考研考博-英語-內(nèi)蒙古師范大學鴻德學院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-內(nèi)蒙古師范大學鴻德學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Themagicianpickedseveralpersons（）fromtheaudienceandaskedthemtohelpwiththeperformance.

問題1選項

A.byaccident

B.atrandom

C.onoccasion

D.onaverage

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項byaccident“偶爾、意外地”；B選項atrandom“隨意地、隨機的”；C選項onoccasion“有時、不時地”；D選項onaverage“平均”，句意為：魔術(shù)師從觀眾中挑選了幾個人，請他們幫忙表演。挑選觀眾是隨機地，因此選項B符合題意。

2.翻譯題

Accordingtoagrowingbodyofexperience,thechemicalsthatmakeupmanyplasticsmaymigrateoutofthematerialandintofoodsandfluids,endingupinyourbody.

【答案】根據(jù)越來越多的親身體驗，許多制成塑料制品的化學用品可能會移動到食物和流體上，最終進入你的體內(nèi)。

3.單選題

PelerEigen,65-year-old,chairmanofTransparencyInternational,theglobalanti-corruptionwatchdog,isproudofalargephotographonhisofficewall.ItpictureshimalongsideMwaiKibaki,theKenyanpresident,andJamesWolfensohn,presidentoftheWorldBank.

Thepicture,takenshortlyafterMr.Kibaki’sinaugurationinJanuary,showsthethreemeninfriendlydiscussionatameetinginNairobi,theKenyancapital.“ThisphotoisveryspecialbecauseitshowshowfarTransparencyInternationalhascomesincewesetitup10yearsago，”saysMr.Eigenwithasmile.

Beforeleadingagroupoffriendsin1993toformTIinaone-roomBerlinoffice,Mr.EigenworkedattheWorldBankfor25years.HisfinalpositionwasseniorprogrammemanagerineastAfrica,basedinNairobi.（1）“Iwastoldthatfightingcorruptionwasnotpartofthebank’smandate,”hesays.

ThisledhimtoleaveKenyaandthebankandstartcampaigning.

Thepictureshowshowthingshavecomefullcircle.

（2）

About60peopleworkinthehead-quartersinwestBerlin.TI’sannualCorruptionPerceptionsIndex,rankingnationalcorruptionlevels,hasbecomeabenchmarkformanygovernments.

（3）

“Thiswouldhavebeenunthinkable”afewyearsago,Mr.Eigensays.

Aseriesofclosed-doormeetingsinthemid-1990sinBerlinwithchiefexecutivesfromleadingGermanmultinationalslaidthegroundworkforinternationalaction.“Wemovedtheexecutivesfrombeingdefensivetoadmittingthattherewasabigproblem.

（4）

“

Ti’ssolutionwasjointpressurefromthecompaniesonthegovernmenttosigntheOECDconventionagainstbribe-payingand,later,thesigningofagreementsbetweencompaniesnottousebriberytowincontracts.

（5）

Mr.EigenarguesthatTPsapproach,basedon“buildingcoalitions,notonconfrontation,”hasbroughtresults.

問題1選項

A.TInowhasaglobalreachinitsinformationcampaignsandlobbyingwork,supportingnationalgroupsinmorethan100countries.

B.Thencametheimportantquestion:howdowestopbribingwithoutlosingbusinesstocompaniesthatstilldoit?

C.OneexampleistheGermanchapterofTI,whichhasmorethan30membercompanies,includingSiemens,Lufthans,BASFandDaimlerChrysler.

D.There,heobservednotonlycorruptioninhisdealingswiththegovernmentofDanjelArapMoi,presidentatthetime,butalsotheunwillingnessofthebanktodoanythingaboutit.

E.TIhasbeeninstrumentalinputtingcorruptionontheworldagenda,includingintheUnitedNations.

F.TTsapproachofworkingcloselywithcompaniestocombatcorruptioncontrastswiththetacticsofmanyotherpressuregroups.

