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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-曲阜遠(yuǎn)東職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題
()oftheburdenofice,theballoonclimbedupanddriftedtotheSouth.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Tobefree
B.Tofree
C.Freeing
D.Freed
【答案】D
【解析】句意:擺脫了冰塊的負(fù)擔(dān)之后,氣球向上朝南方飄去。
語法題??疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。句子的后半部分已經(jīng)完整,因此空格處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式,前半部分作為整句的狀語。句子的主語是“氣球”,動(dòng)詞free與其之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故選D項(xiàng)。
2.單選題
Theyhadtheattemptto___Andersontothepresidency.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.evolve
B.elevate
C.evoke
D.evince
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)evolve“發(fā)展;進(jìn)化;使逐步形成;推斷出”;B選項(xiàng)elevate“提升;舉起;振奮情緒等;提升……的職位”;C選項(xiàng)evoke“引起,喚起;博得”;D選項(xiàng)evince“表明,表示”。句意:他們試圖___安德森當(dāng)上總統(tǒng)。本句表示“試圖提升安德森當(dāng)總統(tǒng)”。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
3.單選題
BigBenisoneofLondon’sbest-knownlandmark,andlooksmostspectacularatnightwhentheclockfacesarelighted.Youevenknowwhenparliamentisinsession,becausealightshinesabovetheclockface.
Thefourdialsoftheclockare23feetsquare,theminutehandis14feetlongandthefiguresare2feethigh.Minutelyregulated(校準(zhǔn))withastackofcoinsplacedonthehugependulum,BigBenisanexcellenttimekeeper,whichhasrarelystopped.
ThenameBigBenactuallyrefersnottotheclock-toweritself,buttothethirteen-tonbellhungwithin.Thebellwasnamedafterthefirstcommissionerofworks,SirBenjaminHall.ThisbellcameoriginallyfromtheoldPalaceofWestminster,andwasgiventotheDeanofSt.PaulbyWilliamIII.BeforereturningtoWestminstertohanginitspresenthome,itwasrefashionedinWhitechapelin1858.TheBBCfirstbroadcastthechimes(報(bào)時(shí))onthe31stDecember1923—thereisamicrophoneintheturretconnectedtoBroadcastingHouse.
DuringtheSecondWorldWarin1941,abombdestroyedtheLowerChamberoftheHouseofParliament,buttheclocktowerremainedintactandBigBencontinuedtokeeptimeandstrikeawaythehours,itsuniquesoundwasbroadcasttothenationandaroundtheworld,awelcomereassuranceofhopetoallwhoheardit.
Thetowerisnotopentothegeneralpublic,butthosewitha“specialinterest”mayarrangeavisittothetopoftheClockTowerthroughtheirlocal(UK)MP.
1.Whenparliamenthasmeeting().
2.Whichoffollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?
3.Thebellwasonceownedby().
4.TheBBCfirstbroadcastthechimesontheeveof().
5.Theword“intact”inLine2,Para.4probablymeans().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.alightisonabovetheface
B.theclockfacesarelighted
C.BigBenstrikesthetime
D.BigBenlightstheparliament
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.BigBenhasonlyonehand.
B.BigBenhasneverstopped.
C.BigBenhasahugependulummadeofcoins.
D.CoinsareusedtomakeBigBenworkmoreprecisely.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.theBBC
B.theDeanofSt.Paul
C.SirBenjaminHall
D.theoldPalaceofWestminster
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.1858
B.1923
C.1924
D.1941
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.uncut
B.unharmed
C.uninjured
D.undamaged
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:D
第3題:B
第4題:C
第5題:D
【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段第二句Youevenknowwhenparliamentisinsession,becausealightshinesabovetheclockface.(你甚至知道議會(huì)什么時(shí)候開會(huì),因?yàn)橐槐K燈在鐘面上方閃爍。)由此得知A選項(xiàng)“鐘面上有一盞燈”正確。B選項(xiàng)“鐘面是亮的”并不準(zhǔn)確;C選項(xiàng)“大本鐘在報(bào)時(shí)”沒有提及;D選項(xiàng)“大本鐘照亮了議會(huì)”不對(duì)。
2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第二段第二句話Minutelyregulatedwithastackofcoinsplacedonthehugependulum,BigBenisanexcellenttimekeeper,whichhasrarelystopped.(大本鐘的鐘擺上放置了一堆硬幣,精確地調(diào)節(jié)著時(shí)間,它是一個(gè)出色的計(jì)時(shí)器,很少停下來。)因此D選項(xiàng)“硬幣被用來使大本鐘工作得更精確”正確。A選項(xiàng)“大本鐘只有一個(gè)指針”在第二段的第一句話Thefourdialsoftheclockare23feetsquare,theminutehandis14feetlongandthefiguresare2feethigh.(這個(gè)鐘的四個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)盤是23平方英尺,分針是14英尺長,數(shù)字是2英尺高。)這里可以看出大本鐘是否有多于一個(gè)指針原文并沒有提及;B選項(xiàng)“大本鐘從不停止轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)”,原文說大本鐘很少停下,說明它還是會(huì)停止,只是很罕見;C選項(xiàng)“大本鐘有一個(gè)由硬幣組成的巨大鐘擺”,硬幣只是讓大本鐘變得更準(zhǔn)確,但并不是它的鐘擺組成。
