考研考博-英語-山西藥科職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山西藥科職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Allsocietieshavedistinctroleexpectationsformenandforwomen.IntheUnitedStates,theseexpectationshavebeenundergoingchangeformanydecades.TodayAmericansliveinaworldofdiversefamilypatternsandconflictingimagesofideallifestylesformenandwomen.Theconventionalnormsofthefirsthalfcenturydefinedasuccessfulwomanasawifeandmotherwhostayedhometocarryoutafullarrayofhouseholdduties.Thehusbandandfatherwasexpectedtostayawayfromthehomemostoftheday,earningenoughmoneytopaythebills.Manyadultsstilllivebytheseexpectations,butthetraditionalpatternisnolongerheldupasanidealtobefollowedbyeveryone.Timeshavechanged;thereisnoreturntoyesterday.

Althoughthewomen’smovementandpoliticalcontroversiesaboutsuchissuesandtheEqualRightsAmendmentandsexualharassmentsuggestthatchangingsexrolesisarecentissue,thisisfarfromthecase.Broadtrendscanbeidentifiedoverthepasthundredyears.Womenhaveincreasedtheirparticipationinthelaborforcefrom18%in1900toover50%today,andtheygivebirthtofewerchildrenthanwomendidinthepast.In1910thebirthratewas30per1,000population;bythe1900sithaddeclinedto16per1,000.Thesetwotrends—increasingparticipationinthelaborforceanddecreasingfamilysize—suggestthatmajorlong-termchangeshaverestructuredtheroleexpectationsofmenandwomen.Thesechangesarecomplex.Thefactthatmorewomenarejoiningthelaborforceasfull-timeworkersdoesnotmeanthatasinglesexrolepatternisemerging.

Onthecontrary,wearelivinginaperiodofdiversefamilypatterns.AccordingtoKathleenGerson,“thedomesticwomanwhobuildsherlifearoundchildrenandhomemakingpersists,butshenowcoexistswithagrowingnumberofworkingmothersandpermanentlychildlesswomen.”

Womentodayfacehardchoicesastheymakedecisionsaboutwork,career,andmotherhood.Despitewomen’sliberation,womenstillearnlessthanmenintheworkplaceandarestillexpectedtodomostoftheworkinthehome.Womenworksubstantiallymorehourseachweekinthehomeandattheworkplacethanmendo.Womenareworkingharderthanever,yetmanydonotenjoythebenefitsoffullequality.

11.Thetraditionrolesformenandwomen______.

12.Changingsexrolesisnotarecentissuebecause______.

13.Thefactthatmorewomenarejoiningthelaborforceasfulltimeworkersmeansthat______.

14.It’sstatedinthelastparagraphthat______.

15.Accordingtothispassage,thestatementwhichisNOTtrueis______.

問題1選項

A.arediverse

B.areconflicting

C.havebeenchanging

D.arenolongerfollowed

問題2選項

A.womenhaveincreasedtheirparticipationinthelaborforceoverthepasthundredyear

B.moreandmorewomenarebecomingworkingmothersorchildlesswomen

C.theconventionalimageofwomenhaschangedbeyondrecognition

D.peoplehavechangedtheirexpectationsofwomeninmodernsociety

問題3選項

A.womenarebecomingmoreindependent

B.thefamilypatternsarebecomingdiverse

C.asingle-rolepatternisemerging

D.womenareeagertowork

問題4選項

A.womentodaystillsufferfrominequalityinworkandlife

B.women’sliberationhaspromotedtheirsocialstatus

C.thesocietyexpectsmorefromwomenthanfrommen

D.womenaremorecapableanddiligentthanmen

問題5選項

A.manypeoplestillfollowtheconventionalnormsoflifestyle

B.womentodaygivebirthtofewerchildrenthanwomeninthepast

C.moreandmorewomenchoosetoworkratherthantobehousewives

D.mendoasmuchdomesticworkaswomendoathome

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】11.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第一、二句Allsocietieshavedistinctroleexpectationsformenandforwomen.IntheUnitedStates,theseexpectationshavebeenundergoingchangeformanydecades.（所有社會對男人和女人都有不同的角色期望。在美國，這些期望幾十年來一直在發(fā)生變化。），說明男女的傳統(tǒng)角色一直在改變。因此C選項“一直在改變”正確。A選項“多種多樣”，原文說的是家庭模式多樣，所以A錯誤。B選項“是矛盾的”，原文說的是男女理想生活方式相互矛盾，所以B錯誤。D選項“不再遵循傳統(tǒng)”，原文說的是很多成年人依然遵循傳統(tǒng)，但這些傳統(tǒng)不再被視為必須遵循的，所以D錯誤。