問題2選項

A.TInowhasaglobalreachinitsinformationcampaignsandlobbyingwork,supportingnationalgroupsinmorethan100countries.

B.Thencametheimportantquestion:howdowestopbribingwithoutlosingbusinesstocompaniesthatstilldoit?

C.OneexampleistheGermanchapterofTI,whichhasmorethan30membercompanies,includingSiemens,Lufthans,BASFandDaimlerChrysler.

D.There,heobservednotonlycorruptioninhisdealingswiththegovernmentofDanjelArapMoi,presidentatthetime,butalsotheunwillingnessofthebanktodoanythingaboutit.

E.TIhasbeeninstrumentalinputtingcorruptionontheworldagenda,includingintheUnitedNations.

F.TTsapproachofworkingcloselywithcompaniestocombatcorruptioncontrastswiththetacticsofmanyotherpressuregroups.

問題3選項

A.TInowhasaglobalreachinitsinformationcampaignsandlobbyingwork,supportingnationalgroupsinmorethan100countries.

B.Thencametheimportantquestion:howdowestopbribingwithoutlosingbusinesstocompaniesthatstilldoit?

C.OneexampleistheGermanchapterofTI,whichhasmorethan30membercompanies,includingSiemens,Lufthans,BASFandDaimlerChrysler.

D.There,heobservednotonlycorruptioninhisdealingswiththegovernmentofDanjelArapMoi,presidentatthetime,butalsotheunwillingnessofthebanktodoanythingaboutit.

E.TIhasbeeninstrumentalinputtingcorruptionontheworldagenda,includingintheUnitedNations.

F.TTsapproachofworkingcloselywithcompaniestocombatcorruptioncontrastswiththetacticsofmanyotherpressuregroups.

問題4選項

A.TInowhasaglobalreachinitsinformationcampaignsandlobbyingwork,supportingnationalgroupsinmorethan100countries.

B.Thencametheimportantquestion:howdowestopbribingwithoutlosingbusinesstocompaniesthatstilldoit?

C.OneexampleistheGermanchapterofTI,whichhasmorethan30membercompanies,includingSiemens,Lufthans,BASFandDaimlerChrysler.

D.There,heobservednotonlycorruptioninhisdealingswiththegovernmentofDanjelArapMoi,presidentatthetime,butalsotheunwillingnessofthebanktodoanythingaboutit.

E.TIhasbeeninstrumentalinputtingcorruptionontheworldagenda,includingintheUnitedNations.

F.TTsapproachofworkingcloselywithcompaniestocombatcorruptioncontrastswiththetacticsofmanyotherpressuregroups.

問題5選項

A.TInowhasaglobalreachinitsinformationcampaignsandlobbyingwork,supportingnationalgroupsinmorethan100countries.

B.Thencametheimportantquestion:howdowestopbribingwithoutlosingbusinesstocompaniesthatstilldoit?

C.OneexampleistheGermanchapterofTI,whichhasmorethan30membercompanies,includingSiemens,Lufthans,BASFandDaimlerChrysler.

D.There,heobservednotonlycorruptioninhisdealingswiththegovernmentofDanjelArapMoi,presidentatthetime,butalsotheunwillingnessofthebanktodoanythingaboutit.

E.TIhasbeeninstrumentalinputtingcorruptionontheworldagenda,includingintheUnitedNations.

