考研考博-英語(yǔ)-寧德師范學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-寧德師范學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

Handinhandwiththerecentspectacularadvancesinradiotechnology,therehasbeenadramaticincreaseinthescientificandpublicrespectabilityoftheentiresubjectofextraterrestriallife.AclearsignofthenewattitudeistheVikingmissionstoMarswhicharetoasignificantextentdedicatedtothesearchforlifeonanotherplanet.Butalongwiththeburgeoningdedicationtoaserioussearch,aslightlynegativenotehasemergedwhichisneverthelessveryinteresting.Afewscientistshavelatelyaskedacuriousquestion:ifextraterrestrialintelligenceisabundantwhyhavewenotalreadyseenitsmanifestations?Thinkoftheadvancesbyourowntechnologicalcivilizationinthepasttenthousandyearsandimaginesuchadvancescontinuedovermillionsorbillionsofyearsmore.Ifonlyatinyfractionofadvancedcivilizationsaremillionsorbillionsofyearsmoreadvancedthanours,whyhavetheynotproducedartifactsdevicesorevenindustrialpollutionofsuchmagnitudethatwewouldhavedetectedit?

【答案】隨著無(wú)線電技術(shù)的突飛猛進(jìn)，科學(xué)界和公眾對(duì)外太空生物這一個(gè)課題的認(rèn)識(shí)有了極大的提高。這種新態(tài)度明顯的標(biāo)志事件就是向火星發(fā)射“海盜”號(hào)火星探測(cè)器。這些發(fā)射在很大程度上是致力于去尋找其他星球上的生物。但是隨著對(duì)這項(xiàng)研究的不斷投入，出現(xiàn)了一些帶否定意味但是很有趣的聲音。近來(lái)少數(shù)科學(xué)家提出了一個(gè)奇怪的疑問(wèn)：如果外太空生物多的話為什么我們沒(méi)有看到任何相關(guān)跡象？想想我們?cè)谶^(guò)去一萬(wàn)年里科技文明的進(jìn)步。再設(shè)想一下，這些進(jìn)步將持續(xù)數(shù)百萬(wàn)甚至十億年的時(shí)間。如果有某個(gè)地方的文明比我們的文明先進(jìn)數(shù)百萬(wàn)年或者數(shù)十億年，他們?yōu)槭裁床荒苌a(chǎn)出一些物件，器械裝置和我們本應(yīng)該檢測(cè)到的大量的工業(yè)污染？

2.單選題

Beforeadrugisapprovedandlaunchedintothemarket,asignificantamountoftimeandmoneyisspentinanefforttoselectthemosteffectiveonefromseveraldrug（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adversaries

B.candidates

C.volunteers

D.manufacturers

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.adversaries對(duì)手；敵人B.candidates候選人；候選者

C.volunteers志愿者D.manufacturers制造商

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】在一種藥物被批準(zhǔn)并投入市場(chǎng)之前，要花費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間和金錢從多種……藥物中選擇最有效的那種。由本句句意可知選擇最有效的，是要從眾多候選、待選的藥物中進(jìn)行選擇，所以B選項(xiàng)“候選人，候選者”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合句意。

【句意】在一種藥物被批準(zhǔn)并投入市場(chǎng)之前，要花大量的時(shí)間和金錢從幾種候選藥物中選擇最有效的一種。

3.單選題

Weagreethatacentralpurposeofdramahasalwaysbeentoprovideameansforasocietyto_______uponitselfanditsbeliefs.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.manifest

B.reflect

C.invent

D.respect

【答案】B

【解析】manifest證明,顯示;reflect反映;invent發(fā)明,創(chuàng)作;respect尊重。句意：我們一致認(rèn)為,戲劇的中心思想一直是為社會(huì)提供一種反映自身及其信仰的手段。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