12.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第二、三句Broadtrendscanbeidentifiedoverthepasthundredyears.Womenhaveincreasedtheirparticipationinthelaborforcefrom18%in1900toover50%today,andtheygivebirthtofewerchildrenthanwomendidinthepast.（在過去的一百年里，我們可以看到大致的趨勢。女性的勞動參與率從1900年的18%提高到今天的50%以上，而且她們比過去的女性少生孩子。），說明性別角色的改變不是最近才出現(xiàn)的問題，因為女性的勞動參與率提高了。因此A選項“在過去的一百年里，婦女的勞動參與度有所提高”正確。B選項“越來越多的女性成為工作母親或不生育的女性”只說明了女性的現(xiàn)狀，所以B錯誤。C選項“女性的傳統(tǒng)形象已經(jīng)發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化”，由原文可知，以孩子和家庭為中心的女性仍然大量存在，所以C錯誤。D選項“現(xiàn)代社會中，人們對女性的期望發(fā)生了變化”不能說明這是過去一百年來的趨勢，所以D錯誤。

13.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第一句wearelivinginaperiodofdiversefamilypatterns.（我們生活在一個家庭模式多樣化的時期。），說明越來越多的女性參與勞動成為全職工作者意味著家庭模式多種多樣，既有以孩子和家庭為中心的女性，也有工作母親或不生育的女性。因此B選項“家庭模式日趨多樣化”正確。A選項“女性變得更加獨立”，D選項“女性渴望工作”在文中沒有提及，所以A，D錯誤。C選項“單一角色的格局正在形成”，由原文可知，這一事實并不意味著出現(xiàn)了單一的性別角色模式，所以C錯誤。

14.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段Womentodayfacehardchoicesastheymakedecisionsaboutwork,career,andmotherhood…manydonotenjoythebenefitsoffullequality.（今天的女性在工作、事業(yè)和母親身份方面面臨著艱難的選擇……許多人并沒有享受到完全平等的好處。），說明現(xiàn)在的女性依然受到了不平等的待遇，比如收入仍然低于男性，仍然被期望做大部分的家務(wù)等。因此A選項“今天的女性在工作和生活中仍然遭受不平等待遇”正確。B選項“女性解放提高了她們的社會地位”，C選項“社會對女性的期望高于男性”，D選項“女性比男性更能干、更勤奮”在文中均沒有提及，所以B，C，D錯誤。

15.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項“許多人仍然遵循傳統(tǒng)的生活方式規(guī)范”，由原文可知，以孩子和家庭為中心的女性仍然存在，所以A選項表述正確，排除A。B選項“當(dāng)今女性生育孩子比過去的女性少”，由原文可知，現(xiàn)在的女性比過去的女性少生孩子，所以B選項表述正確，排除B。C選項“越來越多的女性選擇工作而不是做家庭主婦”，由原文可知，越來越多的女性作為全職工作者加入勞動力大軍，所以C選項表述正確，排除C。由D選項關(guān)鍵詞“domesticwork”可以定位到文章最后一段第二句Despitewomen’sliberation,womenstillearnlessthanmenintheworkplaceandarestillexpectedtodomostoftheworkinthehome.（盡管女性得到了解放，但女性在工作場所的收入仍然低于男性，她們?nèi)匀槐黄谕龃蟛糠值募覄?wù)。），說明女性做的家務(wù)比男性多。因此D選項“男性在家做的家務(wù)和女性做的家務(wù)一樣多”表述錯誤，本題選D。

2.單選題

Theswimmingpoolisthechildren’sfavorite（

）inthesummer.

問題1選項

A.cradle

B.haunt

C.heading

D.hedge

【答案】B

【解析】cradle搖籃,發(fā)源地；haunt常去的地方；heading標(biāo)題；hedge樹籬,障礙。句意:游泳池是孩子們夏天最愛去的地方。選項B符合句意。

3.單選題

Immigrationofficialshavetobeverycarefulindecidingwhetherto（）alloronlysomeofthoseillegalimmigrants.

問題1選項

A.dissolve

B.deport

C.distract

D.detect

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項dissolve“解散，使溶解”，B選項deport，“驅(qū)逐出境，放逐”，C選項“轉(zhuǎn)移，分散”，D選項detect“察覺，發(fā)現(xiàn)”。句意：移民官員在決定是將全部非法移民驅(qū)逐出境還是僅將部分非法移民驅(qū)逐出境時必須非常謹(jǐn)慎。因此,B選項符合句意。

4.單選題

“Letmesendyouourbrochure”isprobablythemostcommonlyusedphraseinbusiness.Butalltoooften,itcanspelltheendofacustomerenquirybecausemanybrochuresappeartobeproducednottoclarifyandtoexcitebuttoconfuse.Sowhatgoeswrongandhowcanitbeputright?Toooften,businessesfailtoaskthemselvescriticalquestionslike,“Whowillthebrochurebesentto?”“Whatdowewanttoachievewithit?”Thetruthisthatabrochurehasusuallybeenproducedfornootherreasonthanthatthecompetitionhasone.

