考研考博-英語(yǔ)-商丘工學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-商丘工學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

The____ofwomentomenatmycollegeisabouttwotoone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rate

B.proportion

C.portion

D.percentage

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.rate比率B.proportion比例

C.portion部分D.percentage百分率

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析

【解題思路】根據(jù)原句中“女生和男生的____”以及“大約二比一”可知，空格處應(yīng)填入的是女生和男生的比例，因此，B選項(xiàng)proportion“比例”符合題意，proportion可以指一個(gè)量與另一個(gè)量的比值。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)rate“比率”，側(cè)重于指在某一特定時(shí)期內(nèi)某事物發(fā)生或存在的次數(shù)；

C選項(xiàng)portion“部分”，側(cè)重于指整體中的一部分；

D選項(xiàng)percentage“百分率”，側(cè)重于指部分在整體中的占比（用百分比表示）。

【句意】在我的大學(xué)里男女比例大約是一比二。

2.填空題

Directions:Inthispart,youwillreadapassage.Thenusingwordsorphrasesfromthepassagefillintheboxesinthefollowingdiagramtoindicatethepossiblesequencesofeventsbeforeandafteranearthquake.WriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.

1.Everyyearearthquakesareresponsibleforalargenumberofdeathsandavastamountofdestructioninvariouspartsoftheworld.MostofthesedamagingearthquakesoccureitherinanarrowbeltwhichsurroundsthePacificOceanorinalinewhichextendsfromBurmatotheAlpsinEurope.Someofthedestructionisdirectlycausedbythequakeitself.Anexampleofthisisthecollapseofbuildingsasaresultofvibration.Otherdamageresultsfromlandslides,tsunamis(largeoceanwaves)ormajorfireswhichareinitiatedbythequake.

2.Thereareaboutamillionquakesayear.Fortunately,however,notallofthemaredestructive.TheintensityofanearthquakeismeasuredontheRichterScale,whichgoesfrom0upward.Thehighestmagnituderecordedtodateis8.9.Majordamagegenerallyoccursfromquakesrangingupwardsfrom6.0.Exceptionstothisarethosewhoseepicentersarelocatedfarfrominhabitedareas.

3.Theactualcauseofthequakeitselfistherupturingorbreakingofrocksatorbelowtheearth’ssurface.Thisisproducedbypressurewhichscientistsbelievemaybeduetoanumberofreasons,twoofwhicharetheexpansionandcontractionoftheearth’scrustandcontinentaldrift.

4.Inordertominimizethedamageandtoalleviatesomeofthesufferingresultingfromearthquakes,scientistsareworkingonwaystoenableaccurateprediction.Twooftheinstrumentspresentlyinusetoachievethisgoalareseismographsandtiltmeters.Theformerrecordsanyshakingoftheearth;bymeansofcalculationsseismologistscanaccuratelyindicatetheexacttime,locationandsizeofanearthquake.Thelatter,asthenamesuggests,isusedtorecordanychangesinthetiltoftheland.

【答案】66.pressure

67.seismographs

68.shakingoftheearth

69.tiltmeters

70.changesinthetiltoftheland

【解析】66.根據(jù)第三段最后一句Thisisproducedbypressurewhichscientistsbelievemaybeduetoanumberofreasons,twoofwhicharetheexpansionandcontractionoftheearth’scrustandcontinentaldrift.（這是由科學(xué)家認(rèn)為可能是由許多原因造成的壓力產(chǎn)生的，其中兩個(gè)是地殼的膨脹和收縮以及大陸漂移。），由此可知expansionandcontractionoftheearth（地殼的膨脹和收縮）和continentaldrift（大陸漂移）是pressure(壓力)。

67.根據(jù)第四段第二句Twooftheinstrumentspresentlyinusetoachievethisgoalareseismographsandtiltmeters.（目前用于實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的儀器有地震儀和傾斜儀。）可知，空格應(yīng)填入seismographs。

68.根據(jù)第四段第三句Theformerrecordsanyshakingoftheearth（地震儀是用來記錄地殼的任何震動(dòng)）可知，空格應(yīng)填入shakingoftheearth。

69.根據(jù)第四段第二句Twooftheinstrumentspresentlyinusetoachievethisgoalareseismographsandtiltmeters.（目前用于實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的儀器有地震儀和傾斜儀。）可知，空格應(yīng)填入tiltmeters。