3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文定位到第三段的第三句話ThisbellcameoriginallyfromtheoldPalaceofWestminster,andwasgiventotheDeanofSt.PaulbyWilliamIII.(這只鐘最初來自威斯敏斯特宮,是威廉三世送給圣保羅教長的。)因此B選項(xiàng)“它是屬于圣保羅的教長的”正確。A、C、D均不符合原文。
4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段的倒數(shù)第一句話TheBBCfirstbroadcastthechimesonthe31stDecember1923—thereisamicrophoneintheturretconnectedtoBroadcastingHouse.(英國廣播公司于1923年12月31日首次播放了大本鐘,它的信息塔上有一個(gè)麥克風(fēng)連接到廣播大樓。)而原文問的是在哪一年的前夜,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)在倒數(shù)第三段BeforereturningtoWestminstertohanginitspresenthome,itwasrefashionedinWhitechapelin1858.(在回到威斯敏斯特懸掛在現(xiàn)在的家中之前,它在1858年被重新設(shè)計(jì)在白色教堂。)與事件不符合;B選項(xiàng)與題干不符合;D選項(xiàng)在倒數(shù)第二段DuringtheSecondWorldWarin1941,abombdestroyedtheLowerChamberoftheHouseofParliament(1941年第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間,一枚炸彈摧毀了下議院的議會(huì))與事件不符。
5.語義推測題。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段DuringtheSecondWorldWarin1941,abombdestroyedtheLowerChamberoftheHouseofParliament,buttheclocktowerremainedintactandBigBencontinuedtokeeptimeandstrikeawaythehours(1941年第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間,一枚炸彈摧毀了下議院的議會(huì),但鐘樓仍完好無損,大本鐘繼續(xù)計(jì)時(shí),不停地敲響鐘聲)根據(jù)原文含義可知intact意為“完整的,原封不動(dòng)的”。A選項(xiàng)“未切的,毛邊的,未雕琢的,未割的”;B選項(xiàng)“無恙的;沒有受傷的(用于人)”;C選項(xiàng)“未受傷害的;未蒙損失的(多用于人或器官)”;D選項(xiàng)“未毀壞的,未損壞的(多用于物品)”,因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
4.單選題
______theFirstWorldWar,theUnitedStatesbecamethedominantforceinthemotion-picture,industry.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Itwasduringtheadventunder
B.Withtheadventof
C.Tofollowtheadventin
D.Upontheadventat
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:隨著第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的來臨,美國成為電影工業(yè)的主導(dǎo)力量。advent一般和介詞of連用而不和under、in、at連用,B選項(xiàng)Withtheadventof“隨著……的出現(xiàn)”符合語境。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
5.單選題
The(
)ofthewordisunknown,butitiscertainlynotfromGreek.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.origin
B.generation
C.descent
D.cause
【答案】A
【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)origin“起源”;B選項(xiàng)generation“產(chǎn)生”;C選項(xiàng)descent“下降”;D選項(xiàng)cause“原因”。
句意:這個(gè)詞的起源尚不清楚,但肯定不是來自希臘語。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。
6.單選題
Somepeopleviewedthefindingswithcaution,notingthatacause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenpassivesmokingandcancerremained().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.tobeshown
B.tohavebeenshown
C.tohaveshown
D.beingshown
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定用法。remaintobedone“待完成;待處理”為固定用法。句意:一些人對(duì)研究結(jié)果持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度,指出吸二手煙和癌癥之間的因果關(guān)系有待揭示。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
7.單選題
Theirsuccessinincreasingthemarketshareresultedfromtheirbreak-throughin()oftheproductconfiguration.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.quality
B.stereotype
C.ads
D.maintenance
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)quality“品質(zhì)、質(zhì)量”;B選項(xiàng)stereotype“老套、成見”;C選項(xiàng)ads“廣告”;D選項(xiàng)maintenance“維持、保養(yǎng)”,句意為:他們之所以能成功地提高市場份額,是因?yàn)樗麄冊诋a(chǎn)品配置的質(zhì)量上取得了突破。quality“品質(zhì)、質(zhì)量”符合題意,因此選A。
8.單選題
AluxuryexpresstrainjumpedthetracksonabridgeineasternIndia,killingatleast50onthespot.AccordingtotheNorthernRailwayspokesman,thedeath()isexpectedtorise.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.toll
B.figure
C.span
D.yield
【答案】A