However,withalittleresearch,itoftentranspiresthatwhattheclientwantsisamixture:partmailshot,partglossycorporatebrochureandpartproductcatalogue—acombinationrarelyfound.Havingsaidthat,thebudgetislikelytobefinite.Theremaynotbeenoughmoneytomeetallthreemarketingneeds,sothefirsttaskistoplanthebrochure,takingintoaccountthemostsignificantofthese.Theotherrequirementswillhavetobemetinadifferentway.Afterall,introducingthecompany’sproductrangetonewcustomersbymailisadifferenttaskfromsellinganewseason’scollectiontoexistingcustomers.

Thesecondtaskistogetthecontentright.In95percentofcases,acompanywillhireadesignertooverseethelayout,sothefinalproductlooksstylish,interestingandprofessional;buttheydon’tgetacopywriterorsomeonewiththerightexpertisetoproducethetext,oratleasttidyitup—andthisshows.Abiggerfailingistoproduceabrochurethatisnotcustomerfocused.Yourbrochureshouldcoverareasofinteresttothecustomer,concentratingonthebenefitsofbuyingfromyou.

Instead,thousandsofbrochuresstartwithahistorylesson,“Foundedin1987,wehavebeensellingourproducts...”Icanassureyouthatcustomersarenevergoingtosaytothemselves,“They’vebeenaroundfor20years—I’llbuyfromthem.”It’snothowlongyou’vebeeninbusinessthatcounts,it’swhatyou’vedoneinthattime.Theimportantpointtogetacrossatthebeginningisthatyouhaveagoodtrackrecord.Oncethishasbeenestablished,therestofthebrochureshouldaimtoconvincecustomersthatyourproductsarethebestonthemarket.

Itishelpfulwithcontenttogetinsidethecustomer’shead.Ifyouraudienceisyoungandtrendy,becreativeandcolourful.Asalways,createalistofthebenefitsthatpotentialcustomerswouldgainfromdoingbusinesswithyou,forexample,productquality,breadthofrange,expertiseofstaffandsoon.Butrememberthatitisnotenoughjusttostatethese:inordertopersuade,theyneedtobespeltout.Onepossibilityistoquoterecommendationsfromexistingcustomers.Thisalsomakesthebrochurepersonaltoyou,ratherthanitsimplybeingasetofsuppliers’photographswithyournameonthefront.Atthedesignstage,therearemanyproductionfeaturesthatcandistinguishyourbrochurefromtherunofthemill.Youmaythinkthatthingslikecutoutsorpop-upswilldothisforyouandthusmakeyoustandout,oryoumaythinktheyjustlooklikedesignerwhimsthataddcost.Gothroughalltheoptionsindetail.Oneofthemmightbethatall-importantmagicalingredient.

11.Whatpointdoesthewritermakeaboutbrochuresinthefirstparagraph?

12.Thewriter’sadvicetocompaniesinthesecondparagraphisto（）.

13.Inthethirdparagraph,whichofthefollowingdoesthewritersaywouldimprovethemajorityofbrochures?

14.Intheintroductiontoabrochure,thewriteradvisescompaniestofocuson（）.

15.Whendiscussingbrochurecontentinthefifthparagraph,thewriterremindscompaniesto（）.

問題1選項

A.Customerexpectationsofthemaretoohigh.

B.Theyoughttobemorestraightforwardindesign

C.Insufficientthoughttendstogointoproducingthem.

D.Companiesshouldensuretheyusethemmorewidely.

問題2選項

A.produceabrochuretoadvertisenewproductlines

B.useabrochuretoextendthecustomerbase

C.acceptthatabrochurecannotfulfileveryobjective

D.aimtogetabiggerbudgetallocationforproducingbrochures

問題3選項

A.betterlanguageandexpression.

B.betteroverallappearance.

C.moreup-to-datecontent.

D.moreproductinformation.

