考研考博-英語-吉林工商學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林工商學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Whenthefireisoutandthe（）areglowing,it’stimetocallitanight.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.halos

B.embers

C.ashes

D.fragments

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)halos“光暈，光環(huán)，色圈”；B選項(xiàng)embers“余燼，余火”；C選項(xiàng)ashes“骨灰，灰燼”；D選項(xiàng)fragments“碎片，片段；分裂”。句意：當(dāng)火焰熄滅，（）閃光，是時(shí)候收工了。fireisout和embers“余燼，余火”相對(duì)應(yīng)，符合語境。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Sheactuallypreferredamoregregariousurbanlifestyleandtheculturalattractionsinawarmerclime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tranquil

B.sociable

C.inactive

D.undisturbed

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:實(shí)際上她很喜歡交際較多的城市生活和氣候宜人的文化勝地。

tranquil:安靜的。sociable:好交際的。inactive:不活動(dòng)的。undisturbed:安寧的，未受干擾的。gregarious:社交的，群居的。故B項(xiàng)與題意一致。

3.單選題

Thedictatorreliedonabuseofitsopponents（

）onsoundingreasoning.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.morethan

B.ratherthan

C.otherthan

D.betterthan

【答案】B

【解析】詞組辨析題。morethan不僅僅；ratherthan而不是；otherthan除了...不同于...；betterthan超過，好于...。句意：這個(gè)獨(dú)裁者依靠的是辱罵反對(duì)者，而不是有力的說服。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.單選題

Itisnecessarythatanefficientworker（）hisworkontime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.accomplishes

B.canaccomplish

C.hasaccomplished

D.accomplish

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。本句句首的It作形式主語，真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的從

句，即：thatanefficientworker…ontime。that引導(dǎo)的主語從句采用了虛擬語氣，其完整的形式為Itisnecessarythatanefficientworker（should）accomplishhisworkontime.本句省略了主句從句中的should。虛擬語氣與不定式同時(shí)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，在Itisnecessary+that...的結(jié)構(gòu)中，that引導(dǎo)的主語從句的謂語要用虛擬語氣，即should+動(dòng)詞原形，其中的should可省略。在不定式作形容詞的主語的句式中，用Itisnecessary+不定式。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

______thatratherthanavoidcapturehepresentedhimselfattheprisongates.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Legendhasit

B.Ashaslegend

C.Legendashasit

D.Asithaslegend

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：據(jù)說，為了不被抓，他去自首了。A選項(xiàng)Legendhasit“據(jù)說”為固定搭配，符合題意，其余選項(xiàng)用法錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

成都是一座來了就不想走的城市。

莫貪意外之財(cái)，莫飲過量之酒。

老弱病殘?jiān)袑Ｗ?/p>

作為求職者，過于隨性的穿著會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響你被錄用的幾率。

調(diào)查表明，很少有人能夠完全獻(xiàn)身于自己的事業(yè)。

【答案】Chengduisacitythatyouneversaygood-bye.

Chengduisthekindofcitythatyouwillbegreatlyfascinatedonceyouvisit.

Notakingfreemoney；Nodrinkingexcessivewine.

Donotbegreedyforwindfallsandoverdrinkyourselfeither.

Seatsarereservedforseniors,theweak,thesick，thedisabledandthepregnant.

Asajobseeker,dressingmorecasually/informallywillseriouslyaffectyouremployment.

Surveyshows/indicatesthatfewpeoplecanfullybededicatedto/bedevotedtotheirowncareer.

7.單選題

Igotcaughtinthetraffic;______Iwouldhavebeenheresooner.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.however

B.although

C.anyway

D.otherwise

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.however然而B.although盡管

C.anyway不管怎樣D.otherwise否則

【考查點(diǎn)】句間邏輯。

【解題思路】前半句說“遇上了交通堵塞”，后半句說“我早就來了”，從中可知，后半句是前半句的結(jié)果，要用連詞otherwise。因此，D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)表示轉(zhuǎn)折；

B、C選項(xiàng)表示讓步。

【句意】我遇上了交通堵塞；否則我早就來了。

8.單選題

Thecountrycarriedonnucleartestswithoutfeelingapprehensiveabouttheconsequences.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.optimistic

B.anxious

C.uncertain

D.scared

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:該國(guó)進(jìn)行核實(shí)驗(yàn)，也不（

）

實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。

optimistic樂觀的;anxious焦慮的，擔(dān)憂的;uncertain無常的，不確定的，含糊的;scared恐懼的，害怕的。Apprehensive憂慮的，不安的。故選B。

9.單選題

Somestudiesconfirmedthatthiskindofeyediseasewas（）intropicalcountries.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prospective