F.TTsapproachofworkingcloselywithcompaniestocombatcorruptioncontrastswiththetacticsofmanyotherpressuregroups.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:E

第4題:B

第5題:F

【解析】1.聯(lián)系上下文。空格句子的前句提及PeterEigen曾經(jīng)的職務(wù)，后句提及反腐并

不是銀行的工作。結(jié)合前后文可以判斷，空格處句子應(yīng)含有corruption和bank這樣的單詞。選項D符合條件。

2.分析原文第五段的內(nèi)容可知，本段內(nèi)容主要是關(guān)于TI公司的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀。選項A與段落意思一致。

3.聯(lián)系上下文。空格前一句講到了公司提供的年度腐敗指數(shù)成為很多政府的基準。后一句提到這在幾年前還難以置信。前后兩句都是談?wù)摰墓居绊懥?。由此可知，空格處句子也?yīng)該與公司影響有關(guān)。選項E中提及公司的反腐已經(jīng)提上世界日程，包括聯(lián)合國。符合語境。

4.聯(lián)系上下文。空格前一句中提到“abigproblem”，接下來的內(nèi)容就與這一重要問題相關(guān)。選項B中的thencametheimportantproblem與前文遙相呼應(yīng)。

5.聯(lián)系上下文?？崭窈笠痪涮峒肮镜牟呗?approach)是公司之間的合作(coalitions),

而非對抗?？崭袼诰渲袘?yīng)出現(xiàn)approach這一單詞，選項F中的workingclose與coalition呼應(yīng)。

4.單選題

Somepeopleholdthat,sinceweliveinamoneyorientedsociety,theaverageindividualcareslittleaboutsolving（）problems.

問題1選項

A.anyoneelses’

B.anyone’selse

C.anyoneelse’s

D.anyone

【答案】C

【解析】anyoneelse“別的任何人”，其所有格形式應(yīng)在else后，即anyoneelse’；anyone不應(yīng)分開寫，else不是名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。

5.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

Handinhandwiththerecentspectacularadvancesinradiotechnology,therehasbeenadramaticincreaseinthescientificandpublicrespectabilityoftheentiresubjectofextraterrestriallife.AclearsignofthenewattitudeistheVikingmissionstoMarswhicharetoasignificantextentdedicatedtothesearchforlifeonanotherplanet.Butalongwiththeburgeoningdedicationtoaserioussearch,aslightlynegativenotehasemergedwhichisneverthelessveryinteresting.Afewscientistshavelatelyaskedacuriousquestion:ifextraterrestrialintelligenceisabundantwhyhavewenotalreadyseenitsmanifestations?Thinkoftheadvancesbyourowntechnologicalcivilizationinthepasttenthousandyearsandimaginesuchadvancescontinuedovermillionsorbillionsofyearsmore.Ifonlyatinyfractionofadvancedcivilizationsaremillionsorbillionsofyearsmoreadvancedthanours,whyhavetheynotproducedartifactsdevicesorevenindustrialpollutionofsuchmagnitudethatwewouldhavedetectedit?

【答案】隨著無線電技術(shù)的突飛猛進，科學界和公眾對外太空生物這一個課題的認識有了極大的提高。這種新態(tài)度明顯的標志事件就是向火星發(fā)射“海盜”號火星探測器。這些發(fā)射在很大程度上是致力于去尋找其他星球上的生物。但是隨著對這項研究的不斷投入，出現(xiàn)了一些帶否定意味但是很有趣的聲音。近來少數(shù)科學家提出了一個奇怪的疑問：如果外太空生物多的話為什么我們沒有看到任何相關(guān)跡象？想想我們在過去一萬年里科技文明的進步。再設(shè)想一下，這些進步將持續(xù)數(shù)百萬甚至十億年的時間。如果有某個地方的文明比我們的文明先進數(shù)百萬年或者數(shù)十億年，他們?yōu)槭裁床荒苌a(chǎn)出一些物件，器械裝置和我們本應(yīng)該檢測到的大量的工業(yè)污染？