【解析】名詞詞義辨析。toll“傷亡人數(shù),代價(jià)”;figure“數(shù)字,圖形”;span“跨度,范圍”;yield“產(chǎn)量,收益”。句意:一輛豪華特快列車在印度東部一座橋上脫軌,造成至少50人當(dāng)場死亡。據(jù)北方鐵路發(fā)言人表示,死亡人數(shù)預(yù)計(jì)還會(huì)上升。deathtoll表示“死亡人數(shù)”,符合句意。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。
9.單選題
Wemanagedtoreachthetopofthemountain,andhalfanhourlaterwebeganto(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.ascend
B.descend
C.decline
D.plunge
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。ascend“上升,升髙,攀登”;descend“下降,下傾”,表示空間方位的變化;decline“(數(shù)量、價(jià)值、質(zhì)量等的)減少,下降”;plunge“使突然前沖(或下落),(價(jià)格、溫度等)暴跌”。句意:我們成功到達(dá)山頂,半小時(shí)后我們開始下山。根據(jù)題干的邏輯關(guān)系可知B項(xiàng)符合題意,因此答案選B。
10.單選題
Coffeeisthe()ofthisdistrictandbringslocalfarmersalotofmoney.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.majority
B.staple
C.spice
D.elite
【答案】B
【解析】句意:咖啡是這個(gè)地區(qū)的主要產(chǎn)品,給當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民帶來很多收入。
考查名詞辨析。majority大部分,大多數(shù);staple主要產(chǎn)品,訂書釘,主食;spice香料,調(diào)味品,風(fēng)味;elite上層人士,掌權(quán)人物,精英。故B項(xiàng)符合句意。
11.翻譯題
洗手的時(shí)候,日子從水盆里過去;吃飯的時(shí)候,日子從飯碗里過去;默默時(shí),便從凝然的雙眼前過去。我覺察他去的匆匆了,伸出手遮挽時(shí),他又從遮挽著的手邊過去,天黑時(shí),我躺在床上,他便伶伶俐俐地從我身上跨過,從我腳邊飛去了。等我睜開眼和太陽再見,這算又溜走了一日。
【答案】【參考譯文】ThedayflowsawaythroughthesinkwhenIwashmyhands;vanishesinthericebowlwhenIhavemymeal;passesawayquietlybeforethefixedgazeofmyeyeswhenIamlostinreverie.Awareofitsfleetingpresence,Ireachoutforitonlytofinditbrushingpastmyoutstretchedhands.Intheevening,whenIlieonmybed,itnimblystridesovermybodyandflitspastmyfeet.BythetimewhenIopenmyeyestomeetthesunagain,anotherdayisalreadygone.Iheaveasigh,myheadburiedinmyhands.
12.單選題
Afterafewroundsoftalks,bothsidesregardedtheterritorydispute().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.beingsettled
B.tobesettled
C.hadsettled
D.assettled
【答案】D
【解析】句意:經(jīng)過幾次談話,雙方都認(rèn)為這個(gè)領(lǐng)土紛爭已經(jīng)解決了。
考查固定搭配。regardsth.asdone將某事看做已經(jīng)完成了的事。因此選D項(xiàng)。
13.單選題
Hefailedtocompletelyachievetheaim()bytheteacheratthebeginningoftheterm.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.setforth
B.broughtforth
C.comeup
D.putforward
【答案】A
【解析】setforththeaim表示“提出(設(shè)立)目標(biāo)”。bringforth和putforward也是“提出”,但不能與aim搭配使用,我們可以說:bringforthevidence,putforwardatheory(idea,plan,suggestion)。comeup意為“出現(xiàn)”“被提出”,作非及物動(dòng)詞用。本句意為:“他沒有完全達(dá)到教師在學(xué)期初提出的目標(biāo)?!?/p>
14.單選題
RealpolicemenhardlyrecognizeanyresemblancebetweentheirlivesandwhattheyseeonTV.
Thefirstdifferenceisthatapoliceman’srealliferevolvesroundcriminallaw,hehastoknowexactlywhatactionsarecrimesandwhatevidencecanbeusedtoprovethemincourt.Hehastoknownearlyasmuchlawasaprofessionallawyer,andwhatismore,hehastoapplyitonhisfeet,inthedarkandrain,runningdownastreetaftersomeonehewantstotalkto.
Littleofhistimeisspentinchatting.Hewillspendmostofhisworkinglifetypingmillionsofwordsonthousandsofformsabouthundredsofsad,unimportantpeoplewhoareguiltyofstupid,pettycrimes.
Mosttelevisioncrimedramaisaboutfindingthecriminal:assoonashe’sarrested,thestoryisover.Inreallife,findingcriminalsisseldommuchofaproblem.Exceptinveryseriouscaseslikemurdersandterroristattackslittleeffortisspentonsearching.
Havingmadeanarrest,adetectivereallystartstowork.Hehastoprovehiscaseincourtandtodothatheoftenhastogatheralotofdifferentevidence.
Atthirdbigdifferencebetweenthedramadetectiveandtherealoneistheunpleasantpressures:first,asmembersofapoliceforcetheyalwayshavetobehaveabsolutelyinaccordancewiththelaw.Secondly,asexpensivepublicservantstheyhavetogetresults.Theycanhardlyeverdoboth.Mostofthetime,someofthemhavetobreaktherulesinsmallways.
Ifthedetectivehastodetecttheworld,theworldoftendeceiveshim.Hardlyanyonehemeetstellshimthetruth.Andthisseparationthedetectivefeelsbetweenhimselfandtherestoftheworldisdeepenedbythesimple-mindedness—asheseesit―ofcitizens,socialworkers,doctors,law-makers,andjudges,who,insteadofeliminatingcrime,punishthecriminalslessseverelyinthehopethatthiswillmakethemreform.Theresult,detectivesfeel,isthatnine-tenthsoftheirworkisre-catchingpeoplewhoshouldhavestayedbehindbars.