4.翻譯題

清潔的空氣對(duì)于健康是至關(guān)重要的。如果空氣中含有雜質(zhì)，這些雜質(zhì)就有可能被我們的身體吸收，使人生病。我們需要清潔的空氣，但不幸的是，目前普遍存在著空氣污染，尤其是在城市里。城市里有許多食品廠、服裝廠和制造其他東西的工廠。每天這些工廠把千百萬(wàn)噸的煙灰排放到空氣中。工廠產(chǎn)生的東西過(guò)一個(gè)時(shí)期就會(huì)損壞，然后就作為垃圾扔掉。我們燒掉許多垃圾，煙灰就增多了。還有工廠生產(chǎn)的汽車，一旦出廠在街上行駛，將會(huì)吸進(jìn)空氣，排出有毒氣體，并增加空氣中的煙塵。

世界上沒(méi)有任何一個(gè)地方可以徹底擺脫空氣污染，我們必須采取措施來(lái)控制空氣污染。現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越多的人正在認(rèn)識(shí)到清潔空氣的重要性。學(xué)校開設(shè)了關(guān)于污染問(wèn)題的課程。企業(yè)開始幫著凈化空氣，他們安裝了特別的設(shè)備來(lái)清除自己排放的煙霧?？茖W(xué)家和發(fā)明家正在努力開發(fā)更清潔的汽車和火車引擎。

或許，人們?cè)诔鞘欣锬芎粑迈r空氣的日子終將到來(lái)。

【答案】【參考譯文】Cleanairisvitaltogoodhealth.Iftheaircontainsimpurities,theymaybeabsorbedbyourbodiesmakeusill.Weneedcleanair,butunfortunately,airpollutionisgenerallypresent,especiallyincities.Therearemanyfoodfactories,garmentfactoriesandfactoriesformakingotherproductsincities.Everydaythesefactoriesdischargemilliontonsofsmokeandsootintotheair.Thingsmadeinfactorieswearoutafterawhileandarethrownawayastrash.Weburnalotoftrash,whichproducesmoresmokeandsoot.Moreover,oncetheautomobilesproducedbyfactoriesareoutonthestreet,theywilltakeinairandreplaceitwithpoisonousgases,whichagainproducemoresmokeandsoot.

Noareaintheworldcancompletelyfreeofairpollution.Wemusttakemeasurestocontrolit.Nowmoreandmorepeoplearerealizingtheimportanceofcleanair.Schoolshavetaughtaboutthepollutionproblem.Industriesarebeguntohelpcleanup,byinstallingequipmenttocleanuptheirsmoke.Scientistsandinventorsaremakingeffortstodevelopcleanerautomobilesandtheengineoftrain.

Perhapsthedaywhenpeopleareabletobreathefreshairincitieswillcomeatlast.

5.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodEnglish.

1.故宮雄偉、壯麗，是中國(guó)古建筑藝術(shù)的巔峰之作，其規(guī)模和獨(dú)具特色的風(fēng)格享譽(yù)世界。故宮內(nèi)保存著大量珍貴、稀有的古物，它們對(duì)研究明、清兩代歷史和歷史藝術(shù)具有十分重要的意義。1925年故宮改名為故宮博物館，成為世界最大的博物館之一。

2.這一年，我們隆重紀(jì)念了中國(guó)人民抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)暨世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)勝利70周年，舉行了盛大閱兵，昭示了正義必勝、和平必勝、人民必勝的真理。我和馬英九先生在新加坡會(huì)面，實(shí)現(xiàn)了跨越66年時(shí)空的握手，表明兩岸關(guān)系和平發(fā)展是兩岸同胞的共同心愿。

3.新西蘭是發(fā)達(dá)的高福利社會(huì)，并以盛產(chǎn)高質(zhì)量的水果、肉和乳制品著稱于世。服務(wù)業(yè)，特別是旅游以及與教育相關(guān)的產(chǎn)業(yè)，也在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中起著重要作用。每年有很多來(lái)自中國(guó)的游客和留學(xué)生來(lái)到新西蘭享受它所提供的一切。

【答案】1.ThemagnificentandsplendidImperialPalace,asthepinnacleofancientChineseart,isworld-renownedforitsscaleanduniquestyle.TheImperialPalacecontainsalargenumberofpreciousandrareantiquities,whichareofgreatsignificancetothestudyofthehistoryandhistoricalartoftheMingandQingdynasties.In1925,TheImperialPalacewasrenamedthePalaceMuseum,becomingoneofthelargestmuseumsintheworld.