70.根據(jù)第四段最后一句Thelatter,asthenamesuggests,isusedtorecordanychangesinthetiltoftheland.（傾斜儀，顧名思義，是用來記錄土地傾斜的任何變化。）可知，空格應(yīng)填入changesinthetiltoftheland。

3.單選題

Wewerefourscoresleftbehindwithfiveminutestogo,sothegamelookedcompletely（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.irresistible

B.irremissible

C.irreplaceable

D.irretrievable

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)的irresistible“不可抵抗的，不能壓制的”；B選項(xiàng)的irremissible“不可寬恕的，無法逃避的”;C選項(xiàng)的irreplaceable“不能調(diào)換的”；D選項(xiàng)的irretrievable“不能挽回的，不能復(fù)原的”。根據(jù)句意‘比賽還有五分鐘結(jié)束，我們落后四分，所以這場(chǎng)比賽看上去完全無法挽回’確定D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Afewyearsagoayoungmotherwatchedherhusbanddiaper（給……換尿布）theirfirstbornson,“Youdonothavetobeunhappyaboutit,”sheprotested.“Youcantalktohimandsmilealittle.”Thefather,whohappenedtobeapsychologist,answeredfirmly,“Hehasnothingtosaytome,andIhavenothingtosaytohim.”

Psychologistnowknowhowwrongthatfatherwas.Fromthemomentofbirth,ababyhasagreatdealtosaytohisparents,andtheytohim.Butadecadeorsoago,theseexpertsweredescribingthenewbornasaprimitivecreaturewhoreactedonlybyreflex,ahelplessvictimofitsenvironmentwithoutcapacitytoinfluenceit.Andmothersacceptedthetruth.Mostthought(andsomestilldo)thatanewinfantcouldseeonlyblurry（模糊的）shadows,thathisothersenseswereundeveloped,andthatallherequiredwasnourishment,cleandiapers,andawarmbassinet.

Todayuniversitylaboratoriesacrossthecountryarestudyingnewbornsintheirfirstmonthoflife.Asaresult,psychologistsnowdescribethenewbabyasperceptive,withremarkablelearningabilitiesandanevenmoreremarkablecapacitytoshapehisorherenvironmentincludingtheattitudesandactionsofhisparents.Someresearchersbelievethattheneonatalperiodmayevenbethemostsignificantfourweeksinanentirelifetime.

Farfrombeinghelpless,thenewbornknowswhathelikesandrejectswhathedoesn’t.Heshutoutunpleasantsensationsbyclosinghiseyesoravertinghisface.Heisagluttonfornovelty.Heprefersanimatethingsoverinanimateandlikespeoplemorethananything.

Whenamorenineminutesout,aninfantprefersahumanfacetoahead-shapedoutline.Hemakesthechoicedespitethefactthat,withdeliveryroomattendantsmaskedandgowned,hehasneverseenahumanfacebefore.Bythetimehe’stwelvehoursold,hisentirebodymovesinprecisesynchronic（同時(shí)發(fā)生）tothesoundofahumanvoice,asifheweredancing.Anon-humansound,suchasatappingnoise,bringsnosuchresponse.

1.Theauthorpointsoutthatthefatherdiaperinghisfirst-bornsonwaswrongbecause（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

3.Whatdoesthesentence“Heisagluttonfornovelty”probablymean?

4.Accordingtothepassage,it’sgroundlesstothinkthatnewbornsprefer（）.

5.Whatisthepassagemainlydiscussingabout?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hebelievedthebabywasnotabletohearhim

B.hethoughtthebabydidn’thavethepowerofspeech

C.hewasapsychologistunworthyofhisprofession

D.hethoughtthebabywasnotcapableofanyresponse

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Anewinfantcanseeonlyblurryshadows.

B.Anewinfant’ssensesareundeveloped.

C.Allanewinfantrequiresisnourishment,cleandiapers,andawarmbassinet.

D.Anewinfantisactuallyabletoinfluencehisorherenvironment.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thenewbornisgreedyfornewfood.

B.Thenewborntendstoovereat.

C.Thenewbornalwayslovesthingsthatarenewtohim.

D.Thenewborn’sappetiteisaconstanttopicinnovels.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ahumanfacetoahead-shapedoutline

B.animatethingstoinanimateones

C.humanvoicetonon-humansounds

D.nourishmenttoawarmbassinet

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Whatpeopleknowaboutnewborns.

B.Howwrongparentsarewhentheyhandletheirbabies.

C.Howmuchnewbornshaveprogressedinaboutadecade’stime.

