考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廈門理工學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廈門理工學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

電阻越大，其消耗（dissipate）的能量（energy）就越多。

【答案】Thegreatertheresistanceis,themoreenergyitdissipates.

2.單選題

Metalmustbehammeredandcooledrapidlyto______internalstresscausedbyheating.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.retain

B.release

C.relieve

D.replace

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)retain“保持”；B選項(xiàng)release“釋放”；C選項(xiàng)relieve“減輕”；D選項(xiàng)replace“取代”。句意：金屬必須迅速錘擊和冷卻，以減輕加熱引起的內(nèi)應(yīng)力。本句減輕內(nèi)應(yīng)力。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Herjewellery______underthespotlight.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.glanced

B.flattered

C.burned

D.glittered

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)glance“瞥閃，瞥見(jiàn)，掃視”，B項(xiàng)flatter“奉承，諂媚”，C項(xiàng)burn“燃燒，燒毀，灼傷”，D項(xiàng)glitter“閃光，閃爍”。根據(jù)句子關(guān)鍵詞jewellery“珠寶”可知，D項(xiàng)最符合語(yǔ)境。句意：她的首飾在聚光燈下閃閃發(fā)光。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

4.寫作題

Writeanessayonthegiventopic.OnUnrestrainedConsumption.Basedonthefollowingoutline,presentyourargumentwithsupportingdetailsofnolessthan250words.

1.人們?cè)诠?jié)假日無(wú)節(jié)制消費(fèi)

2.大量消費(fèi)對(duì)個(gè)人和社會(huì)的影響

3.我的看法……

【答案】OnUnrestrainedConsumption

Ourcountryisonthephaseoffastdevelopmentandpeople'sconsuminglevelmountsupalongwithit,too.Althoughpeoplearewealthierthanbefore,therecomesaproblemthatisworthyofourpayingattentionto,namely.theproblemofunrestrainedconsumption.Itiscommontoseethatwhatpeoplepurchasedoesnotsimplymeettheirnecessaryneeds,butsurpassthem.Especiallywhenitcomestovacations,thephenomenonofunrestrainedconsumptioncanbeseenanywhere.Forexample,intherestaurantstherearealotofuntastedremainsofmealswhenpeopleleave.Inevitablybothindividualandsocietywillbeinfluencedgreatlybytheproblemofunrestrainedconsumption.

PersonalUnrestrainedconsumptionwillnotonlyaffectthequalityofhisownlifebutaffecthisfamilyaswell.Manyladiesareaccustomedtocomparingtheirdresseswithotherssotheybuyallkindsoffashionableandexpensivedressesbeyondtheirneeds,whichdirectlyindoctrinatetheirchildrenwithwrongconsumptionconcept.Asaresult,theirchildrenarelikelytoputthefashioninthefirstplace,regardlessofwhethertheycanaffordthoseexpensivethings.Besides,wecan'timaginewhereoursocietyisgoingtoifeveryone'saimistocontenttheirendlesslust.Inordertocatchupwiththerichwhoisinpossessionofvillasacrossthecountryenjoyingluxuriouslife,somepeopletryallmeanstomakemoneyandevenmakeuseofillegalmeans,whichsurelybringsinsecurefactorstooursociety.

AsfarasI'mconcerned,peopleshouldcontroltheirpurchasingdesireandconsumewisely.Howmuchtobuyreliesonourrealneedsandourincome.Ifeverybodycanthinkaboutthisproblemlikethis,oursocietywilldeveloppeacefullyandsteadily.

5.填空題

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet.

Caringforelderlyparentscatchesmanyunprepared[A]LastJuly,JulieBaldocchi’smotherhadamassivestrokeandwasparalyzed.Baldocchisuddenlyhadtobecomeafamilycaregiver,somethingthatshewasn’tpreparedfor.“Iwasflyingbytheseatofmypants,”saysBaldocchi,anemploymentspecialistinSanFrancisco.Bothofherparentsare83,andsheknewherfathercouldn’thandlehermother’scare.Thehospitalrecommendedputtinghermotherinanursinghome.Baldocchiwasn’twillingtodothat.Butmovingherbackintoherparents’homecreatedotherproblems.Baldocchi,48,ismarriedandlivesaboutamileawayfromherparents.Shehasafull-timejobandhasbackproblemsthatmakeitdifficultforhertolifthermother.“Icouldn’tdoitall,”shesays.ButIdidn’tevenknowhowtofindhelp.”