6.單選題

Variousinnovationshavebeenintroducedaswaystobreakoffoursystemwhichforcesstudentsthroughaseriousofidenticalclassroomsinwhichteachersdomostofthetalkingandstudentshavelittleopportunitytorespond.Amongtheseinnovationsareteamteachingandteachingaides,non-gradedelementaryandsecondaryschools,independentstudy,curriculafocusedonhelpingstudentsdiscoverthingsforthemselvesratherthanontryingtotellthemeverything,andschoolsdesignedformaximumflexibilitysothatstudentscanworkalone,orinsmallgroups,ortakepartinlarge--groupinstructionviadiversemedia.Theaimofalltheseinnovationsistoadaptinstructionmorepreciselytotheneedsofeachindividualstudent.Manypeoplewhohaveastrongdisliketoorganizinginstructionscientificallyandtobringingnewtechnologyintotheschoolsandcollegesfailtorealizethatthepresentsystemisinmanyrespectsmechanicalandrigid.Thevastdifferencesinthewaysstudentslearnaredisregardedwhentheyaretaughtthesamething,inthesameway,atthesametime.Thereisnoescapingtheevidencethatmanystudentsthemselvesfeellittleenthusiasmandevenoutrighthostilityforthepresentwayschoolsandcollegesareorganizedandinstructionishandled.Manyofthemresenttechnology,butwhattheyobjecttoisusuallytechnologyusedasameansforhandlingalargenumberofstudents.Oritisprogrammingwhichmerelyreproducesconventionalclassroomrespondsandlearns,reachingnewplateausfromwhichtoclimbtohigherlevelsofunderstanding.Technologicalmediacanstoreinformationuntilitisneededorwanted.Theycandistributeitoverdistancestoreachthestudentswherehehappenstobe.Theycanpresenttheinformationtothestudentthroughvarioussenses.Theycangivethestudenttheopportunitytoreacttothematerialinmanyways.Inshort,thestudents’opportunitiesforlearningcanbeincreasedandenhancedbyusingawiderangeofinstructionaltechnology.Alltheavailableresourcesforinstruction,includingtheteachers,canworktogethertocreateconditionsformaximumeffectivelearning.

1.Theauthorismainlyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthearticlethatagoodeducationalsystemmust（

）.

3.Thenegativereactionsofstudentstotechnologyaretheresultof

（

）.

4.Allofthefollowingarementionedasacapabilityaretheresultof

（

）.

問題1選項

A.providingthepossibilityforstudentstotakethecoursestheywant

B.makingtechnologyanactivetoolintheschool

C.relievingtheteacherfromroutineduties

D.meetingtheneedsofeachstudent

問題2選項

A.notdependonteachers

B.makeuseofvaryingmethodsofteaching

C.placearenewedemphasisonscience

D.notorganizetheirinstruction

問題3選項

A.unknownfactors

B.ageneralhostilitytowardeducation

C.itsmisuse

D.itsnewnessintheschools

問題4選項

A.makeiteasierforstudentstoobtainneededinformation

B.providemanywaysofteachingthesamething

C.makelearningeasyandfun

D.providestudentswithenrollmentexam

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)原文第三句“Theaimofalltheseinnovationsistoadaptinstructionmorepreciselytotheneedsofeachindividualstudent.所有這些創(chuàng)新的目的是調(diào)整教學使之更加精確來適應(yīng)每個學生的需要。”由此可知，作者最關(guān)心的是滿足每個學生的需求。選項D正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文最后一句“Alltheavailableresourcesforinstruction,includingtheteachers,canworktogethertocreateconditionsformaximumeffectivelearning.所有可用的教學資源，包括教師，可以共同努力，為最大限度地有效學習創(chuàng)造條件?！庇纱丝赏茰y，選項B正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第七句“Manyofthemresenttechnology,butwhattheyobjecttoisusuallytechnologyusedasameansforhandlingalargenumberofstudents.他們（學生）中的許多人討厭技術(shù)，但他們反對的通常是技術(shù)被用作處理大量學生的手段?！币簿褪钦f，大多數(shù)學生反對技術(shù)是因為技術(shù)被錯誤的使用，所以選項C正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文后半部分“Theycanpresenttheinformationtothestudentthroughvarioussenses.Theycangivethestudenttheopportunitytoreacttothematerialinmanyways.Inshort,thestudents’opportunitiesforlearningcanbeincreasedandenhancedbyusingawiderangeofinstructionaltechnology.它們（技術(shù)）可以通過各種判斷把信息呈現(xiàn)給學生。它們可以給學生機會，以多種方式對事物作出反應(yīng)?？傊瑢W生的學習機會可以通過使用廣泛的教學技術(shù)來增加和提高。”由此可知，只有選項D沒有提及，所以本題選D。

7.單選題

Themagicianpickedseveralpersons（

）fromtheaudienceandaskedthemtohelp

himwiththeperformance.