D.Whythefirstmonthoflifeisthemostsignificantfourweeksinalifetime.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。聯(lián)系上下文可知這位父親是個(gè)心理學(xué)家，而大約十年前，心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為新生兒只是aprimitivecreaturewhoreactedonlybyreflex,ahelplessvictimofitsenvironmentwithoutcapacitytoinfluenceit（一種僅憑反射做出反應(yīng)的原始生物，是無力影響其生存環(huán)境的無助受害者），而如今他們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到了這種觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的，結(jié)合這位父親的話“他沒什么對(duì)我說的”可知他當(dāng)時(shí)也是堅(jiān)持這種錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)，因此D選項(xiàng)“他認(rèn)為嬰兒沒有能力做出任何回應(yīng)”符合題意。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第三段第二句中的psychologistsnowdescribethenewbabyasperceptive,withremarkablelearningabilitiesandanevenmoreremarkablecapacitytoshapehisorherenvironmentincludingtheattitudesandactionsofhisparents（心理學(xué)家現(xiàn)在把新生嬰兒的形象描述為有洞察力，有非凡的學(xué)習(xí)能力，甚至有卓越的塑造其生活環(huán)境的能力，包括他父母的態(tài)度和行為）可知D選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)新生嬰兒實(shí)際上能夠影響其生活環(huán)境”符合題意。

第3題:語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由下文Heprefersanimatethingsoverinanimateandlikespeoplemorethananything（他喜歡有生命的東西勝過無生命的東西，喜歡人勝過一切）可推測(cè)Heisagluttonfornovelty表達(dá)的并非僅僅與“吃”有關(guān)，而是新生兒對(duì)新鮮事物的濃厚興趣，因此C選項(xiàng)“新生兒總是喜歡新鮮的事物”符合題意。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。需注意題干中的groundless（無理由的），因此要找出不符合文意的選項(xiàng)。由第四段最后一句Heprefersanimatethingsoverinanimateandlikespeoplemorethananything（他喜歡有生命的東西勝過無生命的東西，喜歡人勝過一切）可排除B選項(xiàng)；由第五段第一句中的aninfantprefersahumanfacetoahead-shapedoutline（嬰兒更喜歡人的臉，而不是頭型的輪廓）可排除A選項(xiàng)；由第五段第三句中的hisentirebodymovesinprecisesynchronictothesoundofahumanvoice,asifheweredancing（他的整個(gè)身體精確地隨著人類的聲音同步移動(dòng)，就好像他在跳舞）和第四句Anon-humansound,suchasatappingnoise,bringsnosuchresponse（而非人類的聲音，比如敲打聲，則不會(huì)產(chǎn)生這種反應(yīng)）可推斷出嬰兒更喜歡人類的聲音，因此C選項(xiàng)可以排除，所以D選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

第5題:主旨大意題。本文介紹了過去心理學(xué)家對(duì)嬰兒的錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)識(shí)，以及現(xiàn)在的正確認(rèn)識(shí)，因此A選項(xiàng)“人們對(duì)新生兒的了解”符合題意。

5.單選題

AgroupoflabourMPs,amongthemYvetteCooper,arebringinginthenewyearwithacalltoinstituteaUK"townofculture"award.Theproposalisthatitshouldsitalongsidetheexistingcityofculturetitle,whichwasheldbyHullin2017andhasbeenawardedtoCoventryfor2021.CooperandhercolleaguesarguethatthesuccessofthecrownforHull,whereitbroughtin￡220mofinvestmentandanavalancheofarts,oughtnottobeconfinedtocities.Britain'stowns,itistrue,arenotpreventedfromapplying,buttheygenerallylacktheresourcestoputtogetherabidtobeattheirbiggercompetitors.Atownofcultureawardcould,itisargued,becomeanannualevent,attractingfundingandcreatingjobs.

SomemightseetheproposalasaboobyprizeforthefactthatBritainisnolongerabletoapplyforthemuchmoreprestigioustitleofEuropeancapitalofculture,asought-afterawardbaggedbyGlasgowin1990andLiverpoolin2008.AcynicmightspeculatethattheUKisonthevergeofdisappearingintoanendlessfeverofself-celebrationinitsdesperationtoreinventitselfforthepost-Brexitworld:aftertownofculture,whoknowswhatwillfollow—villageofculture?Suburbofculture?Hamletofculture?