[B]WithhelpfromthefamilyCaregiverAlliance,sheeventuallyhiredalive-incaregiver.“Butevenifyouplanintellectuallyandlegally,you’reneverreadyfortheemotionalimpact,”Baldocchisays.Inthefirsttwomonthsafterhermother’sstroke,shelostabout30poundsasstressmounted.Morethan42millionAmericansprovidefamilycaregivingforanadultwhoneedshelpwithdailyactivities,accordingtoa2009surveybytheAARP.Anadditional61.6millionprovidedatleastsomecareduringtheyear.Andmanyareunprepared.

[C]Whilemanyparentslackanadvancecaredirective,it’sthemostbasicandimportantsteptheycantake.Thedirectiveincludesseveralparts,including:adurablepowerofattorney,whichgivessomeonelegalauthoritytomakefinancialdecisionsonanother’sbehalf;ahealthcareproxy,whichissimilartothepowerofattorney,exceptitallowssomeonetomakedecisionsregardingmedicaltreatment;andalivingwillthatoutlinesinstructionsforend-of-lifecare.(Forexample,parentscansayiftheywanttobekeptalivebyartificialmeasures.)“It’sinvaluableforthekids,becauseit’shardtomakethosedecisionsforaparent,”saysJenniferCona,anelder-lawattorneyatGenserDubowGenser&ConainMelville,N.Y.Anadvancecaredirectiveisthefirstlineofdefenseifasituationarises,saysKathleenKelly,executivedirectoroftheFamilyCaregiverAlliance,whichsupportsandeducatescaregivers.Withoutanadvancedirective,thefamilywillhavetopetitionthecourttobeappointedtheparent’slegalguardian,saysAgingC.

[D]It’simportantforfamiliestotalkaboutlong-termcaresotheadultchildrenknowtheirparents’preferences,wishesangoals,saysLynnFeinberg,acaregivingexpertatAARP.Butit’snotaneasyconversation.Elderlyparentsaresometimessuspiciousoftheirchildren’sfinancialmotives,saysSusanJohn,afinancialplanneratFinancialFocusinWolfeboro,N.H.OneclientaskedJohntoholdafamilymeetingbecausetheyneededanintermediarytotalkaboutfinancialissues,shesays.Andwhentherearemanysiblings,thefamilydecisionscanbecomeathree-ringcircuswithmuchacrimony,saysAnn-MargaretCarrozza,anelder-lawattorneyinGlenCove,N.Y.Familieswhoneedinformationandhelpsortingoutdisagreementscancallonelder-lawattorneys,financialplanners,geriatriccaremanagersandcaregiversupportgroups.InFebruary,AARPsaiditwillofferitsmembersanewcaregivingsupportservicethroughfinancialservicesfirmGenworth.

[E]Manyfamiliesareunpreparedforquickdecisions,especiallywhentheyfindoutthatMedicaredoesn’tpayforlong-termcare,Feinbergsays.Themediancostofayearinaprivateroomatanursinghomein2011was$77,745,accordingtoGenworth.AndonlythosewhohavespentmostoftheirassetscanqualifyforMedicaidtopayforthenursinghome.

[F]Assistedlivingisanotheroption.Residentscanhavetheirownapartmenttomaintainsomeindependence.Butthefacilitiesgenerallyprovidepersonalcareservices,suchasmeals,housekeepingandassistancewithactivities.Still,it’snotcheap:Thenationalmediancostin2011was$39,135,accordingtoGenworth.Assistedlivingisn’tcoveredbyMedicaid.

[G]Iftheyhaveachoice,atleast90%ofelderlyparentsprefertostayathomeaslongastheycan,accordingtoAARPresearch.Butiftheparentscannolongersafelyliveathome,itcanbehardforchildrentomovethemintoanadultcarefacility.Theremaybeanotheroption.Sometimesthehomecanbemodifiedsoaparentcanstaythere.Forexample,Baldocchiputinachairliftforhermother.Shealsoarrangedforahomecaregiver.

[H]Familycaregiverstakeovermanyresponsibilities.Onemightmanageaparent’sfinances,whileanothersiblingwilltaketheparenttodoctors’appointmentsandshopping.Thosewhomoveinwithaparenttakeonasignificantandsustainedburdenofcare.JanWalkermovedintohermother’shomeinLeesburg,Fla.Afterhermother,whois83,hadfallen,shewasn’tabletogetaroundaswell.Walker,55,hasthreebrothers.Butsheistheonlydaughter,isdivorcedandhasnochildren.“IalwaysknewthatthiswastherolethatIwouldhave,andIguessmymindwaspreparedforit,”saysWalker,whonowisafull-timecaregiverandworksfromhomeasatutorialinstructorforadigitalscrapbookingwebsite.“Whenyougetintothetrenches,it’sliterallybaptismbyfire,”shesays.“Newthingscomeup.It’snotjustaboutadvanceplanningforfinancesormedicalcare.It’severything,”shesays.