問題1選項

A.byaccident

B.onoccasion

C.onaverage

D.atrandom

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。Byaccident“偶然地”；onoccasion“有時”；onaverage“平均地”；atrandom“隨意地，任意地”。句意：魔術(shù)師從觀眾中隨便挑了幾個人協(xié)助他進行表演。選項D符合題意。

8.單選題

Althougharchitecturehasartisticqualities,itmustalsosatisfyanumberofimportantpractical（）.

問題1選項

A.obligations

B.regulations

C.observations

D.considerations

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項obligations“義務(wù)，債務(wù)”；B選項regulations“條例，規(guī)程”；C選項observations“觀察，觀察值”；D選項considerations“考慮，注意事項”。句意：雖然建筑具有藝術(shù)性，但它也必須滿足一些重要的實際_____。本句表達的意思是，雖然具有藝術(shù)性，但是還是要滿足一些重要的實際注意事項。因此D選項符合題意。

9.單選題

XI.IntellectualPropertyLaw

Section106oftheCopyrightActgrants“theownerofcopyrightunderthistitle”certain“exclusiverights,”includingtheright“todistributecopies...ofthecopyrightedworktothepublicbysaleorothertransferofownership.”Theserightsarequalified,however,bytheapplicationofvariouslimitationssetforthinthenextseveralsectionsoftheAct,107through122.Thosesections,typicallyentitled“Limitationsonexclusiverights,”include,forexample,theprincipleof“fairuse”(107),permissionforlimitedlibraryarchivalreproduction,(108),andthedoctrineatissuehere,the“firstsale”doctrine(109).

Section109(a)setsforththe“firstsale”doctrineasfollows:“Notwithstandingtheprovisionsofsection106(3)[thesectionthatgrantstheownerexclusivedistributionrights],theownerofaparticularcopyorphonorecordlawfullymadeunderthistitle…isentitled,withouttheauthorityofthecopyrightowner,tosellorotherwisedisposeofthepossessionofthatcopyorphonorecord”,Thus,eventhough106(3)forbidsdistributionofacopyof,say,thecopyrightednovelHerzogwithoutthecopyrightowner’spermission,109(a)addsthat,onceacopyofHerzoghasbeenlawfullysold(oritsownershipotherwiselawfullytransferred),thebuyerofthatcopyandsubsequentownersarefreetodisposeofitastheywish.Incopyrightjargon,the“firstsale”has“exhausted”thecopyrightowner’s106(3)exclusivedistributionright.

What,however,ifthecopyofHerzogwasprintedabroadandtheninitiallysoldwiththecopyrightowner’spermission?Doesthe“firstsale”doctrinestillapply?IsthebuyerfreetobringthecopyintotheUnitedStatesanddisposeofitasheorshewishes?Toputthemattertechnically,an“importation”provision,602(a)(1),saysthat“importationintotheUnitedStates,withouttheauthorityoftheownerofcopyrightunderthistitle,ofcopies...ofaworkthathavebeenacquiredoutsidetheUnitedStatesisaninfringementoftheexclusiverighttodistributecopies…undersection106…”Thus602(a)(1)makesclearthatimportingacopywithoutpermissionviolatestheowner’sexclusivedistributionright.Butindoingso,602(a)(1)refersexplicitlytothe106(3)exclusivedistributionright.Aswehavejustsaid,106isbyitsterms“subjectto”thevariousdoctrinesandprinciplescontainedin107through122,including109(a)’s“firstsale”limitation.Dothosesamemodificationsapply—inparticular,doesthe“firstsale”modificationapply—whenconsideringwhether602(a)(1)prohibitsimportingacopy?