Itisalsowisetorecallthatsuchtitlesarenotacure-all.Abadlyrun"yearofculture"washesinandoutofaplacelikethetide,bringingprominenceforaspellbutleavingnolastingbenefitstothecommunity.Thereallysuccessfulholdersofsuchtitlesarethosethatdoagreatdealmorethanfillhotelbedroomsandbringinhigh-profileartseventsandgoodpressforayear.Theytransformtheaspirationsofthepeoplewholivethere;theynudgetheself-imageofthecityintoabolderandmoreoptimisticlight.Itishardtogetright,andrequiresaremarkabledegreeofvision,aswellascooperationbetweencityauthorities,theprivatesector,communitygroupsandculturalorganizations.Butitcanbedone:Glasgow'syearasEuropeancapitalofaculturecancertainlybeseenasoneofacomplexseriesoffactorsthathaveturnedthecityintothepowerhouseofart,musicandtheatrethatitremainstoday.

A“townofculture"couldbenotjustabouttheartsbutabouthonoringatown’speculiarities—helpingsustainitshighstreet,supportinglocalfacilitiesandaboveallcelebratingitspeople.JeremyWright,theculturesecretary,shouldwelcomethispositive,hope-filledproposal,andturnitintoaction.

1.Copperandhercolleaguearguethata"townofculture"awardwould（

）.

2.Accordingtoparagraph2,theproposalmightberegardedbysomeas（

）.

3.Theauthorsuggeststhatatitleholderissuccessfulonlyifit（

）.

4.“Glasgow”ismentionedinParagraph3topresent（

）.

5.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheproposal?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.consolidatethetowncitytiesinBritain

B.promotecooperationamongBrain'stowns

C.increasetheeconomicstrengthofBrain'stowns

D.focusBrain'slimitedresourcesonculturalevents

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.asensiblecompromise

B.aself-deceivingattempt

C.aneye-catchingbonus

D.aninaccessibletarget

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.endeavortomaintainitsimage

B.meetstheaspirationofitspeople

C.bringsitslocalartstoprominence

D.commitstoitslong-termgrowth

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.acontrastingcase

B.asupportingexample

C.abackgroundstory

D.arelatedtopic

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Skeptical

B.Objective

C.Favorable

D.Critical

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問庫(kù)珀和她的同事們認(rèn)為“文化之城”這一獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)可能會(huì)怎樣，可以定位在第一段第三句：“赫爾之冠”的成功并不局限于城市，它為赫爾帶來了2.2億歐元的投資和大量藝術(shù)作品。英國(guó)的城鎮(zhèn)，確實(shí)沒有被阻止申請(qǐng)，但他們通常缺乏資源來湊齊一點(diǎn)來?yè)魯∷麄兏蟮母?jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。有人認(rèn)為，“文化之城”獎(jiǎng)可以成為一項(xiàng)年度活動(dòng)，吸引資金并創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。所以能看出答案是C.增強(qiáng)英國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力。

2.推斷題。題干問：根據(jù)第二段，這一提議或許會(huì)被一些人認(rèn)為是___。可以定位在第二段第一句“Somemightseetheproposalasaboobyprizeforthefactthat”“有些人可能會(huì)把這個(gè)提議看作是一個(gè)噓聲，因?yàn)橛?guó)已經(jīng)不能再申請(qǐng)更有聲望的歐洲文化之都的稱號(hào)了”，能看出來有些人是持反面態(tài)度的。很多人不認(rèn)識(shí)boo，但是也能從后面的onthevergeofdisappearingintoanendlessfeverofself-celebration

initsdesperationtoreinventitselffor，在絕望地為英國(guó)退歐后的世界重塑形象之際，英國(guó)即將消失在一場(chǎng)無休止的自我慶祝熱潮之中。接下來幾個(gè)反問句，能看出來是一種自我欺騙的嘗試，所以選擇B。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問：作者認(rèn)為這個(gè)頭銜的持有者是成功的只要他……可以定位到第三段第三、四句：這些頭銜真正成功的持有者，是那些除了為酒店帶來收入、帶來引人注目的藝術(shù)活動(dòng)和一年的良好報(bào)道之外，還做了很多事情的人。他們轉(zhuǎn)變了當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦脑竿?；他們將城市的自我形象推向更大膽、更樂觀的一面。所以能看出只要他致力于鄉(xiāng)村的長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展中，這個(gè)頭銜就會(huì)是成功的。