[I]Caregiversneedtoalsowatchtheirownhealth.“Thereissuchathingascaregiverburnout,”Conasays.Amongfemalecaregivers50andolder,20%reportedsymptomsofdepression,accordingtoa2010studyonworkingcaregiversbyMetLife.“It’sahardjob.”Walkersays.“Butmostworthwhilethingsarehard.ShewasalwaysthereformewhenIneededahelpinghand.It’sonlynaturalthatIbehereforhernow.

11.Whenelderlyparentscannotliveathomesafely,theirchildrencanchangetheirhomeinsteadofsendingthemtoanadultcarefacility.

12.Totalkaboutlong-termcareisnoteasybecausesometimesagedparentsaresuspiciousoftheirchildren’sfinancialmotives.

13.Besidesadvanceplanningforfinancesormedicalcare,familycaregiverstakeovermanyotherresponsibilities.

14.Thedifferencebetweenadurablepowerofattorneyandahealthcareproxyisthatthelatterallowssomeonetomakedecisionsregardingmedicaltreatment.

15.Baldocchididnotwanttosendhermothertoanursinghome,butshehaddifficultytakingcareofher.

16.Over42millioncaregivershelpedanadultwitheverydayactivitiesintheUSAin2009.

17.Ifafamilyneedsinformationorhelptosortoutdisagreements,therearemanypeopletheycancallon.

18.Caregiversshouldpayattentiontotheirownhealth,ortheymaybumoutorbecomedepressed.

19.Onewillhavetopetitionthecourttobetheparent’slegalguardian,ifthereisnoadvancedirective.

20.Thenationalmediancostofassistedlivingin2011was$39,135anditisnotcoveredbyMedicaid.

【答案】11.G

12.D

13.H

14.C

15.A

16.B

17.D

18.I

19.C

20.F

【解析】11.題干：當(dāng)年邁的父母不能安全地生活在家里時(shí)，他們的孩子可以改變他們的家，而不是送他們到成人護(hù)理機(jī)構(gòu)。由題干的anadultcarefacility可以定位到G選項(xiàng)第二句Butiftheparentscannolongersafelyliveathome,itcanbehardforchildrentomovethemintoanadultcarefacility.“但如果父母不能再安全地住在家里，孩子們就很難把他們送到成人看護(hù)機(jī)構(gòu)”，這里是題干的同義替換，所以答案選G。

12.題干：談?wù)撻L(zhǎng)期護(hù)理并不容易，因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)年邁的父母會(huì)懷疑子女的經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)機(jī)。由題干定位到D選項(xiàng)第三句Elderlyparentsaresometimessuspiciousoftheirchildren’sfinancialmotives…“年邁的父母有時(shí)會(huì)懷疑孩子的經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)機(jī)……”從這里可知答案選D。

13.題干：除了提前計(jì)劃財(cái)務(wù)或醫(yī)療護(hù)理，家庭照顧者還承擔(dān)許多其他責(zé)任。由題干的financesormedicalcare“財(cái)務(wù)或醫(yī)療護(hù)理”定位到H選項(xiàng)倒數(shù)第一二句It’snotjustaboutadvanceplanningforfinancesormedicalcare.It’severything,”shesays.“這不僅僅是關(guān)于財(cái)政或醫(yī)療保健的預(yù)先計(jì)劃。這就是所有?！彼f(shuō)。這句符合題干題意，所以答案選H。

14.題干：持久委托書(shū)和醫(yī)療代理書(shū)的區(qū)別在于后者允許某人就醫(yī)療治療作出決定。通過(guò)題干的attorney和ahealthcareproxy（醫(yī)療代理）定位到C選項(xiàng)的第二句話Thedirectiveincludesseveralparts,including:adurablepowerofattorney,whichgivessomeonelegalauthoritytomakefinancialdecisionsonanother’sbehalf;ahealthcareproxy,whichissimilartothepowerofattorney,exceptitallowssomeonetomakedecisionsregardingmedicaltreatment;andalivingwillthatoutlinesinstructionsforend-of-lifecare.（Forexample,parentscansayiftheywanttobekeptalivebyartificialmeasures.）“該指令包括幾個(gè)部分，包括：持久委托書(shū)，賦予某人代表另一人做出財(cái)務(wù)決定的法律權(quán)力；醫(yī)療代理，類似于委托書(shū)，但允許某人就醫(yī)療作出決定；還有一份生前遺囑，列出了臨終護(hù)理的指導(dǎo)。（例如，父母可以說(shuō)他們是否想通過(guò)人工手段維持生命）”，這里說(shuō)出了委托書(shū)和醫(yī)療代理的不同，所以答案選C選項(xiàng)。