B.prevalent

C.provocative

D.perpetual

【答案】B

【解析】句意:一些研究證實(shí)這種眼病在熱帶國(guó)家是普遍的。

考查形容詞辨析。prospective未來的;預(yù)期的;prevalent流行的；普遍的；provocative刺激的，挑撥的；氣人的；perpetual永久的；不斷的。空格處形容詞的主語是eyedisease(眼病)，因此B符合句意。

10.單選題

Hisuseofcolor,lightandformquicklydepartedfromtheconventionalstyleofhis（）ashedevelopedhisowntechnique.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.descendants

B.predecessors

C.successors

D.ancestors

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析題。A:descendant“后代”；B:predecessor“前輩”；C:successor“繼任者，繼承人”；D:ancestor“祖先”。句意：隨著他發(fā)展自己的技術(shù)，他對(duì)顏色、光線和形式的使用迅速地背離了他前輩的傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)格。結(jié)合句意，故B為正確答案。

11.單選題

（）thehelpofhisrichuncle,hecouldnotbelivingawealthylifetoday.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseof

B.Butfor

C.Inspiteof

D.Asfor

【答案】B

【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)Becauseof表示“因?yàn)椤?；B選項(xiàng)Butfor表示“要不是”；C選項(xiàng)Inspiteof表示“盡管”；D選項(xiàng)Asfor表示“關(guān)于，至于”。分析句意可知，要不是他有錢的叔叔幫忙，他今天不可能過著富裕的生活。因此本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

12.單選題

Inarecentstudy,neuroscientistsfoundthatplayingfast-pacedvideogamescouldhelpimprovedyslexicchildren’sreadingspeed,andtheimprovementsdidnotfadewithtime.

Researcherstestedthereadingabilityoftwogroupsof10-year-olddyslexicchildrenafteronegrouphadplayedactionvideogamesandtheotherplayednon-actionvideogames.Eachgroupwascomposedof10childrenwhoplayed80minutesofvideogamesadayforninedays,equaling12hoursofplayperchild.Theirreadingskillsweremeasuredonanumberoffactors,includinghowfasttheyreadwordsandhowaccuratelytheyreadthem.Resultsshowedthatimprovementsinreadingspeedachievedfromplayingfast-pacedvideogamescouldevenexceedimprovementsgainedfromayear’sintense,traditionaltherapies.

Scientistsaimedtoprovethatthere’sacorrelationbetweenadyslexicchild’svisualattentionspanandtheirabilitytoread.Actionvideogamesaredistinguishedfromnon-actionvideogamesbysuchcharacteristicsasgamespeed,ahighsensory-motorload,andpresentationofmultiple,peripheralstimuli.Actionvideogameplayersconstantlyreceivebothexternalandinternalfeedbackontheirperformance,producinglearning.

Itturnedoutthattheassumptionsofresearcherswerecorrect.Actionvideogameplayersdefeatedtheirnon-actionpeersinimprovements.Onlyactiongamekidsshowedgeneralreadingimprovements,upto40percent,whilenon-actionreadersshowednoimprovement.Theactiongamersalsoimprovedtheirbasictextreadingbyasmuchas60percent,whilenon-actiongamersshowedamoremodest5percent-10percentgain.

Thoughmoreresearchisneededtonaildownthespecificrolethatactiongamesplayintheimprovements,theresearchersclaimedtheirdataisthestart.Theybelievetheirfindingsshowthatattentioncanbestudiedandefficientlytrainedduringinfancy.Thiscanpavethewayforlow-resource-demandingearlypreventionprogramsthatcoulddrasticallyreducetheincidentofreadingdisorders.

1.Whatdoestherecentstudydiscussedinthepassageshow?

2.Researchersofthestudyconductedtheirtestby（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasadifferencebetweenactionvideogamesandnon-actionones?

4.Resultsofthestudyconfirmedscientistsassumptionthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Traditionaltherapiesdobetterthanvideogamesinhelpingchildrenread.

B.Childrenpreferactionvideogamestonon-actiononesintheirreadingclass.

C.Playingactionvideogamescaneffectivelyimprovechildren'sreadingability.

D.Thebenefitsofplayingactionvideogamesgraduallygetweakerovertime.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.measuringtheeffectsofplayingdifferenttypesofvideogamesonreading

B.comparingtheeffectsofdifferentreadingmethodsonreadingspeed

C.trainingchildrenwithreadingdifficultiestoreadwordsfastandaccurately

D.teachingchildrentoplayvariousvideogamesforseveralhourseachday

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Actionvideogamesgiveplayersmoreinternalfeedback.

B.Actionvideogamespresentarichervarietyofstimulitoplayers.

C.Actionvideogamesrequirepayersreadmoreduringplaying.