2.Thisyear,wesolemnlycommemoratedthe70thanniversaryofthevictoryoftheChinesepeople'swarofresistanceagainstJapaneseaggressionandtheworldanti-fascistwar.Agrandmilitaryparadewasheldtodemonstratethetruththatjusticewillwin,peacewillprevailandthepeoplebeboundtowin.WhenMr.MaYing-jeouandImetinSingapore,weshookhandsacross66yearsoftimeandspace.Thisshowsthatpeacefuldevelopmentofcross-straitsrelationsisthecommonaspirationofpeopleonbothsidesoftheTaiwanstraits.

3.NewZealandisadevelopedsocietywithhighwelfareandisrenownedforitshighqualityfruit,meatanddairyproducts.Services,especiallytourismandeducation-relatedindustries,alsoplayanimportantroleineconomicdevelopmentinNewZealand.EveryyearmanyChinesetouristsandstudentscometoNewZealandtoenjoywhatitcanoffer.

6.單選題

（）bothsidesaccepttheagreement（）alastingpeacebeestablishedinthisregion.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Onlyif,will

B.Ifonly,would

C.Should,will

D.Unless,would

【答案】A

【解析】語(yǔ)法題——onlyif的用法。當(dāng)onlyif位于句首時(shí)，其主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要部分倒裝，根據(jù)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都提前了，而只有onlyif在句首，才部分倒裝。句意：只有雙方都接受這項(xiàng)協(xié)議，才能在這個(gè)地區(qū)建立持久的和平。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearldevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunitsandagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingofcensuses,allofwhichledtomoderndescriptivestatistics.Fromtheinfluenceofthefathercamemoderninferentialstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyontheoriesofprobability.

Descriptivestatisticsinvolvestabulating,depicting,anddescribingcollectionsofdata.Thesedatamaybeeitherquantitative,suchasmeasuresofheight,intelligence,orgradelevel-variables，thatarecharacterizedbytheunderlyingcontinuumorthedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.Largemassesofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessofsummarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizing,orreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofanotherwiseunwieldymassofdata.

Inferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethodsforsolvinganotherclassofproblemsthatpresentgreatdifficultiesfortheunaidedhumanmind.Thisgeneralclassofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomakepredictionsusingasampleofobservations.Forexample,aschoolsuperintendentwishestodeterminetheproportionofchildreninalargeschoolsystem,whocometoschoolwithoutbreakfasthavebeenvaccinatedforflu,orwhatever.Havingalittleknowledgeofstatistics,thesuperintendentwouldknowthatitisunnecessaryandinefficienttoquestioneachchild;theproportionfortheentiredistrictcouldbeestimatedfairlyaccuratelyfromasampleofasfewas100children.Thus,thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.

31.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith______.

32.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,countinganddescribingareassociatedwith______.

33.Whydoestheauthormention“mother”and“father”inthefirstparagraph?

34.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdescriptivestatisticsisbestsupportedbythepassage?

35.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthepurposeofexaminingasampleorapopulation?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thedrawbacksofdescriptiveandinferentialstatistics

B.applicationsofinferentialstatistics

C.thedevelopmentanduseofstatistics

D.howtousedescriptivestatistics

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.inferentialstatistics

B.descriptivestatistics

C.unknownvariables

D.qualitativechanges

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Topointoutthatparentscanteachtheirchildrenstatistics.

B.Tointroduceinferentialstatistics.

C.Toexplainthattherearedifferentkindsofvariables.