Thismakesthemrathercynical.
1.Apolicemanhastobetrainedincriminallawbecause(
).
2.Whatisthemostsuitablewordthatdescribestheworkofapolicemanaccordingtothepassage?
3.Accordingtothepassage,policemenspendmostoftheirtimeandefforts(
).
4.What’sthepoliceman’sbiggestheadache?
5.Whydopolicemenfeelseparatedfromtherestoftheworld?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.hemustworkhardtohelpreformcriminals
B.hemustbehaveasprofessionallawyersdo
C.hemustbeabletotellwhenandwhereacrimeiscommitted
D.hemustjustifythearrestshemakesofcriminals
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Dangerous
B.Demanding
C.Distressing
D.Dramatic
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.patrollingthestreet,rainorshine
B.trackingandarrestingcriminals
C.collectingandprovidingevidence
D.consultingtherulesoflaw
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Hehastogetthemostdesirableresultswithoutbreakingthelawinanyway.
B.Hehastojustifyhisarrestswhileunabletoprovidesufficientevidenceinmostcases.
C.Hecanhardlyfindenoughtimetolearncriminallawwhileburdenedwithnumerouscriminalcases
D.Hehastoprovidethebestpossiblepublicserviceattheleastpossibleexpense
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Becausetheydonotreceiveduesupportfromsociety.
B.Becausetheyfindpeopleinsincerewiththem.
C.Becausetheyfeelsuperiortosimple-mindedpeoplearoundthem.
D.Becausetheyaresuspiciousofthepeoplearoundthem.
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:A
第5題:A
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段,“Thefirstdifferenceisthatapoliceman’srealliferevolvesroundcriminallaw,hehastoknowexactlywhatactionsarecrimesandwhatevidencecanbeusedtoprovethemincourt.”,可知第一個(gè)區(qū)別是警察的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活是圍繞著刑法的,他必須知道什么行為是犯罪,什么證據(jù)可以在法庭上證明他們所逮捕的人確實(shí)有犯罪行為。可判斷出警察必須接受刑法方面的訓(xùn)練的原因在于要能證明他所逮捕的人是罪犯。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章中對(duì)警察的相關(guān)描述,“apoliceman’srealliferevolvesroundcriminallaw…h(huán)eoftenhastogatheralotofdifferentevidence…therealoneistheunpleasantpressures…”,可知警察需要懂法律,需要在逮捕過程中收集證據(jù),需要承受不快的壓力等等,可判斷出最能描述警察這個(gè)職業(yè)的詞為demanding“要求高的”,選項(xiàng)B符合題意。
3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第四段,“Inreallife,findingcriminalsisseldommuchofaproblem.”,可知在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中,找到罪犯在很多情況下并不是什么大問題。又根據(jù)第五段,“Havingmadeanarrest,adetectivereallystartstowork.Hehastoprovehiscaseincourtandtodothatheoftenhastogatheralotofdifferentevidence.”,可知逮捕之后,才真正開始偵探的工作了。他必須在法庭上證明自己的觀點(diǎn),為此他經(jīng)常需要收集很多不同的證據(jù)??膳袛喑鼍煨枰汛罅康臅r(shí)間和精力花在尋找和收集證據(jù)上。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第六段,“Atthirdbigdifferencebetweenthedramadetectiveandtherealoneistheunpleasantpressures:first,asmembersofapoliceforcetheyalwayshavetobehaveabsolutelyinaccordancewiththelaw.Secondly,asexpensivepublicservantstheyhavetogetresults.”,可知第三個(gè)最大的區(qū)別就是不快的壓力,首先,他們總是必須絕對(duì)依法行事。其次,作為公務(wù)員,他們必須取得成效??膳袛喑鼍毂仨氃诓贿`反任何法律的情況下達(dá)到最理想的結(jié)果。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段,“Ifthedetectivehastodetecttheworld,theworldoftendeceiveshim.Hardlyanyonehemeetstellshimthetruth.Andthisseparationthedetectivefeelsbetweenhimselfandtherestoftheworldisdeepenedbythesimple-mindedness…insteadofeliminatingcrime,punishthecriminalslessseverelyinthehopethatthiswillmakethemreform.”,可知如果偵探要偵破這個(gè)世界,世界往往會(huì)欺騙他。他遇到的任何人幾乎沒有一個(gè)告訴他真相。偵探會(huì)感到自己與外界的這種隔閡加深了。在警察想要消除犯罪的時(shí)候,而其他人可能希望給罪犯改過自新的機(jī)會(huì)而對(duì)其從輕處罰??膳袛喑鼍炫c世界隔離的原因在于他們沒有得到人們應(yīng)有的支持。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
15.單選題
Withoutfacts,wecannotformaworthwhileopinionforweneedtohavefactualknowledge___ourthinking.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.whichtobebasedon
B.whichtobaseupon
C.uponwhichtobase
D.towhichtobebased