D.Actionvideogameshaveasomewhatlowersensory-motorload.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Readingdifficultiesarecausedbybothexternalandinternalfactors

B.Actionvideogameshavehighergameseesthannor-actionvideogames

C.Readingdifficultiesarerelatedtoexcessiveplayingofvideogames

D.Actionvideogamesprovideplayerswithfeedbackthatfacilitatelearning

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)recentstudy定位到文章的首句，“Inarecentstudy,neuroscientistsfoundthatplayingfast-pacedvideogamescouldhelpimprovedyslexicchildren’sreadingspeed,andtheimprovementsdidnotfadewithtime.”在最近的一項(xiàng)研究中，神經(jīng)科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，玩快節(jié)奏的電子游戲有助于提高誦讀困難兒童的閱讀速度，而且這種提高不會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移而消失。即對(duì)應(yīng)C選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)療法在幫助孩子閱讀方面比電子游戲做得更好”。根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)療法，定位到文章的第二段的尾句“Resultsshowedthatimprovementsinreadingspeedachievedfromplayingfast-pacedvideogamescouldevenexceedimprovementsgainedfromayear'sintense,traditionaltherapies”.可得知，玩快節(jié)奏游戲比傳統(tǒng)療法更有助于提高孩子的閱讀速度，B選項(xiàng)“在閱讀課上，孩子們更喜歡動(dòng)作類電子游戲而不是非動(dòng)作類電子游戲”，為無關(guān)選項(xiàng)，文章沒有提到readingclass，D選項(xiàng)“玩動(dòng)作類電子游戲的好處會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的推移逐漸減弱”，與文章表達(dá)的意思相反。因此，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)researchersofthestudy定位到文章的第二段，“Researcherstestedthereadingabilityoftwogroupsof10-year-olddyslexicchildrenafteronegrouphadplayedactionvideogamesandtheotherplayednon-actionvideogames.”研究人員測(cè)試了兩組10歲的誦讀困難兒童的閱讀能力，一組玩動(dòng)作類電子游戲，另一組玩非動(dòng)作類電子游戲。A選項(xiàng)“通過玩不同類型的游戲來衡量電子游戲?qū)﹂喿x的影響”，B選項(xiàng)“通過比較不同的閱讀策略在閱讀速度方面的影響”，C選項(xiàng)“訓(xùn)練有閱讀困難的兒童快速準(zhǔn)確地閱讀單詞”，D選項(xiàng)“每天教授孩子玩幾個(gè)小時(shí)不同的游戲”。因此，A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文“Actionvideogamesaredistinguishedfromnon-actionvideogamesbysuchcharacteristicsasgamespeed,ahighsensory-motorload,andpresentationofmultiple,peripheralstimuli.”動(dòng)作電子游戲與非動(dòng)作電子游戲的區(qū)別在于游戲速度、高感覺運(yùn)動(dòng)負(fù)荷和多重外圍刺激。A選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)作電子游戲會(huì)給玩家更多內(nèi)部反饋”，B選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)作電子游戲?yàn)橥婕姨峁┝烁S富的刺激”，C選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)作類電子游戲要求付費(fèi)玩家在游戲過程中閱讀更多內(nèi)容”，D選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)作類電子游戲的感覺運(yùn)動(dòng)負(fù)荷相對(duì)較低”。因此，B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文“Actionvideogameplayersconstantlyreceivebothexternalandinternalfeedbackontheirperformance,producinglearning.Itturnedoutthattheassumptionsofresearcherswerecorrect.Actionvideogameplayersdefeatedtheirnon-actionpeersinimprovements.”動(dòng)作電子游戲玩家不斷收到關(guān)于他們表現(xiàn)的外部和內(nèi)部反饋，從而產(chǎn)生學(xué)習(xí)效果。事實(shí)證明，研究人員的假設(shè)是正確的。動(dòng)作類電子游戲玩家在改進(jìn)過程中打敗了非動(dòng)作類游戲玩家。A選項(xiàng)“閱讀困難既有外部因素造成的，也有內(nèi)部因素造成的”，原文沒有提及，B選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)作類電子游戲比非動(dòng)作類電子游戲擁有更高的游戲體驗(yàn)”，原文沒有提及游戲體驗(yàn)，C選項(xiàng)“閱讀困難與過度玩電子游戲有關(guān)”，無關(guān)選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)作類電子游戲?yàn)橥婕姨峁┓答?，促進(jìn)他們的學(xué)習(xí)”，因此，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.翻譯題

