利,所以B選項(xiàng)“他們一開始落后,然后慢慢地趕上來了”正確,D選項(xiàng)“他們的認(rèn)知發(fā)展相當(dāng)緩慢”不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn),故錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“他們能掌控自己”和C選項(xiàng)“他們優(yōu)于其他物種的嬰兒”:文章沒有提到,故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

32.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第四、五句Andunlikethenobletortoise,babiesarehelpless,andmoretothepoint,hopeless.Theycouldnotlearnthebasicskillsnecessarytotheirindependentsurvivaleveniftheytried.(和高貴的烏龜不同,嬰兒是無助的,更確切地說,是絕望的。即使他們嘗試,他們也學(xué)不到獨(dú)立生存所必需的基本技能。),可知人類嬰兒無助是因?yàn)锳選項(xiàng)“他們沒有生存所需的基本技能”。B選項(xiàng)“他們比其他物種的嬰兒更經(jīng)常打盹”:根據(jù)第二段第三句But,ifanything,humaninfantsnapevenmorethankittens!(但是,如果說有什么不同的話,那就是人類的嬰兒比小貓更喜歡打盹?。?,這

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