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞不定式短語作定語。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知wecan’tformaworthwhileopinion是主句,forweneedtohavefactualknowledge___ourthinking是原因狀語從句,在這個(gè)從句中___ourthinking是knowledge的定語,展開后半截應(yīng)該是tobaseourthinkinguponfactualknowledge,是主句中的we主動(dòng)的發(fā)出base這個(gè)動(dòng)作,所以不能使用被動(dòng)語態(tài),排除A,D選項(xiàng);動(dòng)詞不定式短語作定語時(shí)要加上which完善結(jié)構(gòu)(但是并非從句)且和base這個(gè)動(dòng)作搭配的介詞upon需要放在which之前,排除B選項(xiàng)。句意:沒有事實(shí),我們就不能形成有價(jià)值的觀點(diǎn),因?yàn)槲覀冃枰聦?shí)知識(shí)來作為我們思考的基礎(chǔ)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
16.單選題
YangtzeRiverflowsatawidthofupto2kmandanaveragedepthofbetween6and15mthroughalargeplainwithmanylakes.Thisareais()toseverefloodingandaccumulationofriversediment.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.object
B.particular
C.subject
D.prone
【答案】C
【解析】句意:長江流經(jīng)一個(gè)有許多湖泊的大平原,這個(gè)平原寬達(dá)2公里,平均深度在6至15米之間。這個(gè)地區(qū)經(jīng)常發(fā)生嚴(yán)重的水災(zāi)和河流泥沙淤積。objectto對(duì)……反對(duì);particular特別,尤其,不與to搭配;subjectto使遭受;proneto有……傾向的。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。
17.單選題
Fitnesshelps______signsofdepression,suchasindecisionandlackofzestfordailyactivities.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.alleviate
B.diagnose
C.assess
D.manipulate
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)alleviate“減輕,緩和”;B選項(xiàng)diagnose“診斷;斷定;判斷”;C選項(xiàng)assess“評(píng)定;估價(jià);對(duì)……征稅”;D選項(xiàng)manipulate“操縱;操作;巧妙地處理;篡改”。句意:健康有助于緩解抑郁跡象,如優(yōu)柔寡斷和對(duì)日?;顒?dòng)缺乏熱情。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
18.單選題
Thejobofastudentaccommodationofficer()agreatmanyvisitstolandladies.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.concerns
B.offers
C.asks
D.involves
【答案】D
【解析】句意:學(xué)生宿管的工作包含多次拜訪女房東。
考查動(dòng)詞辨析。concern涉及,關(guān)系到,使擔(dān)心;offer提供,出價(jià);ask詢問,要求;involve包含,牽涉,使陷于。前面句意“學(xué)生宿管的工作”跟后面句意“多次拜訪女房東”是包含關(guān)系。故選D。
19.單選題
IthinkImustbecomingdownwithflubecauseI’vebeenfeeling()allday.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.wretched
B.worried
C.wrecked
D.wicked
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。wretched“可憐的,卑鄙的”;worried“擔(dān)心的”;wrecked“失事的;迷幻的”;wicked“邪惡的,惡劣的,不道德的”。句意:我覺得我染上流感了,因?yàn)槲艺旄杏X不舒服。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
20.單選題
Idon’tsmokenow,butIused(
)whenIwasyoung.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.to
B.todo
C.toit
D.todoingit
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我現(xiàn)在不抽煙了,但是我年輕的時(shí)候常常抽煙。
固定搭配。usedtodo過去常常;be/getusedtosth./doingsth.習(xí)慣于…。因此B符合句意。
21.單選題
Ifwedon’tstopflirtingwiththosedeathlynuclearweapons,thewholeglobewillbe(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.contaminated
B.polluted
C.annihilated
D.invaded
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)contaminate“污染,玷污,腐蝕(人的思想或品德)”;B選項(xiàng)pollute“污染,弄臟”;C選項(xiàng)annihilate“消滅,毀滅,徹底擊敗”;D選項(xiàng)invade“侵入,侵略”。flirtwith表示“調(diào)戲,玩弄,不認(rèn)真地考慮”,deathlynuclearweapons表示“致命核武器”,結(jié)合語境可知C選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意:如果我們不停止玩弄那些致命的核武器,整個(gè)世界將被毀滅。
22.單選題
Tobe(
)withyou,Ithinkyou’remakingadreadfulmistakebyrefusingtocooperate.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.frank
B.pertinent
C.mild
D.vivid
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定搭配。tobefrank為固定搭配,意為“老實(shí)說,坦率地說”。
句意:坦率地跟你說,我認(rèn)為你拒絕合作是犯了一個(gè)可怕的錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)A正確。
23.單選題
Histimeatuniversitywasthemost(
)periodofherlife.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.eventual
B.enduring
C.eventually
D.eventful
【答案】D
【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。eventual“最后的,最終的”;enduring“持久的,能忍受的”;eventually“最后,終于,副詞”;eventful“多事的,重大的”。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),可知空格中填入形容詞修飾period,選項(xiàng)C可排除。句意:他的大學(xué)時(shí)光是一生中最重要的時(shí)光。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。
24.單選題