面對(duì)多變的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)，我們主張要大力推動(dòng)開放創(chuàng)新。國(guó)際金融危機(jī)爆發(fā)7年來的實(shí)踐證明，唯有同舟共濟(jì)，才能渡過難關(guān)。在相互依存的世界里，各國(guó)有權(quán)根據(jù)自己的國(guó)情制定經(jīng)濟(jì)政策，但是也應(yīng)加強(qiáng)同其他國(guó)家的宏觀政策協(xié)調(diào)，擴(kuò)大利益匯合點(diǎn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)共同發(fā)展。歐洲有諺語講：“面對(duì)變革之風(fēng)，有人砌圍墻，有人轉(zhuǎn)風(fēng)車?！蔽覀兂珜?dǎo)順勢(shì)而為，堅(jiān)定不移推進(jìn)自由貿(mào)易，旗幟鮮明反對(duì)保護(hù)主義，積極擴(kuò)大區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作，打造全球價(jià)值鏈，迎接新科技革命的到來。宏觀政策固然重要，但結(jié)構(gòu)性改革勢(shì)在必行，這是國(guó)際社會(huì)的共識(shí)。盡管難度很大，但也應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持去做，這樣才能形成全球創(chuàng)新合力，增強(qiáng)世界發(fā)展的新動(dòng)能。

【答案】Inaworldfacingvolatileeconomicsituation,weshouldallworktopromoteopening-upandinnovation.Whathashappenedsincetheoutbreakoftheinternationalfinancialcrisissevenyearsagoprovesthattoworkinunityisthesurestwayforcountriestogetoverthedifficulties.Weareallinterdependentinthisworld.Whileweeachhavetherighttoadopteconomicpoliciesinlinewithnationalconditions,weneedtostrengthenmacro-policycoordinationtoexpandtheconvergenceofinterestsandachievecommondevelopment.AnEuropeanproverbsays,“whenthewindofchangeblows,somebuildwalls,whileothersbuildwindmills.”Weneedtoactalongthetrendofourtime,firmlyadvancefreetrade,resolutelyrejectprotectionism,andactivelyexpandregionaleconomiccooperation.Weneedtobuildglobalvaluechains,andseizetheopportunityofanewtechnologicalrevolution.Whiletheinternationalcommunityagreeontheimportanceofmacro-policiestotheeconomy,theyalsorecognizetheurgencytogoaheadwithstructuralreform.Structuralreformmustbecarriedthroughnomatterhowdifficultitis,asitisaneffectivewaytofosterconditionsconducivetoglobalinnovationandbringaboutnewmomentumforglobaldevelopment.

14.單選題

Newspapersinthe1920sandthe1930sofferedtheirreadersgiftstoincreasetheir（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.circulation

B.contribution

C.regulation

D.advocation

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)circulation“(報(bào)刊)發(fā)行量，銷售量”；B選項(xiàng)contribution“捐資，貢獻(xiàn)”；C選項(xiàng)regulation“規(guī)則，管理”；D選項(xiàng)advocation“擁護(hù)，支持”。根據(jù)空格前“offeredtheirreadersgifts為讀者提供禮物”可知‘報(bào)紙行業(yè)是通過増加發(fā)行量為讀者提供禮物’A選項(xiàng)正確。

15.翻譯題

Today,weanxiouslyscrutinizeexaminationscoresandworrywhetherourchildwillbeadmittedintoprestigiousuniversity.Mostofthetime,theirritatingchildorstudentwithlowscoresonlyreceivesnegativeattention.ConsideringthehueandcriesaboutteachingChinesestudentstobemorecreative,andtheconstantcomparisonsofthedifferencesbetweenEastandWesteducation,maybewearefutilelytryingtopoundsquarepegintoroundholes.

Creativityisrelatedtoproblem-solvingability,andthefundamentaltruthisthatcreativityandeffectivenesscallsforafullyengagedmind.Ontheonehand,acreativepersonislikeafleshandbloodcomputer,collecting,assembling,arrangingandintegratingdata.Ontheotherhand,thecreativepersonistheattentivestudentoflife.Peoplewantingtoacquireacreativementalitymustfirstandforemostbeinthemind-setoffullyembracingalloftheirlearningexperience.Themindisthechain,andthevarietyofideasandexperiencesarethegears.

Thepersonalorientationtowardachievementisanattitude.Learninganddemonstratingcreativedecision-makingisnotaby-productfrombeingconditionedtomemorizecorrectanswers,orretrieveexactbitsofdataforproducingahighfinalscore.Creativityisaby-productofmentalrisk-takingandexperimentation,andoneisfullyengagingpersonalthinkinginthefunofabstractplay:mentalgymnastics.

【答案】【參考譯文】今天，我們焦慮地查著考試分?jǐn)?shù)，擔(dān)心小孩是否有望被名牌大學(xué)錄取。大多數(shù)情況下，令人惱火的小孩或分?jǐn)?shù)低的學(xué)生僅得到消極的關(guān)心。在呼吁提高中國(guó)學(xué)生創(chuàng)造性的抗議聲和中西方教育差異的對(duì)比的影響下，我們的做法無異于方枘圓鑿不得其所。