4.寫作目的題。題干說：第3段提到格拉斯哥是為了展現(xiàn)什么?？梢远ㄎ坏降谌蔚箶?shù)第一句。可以看到前面有明顯的But，知道和前面的意思相反。“這個(gè)問題很難解決，需要高度的遠(yuǎn)見卓識(shí)，也需要城市當(dāng)局、私營(yíng)部門、社區(qū)團(tuán)體和文化組織之間的合作。但這是可以做到的：格拉斯哥作為歐洲文化之都的一年，可以被看作是一系列復(fù)雜的因素之一，這些因素把這座城市變成了藝術(shù)、音樂和戲劇的力量，直到今天。”

5.作者態(tài)度題，問作者對(duì)于這個(gè)建議的態(tài)度。第一段是提出該建議，第二段是一些人認(rèn)為這個(gè)建議有點(diǎn)吹噓，而只有最后一段能看出作者對(duì)此建議的態(tài)度：一個(gè)“文化之城”不僅僅是藝術(shù)之城，而且要尊重一個(gè)城市的特色——幫助維持它的商業(yè)街，支持當(dāng)?shù)氐脑O(shè)施，最重要的是贊美它的人民，并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為行動(dòng)。所以能看出是積極贊成的態(tài)度。

6.單選題

Hisargumentdoesnotsuggestthatmankindcan（）tobewastefulintheutilizationoftheseresources.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resort

B.grant

C.afford

D.entitle

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他的論據(jù)未標(biāo)明，人類在這些資源的使用上能浪費(fèi)得起。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。resort常去，求助，訴諸，resortto依靠，求助于；;grant授予，允許，承認(rèn)，grantto同意給予，準(zhǔn)予；afford給予，提供，承擔(dān)得起;affordto（有條件）做，承擔(dān)得起，負(fù)擔(dān)得起；entitle給……稱號(hào)，使……有權(quán)利。因此C符合句意。

7.單選題

Herjewelry（

）underthespotlightsandshebecamethedominantfigureattheball.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.glared

B.glittered

C.blazed

D.glowed

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義詞動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)動(dòng)詞都有發(fā)光的意思，glare強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)出耀眼的強(qiáng)光；glitter強(qiáng)調(diào)閃閃發(fā)光選；blaze強(qiáng)調(diào)火焰燃燒發(fā)出的強(qiáng)光；glow多指冶煉鐵和鋼時(shí)發(fā)出的光。題目中提到的是珠寶閃閃發(fā)光。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

Unlikephilosopherswhoconstructedtheoreticallyidealstates,shebuiltatheorybasedon（

）;thus,althoughherconstructsmayhavebeeninelegant,theywere（

）sound.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ellectually

B.surmise...scientifically

C.experience...empirically

D.conjecture...factually

【答案】C

【解析】名詞和副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)的intuition“直覺”；intellectually“智力上，理智地”；B選項(xiàng)的surmise“猜測(cè)，猜想”；scientifically“合乎科學(xué)地，系統(tǒng)地”；C選項(xiàng)的experience“經(jīng)驗(yàn)，閱歷”；empirically“以經(jīng)驗(yàn)為主地”；D選項(xiàng)的conjecture“推測(cè)，猜想，揣摩”；factually“事實(shí)地，確實(shí)地”。根據(jù)句意‘與那些構(gòu)建理論上完美理想狀態(tài)的哲學(xué)家不同，她以經(jīng)驗(yàn)為依據(jù)建立其理論，因此，盡管她的概念可能比較粗糙，但它們從經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的角度看卻是切實(shí)可行的’確定C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thephrase“progressiveeducation”isone,ifnotprotest,atleastofcontrast,ofcontrastwithaneducationwhichwaspredominantlystaticinsubject-matter,authoritarianinmethods,andmainlypassiveandreceptivefromthesideoftheyoung.Butthephilosophyofeducationmustgobeyondanyideaofeducationthatisformedbywayofcontrast,reactionandprotest,foritisanattempttodiscoverwhateducationisandhowittakesplace.Onlywhenweidentifyeducationwithschoolingdoesitseemtobeasimplethingtotellwhateducationactuallyis,andyetaclearideaofwhatitisgivesusouronlycriterionforjudginganddirectingwhatgoesoninschools.