Thisspaciousroomis______furnishedwithjustafewarticlesinit.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.lightly
B.hardly
C.sparsely
D.rarely
【答案】C
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.lightly輕柔地,輕微地B.hardly幾乎不,幾乎沒有
C.sparsely稀疏地;貧乏地D.rarely罕有,很少
【考查點(diǎn)】副詞辨析。
【解題思路】根據(jù)后面的afew(幾個(gè))說明是僅僅有少數(shù)幾件家具,東西不多,而sparsely表示數(shù)量少地,該題選擇C項(xiàng)恰當(dāng)。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A項(xiàng)不符合句意;
B、D項(xiàng)含有否定的意思,與后面的justafewarticles(僅有幾件家具)不符合。
【句意】這個(gè)寬敞的房間只零星布置了幾件家具。
25.單選題
Theheavyfoghadcreatedanoptical()thatmadetheoppositeshoreofthelakeseemcloserthanitwas.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.imagination
B.conclusion
C.illusion
D.impression
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞辨析。illusion“幻覺”;imagination“想象”;impression“印象”;conclusion“結(jié)論”。本句意為“濃霧造成了一種錯(cuò)覺,使湖的對(duì)岸看起來比實(shí)際更近”,幻覺使得遠(yuǎn)處的景物看起來更近。選項(xiàng)C正確。
26.單選題
Icouldn’theartheprogrambecausetherewastoomuch(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.grasp
B.globe
C.superior
D.interference
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我聽不清節(jié)目,因?yàn)楦蓴_太大。
考查名詞辨析。Grasp緊抓,緊握,控制,理解(力);globe地球,世界(尤用以強(qiáng)調(diào)其大);superior級(jí)別(或地位、職位)更高的人,上級(jí),上司;interference干涉,干預(yù),介入,(無線電信號(hào)的)干擾。故D符合句意。
27.單選題
In1636Rembrandtbegantodepictquieter,morecontemplativesceneswithanewwarmthincolor.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.impressive
B.magnificent
C.inspiring
D.thoughtful
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。contemplative表示“沉思的,冥想的,默想的”;A項(xiàng)impressive“感人的,令人欽佩的,給人以深刻印象的”,B項(xiàng)magnificent“高尚的,壯麗的,華麗的”,C項(xiàng)inspiring“鼓舞人心的,啟發(fā)靈感的”,D項(xiàng)thoughtful“深思的,體貼的,關(guān)切的”。句意:1636年,倫勃朗開始用一種新的溫暖色彩來描繪更安靜、更發(fā)人深省的場景。因此,根據(jù)句意可知D選項(xiàng)正確。
28.單選題
(
)isknowntotheworld,MarkTwinisagreatAmericanwriter.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.That
B.Which
C.As
D.It
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定用法。Asisknownto…“眾所周知”。句意:眾所周知,馬克吐溫是一位偉大的美國作家。故C項(xiàng)正確。
29.單選題
PresidentBanda’sbackgroundasadoctorhasgivenhim____intothemedicalproblemthatfacethecountry.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.aview
B.avision
C.aninsight
D.asight
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞辨析與固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)aview“(~about/onsth)看法,見解”;B選項(xiàng)avision“想象;幻想”;C選項(xiàng)aninsight“對(duì)某事的理解”;D選項(xiàng)asight“(看見的或看得見的)事物或景象;一個(gè)滑稽可笑的人或物”。句意:班達(dá)總統(tǒng)的醫(yī)生背景使他____這個(gè)國家面臨的醫(yī)療問題??偨y(tǒng)的醫(yī)生背景使他對(duì)醫(yī)療問題更了解,原文givenhim____intothemedicalproblem,考查固定搭配giveaninsightinto“洞察……;深入了解……”。B選項(xiàng)vision意為“遠(yuǎn)見卓識(shí)”是不可數(shù),C選項(xiàng)最符合句意。因此,本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。
30.單選題
Theeveofthehurricaneappearstobetranquil.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.calm
B.noisy
C.spiral
D.transparent
【答案】A
【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】
A.calm平靜的B.noisy吵鬧的
C.spiral螺旋形的D.transparent透明的
【答案】A
【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接
【解題思路】劃線詞前面部分的語義為“颶風(fēng)來臨的前夕似乎是____”,由此可知,該詞是形容颶風(fēng)來臨之前的情況的,根據(jù)常識(shí)可知,暴風(fēng)雨來臨之前都是平靜的,A選項(xiàng)calm“平靜的”最符合原句語義銜接。原詞tranquil“平靜的”。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合原句語義銜接。
【句意】颶風(fēng)來臨的前夕似乎很平靜。
31.單選題
BythetimehearrivesinBeijing,(
)herefortwodays.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.wehadstayed
B.wewillhavestayed
C.wewouldhavestayed
D.Wehavestayed
【答案】B
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意:在他到北京來的時(shí)候,我們將已經(jīng)來了兩天了。bythetime“在……時(shí)候”,這里引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語,應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循主將從現(xiàn)的原則。而從句在這里是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),所以主句要用一般將來時(shí),所以答案選B。
32.單選題
MissTracymovedtoNewYorkintheearly1960s,apparentlytoescapejealousfriendswhowerebecomingincreasingly(