1.Whichwordisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“qualified”inthefirstparagraph?

2.Fromthesecondparagraph,onecanknowthatthe“firstsale”doctrine___.

3.Whatquestionistheauthoraskinginthelastparagraph?

4.Fromtheaboveparagraphs,weknowthatthestatementof___isnottrue.

問題1選項

A.restricted

B.limited

C.eligible

D.certified

問題2選項

A.permitsownerofaparticularcopytodisposeofitastheywish

B.isacopyrightjargonthatordinarypeopledonotuse

C.setslimitationtoacopyrightowner’sexclusivedistributionright

D.forbidsdistributionofacopyofthecopyrightednovelHerzogwithoutthecopyrightowner’spermission

問題3選項

A.WastheHerzogprintedabroadandthensoldwiththecopyrightowner’spermission?

B.IsthebuyerfreetobringacopyintotheUnitedStatesanddisposeofitashe/shewishes?

C.Does602(a)(1)prohibitsimportingacopy?

D.Doesthe“firstsale”doctrineapplywhenacopyisinitiallysoldabroadwiththepermissionofthecopyrightowner?

問題4選項

A.Acopyrightowner’sdistributionrightisunlimited.

B.107through122containvariousdoctrinesandprincipleslimitingtherightsconferredby106.

C.602(a)(1)grantsacopyrightownerimportationright.

D.Copyrightsconferredby106arenotunlimited.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】1.詞義辨析題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段Theserightsarequalified,however,bytheapplicationofvariouslimitationssetforthinthenextseveralsectionsoftheAct,107through122.（然而，這些權(quán)利是有限制的，這些限制將在法案接下來的107至122節(jié)中提出），根據(jù)句子中l(wèi)imitations“限制；局限性”可推測qualified表示“限制”，被動語態(tài)；A選項“限制；約束；限定（強調(diào)約束，這種約束大多來自法律等約束性文件）”；B選項“限制；限定（強調(diào)時間，范圍，數(shù)量的限制）”；C選項“合格的，合適的；符合條件的；有資格當選的”；D選項“證明；保證”。因此A選項正確

2.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段Thus,eventhough106(3)forbidsdistributionofacopyof,say,thecopyrightednovelHerzogwithoutthecopyrightowner’spermission,109(a)addsthat,onceacopyofHerzoghasbeenlawfullysold(oritsownershipotherwiselawfullytransferred),thebuyerofthatcopyandsubsequentownersarefreetodisposeofitastheywish.Incopyrightjargon,the“firstsale”has“exhausted”thecopyrightowner’s106(3)exclusivedistributionright.（因此，即使106（3）禁止分發(fā)一份，說，這部小說版權(quán)赫爾佐格未經(jīng)著作權(quán)人許可，109（a）補充道，一旦赫爾佐格的一個副本被依法出售（或其所有權(quán)否則依法轉(zhuǎn)移），買方的復(fù)制和隨后的所有者可以按照他們的想法自由處置它。用版權(quán)術(shù)語來說，“首次銷售”已經(jīng)“耗盡”了版權(quán)所有者的106（3）獨家經(jīng)銷權(quán)）可知選C選項“對版權(quán)所有人的獨家發(fā)行權(quán)設(shè)置限制”，D選項“禁止未經(jīng)版權(quán)所有者的許可發(fā)行受版權(quán)保護的小說赫爾佐格的副本”屬于106（3）的內(nèi)容而不是“首次銷售”原則，錯誤，同時可知A選項“允許某一特定副本的所有者按照他們的意愿處理它”錯誤；B選項“是一個普通人不會使用的版權(quán)術(shù)語”在第二段未提及。因此C選項正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段What,however,ifthecopyofHerzogwasprintedabroadandtheninitiallysoldwiththecopyrightowner’spermission?Doesthe“firstsale”doctrinestillapply?IsthebuyerfreetobringthecopyintotheUnitedStatesanddisposeofitasheorshewishes?（然而，如果赫爾佐格的復(fù)制品在國外印刷，然后在版權(quán)所有者的允許下最初出售，那會怎么樣呢?“首次銷售”原則還適用嗎？買家是否可以自由地將復(fù)印件帶入美國并按照他或她的意愿進行處理？）可知D選項“在版權(quán)所有人許可下，最初在國外出售副本時，‘首次出售’原則是否適用？”符合原文，同時可知A選項“《赫爾佐格》是先在國外印刷，然后在版權(quán)所有者的許可下出售的嗎?”錯誤，B選項“買方是否可以攜帶一份復(fù)印件進入美國并按照他/她的意愿處理”這個問題是建立在D選項的前提上，需要有前提，而不是直接這么作為問題；最后一段最后一句Dothosesamemodificationsapply—inparticular,doesthe“firstsale”modificationapply—whenconsideringwhether602(a)(1)prohibitsimportingacopy?（當考慮602（a）（1）是否禁止進口副本時，這些相同的修改適用嗎？特別是“首次銷售”修改適用嗎？）可知C選項“602（a）（1）”和原文不符。因此D選項正確。