15.題干：巴爾多奇并不想把母親送到養(yǎng)老院，但她很難照顧她。文章定位到A選項(xiàng)倒數(shù)第二句話Shehasafull-timejobandhasbackproblemsthatmakeitdifficultforhertolifthermother.“她有一份全職工作，而且背部有問(wèn)題，這使得她很難抱起她的母親”從這里可以看出Baldocchi有自己的難處，工作，背傷都讓她心有余而力不足，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。

16.題干：2009年，美國(guó)有超過(guò)4200萬(wàn)護(hù)理人員幫助成年人進(jìn)行日?；顒?dòng)。根據(jù)文章的數(shù)據(jù)42million和2009可以定位到B選項(xiàng)倒數(shù)第二句話Morethan42millionAmericansprovidefamilycaregivingforanadultwhoneedshelpwithdailyactivities,accordingtoa2009surveybytheAARP.“美國(guó)退休人員協(xié)會(huì)（AARP）2009年的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，超過(guò)4200萬(wàn)美國(guó)人為日常活動(dòng)需要幫助的成年人提供家庭照顧”，這句符合題干，所以選B選項(xiàng)。

17.題干：如果一個(gè)家庭需要信息或幫助解決分歧，他們可以找很多人。根據(jù)文章中的sortoutdisagreement“解決分歧”定位到D選項(xiàng)倒數(shù)第二句話Andwhentherearemanysiblings,thefamilydecisionscanbecomeathree-ringcircuswithmuchacrimony,saysAnn-MargaretCarrozza,anelder-lawattorneyinGlenCove,N.Y.Familieswhoneedinformationandhelpsortingoutdisagreementscancallonelder-lawattorneys,financialplanners,geriatriccaremanagersandcaregiversupportgroups.“美國(guó)退休人員協(xié)會(huì)（AARP）2009年的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查顯示，超過(guò)4200萬(wàn)美國(guó)人為日?；顒?dòng)需要幫助的成年人提供家庭照顧”，從這里可以看出當(dāng)家庭成員有分歧時(shí)他們可以尋求律師，理財(cái)師等人的幫助，這個(gè)選項(xiàng)符合題意，所以答案選D。

18.題干：照顧者應(yīng)該注意自己的健康，否則他們可能會(huì)精疲力盡或變得抑郁。定位到I選項(xiàng)第一句話Caregiversneedtoalsowatchtheirownhealth.“護(hù)理人員也需要關(guān)注自己的健康”，這里跟題干屬于同義替換，所以答案選I。

19.題干：如果沒(méi)有事先指示，孩子必須向法院申請(qǐng)成為孩子父母的合法監(jiān)護(hù)人。根據(jù)文章關(guān)鍵詞petition“請(qǐng)?jiān)浮焙蚢dvancedirective“預(yù)先指示”，定位到C選項(xiàng)最后一句話Withoutanadvancedirective,thefamilywillhavetopetitionthecourttobeappointedtheparent’slegalguardian,saysAgingC.“AgingC網(wǎng)站表示，如果沒(méi)有事先的指示，這個(gè)家庭將不得不向法院申請(qǐng)指定父母的法定監(jiān)護(hù)人”，這里表達(dá)的意思和題干相同，所以答案選C。

20.題干：2011年，全國(guó)輔助生活費(fèi)用的中位數(shù)為39135美元，這不在醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)的覆蓋范圍內(nèi)。根據(jù)文章數(shù)據(jù)2011和$39,135可以定位到F選項(xiàng)倒數(shù)第一、二句Thenationalmediancostin2011was$39,135,accordingtoGenworth.Assistedlivingisn’tcoveredbyMedicaid.“根據(jù)Genworth的數(shù)據(jù)，2011年全國(guó)醫(yī)保成本中值為39135美元。醫(yī)療補(bǔ)助計(jì)劃不包括輔助生活”，這里和題干表達(dá)的意思相同，所以答案選F。

6.單選題

Realestatedevelopers,smallbusinessesandotherborrowershavecomplainedstrenuouslyinrecentweeksofweakeningsalesandscarcecredit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reluctantly

B.vigorously

C.continually

D.regularly

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.reluctantly不情愿地B.vigorously有力地

C.continually不斷地D.regularly有規(guī)律地，間隙均勻地

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】副詞辨析。

【解題思路】strenuously的意思為“極力地，使勁地”，指的是房地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)商、小企業(yè)和其他借款人卯著勁地抱怨，vigorously，與之詞義相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】房地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)商、小企業(yè)和其他借款人最近幾周一直在強(qiáng)烈抱怨銷售疲軟和信貸稀缺。