問題4選項

A.theirunderstandingofthebusinessenvironment

B.therangeofproductstheyoffer

C.theiruniquemarketposition

D.thereputationtheyhavebuiltup

問題5選項

A.consideroldcustomersaswellasnewones

B.providesupportfortheclaimstheymake

C.avoidusingtheirownphotographs

D.includedetailsofqualitycertification

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】11.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第一段后半部分Toooften,businessesfailtoaskthemselvescriticalquestions...（企業(yè)往往沒有問自己一些關(guān)鍵性的問題……）從這段話可以看出，作者認(rèn)為企業(yè)在設(shè)計廣告手冊時的考慮是不周全的，沒有進(jìn)行深入思考。因此C選項“設(shè)計他們時考慮得并不充分”正確。A選項“顧客對他們的期望太高了”不對，沒有提到客戶的期望，只是說廣告手冊可能會把客戶弄糊涂。B選項“它們在設(shè)計上應(yīng)該更加直接”也不對，第一段并沒有提到設(shè)計的問題。D選項“公司應(yīng)該確保他們更廣泛地使用它們”在原文中也沒有提到。

12.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第二段Theremaynotbeenoughmoneytomeetallthreemarketingneeds,sothefirsttaskistoplanthebrochure,takingintoaccountthemostsignificantofthese.（可能沒有足夠的資金來滿足所有這三個營銷需求，所以第一項任務(wù)是規(guī)劃宣傳冊，考慮到最重要的這些。）也就是說他們不可能滿足所有的市場需要，所以優(yōu)先考慮最關(guān)鍵的部分，其他的需要用另外的方式來滿足。因此C選項“接受一個廣告手冊不可能滿足所有目標(biāo)的事實”正確。A選項“制作宣傳冊宣傳新產(chǎn)品系列”；B選項“使用宣傳冊來擴(kuò)大客戶基礎(chǔ)”以及D選項“爭取獲得更大的預(yù)算撥款用于制作小冊子”都不是原文的觀點。

13.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第三段In95percentofcases,acompanywillhireadesignertooverseethelayout,sothefinalproductlooksstylish,interestingandprofessional;buttheydon’tgetacopywriterorsomeonewiththerightexpertisetoproducethetext（在95%的情況下，公司會聘請一名設(shè)計師來監(jiān)督布局，使最終產(chǎn)品看起來時尚、有趣和專業(yè)），也就是說作者認(rèn)為他們只注重設(shè)計而不注重表述內(nèi)容，應(yīng)該找一個有相關(guān)技能的廣告文字撰稿人來制作文字，因此A選項“更好的語言和表達(dá)”是最符合的。B選項“更好的整體外觀”，作者說了外觀是精心設(shè)計的，因此很時尚；C選項“更多最新的內(nèi)容”，是否是最新內(nèi)容文章并未提及；D選項“更多的產(chǎn)品信息”是過度推斷。

14.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段Theimportantpointtogetacrossatthebeginningisthatyouhaveagoodtrackrecord.（最重要的一點是在開始的時候你要有一個良好的業(yè)績記錄。）也就是說要有好口碑，因此D選項“他們建立的聲譽”，是原文的轉(zhuǎn)述項，正確。A選項“他們對商業(yè)環(huán)境的理解”；B選項“他們提供的產(chǎn)品范圍”以及C選項“他們獨特的市場地位”，都沒有提到。

15.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到最后一段Butrememberthatitisnotenoughjusttostatethese:inordertopersuade,theyneedtobespeltout.（但請記住，僅僅陳述這些是不夠的：為了說服別人，需要把它們說清楚。）也就是說僅僅聲明是不夠的他們需要被詳細(xì)說明。因此B選項“為他們的主張?zhí)峁┲С帧闭_。A選項“既考慮新客戶，也考慮老客戶”沒有提到；C選項“避免使用自己的照片”不對，不是說避免使用他們的照片，而是說不能僅僅只呈上他們的照片，還要有別的東西，比如客戶的建議；D選項“包括質(zhì)量認(rèn)證的細(xì)節(jié)”也沒有提到。

5.單選題

Manyofhisargumentshavenopertinencetothesubjectunderdiscussion.

問題1選項

A.significance

B.value

C.relevance

D.enlightenment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項significancen.重要性，意義；B選項valuen.價值，重要性；C選項relevancen.關(guān)聯(lián)，適當(dāng)，中肯；D選項enlightenmentn.啟迪，啟蒙運動。句意表明：他的很多觀點都與正在討論的議題無關(guān)。因此本題選擇C項。

6.單選題

Onceyouhavefinishedreadingthesedocumentsfromourconsultant,wewouldliketohaveyouropinionregardingthevalueoftheadvicesreceivedsofar.

問題1選項

A.Onceyouhave

B.regarding

C.valueoftheadvices

D.sofar

E.沒有問題

【答案】E

7.單選題

Bytheyearof2025,scientistsprobably______acureforcancer.