D.Topresentthebackgroundofstatisticsinahumorousandunderstandableway.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itsimplifiesunwieldymassesofdata.

B.Itleadstoincreasedvariability.

C.Itsolvesallnumericalproblems.

D.Itchangesqualitativevariablestoquantitativevariables.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Tocomparedifferentgroups.

B.Topredictcharacteristicsoftheentirepopulation.

C.Toconsiderallthequantitativevariables.

D.Totabulatecollectionsofdata.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】31.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段介紹了統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的誕生，接著介紹了兩種統(tǒng)計(jì)方法：描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)和推斷性統(tǒng)計(jì)可以解決的問(wèn)題，說(shuō)明本文主要講的是統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用。因此C選項(xiàng)“統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的發(fā)展和使用”正確。A選項(xiàng)“描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)和推斷性統(tǒng)計(jì)的缺點(diǎn)”，原文只介紹了這兩者的由來(lái)，沒(méi)有介紹它們的缺點(diǎn)，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“推斷性統(tǒng)計(jì)的應(yīng)用”，D選項(xiàng)“如何使用描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)”，原文介紹了描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)和推斷性統(tǒng)計(jì)兩者的應(yīng)用，所以B，D錯(cuò)誤。

32.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“countinganddescribing”可以定位到文章第一段第三句Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingofcensuses,allofwhichledtomoderndescriptivestatistics.（“母親”對(duì)其后代統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的影響表現(xiàn)在計(jì)數(shù)、測(cè)量、描述、制表、歸類和人口普查，所有這些導(dǎo)致了現(xiàn)代描述統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的誕生。），說(shuō)明計(jì)數(shù)和描述與描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)相關(guān)。因此B選項(xiàng)“描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“推斷性統(tǒng)計(jì)”，C選項(xiàng)“未知變量”，D選項(xiàng)“質(zhì)變”均不符合題意，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

33.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。第一段中提到“母親”和“父親”用來(lái)說(shuō)明統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的誕生和起源，運(yùn)用擬人的手法使文章更加生動(dòng)幽默，有助于讀者理解。因此D選項(xiàng)“以幽默、易懂的方式介紹統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的背景”正確。A選項(xiàng)“指出父母可以教孩子統(tǒng)計(jì)”，B選項(xiàng)“為了介紹推斷性統(tǒng)計(jì)”，C選項(xiàng)“說(shuō)明變量有不同的種類”均不符合題意，所以A，B，C錯(cuò)誤。

34.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizing,orreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofanotherwiseunwieldymassofdata.（描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)是一種工具，它對(duì)極其龐雜的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行描述、概括或簡(jiǎn)化，使之成為可理解的東西。），說(shuō)明描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)可以將龐雜的數(shù)據(jù)簡(jiǎn)單化。因此A選項(xiàng)“簡(jiǎn)化了繁雜的大量數(shù)據(jù)”正確。B選項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)致了變異性的增加”，C選項(xiàng)“可以解決所有的數(shù)值問(wèn)題”，D選項(xiàng)“把定性變量變?yōu)槎孔兞俊痹谖闹芯鶝](méi)有提及，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

35.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句Thus,thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.（因此，推理性統(tǒng)計(jì)的目的就是通過(guò)了解整個(gè)群體中一部分樣本的特征，來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)和估計(jì)整個(gè)群體的特征。），說(shuō)明考察樣本目的是預(yù)測(cè)和估計(jì)整個(gè)群體的特征。因此B選項(xiàng)“預(yù)測(cè)整個(gè)群體的特征”正確。A選項(xiàng)“為了比較不同的群體”，C選項(xiàng)“考慮所有的定量變量”，D選項(xiàng)“將數(shù)據(jù)集合制成表格”在文中均沒(méi)有提及，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

8.單選題

IttookthemediaawhiletoacknowledgethatmostofKatrina’svictimswereblack.Apparently,itwilltakelongertomentionthatmostofthevictimswerewomenandchildren.Inoticedthreecommentatorswhobroughtupthedelicatesubjectofthemostlymissingmales—GeorgeWill,GaiyBauer,andThomasBray,acolumnistfortheDetroitNews.Willnotedthat76percentofbirthstoLouisiana’sAfrican—Americansaretounmarriedwomen,andprobablymorethan80percentareinNewOrleans,sincethatistheusualestimateinotherinnercities.Willwrote:“Thattranslatesintoalargeandconstantlyrenewedcohortoflightlyparentedadolescentmales,andthattranslatesintochaos,inneighborhoodsandschools,comerainorcomeshine.”