7.單選題

Thejudgecriticizedthelawyerbecausehedidn’tkeephisremarkstothetopic（

）discussion.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.under

C.with

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。underdiscussion“在討論中”。句意：法官批評(píng)了律師，因?yàn)樗麤](méi)有在討論中就這個(gè)話題發(fā)表言論。B項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Toabsorbayoungerworkforce,manycompaniesofferedretirementplansasincentivesforolderworkerstoretireandmakewayfortheyoungeroneswhoearnedlowersalaries.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rewards

B.opportunities

C.motives

D.stimuli

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。incentive“激勵(lì)；獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；誘因”；A選項(xiàng)reward“獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；獎(jiǎng)賞”；B選項(xiàng)opportunity（其復(fù)數(shù)形式為opportunities）“時(shí)機(jī)，機(jī)會(huì)”；C選項(xiàng)motive“動(dòng)機(jī)，目的”；D選項(xiàng)stimuli（其為stimulus的復(fù)數(shù)形式）“激勵(lì)；刺激；促進(jìn)因素”。句意：為了吸收更年輕的勞動(dòng)力，許多公司推出了退休計(jì)劃，以激勵(lì)年齡較大的員工退休，為工資較低的年輕員工讓路。根據(jù)句中“retirementplans退休計(jì)劃”可知incentive在這里的意思應(yīng)為“激勵(lì)”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Withtheirmodern,lightweightboat,theysoon（）theoldervesselsintherace.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.overran

B.exceeded

C.outstripped

D.caughtup

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查了同義詞辨析。overran“超過(guò)（范圍）”；exceeded“超過(guò)，超越（數(shù)量，限制）”；outstripped“超過(guò)，趕上”；caughtup“追上，趕上（接名詞時(shí)跟with連用）”，此處指的是在比賽中超過(guò)，趕上別人，所以可以排除選項(xiàng)A、B，此處如果使用catchup的話后面應(yīng)該加with，用catchupwith的形式，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)C。

10.單選題

Hispositionwascontrarytothatoftheteacher's.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.similar

B.opposite

C.foreseeable

D.contentious

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。題目中becontraryto表示“與……相反”；A選項(xiàng)besimilarto表示“與……類似的，相似的”；B選項(xiàng)beoppositeto表示“與……相反的，對(duì)立的”；C選項(xiàng)為“可預(yù)見(jiàn)的，可預(yù)知的”；D選項(xiàng)為“有異議的，有爭(zhēng)論的”。由句意可知，他的位置與老師相反。因此，正確答案是B項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

Herhonestyis（

）,nobodycandoubtit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.outofthequestion

B.withoutquestion

C.inquestion

D.besidethequestion

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。outofthequestion意為“不可能的，不必談的”；withoutquestion意為“毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)”；inquestion意為“考慮之中的，被談?wù)撝摹保籦esidethequestion意為“不相關(guān)，不切題”。

句意：她的誠(chéng)實(shí)是毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的，沒(méi)有人能懷疑它。

12.單選題

Televisionisoneofthemeans[A]bywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed—andperhapsneverbefore[B]it’sservedsomuchtoconnectdifferent[C]peoplesandnations[D]asintherecenteventsinEurope.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.bywhich

B.it’sserved

C.peoplesandnations

D.as

【答案】B

【解析】考查倒裝句。當(dāng)否定詞位于句首時(shí)，句子中助動(dòng)詞提前，構(gòu)成部分倒裝。B選項(xiàng)處never提前，因此it’sserved應(yīng)改為hasitserved。

13.單選題

TheMartTwainBoyhoodHomeandMuseuminHannibal,Missouri,isthe（

）ofthegreatwriter.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.restoredchildhoodhome

B.homerestoredofchildhood

C.homewherechildhoodrestored

D.restoredhomeofhischildhood

【答案】A

【解析】句意:馬克吐溫童年故居博物館在密蘇里州的漢尼拔，它也是這位偉大作家整修后的童年故居。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾槎ㄕZ(yǔ)排列順序。restored“修葺一新的”和childhood“童年時(shí)期”分別做前置定語(yǔ)修飾home。故選A

14.單選題

Duringthefamineof1943,millionsofChinesepeasants（）tothecitiesbecausetheycouldnotsurviveintheruralareas.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.emigrated

B.estimated

C.migrated

D.immigrated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。emigrate“移民，移居”；estimate“估計(jì)，估價(jià)”；migrate“移動(dòng)；移居；隨季節(jié)而移居”；immigrate“移入”。根據(jù)原因狀語(yǔ)“因?yàn)樗麄儫o(wú)法在農(nóng)村存活”可知他們選擇移居城市。emigrate一般指移民出境；immigrate一般指移民入境。而從農(nóng)村到城市不屬于這二者，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

15.單選題

Noonecanbeagreatthinkerwhodoesnotrealizethatasathinkeritisherfirstdutytofollowherintellecttowhateverconclusionsitmaylead.