問題1選項

A.willbediscovering

B.arediscovering

C.willhavediscovered

D.havediscovered

【答案】C

【解析】考查將來完成時。句意：到2025年，科學(xué)家們可能已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了治療癌癥的方法。根據(jù)語境，可知這個句子的時態(tài)是將來完成時，在這里表示將來完成時表示在將來某一時間以前已經(jīng)完成的動作，其結(jié)構(gòu)是will（第二、三人稱）+have+過去分詞（done），C選項willhavediscovered符合題意。因此C選項正確。

8.單選題

Whenthefarmersvisitedthecitythefirsttime,theywere___byitscomplicatedtrafficsystem.

問題1選項

A.precluded

B.bewildered

C.diverted

D.expired

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項precluded“排除；妨礙；阻止”；B選項bewildered“使迷惑，使不知所措”；C選項diverted“呼叫轉(zhuǎn)移，釋放”；D選項expired“期滿；失效；（人）死亡；呼（氣）”。句意：當(dāng)農(nóng)民們第一次進(jìn)城時，他們被城里復(fù)雜的交通系統(tǒng)___。本句表達(dá)“農(nóng)民們被復(fù)雜的交通系統(tǒng)弄得不知所措”，因此B選項正確。

9.單選題

TheRepublicanlandslideinthe2010mid-termssweptanewbreedofconservativezealotintooffice,destroyingthemiddlegroundandmakinglegislatingnexttoimpossible.

問題1選項

A.sensation

B.teetering

C.fanatic

D.prod

【答案】C

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項sensation“感覺，轟動，感動”；B選項teeter“蹺蹺板，搖擺不定”；C選項fanatic“狂熱入迷者，狂熱分子，盲信者”；D選項prod“戳，捅，刺戳的工具，刺激，提醒”。句意：共和黨在2010年中期選舉中取得壓倒性勝利，將一批新一代的保守狂熱分子推上了白宮，摧毀了中間立場，使得立法幾乎不可能。Zealot“狂熱者，猶太教狂熱信徒”，C選項與該詞意思最相近，因此C選項正確。

10.單選題

Afterhydrogen,heliumisthesecondmostabundantelementintheuniverse.Buthowdoastronomersknowthat?ItmightseemthatthephilosopherAugusteComtewasonsolidgroundwhenhestatedin1844that,becauseoftheremotenessofthestars,wecouldneverknowtheirchemicalcomposition.Yetonlyafewyearslaterchemistsdiscoveredthatunderthepropercircumstanceseveryelementemitsacertaincombinationofcolorsoflightthatcanidentifyit,justasyourfingerprintscanidentifyyou.Byanalyzingthelightcomingfromstars,astronomershavebeenabletoidentifythedifferentchemicalelementsinthestarsandincosmicspace,aswellastheirrelativequantities.Itisaninterestinghistoricalnotethatheliumwasactuallyfoundonthesun,in1868,beforeitwasfoundonearth,inthe1890s.(ThenameheliumcomesfromtheGreekworldhellos,meaning“sun”)

Thecentralprincipleofchemistryisthatallmatteriscomposedofatoms.Theseatomsemitthecolorsoflightthatcharacterizeeachelement.Eachatomconsistsofanucleus,orpositivelychargedcore,andaroundthisnucleusareelectrons,whicharenegativelychargedparticles.Thecharacteristiclightemittedbyanatomgivesusinformationaboutthearrangementofelectronsabouttheatomicnucleus.Thisarrangementdeterminesthechemicalpropertiesoftheatom.

Theatomicnumberofanelementisthenumberofprotonsinthenucleusofoneofitsatoms.Theatomicnumberisafundamentalproperty,becauseitalsoequalsthenumberofelectronsaroundthenucleusinthenormal(electricallyneutral)atom,andtheseelectronsdeterminetheatom’schemicalproperties.Theperiodictableoftheelements(thatis,theirarrangementintotherowsandcolumnsbasedontheirchemicalandphysicalproperties)isaresultofthewaytheelectronsarearrangedintheatoms,andthisarrangementorstructuredependsonthenumberofelectronsandthusontheatomicstructure.

1.Inthispassage,fundamentalmeans（）.

2.Theauthor’spurposeinthispassageisto（）.

3.AugusteComtesaidthatwecouldneverknowthecompositionofthestarsbecausetheyare（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,acentralprincipleofchemistryisthat（）.

5.Thetoneofthispassagecanbestbedescribedas（）.

6.Theorganizationalpatternofthefirstparagraphofthispassageis（）.

7.Theauthorexplainsthecharacteristicpatternofcoloremittedbyeachelementbycomparingthispatternto（）.