創(chuàng)造力通常與問題解決能力相關(guān)，而且基本的事實(shí)是創(chuàng)造力和有效性需要全神貫注的頭腦。一方面，一個(gè)有創(chuàng)造力的人如同一臺(tái)有血有肉的計(jì)算機(jī)，對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行收集、匯集、整理和整合；另一方面，有創(chuàng)造力的人是生活中最細(xì)心的學(xué)生。想要擁有創(chuàng)造性頭腦的人必須首先下定決心去徹底領(lǐng)會(huì)所有的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷。頭腦是鏈條，而各種想法和經(jīng)歷是齒輪。

個(gè)人的成就取向是一種態(tài)度。學(xué)習(xí)和展示創(chuàng)造性的決策，并不是為了獲得高分而習(xí)慣于記住正確答案或檢索精確數(shù)據(jù)的副產(chǎn)品。創(chuàng)造力是一種腦力冒險(xiǎn)和試驗(yàn)的副產(chǎn)品，且創(chuàng)造力需要完全地讓個(gè)人的思考忙于抽象活動(dòng)（即腦力訓(xùn)練）的樂趣中。

16.單選題

Theboxer（

）andalmostfellwhenhisopponenthithim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.staggered

B.shattered

C.scattered

D.stamped

【答案】A

【解析】句意:當(dāng)被對(duì)手打中的時(shí)候，拳擊手搖搖晃晃，差點(diǎn)摔倒了。

動(dòng)詞辨析。stagger搖搖晃晃地走,蹣跚;shatter（使）破碎，碎裂;scatter散開，驅(qū)散;stamp跺(腳),重踩。故A符合句意。

17.單選題

Beforepolicecouldstopthedrink-crazeddriver,hehadcrashed______anothercarandsentsixpersonstothehospital.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.out

B.against

C.into

D.on

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。crashout表示“（因極度困倦或醉酒而）入睡，睡覺”；crashagainst表示“碰撞（常發(fā)出巨大的聲響或造成破壞）”，against指對(duì)立；crashinto“撞上，墜毀”，into指進(jìn)去；haveacrushonsb,表示“喜歡某人”，為固定搭配。根據(jù)thedrink-crazeddriver與anothercar可知C選項(xiàng)符合語義。句意：在警察還沒來得及制止酒后駕車的司機(jī)，他就撞上了另一輛車，并使六個(gè)人送往醫(yī)院。

18.單選題

TheprefixMachisusedtodescribesupersonicspeed.ItwasnamedforErnstMach(1838-1916),aCzech-bornAustrianphysicist,whocontributedtothestudyofsound.Whentwicethespeedofsound,itisMach2.Whenitisnearbutbelowthespeedofsound,itsspeedcanbedesignatedatlessthanMach1,forexample,Mach0.9.Machisdefinedas“theratioofthevelocityofarocketorajettothevelocityofsoundinthemediumbeingconsidered.”

Whenaplanepassesthesoundbarrier—flyingfasterthansoundtravels—listenersintheareahearthunderclaps,butthepilotoftheplanedoesnothearthem.

Soundisproducedbyvibrationsofanobjectandistransmittedbyalternateincreaseanddecreaseinpressurethatradiateoutwardthroughamaterialmediaofmolecules—somewhatlikewavesspreadingoutonapondafterarockhasbeentossedintoit.

Thefrequencyofsoundisdeterminedbythenumberoftimesthevibratingwavesundulate（波動(dòng)）persecondandismeasuredincyclespersecond.Theslowerthecycleofwaves,thelowerthefrequency.Asfrequenciesincrease,thesoundishigherinpitch.

Soundisaudibletohumanbeingsonlyifthefrequencyfallswithinacertainrange.Thehumanearisusuallynotsensitivetofrequenciesoffewerthan20vibrationspersecond,ormorethanabout20,000vibrationspersecond—althoughthisrangevariesamongindividuals.Anythingatapitchhigherthanthehumanearcanhearistermedultrasonic.

Intensity,orloudness,isthestrengthofthepressureoftheseradiatingwavesandismeasuredindecibels.Thehumanearrespondstointensityinarangefromzeroto120decibels.Anysoundwithpressureover120decibelsispainfultothehumanear.

Thespeedofsoundisgenerallyplacedat1.088feetpersecondatsealevelat32degreesFahrenheit.Itvariesinothertemperaturesandindifferentmedia.Soundtravelsfasterinwaterthaninair,andevenfasterinironandsteel.Ittravelsamilein5secondsinair,itdoesamileunderwaterin1second,andittravelsthroughironin1/3second.Ittravelsthroughicecoldvaporatapproximately4,708feetpersecond;ice-coldwater,4,938;granite,12,960;hardwood,12,620;brick,11,960;glass,16,410to19,690;silver,8,658;gold,5,717.

1.Accordingtothispassage,“Mach”refersto（

）.

2.Soundisproducedby

（

）.