Agooddealofhardevidenceshowsthatthisisso.Twodecadesofresearchproducedaconsensusamongsocialscientistsofbothleftandrightthatfamilystructurehasaseriousimpactonchildren,evenwhencontrollingforincome,race,andothervariables.Inotherwords,wearenottalkingaboutaproblemofracebutaboutaproblemoffamilyformationor,rather,thelackofit.Thebestoutcomesforchildren―whetherinacademicperformance,avoidanceofcrimeanddrugs,orfinancialandeconomicsuccess—arealmostinvariablyproducedbymarriedbiologicalparents.Theworstresultsarebynever-marriedwomen.

Inapolicybriefreleasedlastweek,theWashington-basedInstituteforMarriageandPublicPolicy,lookedat23recentstudiesdealingwithfamilystructureandyouthcrime.In19ofthe20studiesthatfoundfamilystructuretohaveaneffect,childrenfromnonintactorsingle-parentfamilieshadahigherrateofcrimeordelinquency.Neighborhoodswithlotsofout-of-wedlockbirthshavelotsofcrime.Unfortunately,onestudysaidthatthemoresingle-parentfamiliestherewereinaneighborhood,themorecrimetherewasamongtwo-parentkidslivingaroundthem.Again,thesestudiesarecontrolledforrace.Adolescentsinsingle-parentfamilieswerealmosttwiceaslikelytohavepulledaknifeoragunonsomeoneinthepastyear.Thiswasaftercontrollingformanydemographicvariables,includingrace,gender,age,householdincome,andeducationallevelofparents.

Inalargesampleofstudentsin315classroomsin11cities,the“singlemostimportantvariable”inganginvolvementwasfoundtobefamilystructure.Inotherwords,thegreaterthenumberofparentsathome,thelowerthelevelofganginvolvement.AstudyofAmericanIndianfamiliesfoundthatlivinginatwo-parentfamilyreducedganginvolvementbymorethan50percent.

Anotherstudyconcludedthatout-of-wedlockchildbearinghadalargeeffectontherateofarrestsformurder,aneffectthat“seemstohavegottenstrongerovertime.”

“Adolescentsinmarried,two-biological-parentfamiliesgenerallyfarebetterthanchildreninanyofthefamilytypesexaminedhere.”onestudyreported.Theotherfamilytypesstudiedweresinglemother,cohabitingstepfather,andmarriedstepfatherfamilies.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

2.Thebestresultsforchildrencomealmostcertainlyfrom（

）.

3.Thephrase“out-of-wedlockbirths”(Line4,Paragraph3)probablymeans（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueofchildren’sganginvolvement?

5.Whichisagoodfamilystructureforchildbearing?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.GeorgeWillisworkingfortheDetroitNews.

B.LotsofblackwomenandchildrenwerekilledbyKatrina.

C.Unmarriedmalesoftenfeeleasilywiththeirchildren.

D.Lessthan20%birthstoNewOrleans’Americansaretomarriedwomen.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.variousheavysocialpressures

B.theeconomystatusoftheirfamily

C.theircompletefamilyformation

D.theracewhichtheybelongto

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.homelesskids

B.two-parentkids

C.kidswithstep-father

D.kidswithnomarriedparents

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thereisonlyonethingthatinfluenceschildren’ganginvolvement.

B.ChildrenofAmericanIndianfamilieshaveahighlevelofganginvolvement.