Itissometimessupposedthatitisthebusinessofthephilosophyofeducationtotellwhateducationshouldbe.Buttheonlywayofdecidingwhateducationshouldbe,atleast,theonlywaywhichdoesnotleadusintotheclouds,isdiscoveryofwhateducationtakesplacewheneducationreallyoccurs.Andbeforewecanformulateaphilosophyofeducationwemustknowhumannatureisconstitutedintheconcrete;wemustknowabouttheworkingofactualsocialforces;wemustknowabouttheoperationsthroughwhichbasicrawmaterialsaremodifiedintosomethingofgreatervalue.Theneedforaphilosophyofeducationisthusfundamentallytheneedforfindingoutwhateducationreallyis.Wehavetotakethosecasesinwhichwefindthereisarealdevelopmentofdesirablepowers,andthenfindouthowthisdevelopmenttookplace.Thenwecanprojectwhathastakenplaceintheseinstancesasaguidefordirectingourotherefforts.Theneedforthisdiscoveryandthisprojectionistheneedforaphilosophyofeducation.

Whattheniseducationwhenwefindactualsatisfactoryspecimensofitinexistence?Inthefirstplace,itisaprocessofdevelopment,ofgrowth.Anditistheprocessandnotmerelytheresultthatisimportant.Atrulyhealthypersonisnotsomethingfixedandcompleted.Heisapersonwhoseprocessesandactivitiesgooninsuchawaythathewillcontinuetobehealthy.Similarly,aneducatedpersonisthepersonwhohasthepowertogoonandgetmoreeducation.

Inanycase,developmentandgrowthinvolvechange,modification,andmodificationindefinitedirections.Itisquitepossibleforateacher,underthesupposedsanctionoftheideaofcultivatingindividuality,tofixateapupilmoreorlessathisexistinglevel.Respectforindividualityisprimarilyintellectual.Itsignifiesstudyingtheindividualtoseewhatistheretoworkwith.Havingthissympatheticunderstanding,thepracticalworkthenbegins,forthepracticalworkisoneofmodification,ofchanging,ofreconstructioncontinuedwithoutend.Thechangemustatleastbetowardsmoreeffectivetechniques,towardsgreaterself-reliance,towardsamorethoughtfulandinquiringdisposition,onemorecapableofpersistenteffortinmeetingobstacles.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,thephilosophyofeducation（

）.

2.Thephilosophyofeducationissupposedto（

）.

3.Thechieftaskofthephilosophyofeducationisto（

）.

4.Thesignificanceofdesirableeducationlies（

）.

5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?（

），

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.isthesameastheconceptionofprogressiveeducation

B.studiestheessenceofeducationandthewayitoccurs

C.conformstoanyideaofeducationthatisconservativeandauthoritarian

D.dealswiththejudgmentanddirectionofschoolmanagement

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.resultfromrealunderstandingofoccurrencesinactualschooling

B.betheonlywayleadingtoobscureunderstandingofeducation

C.havetakenplacewheneducationfirstcameintoexistence

D.bethebasisonwhichdecisionsonpracticaleducationareformulated

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.analyzetheconstitutionofhumannatureingreatdetail

B.clarifythepracticaleffectsofsocialforcesoneducation

C.presenthowrawmaterialsaremadeintovaluablegoods

D.findoutthewaysofhowtobringoutthebesthumanfaculties

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.moreinitsoperationthaninitsmodification

B.lessinitsmodificationthaninitsoperation

C.notonlyinitsresultbutalsoinitsprocess

D.ratherinitsprocessthaninitsresult

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thesupposedapprovaloftheideaofcultivatingindividualityisreasonable.

B.Modificationreferstomakingapupildevelopinafixeddirection.

C.Torespectindividualitymeanstodiscoverwhetheranindividualisworthmodifying.

D.Trueeducationshouldbebasedoncultivatingastudentaccordingtohis/hernaturaltalent.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段第二句在解釋什么是“教育原理”時(shí)提到“itisanattempttodiscoverwhateducationisandhowittakesplace”，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.文章第二段第二句后半句“isdiscoveryofwhateducationtakesplacewheneducationreallyoccurs”，提到了如何定義教育。將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)與之匹配，可知選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.文章第二段提到Andbeforewecanformulateaphilosophyofeducationwemustknowhumannatureisconstitutedintheconcrete;wemustknowabouttheworkingofactualsocialforces;wemustknowabouttheoperationsthroughwhichbasicrawmaterialsaremodifiedintosomethingofgreatervalue.（在制定一個(gè)教育原理之前，我們需要知道人的本質(zhì)是如何構(gòu)成的，我們必須知道實(shí)際的社會(huì)力量的作用，我們必須知道如何將基礎(chǔ)原材料通過加工改造成更有價(jià)值的東西。）第三段最后一句話Similarly,andeducatedpersonisthepersonwhohasthepowertogoonandgetmoreeducation(一個(gè)受教育的人要有能力讓更多人受教育)。從這里可知，教育的主要目的是培養(yǎng)人的能力。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.文章第三段第二句和第三句原文“Inthefirstplace,itisaprocessofdevelopment,ofgrowth.Anditistheprocessandnotmerelytheresultthatisimportant”，選項(xiàng)C與之相符，符合題意。