4.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Section106oftheCopyrightActgrants“theownerofcopyrightunderthistitle”certain“exclusiverights,”includingtheright“todistributecopies...ofthecopyrightedworktothepublicbysaleorothertransferofownership.”（《版權(quán)法》第106節(jié)授予“版權(quán)所有人”某些“專有權(quán)”，包括“分發(fā)副本……將受版權(quán)保護的作品出售或以其他方式轉(zhuǎn)讓給公眾”）可知A選項“著作權(quán)人的發(fā)行權(quán)是無限的”符合原文；根據(jù)第一段第二句Theserightsarequalified,however,bytheapplicationofvariouslimitationssetforthinthenextseveralsectionsoftheAct,107through122.（然而，這些權(quán)利是有限制的，這些限制將在法案接下來的107至122節(jié)中提出）可知B選項“107至122包含限制106所賦予的權(quán)利的各種學說和原則”符合原文；根據(jù)第二段最后一句Incopyrightjargon,the“firstsale”has“exhausted”thecopyrightowner’s106(3)exclusivedistributionright.（用版權(quán)術(shù)語來說，“首次銷售”已經(jīng)“耗盡”了版權(quán)所有者的106（3）獨家經(jīng)銷權(quán)）可知D選項“106授予的版權(quán)不是無限的”符合原文；C選項“602（a）（1）授予版權(quán)所有人進口權(quán)”原文未提及。因此C選項符合題意。

10.單選題

It’sabsolutely（）thatyougetthatformsentoffbythetwenty-thirdofthismonth.

問題1選項

A.vital

B.fatal

C.mortal

D.neutral

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。vital“至關(guān)重要的，生死攸關(guān)的”；fatal“致命的；重大的；毀滅性的”；mortal“凡人的；致死的”；neutral“中立的，中性的”。句意：你這個月二十三號把那個表格寄出去，這非常重要。選項A符合題意。

11.單選題

Howmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubsistence,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.Increasingaffluence,theriseoffamilieswithmorethanonewageearner,thegrowingpredominanceofsecondaryearnersamongtheunemployed,andimprovedsocialwelfareprotectionhaveunquestionablymitigatedtheconsequencesofjoblessness.Earningsandincomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultiple-earner,relativelyaffluentfamilies.Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.

Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.Theunemploymentcountsexcludethemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.Lowwagesandrepeatedorprolongedunemploymentfrequentlyinteracttounderminethecapacityforself-support.Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffer.Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherworkingpart-timebecauseoftheinabilitytofindfull-timework,orelseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.Finally,incometransfersinourcountryhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandin-kindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailinginthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected.

Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherthosesufferingseriouslyasaresultoflabormarketproblemsnumberinthehundredsofthousandsorthetensofmillions,and,hence,whetherhighlevelsofjoblessnesscanbetoleratedormustbecounteredbyjobcreationandeconomicstimulus.Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequateforoneoftheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems.

1.Whichofthefollowingistheprincipaltopicofthepassage?

2.Theauthoruses“l(fā)abormarketproblems”inlines1torefertowhichofthefollowing?

3.Theauthorcontraststhe1930swiththepresentinordertoshowthat（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingproposalsbestrespondstotheissuesraisedbytheauthor?

5.Theauthor’spurposeincitingthosewhoarerepeatedlyunemployedduringatwelve-monthperiodismostprobablytoshowthat（）.

6.Theauthorstatesthatthemitigatingeffectofsocialprogramsinvolvingincometransfersontheincomeleveloflow-incomepeopleisoftennotfeltby（）.

7.Accordingtothepassage,onefactorthatcausesunemploymentandearningsfigurestoover-predicttheamountofeconomichardshipisthe（）.

8.Theconclusionstatedinlines15-19aboutthenumberofpeoplewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenessdependsprimarilyonthepointthat（）.

9.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,isthebestcriticismoftheauthor’sargumentconcerningwhypovertystatisticscannotproperlybeusedtoshowtheeffectsofproblemsinthelabormarket?

問題1選項

A.Whatcauseslabormarketpathologiesthatresultinsuffering

B.Whyincomemeasuresareimpreciseinmeasuringdegreesofpoverty

C.Wheretheareasofagreementareamongpoverty,employment,andearningsfigures

D.Howsocialstatisticsgiveanunclearpictureofthedegreeofhardshipcausedbylowwagesandinsufficientemploymentopportunities

問題2選項

A.Theoverallcausesofpoverty

B.Deficienciesinthetrainingoftheworkforce

C.Traderelationshipsamongproducersofgoods

D.Shortagesofjobsprovidingadequateincome

問題3選項

A.morepeoplewereunemployedinthe1930s

B.unemploymentnowhaslesssevereeffects

C.socialprogramsaremoreneedednow

D.therenowisagreaterproportionofelderlyandhandicappedpeopleamongthoseinpoverty

問題4選項

A.Innovativeprogramsusingmultipleapproachesshouldbesetuptoreducethelevelofunemployment.

B.Acompromiseshouldbefoundbetweenthepositionsofthosewhoviewjoblessnessasanevilgreaterthaneconomiccontrolandthosewhoholdtheoppositeview.

C.Newstatisticalindicesshouldbedevelopedtomeasurethedegreetowhichunemploymentandinadequatelypaidemploymentcausesuffering.

D.Considerationshouldbegiventothewaysinwhichstatisticscanactaspartialcausesofthephenomenathattheypurporttomeasure.

問題5選項

A.thereareseveralfactorsthatcausethepaymentoflowwagestosomemembersofthelaborforce

B.unemploymentstatisticscanunderestimatethehardshipresultingfromjoblessness

C.recurrentinadequaciesinthelabormarketcanexistandcancausehardshipsforindividualworkers

D.amajorityofthosewhoarejoblessatanyonetimedonotsufferseverehardship

問題6選項

A.theemployedpoor

B.dependentchildreninsingle-earnerfamilies

C.workerswhobecomedisabled

D.retiredworkers

問題7選項

A.recurrenceofperiodsofunemploymentforagroupoflow-wageworkers

B.possibilitythatearningsmaybereceivedfrommorethanonejobperworker

C.establishmentofasystemofrecord-keepingthatmakesitpossibletocompilepovertystatistics

D.prevalence,amonglow-wageworkersandtheunemployed,ofmembersoffamiliesinwhichothersareemployed

問題8選項

A.intimesofhighunemployment,therearesomepeoplewhodonotremainunemployedforlong

B.thecapacityforself-supportdependsonreceiv