Therehavebeenandmayagainbegreatindividualthinkersinageneralatmosphereofmentalslavery.Butthereneverhasbeen,noreverwillbe,inthatatmosphereanintellectuallyactivepeople.Wherethereisatacitconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.Neverwhencontroversyavoidedthesubjectswhicharelargeandimportantenoughtokindleenthusiasmwasthemindofapeoplestirredupfromitsfoundationsandtheimpulsegivenwhichraisedevenpersonsofthemostordinaryintellecttosomethingofthedignityofthinkingbeings.

Shewhoknowsonlyherownsideofthecaseknowslittleofthat.Herreasonsmaybegood,andnoonemayhavebeenabletorefutethem.Butifsheisequallyunabletorefutethereasonsoftheoppositeside,ifshedoesnotsomuchasknowwhattheyare,shehasnogroundforpreferringeitheropinion.Therationalpositionforherwouldbesuspensionofjudgment,andunlessshecontentsherselfwiththat,sheiseitherledbyauthority,oradopts,likethegeneralityoftheworld,thesidetowhichshefeelsthemostinclination.Norisitenoughthatsheshouldheartheargumentsofadversariesfromherownteachers,presentedastheystatethem,andaccompaniedbywhattheyofferasrefutations.Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithherownmind.Shemustbeabletohearthemfrompersonswhoactuallybelievethem,whodefendtheminearnest,anddotheirveryutmostforthem.Shemustknowthemintheirmostplausibleandpersuasiveform:shemustfeelthewholeforceofthedifficultywhichthetrueviewofthesubjecthastoencounteranddisposeof;elseshewillneverreallypossessherselfoftheportionoftruthwhichmeetsandremovesthatdifficulty.Ninety-nineinahundredofwhatarecallededucatedpersonsareinthiscondition;evenofthosewhocanarguefluentlyfortheiropinions.Theirconclusionmaybetrue,butitmightbefalseforanythingtheyknow:theyhaveneverthrownthemselvesintothementalpositionofthosewhothinkdifferentlyfromthemandconsideredwhatsuchpersonsmayhavetosay;andconsequentlytheydonot,inanypropersenseoftheword,knowthedoctrineswhichtheythemselvesprofess.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,itisalwaysadvisableto（）.

32.Accordingtotheauthor,inagreatperiodsuchastheRenaissancewemayexpecttofind（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,thepersonwho-holdsorthodoxbeliefswithoutexaminationmaybedescribedinallofthefollowingwaysEXCEPTas（）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beacquaintedwiththeargumentsfavoringthepointofviewwithwhichonedisagrees

B.adoptthepointofviewtowhichonefeelsthemostinclination

C.haveopinionswhichcannotberefuted

D.suspendheterodoxspeculationinfavorofdoctrinaireapproaches

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.acceptanceoftruth

B.controversyoverprinciples

C.inordinateenthusiasm

D.adreadofheterodoxspeculation

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Mosteducatedpeoplestudybothsidesofaquestion.

B.Themajorityofthosewhoargueeloquentlytrulyknowonlyonesideofanissue.

C.Indebatableissues,weshouldrelyontheopinionsoftheexpertsforguidance.

D.Heterodoxspeculationwillleadtomanyunnecessaryerrorsofthinking.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.enslavedbytradition

B.lessthanfollyrational

C.havingaclosedmind

D.determinedoncontroversy

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Atrulygreatthinkermakesnomistakes.

B.Therefutationofacceptedideascanbestbeprovidedbyone’sownteachers.

C.Periodsofintellectualachievementareperiodsofunorthodoxreflection

D.excessivecontroversypreventsclearthinking.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由第三段“Thatisnotthewaytodojusticetothearguments,orbringthemintorealcontactwithherownmind.Shemustbeabletohearthemfrompersonswhoactuallybelievethem,whodefendtheminearnest,anddotheirveryutmostforthem.Shemustknowthemintheirmostplausibleandpersuasiveform:shemustfeelthewholeforceofthedifficultywhichthetrueviewofthesubjecthastoencounteranddisposeof;elseshewillneverreallypossessherselfoftheportionoftruthwhichmeetsandremovesthatdifficulty.這不是公正對(duì)待這些論點(diǎn)的方法，也不是讓它們與她自己的思想真正接觸的方法。她必須能夠聽(tīng)到那些真正相信這些論點(diǎn)的人的聲音，那些真誠(chéng)地為這些論點(diǎn)辯護(hù)的人的聲音，那些竭盡全力為這些論點(diǎn)辯護(hù)的人的聲音。她必須以最似是而非、最具說(shuō)服力的形式來(lái)認(rèn)識(shí)這些問(wèn)題:她必須感受到對(duì)問(wèn)題的真實(shí)看法所必須面對(duì)和處理的困難的全部力量;否則，她將永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法真正掌握真理的那一部分，從而克服并消除那個(gè)困難。據(jù)此可知作者認(rèn)為如果一個(gè)人只知道自己的觀點(diǎn)而不關(guān)心對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)，不傾聽(tīng)對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)的聲音，那么就很難獲得真理。”作者用了三個(gè)must表明正確的做法是什么，從中我們了解到正確做法就是要熟悉那些你不贊成的觀點(diǎn)。故A項(xiàng)正確。