問題1選項

A.first

B.heavy

C.basic

D.early

問題2選項

A.persuade

B.inform

C.entertain

D.tellastory

問題3選項

A.movingawayfromus

B.veryfaraway

C.veryhot

D.madeofhelium

問題4選項

A.differentatomsemitdifferentcoloroflight

B.thesuncontainshelium

C.theatomicnumberisafundamentalproperty

D.allmatteriscomposedofatoms

問題5選項

A.objective

B.poetic

C.hostile

D.opinionated

問題6選項

A.chronologicalorder

B.spatialorder

C.definition

D.exampleillustration

問題7選項

A.thescalesofafish

B.thefeathersofabird

C.afootprint

D.afingerprint.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:D

【解析】1.詞匯題。根據(jù)原文可知“fundamentalproperty”指基本性質(zhì)，fundamental意為“基礎(chǔ)的，基本的”，basic也表示“基本的”。所以選項C正確。

2.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是從客觀公正的角度描述事實，講述化學(xué)物質(zhì)氦的構(gòu)成及其性質(zhì)，所以選項B正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“becauseoftheremotenessofthestars,wecouldneverknowtheirchemicalcomposition.”由于星星距離遙遠(yuǎn)，我們永遠(yuǎn)無法知道它們的化學(xué)成分。選項B符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第二段第一句“Thecentralprincipleofchemistryisthatallmatteriscomposedofatoms.”化學(xué)的核心原則是所有的物質(zhì)都是由原子構(gòu)成的。選項D符合原文。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)原文可知，本文主要是從客觀公正的角度描述事實，所以作者的態(tài)度是客觀的，選項A正確。

6.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，本段是用舉例說明的方法來介紹氦元素的發(fā)現(xiàn)過程，所以選項D正確。chronologicalorder時間順序；spatialorder空間順序；definition下定義；exampleillustration舉例說明。

7.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第四句“underthepropercircumstanceseveryelementemitsacertaincombinationofcolorsoflightthatcanidentifyit,justasyourfingerprintscanidentifyyou.”在適當(dāng)?shù)那闆r下，每一種元素都會發(fā)出一種特定的光的顏色組合來識別它，就像你的指紋可以識別你一樣。由此可知，作者是將光和指紋進(jìn)行對比，選項D正確。

11.單選題

IhavedevotedfourweekendstowritingpapersandnowIfeelI（

）arest.

問題1選項

A.deserve

B.preserve

C.conceive

D.receive

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。deserve“應(yīng)得，應(yīng)受”；preserve“保存”；conceive“設(shè)想‘懷孕”；receive“收到”。句意：我花了四個周末寫論文，現(xiàn)在覺得我應(yīng)該休息一下了。選項A符合題意。

12.單選題

Islifetodaymoredangerousthanitusedtobe?Itcertainlyseemsthatway.Withtheradiationemittedbyourhouses,thearsenic(砷)inthewaterandthetoxicrayscomingoutofcellphones,itisn’treallysafetosleep,drinkortalk.

LastweektheentireMetrosysteminWashingtonhadtoclosedownbecausesomeonemightbeblownontothetracksduringahurricane.ThisweekchildreninWashingtonwerenotallowedtogotoschoolforawholedaybecausestreetswereblockedbyfallentreesandpowerlines,andtrafficlightsatsomeintersectionsweren’tworking.Apreviousgenerationmighthavewalkedaroundthefallentreesandlookedbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet,butthechildrenofthisgenerationclearlyliveinamuchmoredangerousworld,andweneedtoprotectthem.

AfterSept.11,2001,thousandsofpeoplesworeoffairplanesandbegandrivingcars.Infact,theoddsofbeingkilledinaterroristincidentin2002wereonein9million.Inthatsameyear,theoddsofdyinginatrafficaccidentwereaboutonein7,000.

Bytakingtheprecautionofnotflying,manypeopledied.

Therearesomeclearpsychologicalexplanationsforsomeofthis.It’safactthatpeoplefearman-madedisasters(terrorism)farmorethantheyfearnaturaldisasters(hurricanes),andtheyaremoreafraidofthingstheydonotcontrol,whichiswhydrivingacardoesfeelsaferthanflyinginanairplane.Also,althoughIhavenoproof,I’llhazardaguessthatpeoplearedisproportionatelyfrightenedbythingstheyreadaboutinthenewspaper.Bycontrast,theyaredisproportionatelywillingtodiscounttheevidenceoftheirownexperience.Ifyoulookaroundyourneighborhood,you’llnoticethatthewaterisclean—whichitwouldn’tnecessarilyhavebeen100yearsago—andthatthefoodisn’trottenorstale.