3.Decibelis

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisaTRUEstatement?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitleofthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theratiooftheairspeedofanaircrafttothespeedofsound

B.amachine

C.aCzech-bornAustralianphysicist

D.thepilotoftheplane

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.vibrationsofanobjectpassingthroughtheair

B.spreadingofwavesafterarockbeingtossedintoapond

C.thunders

D.aflyingplane

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thefrequencyofradiatingwaves

B.thepressureofradiatingwaves

C.theunitformeasuringtheintensityofsound

D.thespeedofsound

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Soundtravelsfastestthroughthehardestthing.

B.Soundtravelsatdifferentspeedindifferenttemperaturesandindifferentmedia.

C.Soundtravelsfastestinhottesttemperature.

D.Soundtravelsfastestincoldesttemperature.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThePrefixMach.

B.TheSpeedofSound.

C.TheFrequencyofSound.

D.TheIntensityofSound.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Mach定位到文章第一段中，由Machisdefinedas“theratioofthevelocityofarocketorajettothevelocityofsoundinthemediumbeingconsidered.”（馬赫被定義為“在被考慮的媒介中，火箭或飛機(jī)的速度與聲速的比率”）可知選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Soundisproducedbyvibrationsofanobjectandistransmittedbyalternateincreaseanddecreaseinpressurethatradiateoutwardthroughamaterialmediaofmolecules（聲音是由物體的振動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的，并通過分子的物質(zhì)介質(zhì)向外輻射的壓力的交替增加和減少而傳播）可知A選項(xiàng)“物體通過空氣的振動(dòng)”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞decibel定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段中，由Intensity,orloudness,isthestrengthofthepressureoftheseradiatingwavesandismeasuredindecibels.（強(qiáng)度，或響度，是這些輻射波的壓力強(qiáng)度，以分貝為單位）可知C選項(xiàng)“測(cè)量聲音強(qiáng)度的單位”符合題意。

4.推理判讀題。文章最后一段的“Itvariesinothertemperaturesandindifferentmedia.（它在其他溫度和不同的介質(zhì)中變化）”中的it指的是前句中的“thespendofsound（聲音的速度）”，然后介紹了在不同介質(zhì)中傳播的速度不同，因此B選項(xiàng)“聲音以不同的速度在不同的溫度和不同的介質(zhì)中傳播”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)僅適合文章第一段的主題；C選項(xiàng)僅適合第四段和第五段的主題；D選項(xiàng)僅適合第六段的主題。文章首段與尾段都提到了聲音的速度，中間也有提到，因此B選項(xiàng)“聲音的速度”符合題意。

19.單選題

Soilnaturallycontainsharmlessamountsoflead,alongwithothermetals.Becauseofpollution,however,theamountsarehigherthecloseryougettocitiesandtowns.Butexpertssaythisshouldnotstopgardenersfromgrowingfoodiftheytakesafetymeasures.

DavidJohnsonisachemistryprofessorintheStateUniversityofNewYork’sCollegeofEnvironmentalScienceandForestry.Heexplainsthatleadcanenterthegroundfromleadedpaintandleadedfuelandfromindustry.

Andonceleadgetsintothesoil,itstaysalongtime.Itremainsanenvironmentalthreatespeciallytochildren.Leadcanharmmentalandphysicaldevelopmenteveninbabiesbeforetheyareborn.

Ifatestfindsthatsoilhastoomuchlead,youmightbeadvisedtoremovethesoilorcoveritwithsodgrass.Differentcountrieshavedifferentlevelsthattheyconsideracceptable.

CarlRosenoftheUniversityofMinnesotaExtensionnotesthatconcernsaboutleadhaveincreasednowthatmorepeopleareplantinggardens.ButProfessorRosensaysplantsgenerallydonotabsorbmuchlead.Hesaysthereislikelymoreriskfromleaddustonplantsorfromplayinginthesoilthanfromtheplantitself.

Still,someplantsdoabsorbmorethanothers.Expertssaygoodchoicesforthegardenincludetomatoes,peppers,beansandokra.Amongtheplantsthatcanabsorbmorecontaminants,theysay,arerootcrops,leafyvegetablesandherbs.Ifyougrowcarrots,forexample,youmightwanttopeelthem.Dirtmaybehardertoremovefromsomecropsthanfromothers.Butallproduceshouldbewashed.

Gardensshouldbeplantedawayfromroadsandstructures,especiallyoldbuilding.Homegardenersshouldplantawayfromthefoundationoftheirhouse.Andleadamountscanbeespeciallyhighnearindustrialareasandwastedumps.

SoilshouldalsobetestedforitsPHlevel,ameasureoftheacidandalkalinebalance.ExpertssaytheabilitytotakeupleadisreducedwhenthePHlevelisabovesixandahalf.Addingorganicmaterialsuchascomposttosoilcanalsomakeleadlessavailabletoplants.

Somepeopleattemptaprocesscalledphytoremediation.Theytrytoremoveleadfromsoilbygrowingcertainplantsthatcollectit.ButProfessorRosensaystheprocessiscomplexandmaynotwork.