2.判斷推理題。由第二段“Therehavebeenandmayagainbegreatindividualthinkersinageneralatmosphereofmentalslavery…Wherethereisatacitconventionthatprinciplesarenottobedisputed,wherethediscussionofthegreatestquestionswhichcanoccupyhumanityisconsideredtobeclosed,wecannothopetofindthatgenerallyhighscaleofmentalactivitywhichhasmadesomeperiodsofhistorysoremarkable.在精神奴役的普遍氛圍中，曾經(jīng)有，而且可能會(huì)再次出現(xiàn)偉大的個(gè)人思想家。但是，在那種氣氛中，從來(lái)沒(méi)有，也永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)有一個(gè)思想活躍的民族。在那里有一種不成文的慣例，即原則是不容置疑的，對(duì)那些可以占據(jù)人類的最偉大的問(wèn)題的討論被認(rèn)為是封閉的，我們就不能指望發(fā)現(xiàn)使某些歷史時(shí)期如此非凡的普遍的大規(guī)模精神活動(dòng)。”文藝復(fù)興是屬于思想活動(dòng)的頂峰，必然會(huì)討論原則問(wèn)題。所以B項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段最后部分“Ninety-nineinahundredofwhatarecallededucatedpersonsareinthiscondition;evenofthosewhocanarguefluentlyfortheiropinions.Theirconclusionmaybetrue,butitmightbefalseforanythingtheyknow:theyhaveneverthrownthemselvesintothementalpositionofthosewhothinkdifferentlyfromthemandconsideredwhatsuchpersonsmayhavetosay;andconsequentlytheydonot,inanypropersenseoftheword,knowthedoctrineswhichtheythemselvesprofess.百分之九十九的所謂受過(guò)教育的人處于這種狀態(tài);甚至那些能夠流利地為自己的觀點(diǎn)辯護(hù)的人。他們的結(jié)論可能是正確的，但也可能他們所知道的一切都是錯(cuò)誤的。他們從未把自己置于與他們想法不同的人的心理位置上，也從未考慮過(guò)這些人可能會(huì)說(shuō)些什么;所以結(jié)果是他們不知道他們自己所信奉的教條的真正的意義?！庇纱丝芍狝項(xiàng)與之相反，B項(xiàng)與之相符，故B項(xiàng)正確。CD兩項(xiàng)文中沒(méi)有提及。

4.判斷推理題。題干問(wèn)那些持有未經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)的正統(tǒng)信仰的人沒(méi)有以下哪項(xiàng)特征。A項(xiàng)：為傳統(tǒng)所奴役；B項(xiàng)：不怎么理智；C項(xiàng)：頭腦閉塞；D項(xiàng)：對(duì)辯論是堅(jiān)決的。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，持有未經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)的正統(tǒng)信仰的人不會(huì)獨(dú)立思考，更不會(huì)懷疑他所信仰的東西。故ABC三項(xiàng)都是這種人的特點(diǎn)。

5.判斷推理題。A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)真正的思想家不犯錯(cuò)誤”；B項(xiàng)“對(duì)公認(rèn)觀點(diǎn)的駁斥最好由自己的老師來(lái)提供?！盋項(xiàng)“智力成就的時(shí)期是非正統(tǒng)思考的時(shí)期”；D項(xiàng)“過(guò)度的辯論會(huì)制止清晰的思考?！庇傻诙慰芍?dú)v史上思想活動(dòng)的頂峰時(shí)期如文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，各大學(xué)派互相辯論，使思想摩擦出火花，使文藝復(fù)興成為文化運(yùn)動(dòng)的頂峰。故C項(xiàng)“智力成就的時(shí)期是非正統(tǒng)思考的時(shí)期”正確。

16.單選題

Thelifespanofasunfishisshort,______tenyears.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.moreseldomthan