LifeisfarsaferfortheaverageAmericanthaniteverhastojustaboutanybodyatanyothertimeinhumanhistory—andmaybethatexplainstheludicrousprecautionsthatcityofficialsandfederalbureaucratsandeveryoneelsefeelsobligatedtotakenowadaystosatisfythepublic’sdemands.Nowthatwe’veeliminatedmostofthethingsthatthehumanraceoncefeared,we’vejustinventednewonestoreplacethem.

1.ChildrenarenotallowedtogotoschoolforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT______.

2.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatthepreviousgeneration______.

3.Whichistheacceptedpsychologicalexplanationforpeople’sfearasmentionedinthepassage?

4.Itisindicatedinthepassagethatinthepast______.

5．Theauthorbelievesthat______.

問題1選項

A.fallentrees

B.fallenpowerlines

C.acominghurricane

D.brokentrafficlights

問題2選項

A.knewbetterhowtoavoiddanger

B.waslessfussyaboutdangers

C.livedinamoredangerousworld

D.wasbetteratprotectingthemselves

問題3選項

A.Peoplearemoreafraidofthingstheydonotknowthanthingstheyarefamiliarwith.

B.Peoplearemoreafraidofdangersreportedinnewspapersthanthosetheyexperience.

C.Peoplearemoreafraidofflyinginanairplanethanridingatrain.

D.Peoplearemoreafraidofterroristdisastersthannaturaldisasters.

問題4選項

A.lifewasmoreenjoyable

B.waterwaslesscleanandfresh

C.foodswereofbettertasteandquality

D.streetsweresaferforchildrentocross

問題5選項

A.peopleareoverreactingtodangersnowadays

B.peoplehavegoodreasontofearthedangerstoday

C.lifeisfullofdangers,especiallyafterthe9.11attacks

D.childrenshouldbebetterprotectedagainstdangers

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項“倒下的樹木”，B選項“掉落的電線”，由原文becausestreetswereblockedbyfallentrees（因為街道被倒下的樹木和電線堵塞了）可知，A,B選項是華盛頓的孩子們不能去上學(xué)的原因，排除A,B。D選項“交通燈壞了”，由原文andtrafficlightsatsomeintersectionsweren’tworking.（一些十字路口的交通燈也不能工作。）可知，D選項是華盛頓的孩子們不能去上學(xué)的原因，排除D。C選項“即將到來的颶風(fēng)”，由原文可知，颶風(fēng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了，所以本題選C。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Apreviousgenerationmighthavewalkedaroundthefallentreesandlookedbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet,butthechildrenofthisgenerationclearlyliveinamuchmoredangerousworld,andweneedtoprotectthem.（上一代可能會在過馬路前繞著倒下的樹走，左右張望，但這一代的孩子顯然生活在一個更加危險的世界里，我們需要保護(hù)他們。），說明上一代人更懂得如何在面對危險時保護(hù)自己。因此D選項“在保護(hù)自己方面做得更好”正確。A選項“更知道如何避免危險”，B選項“對危險不那么挑剔”在文中沒有提及，所以A,B錯誤。C選項“生活在一個更危險的世界里”，由原文可知，是這一代的孩子生活在更危險的世界里，所以C錯誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第五段第一、二句Therearesomeclearpsychologicalexplanationsforsomeofthis…andtheyaremoreafraidofthingstheydonotcontrol（對此有一些明確的心理學(xué)解釋……人們更害怕自己無法控制的東西），說明對恐懼的公認(rèn)心理學(xué)解釋是人們更害怕未知的無法控制的東西。因此A選項“人們更害怕他們不知道的東西，而不是他們熟悉的東西?！闭_。B選項“人們更害怕報紙上報道的危險，而不是他們所經(jīng)歷的?！?，C選項“比起坐火車，人們更害怕坐飛機(jī)。”，D選項“比起自然災(zāi)害，人們更害怕恐怖主意災(zāi)難。”都是具體的事例，而不是心理學(xué)解釋，所以B,C,D錯誤。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句Ifyoulookaroundyourneighborhood,you’llnoticethatthewaterisclean—whichitwouldn’tnecessarilyhavebeen100yearsago—andthatthefoodisn’trottenorstale.（如果環(huán)顧你的社區(qū)，你會注意到水是干凈的——這在100年前不一定是干凈的，而且食物也沒有腐爛或變質(zhì)。），說明過去的水質(zhì)沒有現(xiàn)在的好。因此B選項“水沒有那么干凈”正確。A選項“生活更令人愉快”，C選項“食物的味道和質(zhì)量都更好”和原文的意思相反，所以A,C錯誤。D選項“對孩子來說街道更安全”，由原文LifeisfarsaferfortheaverageAmericanthaniteverhastojustaboutanybodyatanyothertimeinhumanhistory（普通美國人的生活比人類歷史上任何時候的任何人都要安全得多），現(xiàn)在的生活比過去更安全，所以D錯誤。