5.文章最后一段提及到要“respectforindividualityisprimarilyintellectual”(尊重個(gè)性是最基本的、明智的)。所以可以推論出作者在強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，強(qiáng)調(diào)因材施教。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

10.單選題

Joyceislovedbyallherfriendsbecausesheisverycongenial.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pleasant

B.wealthy

C.courageous

D.sensitive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。congenial表示“意氣相投的，性格相似的，適意的”；A項(xiàng)pleasant“令人愉快的，舒適的，討人喜歡的”，B項(xiàng)wealthy“富有的，充分的”，C項(xiàng)courageous“有膽量的，勇敢的”，D項(xiàng)sensitive“敏感的，感覺的”。句意：?jiǎn)桃了挂驗(yàn)樾愿窈芟嗤?，所以她的朋友都很喜歡她。根據(jù)句意可知，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A項(xiàng)的意思符合句子。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Onlytwocountriesintheadvancedworldprovidenoguaranteeforpaidleavefromworktocareforanewbornchild.Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthatdubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin2011.Iwasn’tsurprisedwhenthisdidn’tmakethenewshereintheUnitedStates—we’renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.

TheUnitedStatesdoeshaveoneexplicitfamilypolicy,theFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct,passedin1993.Itentitlesworkerstoasmuchas12weeks’unpaidleaveforcareofanewbornordealingwithafamilymedicalproblem.Despitethemodestyofthebenefit,theChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsfoughtitbitterly,describingitas“government-runpersonnelmanagement”anda“dangerousprecedent”.Infact,everystepoftheway,as(usually)Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.

AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdependsondefiningthefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.InherbookNoExit:WhatParentsOweTheirChildrenandWhatSocietyOwesParents,shearguesthatparentsareburdenedinmanywaysintheirlives:thereis“noexit”whenitcomestochildren.“Societyexpects—andneeds—parentstoprovidetheirchildrenwithcontinuityofcare,meaningtheintensive,intimatecarethathumanbeingsneedtodeveloptheirintellectual,emotionalandmoralcapabilities.Andsocietyexpects—andneeds—parentstopersistintheirrolesfor18years,orlongerifneeded.”

Whilemostparentsdothisoutoflove,therearepublicpenaltiesfornotprovidingcare.Whatparentsdo,inotherwords,isofdeepconcerntothestate,fortheobviousreasonthatcaringforchildrenisnotonlymorallyurgentbutessentialforthefutureofsociety.Thestaterecognizesthisinthelargebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildren’swelfare,yetparentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.Toclassifyparentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityisnotmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistostealthosebenefitsbecausetheyaccruetothewholeofsocietyastoday’schildrenbecometomorrow,sproductivecitizenry.Infact,bysomeestimates,thevalueofparentalinvestmentsinchildren,investmentsoftimeandmoney(includinglostwages),isequalto20-30%ofgrossdomesticproduct.Iftheseinvestmentsgeneratehugesocialbenefits—astheyclearlydo—thebenefitsofprovidingmoresocialsupportforthefamilyshouldbethatmuchclearer.

1.Whatdowelearnaboutpaidfamilyleavefromthefirstparagraph?

2.Whathaspreventedthepassingofwork-familybalancelawsintheUnitedStates?

3.WhatisProfessorAnneAlston’sargumentforparentalsupport?

4.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofAmerica’slargebodyoffamilylawsgoverningchildren’swelfare?

5.Whydoestheauthorobjecttoclassifyingparentingasapersonalchoice?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.

B.IthasnowbecomeahottopicintheUnitedStates.

C.ItcameasasurprisewhenAustraliaadoptedthepolicy.

D.ItsmeaningwasclarifiedwhenitwasestablishedinAustralia.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheincompetenceoftheDemocrats.

B.TheexistingFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct.

C.ThelackofaprecedentinAmericanhistory.

D.Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thecosto￡raisingchildrenintheUShasbeengrowing.

B.Goodparentingbenefitssociety.

C.TheU.S.shouldkeepupwithotherdevelopedcountries.