1.AllofthefollowingistrueaboutleadinsoilEXCEPT（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,thereisanincreasedconcernabouttheleadbecause

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingplantsmaycontainthelowestamountoflead?

4.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageistoinformon（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theamountofleadinsoilishigherincitiesthaninthecountry

B.soilnaturallycontainslead

C.foodshouldnotbeplantedinsoilwhichcontainsahighamountoflead

D.theprocessofphytoremediationmaynotbeabletoremoveleadfromsoil

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thenumberofpeoplewhoplantgardensisincreasing

B.knowledgeabouttheharmofleadisincreasing

C.theamountofleadinsoilisincreasing

D.theamountofleadabsorbedbyplantsisincreasingbefore

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Eggplants

B.Cabbage

C.Potatoes

D.Carrot

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.howleadgetsintosoil

B.howtodealwithtoomuchleadinsoilinthegarden

C.howtomakeyourgardenfreeoflead

D.howtotesttheamountofleadinthegarden

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。關(guān)于lead鉛的描述在文章出現(xiàn)多次。A選項(xiàng)“城市土壤中的鉛含量比農(nóng)村高”對(duì)應(yīng)文章第一段第二句“Becauseofpollution,however,theamountsarehigherthecloseryougettocitiesandtowns.然而，由于污染，你離城鎮(zhèn)越近，污染的數(shù)量就越高”；B選項(xiàng)“土壤天然含鉛”對(duì)應(yīng)第一段第一句“Soilnaturallycontainsharmlessamountsoflead土壤中天然含有無害量的鉛”；D選項(xiàng)“植物修復(fù)的過程可能無法從土壤中去除鉛”對(duì)應(yīng)文章最后一段最后一句“ButProfessorRosensaystheprocessiscomplexandmaynotwork但羅森教授表示，這個(gè)過程（植物修復(fù)）很復(fù)雜，可能行不通”。C選項(xiàng)“不應(yīng)在含鉛量高的土壤中種植食物”與原文不符合，第一段最后說到“Butexpertssaythisshouldnotstopgardenersfromgrowingfoodiftheytakesafetymeasures但專家表示，如果采取安全措施，這（土壤中含有金屬）并不會(huì)妨礙園丁種植食物”。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干關(guān)鍵在于“anincreasedconcernaboutlead對(duì)鉛的擔(dān)憂日益增加”，原因在第五段中“concernsaboutleadhaveincreasednowthatmorepeopleareplantinggardens隨著越來越多的人開始種植花園，人們對(duì)鉛的擔(dān)憂也與日俱增”。A選項(xiàng)“種植花園的人數(shù)在增加”符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。鉛含量最低的植物就是文中說到的最不吸收鉛的植物，第六段說到“goodchoicesforthegardenincludetomatoes,peppers,beansandokra.Amongtheplantsthatcanabsorbmorecontaminants,theysay,arerootcrops,leafyvegetablesandherbs菜園里的好選擇包括西紅柿、辣椒、豆子和秋葵。他們說，能吸收更多污染物的植物包括塊根類作物、多葉蔬菜和草本植物”，對(duì)比選項(xiàng)可知A選項(xiàng)“茄子”不屬于塊根類作物，也不是蔬菜和草本植物，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.主旨大意題。文章第一段最后一句說到“thisshouldnotstopgardenersfromgrowingfoodiftheytakesafetymeasures如果采取一些安全措施，這種情況（土壤含金屬）不應(yīng)該阻止種植者去種食物”，下面幾段都在重點(diǎn)講應(yīng)對(duì)土壤中出現(xiàn)更高含量有害金屬的方法，因此本文主旨與B選項(xiàng)“如何應(yīng)對(duì)菜園土壤中鉛含量過高的問題”相關(guān)。

20.單選題

Hisworkshedprovocativeyetnecessarylightonanimportantwaytoslowthespreadofthisvirus.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.provisional

B.seductive

C.disturbing

D.insulting

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:他的工作就是著手放緩這種病毒的傳播。

provisional:臨時(shí)的,暫定的。seductive:誘人的，有魅力的。disturbing：干擾的，令人不安的,騷擾的(與畫線詞provocative:挑釁的，煽動(dòng)的，意思相近)。insulting:侮辱的，無禮的。

21.單選題

Canwereacha（

）onthisissue?Let’stakeavote.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conscience

B.consciousness

C.consequence

D.consensus

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。Reachaconsensus“達(dá)成共識(shí)”。句意：我們能在這個(gè)問題上達(dá)成共識(shí)嗎？我們來投票吧。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