5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段第一句maybethatexplainstheludicrousprecautionsthatcityofficialsandfederalbureaucratsandeveryoneelsefeelsobligatedtotakenowadaystosatisfythepublic’sdemands.（也許這就解釋了為什么城市官員、聯(lián)邦官員和其他所有人都覺得有義務(wù)采取可笑的預(yù)防措施來滿足公眾的需求。），說明作者認(rèn)為這些預(yù)防措施是可笑的，也就是說人們面對危險的反應(yīng)過激了。因此A選項“現(xiàn)在的人對危險反應(yīng)過激了”正確。B選項“人們有充分的理由害怕今天的危險”，C選項“生活中充滿了危險，特別是在9.11事件之后”，由原文Nowthatwe’veeliminatedmostofthethingsthatthehumanraceoncefeared,we’vejustinventednewonestoreplacethem.（現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)消除了大多數(shù)人曾經(jīng)害怕的東西，我們只是發(fā)明了新的東西來取代它們。）可知，現(xiàn)在的生活中沒有那么多危險，所以B,C錯誤。D選項“兒童應(yīng)該得到更好的保護(hù)，以避免危險的發(fā)生”不符合題意，所以D錯誤。

13.填空題

Thesedrugs________alertness,elevatemood,anddecreasefatigueandtheneedforsleep,buttheyoftenmakeusersirritableandtalkative.(height)

【答案】heighten

【解析】【考查點】動詞。

【解題思路】Thesedrugs為句子主語，橫線處為謂語動詞。結(jié)合語境，這里先列出了這些藥物的治療功效，然后列出藥物副作用，其中一個功效就是_____警覺性，heighten的意思為“（使）加強，提高，增加”，符合語境。

【句意】這些藥物會提高警覺性，改善情緒，減少疲勞和睡眠需求，但它們往往讓服用者易怒并且健談。

14.單選題

Sheagreedtotakethenaughtyboyalong（）hebehavedhimself.

問題1選項

A.whether

B.that

C.provided

D.incase

【答案】C

【解析】句意：她同意把那個淘氣的男孩帶走,只要他聽話就行。選項C符合句意。

15.單選題

Wepreferthattheplan（

）beforebeingputintoexecution.

問題1選項

A.befullydiscussed

B.mustbefullydiscussed

C.willbefullydiscussed

D.isfullydiscussed

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。prefer后面接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時，謂語動詞用should+動詞原形，其中should可省略。所以選項A為省略了should的正確答案。

16.單選題

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Itdoesn’tseemtoofferasmuchfreedomasheanticipated.

B.Itisn’tsomotivatingashebelieved.

C.Itisn’tsoenjoyableasheexpected.

D.Itdoesn’tenablehimtoearnasmuchmoneyasheusedto.

問題2選項

A.Fewofthemareawareoftheiremployees’feelings.

B.Notallofthemcareabouttheiremployees’behaviors.

C.Notallofthemknowhowtomotivatetheiremployees.

D.Fewofthemofferpraiseandrewardtotheiremployees.

問題3選項

A.Self-awareness.

B.Autonomy.

C.Jobsatisfaction.

D.Money.

問題4選項

A.Theimportanceofcultivatingcloserelationshipswithclients.

B.Thewaytoexploreemployees’interestsandtalents.

C.Theadvantagesofpermanentfull-timeemployment.

D.Theneedforgettingrecommendationsfromtheirmanagers.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】ConversationTwo

W:Howdoyoulikebeingself-employed?

M:Thereareobviousbenefits,[5]thoughIdon’tseemtohavethefreedomIanticipatedasIjustdon’tseemabletodeclineworkoffers.Andworkingalone,therehavebeentimeswhenI’vefoundthatmoneyaloneprovidesinsufficientmotivation.Haveyouexperiencedthesamesinceyoubeganworkingforyourself?

W:Sometimes,yes,unliketherestoftheworkforcewhohavemanagerstopromptmotivationwheneverthey’refeelinglazyorbored,weself-employedworkersperformourjobswithoutamanagertoliftourspirits.There’snoonearoundtoofferpraiseorinitiatecollaboration,noonetomakegreateruseofourinterestsandtalents.

M:That’safact.Noteverymanagerbehaveswithsuchawarenessandcareofcourse,[6]andcertainlynotallmanagershaveacluehowtomotivatepeople.Still,havingamanagernearbyatleastindicatesthere’sanopportunity:there’l