D.Childrenneedcontinuouscare.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfailtoensurechildren,shealthygrowth

B.Thefailtoprovideenoughsupportforparents

C.Theyemphasizeparents’legalresponsibilities.

D.Theyimposethecareofchildrenonparents.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itisregardedasalegalobligation.

B.Itrelieslargelyonsocialsupport.

C.Itgenerateshugesocialbenefits.

D.Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家中，只有兩個(gè)國(guó)家不提供帶薪照顧新生兒的假期保障。去年澳大利亞也建立了帶薪探親假，而在美國(guó)卻還是沒有這項(xiàng)政策。所以根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Iwasn'tsurprised...we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.”可知，選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“work-family”定位到第二段的最后一句“Infact,everystep...businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.”選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.根據(jù)第三段的第一句“justifyingparentalsupport...mustpayfor.”選項(xiàng)B與原文描述相符。

4.根據(jù)第四段“Thestaterecognizes...parentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.”作者認(rèn)為美國(guó)龐大的監(jiān)管兒童福利的家庭法律不能夠給父母提供足夠的支持。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容“Toclassifyductivecitizenry.”將養(yǎng)育子女歸為一種個(gè)人選擇，沒有集體責(zé)任，這不僅僅是忽視良好養(yǎng)育的社會(huì)效益，實(shí)際上是在竊取這些福利。選項(xiàng)D這實(shí)際上是一個(gè)社會(huì)事業(yè)符合原文。

12.單選題

Manycitizensappealedtothecitygovernmentforenacting（）lawstoprotecttheconsumers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lavish

B.equivocal

C.stringent

D.flabby

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。lavish“浪費(fèi)的；豐富的”；equivocal“模棱兩可的，可疑的”；stringent“嚴(yán)厲的；迫切的”；flabby“松弛的，軟弱的，優(yōu)柔寡斷的”。句意：許多市民呼吁市政府頒布嚴(yán)厲的法律來保護(hù)消費(fèi)者的權(quán)益。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

13.單選題

Workersinthefinearts（

）thoughtsandfeelingsthroughtheircreativeworks.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transmit

B.elaborate

C.convey

D.contribute

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)transmit表示“傳輸”；B項(xiàng)elaborate表示“精心制作，詳細(xì)描述”；C項(xiàng)convey表示“傳達(dá)”；D項(xiàng)contribute表示“貢獻(xiàn)”。根據(jù)句意可知，精細(xì)工藝的工人通過有創(chuàng)造性的作品來思想和感情。因此，本題選擇C項(xiàng)最符合句意。

14.單選題

Toeveryone'ssurprise,thewomancandidatefromasmallparty（

）thepollinthefirstroundofvoting.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eclipsed

B.outshined

C.topped

D.deprived

【答案】C

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。eclipse“遮住……的光”;outshine“使相形見絀”；top“超過”；deprive“剝奪，使喪失”。句意：讓每個(gè)人驚訝的是，來自一個(gè)小政黨的女候選人在第一輪投票中領(lǐng)先。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

15.單選題

Well,you'reatallmanandyoucancarryagooddealofweightwithoutlookingawkward.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inconvenient

B.funny

C.untidy

D.clumsy

【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)句意可知，awkward意為笨拙的。inconvenient不便的；funny有趣的；untidy凌亂的，懶散的；clumsy笨拙的。選項(xiàng)D與之意思相近。

16.單選題

Ahushfellovertheguestswhohad（

）fortheweddingcelebration.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assembled

B.participated

C.attended

D.summoned

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。assemble“集合，聚集”；participate“參與，分享”；attend“參加”；summon“召喚，召集”。句意：為結(jié)婚慶典而聚在一起的客人們安靜下來了。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

17.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish(15%)

在團(tuán)隊(duì)內(nèi)部建立友誼

團(tuán)隊(duì)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者耍懂得如何利用友誼的力量來加強(qiáng)團(tuán)隊(duì)合作。在正式的團(tuán)體會(huì)議中，營(yíng)造一種輕松、友好的氣氛非常重要。要努力創(chuàng)造一種氛圍使每個(gè)成員的發(fā)言都得到充分的尊重，讓每個(gè)人可以暢所欲言。想做到這一點(diǎn)，就要使隊(duì)員們盡量以朋友，而非同事的方式，來處理相互關(guān)系；鼓勵(lì)每個(gè)成員在工作、會(huì)議之外進(jìn)行交談，多作接觸，在輕松的氣氛中自由地交