)ofhersuccess.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.delightful
B.graceful
C.resentful
D.respectful
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。delightful“可愛的;令人愉快的”;graceful“優(yōu)雅的”;resentful“氣憤的;厭惡的”;respectful“恭敬的;有禮貌的”。句意:特雷西女士在20世紀(jì)六十年早期搬到了紐約,明顯是為了逃離那些對(duì)她的成功嫉恨的朋友。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。
33.單選題
The()ofolderpersonsisrelativelylowindevelopingcountries,butitisgrowingmuchfasterthanintheWest.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.addition
B.majority
C.percentage
D.statistic
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)addition“添加,增加物”;B選項(xiàng)majority“多數(shù),成年”;C選項(xiàng)percentage“百分比”;D選項(xiàng)statistic“統(tǒng)計(jì)資料,統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)”。句意:發(fā)展中國家的老年人()相對(duì)較低,但其增長速度卻比西方國家快得多。這里要表達(dá)的是“老年人的比例相對(duì)較低”這個(gè)意思,因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
34.單選題
Inasocietythatplacesomuchemphasisto“makingit,”wefailtorecognizethatwhatlookslikefailuremay,inthelongrun,provebeneficial.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.to
B.failtorecognize
C.what
D.inthelongrun
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定搭配。根據(jù)emphasis可知,placeemphasison為固定搭配,表示“重視,強(qiáng)調(diào)”。句意:在一個(gè)如此強(qiáng)調(diào)“成功”的社會(huì)里,我們沒有意識(shí)到,從長遠(yuǎn)來看,看起來像是失敗的東西可能是有益的。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)。
35.單選題
Manymoreeighteenth-centurynovelswerewrittenbywomenthanbymen,butthisdominancehas,untilveryrecently,beenregardedmerelyas()fact,abitofarcaneknowledgenotedonlybybibliographers.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.acontroversial
B.astatistical
C.anexplicit
D.anunimpeachable
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)controversial“有爭議的;有爭論的”;B選項(xiàng)statistical“統(tǒng)計(jì)的;統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的”;C選項(xiàng)explicit“明確的;清楚的;直率的;詳述的”;D選項(xiàng)unimpeachable“無可指責(zé)的;無可懷疑的;無懈可擊的;無過失的,無罪的”。句意:18世紀(jì)的小說中,女性的作品要比男性的多得多,但直到最近,這種主導(dǎo)地位一直被認(rèn)為只是一個(gè)統(tǒng)計(jì)事實(shí),一種只有文獻(xiàn)學(xué)家才注意到的晦澀知識(shí)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
36.單選題
Ateverystageofearlydevelopment,humanbabieslagbehindinfantsfromotherspecies.Akittencanambleacrossaroomwithinmomentsofbirthandcatchitsfirstmousewithinweeks,whileitswide-eyedhumancounterparttakesmonthstomakeherfirststep,andyearstolearnevensimpletasks,suchashowtotieashoelaceorskiparope,letaloneprepareathree-coursemeal.Yet,inthecognitiverace,humanbabiesturnouttobemuchlikethetortoiseinAesop’sfable:emergingtriumphantafteraslowandsteadyclimbtothefinish.Asadults,wedrivefancysportscars,leapnimblyacrossfootballfieldsandballetstages,writelengthydissertationsoneveryconceivablesubject,andlaunchrocketsintospace.Wehaveamasteryoverourselvesandourenvironmentsthatispeculiartoourspecies.
Yet,thisvictoryseemspuzzling.Inthefable,thetortoisewinstheracebecausetheharetakesanap.But,ifanything,humaninfantsnapevenmorethankittens!Andunlikethenobletortoise,babiesarehelpless,andmoretothepoint,hopeless.Theycouldnotlearnthebasicskillsnecessarytotheirindependentsurvivaleveniftheytried.Howdohumanbabiesmangetoturnthingsaroundintheend?
InarecentarticleinCurrentDirectionsinPsychologicalScience,SharonThompson-Schill,MichaelRamscarandEvangeliaChrysikoumakethecasethatthisveryhelplessnessiswhatallowshumanbabiestoadvancefarbeyondotheranimals.Theyproposethatourdelayedcorticaldevelopmentispreciselywhatenablesustoacquiretheculturalbuildingblocks,suchaslanguage,thatmakeupthefoundationsofhumanachievement.Indeed,thetriomakesclearthatourearlyvulnerabilityisanevolutionary“engineeringtrade-off”,muchlikethehumanlarynx—which,whileitfacilitatestheintricateproductionsofhumanspeech,isactuallyquiteaprecariousadaptationforanyonetryingtoswallowsafely.Inthesameway,theysuggest,ourabilitytolearnlanguagecomesatthepriceofanextendedperiodofcognitiveimmaturity.