22.翻譯題

通過向湖泊、河流，溪流及其他積水地投放石灰可以緩解酸雨所帶來的損失。石灰可以緩解酸化的一些征兆，但并非真正的解決方法，對(duì)于許多湖泊和流動(dòng)水體都不太現(xiàn)實(shí)，而且也不能解決問題的病根。在污染源降低到一個(gè)令人滿意的水平之前，我們應(yīng)該把它看作是一種臨時(shí)性應(yīng)付措施。永久性的解決辦法就是首先要減少污染源。在保護(hù)水和森林方面的嚴(yán)格的控制所起到的作用以外，他們還將在防止腐蝕方面挽救數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的美元的損失。

Theurbanenvironmenthastoofferasmanyrecreationactivitiesaspossible,andthedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreativeaspect.Theverybeststandardoflivingisnothingifitisnotpossibletotakeapleasantwalkinthedistrict,ifthechildrencannotbeallowedtoplayinthestreets,becausetherisksoftrafficaretoogreat,ifduringshoppingyoucannowherefindaspotforenjoyingforamomenttheniceweather,inshort,ifyouonlyfeelyourselfathomeafterthestreet-doorofyourhouseisclosedafteryou.

【答案】Acidraincanbemitigatedbypouringlimeintolakes,riversandstreamsandothercatchments.Limemayalleviatesomeofthesymptomsofacidification,butit’snotarealsolution,foritisunpracticalformanylakesandrunningwater.Furthermore,itcannotsolvetherootcauseoftheproblems.Beforereducingthesourcesofpollutiontoasatisfiedlevel,weshouldregardlimeasatemporarymeasure.Thepermanentsolutionisfirsttodecreasethesourceofpollution.Besidestheeffectsproducedbythestrictcontrolsintermsofprotectingwatersourcesandforests,theywillsavemillionsofdollarsinaspectsofcorrosionprevention.

城市環(huán)境應(yīng)該盡可能多地提供一些休閑活動(dòng)，并且這些活動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)要能夠讓更多的義務(wù)活動(dòng)也有休閑的一面。如果不能在社區(qū)里面愉悅地散步，如果孩子們不允許在街道上玩耍，因?yàn)榻稚辖煌L(fēng)險(xiǎn)太大，如果在購(gòu)物期間不能找到一個(gè)場(chǎng)所享受片刻的好天氣，總而言之，如果你只有在自己房子的臨街大門被關(guān)在身后時(shí)才感覺在家里的話，那最好的生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)其實(shí)都無關(guān)緊要了。

23.單選題

TheargumentthatChildrenarenolongeraneconomicasset,butmoreofaliability,drewmoreattentionofthepublic.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.responsibility

B.possibility

C.productivity

D.necessity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)responsibility“責(zé)任，職責(zé)；義務(wù)”；B選項(xiàng)possibility“可能性；可能發(fā)生的事物”；C選項(xiàng)productivity“生產(chǎn)力；生產(chǎn)率；生產(chǎn)能力”；D選項(xiàng)necessity“需要；必然性；必需品”。句意：孩子不再是一種經(jīng)濟(jì)資產(chǎn)，而更多地是一種責(zé)任，這一觀點(diǎn)引起了公眾更多的關(guān)注。本句關(guān)鍵詞liability在句中表示“責(zé)任”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中A選項(xiàng)最合適，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

24.單選題

Yettheseglobaltrendshidestarklydifferentnationalandregionalstories.VittorioColao,thebossofVodafone,whichoperatesorpartiallyownsnetworksin31countries,arguesthatthefarthersouthyougo,themorepeopleusetheirphones,evenpasttheequator:wherelifeislessorganized,peopleneedatool,forexampletorejigappointments.“Cultureinfluencesthelifestyle,andthelifestyleinfluencesthewaywecommunicate,hesays.“Ifyoudon’tleaveyourphoneoninameetinginItaly,youarelikelytomissthenextone.”

Othermundanefactorsalsoaffecthowphonesareused.Forinstance,incountrieswheremanypeoplehaveholidayhomestheyaremorelikelytogiveoutamobilenumber,whichthenbecomesthedefaultwheretheycanbereached,thusunderminingtheuseoffixed-linephones.Technologiesarealways“bothconstructiveandconstructedbyhistorical,social,andculturecontexts,”writesMizukoIto,ananthropologistattheUniversityofCaliforniainIrvine,whohasco-editedabookonJapan’smobile-phonesubculture.

Indeed,Japanisagoodexampleofhowsuchsubculturescomeabout.Inthe1990sAmericansandScandinavianswereearlyadoptersofmobilephones.ButinthenextdecadeJapanwaswidelyseenasthemodelforthemobilefuture,givenitsearlyembraceofthemobileInternet.ForsometimeWired,amagazinefortechnologylovers,ranacolumncalled“JapaneseSchoolgirlWatch”，servingreaderswithastreamofmobileoddities.TheimplicationwasthatwhatJapaneseschoolgirlsdidoneday,everyoneelsewoulddothenext.

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