B.morethanseldom

C.seldommorethan

D.seldomthanmore

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。考查的是“不超過(guò)，不多于”的表達(dá)，一般我們用more/lessthan表示多于/少于，要表示不超過(guò)，不少于的時(shí)候，就在前面直接加seldom表示否定，不能夠改變這個(gè)順序，故只能選擇C項(xiàng)。句意：翻車魚(yú)的壽命很短，很少超過(guò)十年。因此，該題正確答案為C。

17.單選題

Theproblemisinherentand（）inanydemocracy,butithasbeenmoresevereinoursduringthepastquarter-centurybecauseofthenearuniversaldenigrationofgovernment,politicsandpoliticians.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.perishable

B.periodical

C.perverse

D.perennial

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。perishable“易腐壞的；易毀滅的”；periodical“周期的；定期的”；perverse“墮落的，不正當(dāng)?shù)摹?；perennial“多年生的；常年的；長(zhǎng)期存在的”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，填空處所填詞應(yīng)和前面的inherent“固有的”意思相近，所以選項(xiàng)D最為恰當(dāng)。句意：任何民主的問(wèn)題都是固有的，長(zhǎng)期存在的，但是在過(guò)去二十五年中，由于近年來(lái)普遍對(duì)政府、政治，還有政治家的詆毀使得這個(gè)問(wèn)題更為嚴(yán)峻。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

18.單選題

Successfulscientistsalwayscheckstatementsandmakenewexperimentscarefullyandobjectivelyto______them.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.infuse

B.verify

C.restore

D.refute

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.infuse灌輸；充滿B.verify核實(shí)，查證

C.restore恢復(fù)，還原；歸還D.refute反駁，駁斥

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子意思“成功的科學(xué)家總是仔細(xì)地、客觀地檢查陳述，并進(jìn)行新的實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)______它們”可知，新的實(shí)驗(yàn)一般都是用來(lái)證實(shí)一些結(jié)果或者發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以B項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】成功的科學(xué)家總是仔細(xì)地、客觀地檢查陳述，并進(jìn)行新的實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)驗(yàn)證它們。

19.單選題

AldousHuxleywasamostunfortunateman.Whenhediedin1963hemusthaveexpiredintheconfidentbeliefthattheeventwouldbegivenwidecoverageinthepressthenextday.Afterall,hiscareerhadnotbeenwithoutdistinction.WherehemadehisbigmistakewasindyingonthesamedaythatJohnF.Kennedywasassassinated.AsaresultHuxleygotaboutthreecolumninchesatthebottomofpage27.

InthesamewaythedeathofVictorFarrishasgonewidelyunnoticedbecausehefoolishlyshuffledoffthismortalcoilatthesametimeasMr.KonstantinCherenkov.Now,asyouallknow,VictorFarriswasthechapwhoinventedthepaperclip,thepapermilkcartontoo.AndpaperclipsandmilkcartonswillbeinuselongaftereveryonehasforgottenthenameofthecomradewhocamebetweenAndropovandwhateverthisnewblokeiscalled.

ThesamegoesfortheinventorofthesupermarkettrolleywhodiedinSwitzerlandafewmonthsago.Felloffhistrolley,sotospeak.Foralliknow,hemaybeahouseholdnameinhisowncantonandtheyareputtingupastatueofhomewheelinghistrolley,andaregoingtocommemoratehimononeofthoseever-so-tastefulSwisspostagestampsweusedtocollectwhenwewereyoungerandwiser,butIdoubtifhisnamewillberememberedoutsidethebordersofhissmallcountry.Personallyiforgotitwithinminutesofreadingofhisdecease.

Notthatitmatters.Somehowitishardtoimaginethingslikepaperclipsandsupermarkettrolleyshavinghadanamedinventor.It’slikediscoveringthatataparticularmomentofhistoryaparticularpersoninventedthespoon,orthechair,orsocks.Oneassumesthattheseeverydayobjectsjusthappened,orevolvedthroughnaturalselection.

Itisn’tnecessarilyso.IreadonlytheotherdaythatRichardLiinventedthehandkerchief.AlmosteverythingelsewasinventedeitherbyLeonardodaVinci(scissors,bicycles,helicopters,andprobablyspoons,socksandtheRubikcubeaswell)orbyBenjaminFranklin(lightning-conductor,rocking-chair,bifocals)orelsebyJosephStalin(television).

It’squitepossiblethatLeonardoorBenjaminFranklinorStalinalsoinventedthesupermarkettrolley.Certainlyithasbeeninventedmorethanonce.HardlywasHerrEdelweiss(orwhatevertheSwisschapwascalled)inhisgravethannewscameofthedeathofSylvanN.Goodmanattheageof86.Sylvanalsoinventedthesupermarkettrolleyor,astheLosAngelesTimesreportcallsit,theshoppingcart.

Bethatasitmay,HerrEdelweissorSylva