Thisclaimhingesonapeculiaranduniquefeatureofourcognitivearchitecture:thestunninglyslowdevelopmentoftheprefrontalcortex(PFC).Whileotheranimals’brainregionsdevelopmentinsynchrony,inhumans,thedevelopmentofthePFClagsfarbehindthatofotherareas.ThePFCistheswathofgraymatterthatmakesuptheanteriorfrontallobes,andfunctionally,itappearstobeheavilyimplicatedinawide-rangeofsophisticatedplanningandattentiondrivenbehaviors.Indeed,itisoftenreferredtoasthe“control”centerofthebrain.Oneofitsmainfunctionsappearstobethatofselectivelyfilteringinformationfromthesenses,allowingustoattendtospecificactions,goals,ortasks.Forthisreason,“cognitivecontrol”tasksarethoughttobeoneofthebestassessorsofPFCfunctionandmaturity,andtheyareteststhatyoungchildrenreliably,andignominiously,fail.
TheStrooptaskservesasasimpleassessorofPFCfunctioninadults.Thetaskinvolvesnamingtheinkcolorofacontrastingcolorword:forexample,youmightseetheword“red”writteningreenink,inwhichcaseyouhavetosay“green”.Thetask(saying“red”inresponsetoseeingthewordred)withanewresponsespecifictothetask(namingtheconflictinginkcolor).Trickyornot,healthyadultscansuccessfullycompetethetaskwithonlyminorhesitation.
Children,withtheirimmaturePFC’s,areadifferentstory.Typically,theyoungerchildrenare,theworsetheyareatsolvingStroop—liketasks,andundertheageoffour,theyoutrightfailthem.Whileyoungchildrenaresensitive,aptlearners,andoftenappeartofullyunderstandwhatisbeingaskedofthem,theyareunabletomediatetheconflictingdemandspresentinthesesortsoftasks,andthusfailthem,timeandtimeagain.Three-yearoldssimplycannotdirecthowtheyattendtoorrespondtotheworld.
31.WhydoestheauthorcomparehumanbabiestothetortoiseinAesop’sfable?
32.Whyarehumanbabies“helpless”accordingtothetext?
33.WhatisthepurposeofmentioninghumanlarynxinParagraph3?
34.Whatisthefunctionoftheprefrontalcortex(PFC)?
35.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthe“Strooptask”?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Theyhaveamasteryoverthemselves.
B.Theylagbehindatbeginningandthenslowlycatchup.
C.Theyaresuperiortoinfantsfromotherspecies.
D.Theyarequiteslowincognitivedevelopment.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Theydon’thavethebasicskillsnecessaryforsurvival.
B.Theynapmoreoftenthaninfantsofotherspecies.
C.Theyarenotsopersistentasthetortoise.
D.Theyarenotquicklearnersasinfantsofotherspecies.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Toshowthepeculiarfunctionofhumanlarynx.
B.Toemphasizetheimportanceofhumanlanguage.
C.Toexplainthereasonsforourearlycognitiveimmaturity.
D.Toindicatehowhumandevelopspeeches.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Tocollectinformationfromthesenses.
B.Tohelpperformsophisticatedplanningandattention-drivenbehaviors.
C.Tocontrolthedevelopmentofotherareasofthebrain.
D.Toenablehumanbeingstocarryoutadvancetasks.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Childrenwouldfailsuchtaskduetotheirinabilitytounderstandthetaskrequirements.
B.ThetaskisoftenusedtoassessthematurityofPF
C.C.Thetaskrequiresthesubjectstomakeresponsescontradictorytothewell-learnedones.
D.Adultscouldcompletethetasksuccessfullywithonlylittlehesitation.
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:A
第3題:C
第4題:B
第5題:D
【解析】31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第三句Yet,inthecognitiverace,humanbabiesturnouttobemuchlikethetortoiseinAesop’sfable:emergingtriumphantafteraslowandsteadyclimbtothefinish.(然而,在認(rèn)知方面,人類嬰兒很像伊索寓言中的烏龜:緩慢而穩(wěn)定地爬到終點(diǎn)后,勝利出現(xiàn)。),可知人類嬰兒和烏龜?shù)南嗨圃谟诼?,最終卻能勝利,所以B選項(xiàng)“他們一開始落后,然后慢慢地趕上來了”正確,D選項(xiàng)“他們的認(rèn)知發(fā)展相當(dāng)緩慢”不是表達(dá)的重點(diǎn),故錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“他們能掌控自己”和C選項(xiàng)“他們優(yōu)于其他物種的嬰兒”:文章沒有提到,故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
32.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第四、五句Andunlikethenobletortoise,babiesarehelpless,andmoretothepoint,hopeless.Theycouldnotlearnthebasicskillsnecessarytotheirindependentsurvivaleveniftheytried.(和高貴的烏龜不同,嬰兒是無助的,更確切地說,是絕望的。即使他們嘗試,他們也學(xué)不到獨(dú)立生存所必需的基本技能。),可知人類嬰兒無助是因?yàn)锳選項(xiàng)“他們沒有生存所需的基本技能”。B選項(xiàng)“他們比其他物種的嬰兒更經(jīng)常打盹”:根據(jù)第二段第三句But,ifanything,humaninfantsnapevenmorethankittens!(但是,如果說有什么不同的話,那就是人類的嬰兒比小貓更喜歡打盹?。?,這
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