C.Childrenoftwo-parentfamilieshavealowerlevelofganginvolvement.

D.Childrenoftwo-parentfamilieshavenoganginvolvement.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Atwo-biological-parentfamily.

B.Aout-of-wedlockfamily.

C.Asingle-motherfamily.

D.Amarriedstepfatherfamily.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段“IttookthemediaawhiletoacknowledgethatmostofKatrina’svictimswereblack.Apparently,itwilltakelongertomentionthatmostofthevictimswerewomenandchildren.媒體花了一段時(shí)間才承認(rèn)卡特里娜颶風(fēng)的受害者大多是黑人。顯然，要提到大多數(shù)受害者是婦女和兒童，還需要更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間?！庇纱丝芍狟選項(xiàng)“很多黑人婦女和兒童被卡特里娜颶風(fēng)殺死”正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第二段第二、三、四句，句意為：經(jīng)過(guò)20年的研究，左右兩派社會(huì)科學(xué)家達(dá)成了一個(gè)共識(shí)，即家庭結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)孩子有著嚴(yán)重的影響，即使在控制了收入、種族和其他變量的情況下也是如此。換句話說(shuō)，我們討論的不是種族問(wèn)題，而是家庭形成的問(wèn)題，或者說(shuō)是家庭缺乏的問(wèn)題。對(duì)孩子來(lái)說(shuō)，最好的結(jié)果——無(wú)論是學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)、避免犯罪和吸毒，還是財(cái)務(wù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)上的成功——幾乎都是由已婚的親生父母帶來(lái)的。由此可知家庭結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)一個(gè)兒童的影響力是非常大的，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第三段“In19ofthe20studiesthatfoundfamilystructuretohaveaneffect,childrenfromnonintactorsingle-parentfamilieshadahigherrateofcrimeordelinquency.在20項(xiàng)研究中，有19項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)家庭結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)孩子有影響，來(lái)自不完整或單親家庭的孩子犯罪率更高。”可以推斷出D選項(xiàng)“有著未婚父母的小孩”正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第四段“Inotherwords,thegreaterthenumberofparentsathome,thelowerthelevelofganginvolvement.換句話說(shuō)，在家的父母數(shù)量越多，孩子加入幫會(huì)的可能性就越低”的對(duì)應(yīng)可推知C“雙親家庭的小孩參加幫會(huì)的可能性較低”正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第二段“Thebestoutcomesforchildren―whetherinacademicperformance,avoidanceofcrimeanddrugs,orfinancialandeconomicsuccess—arealmostinvariablyproducedbymarriedbiologicalparents.對(duì)孩子來(lái)說(shuō)，最好的結(jié)果——無(wú)論是學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)、避免犯罪和吸毒，還是財(cái)務(wù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)上的成功——幾乎都是由已婚的親生父母帶來(lái)的?！庇纱丝芍狝選項(xiàng)“有兩個(gè)親生父母的家庭”正確。

9.單選題

Thestrategyhasbeentoabolishnationalprotectionisminthesalesofterminalequipment,to（）onesetoftechnicalstandardsthroughouttheEC,andtoopenpublicpurchasingofequipmenttopan-Europeantender.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.layout

B.laydown

C.layoff

D.layup

【答案】B

【解析】詞組辨析。layout“展示，安排”；laydown“制定，放下”；layoff“解雇，休息，停止工作；layup“儲(chǔ)存”。句意：該戰(zhàn)略一直是廢除終端設(shè)備銷售方面的國(guó)家保護(hù)主義，制定一套貫穿歐共體的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并向泛歐洲地區(qū)公開采購(gòu)設(shè)備。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.單選題

Hewasmoreorlessdisappointedat（）moreguests.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.nothaving

B.therenothaving

C.nothavingbeen

D.therenothavingbeen

【答案】A

【解析】bedisappointedatdoingsth..為固定搭配,

表示“對(duì)...感到失望”,

首先排除選項(xiàng)B和D；根據(jù)句意：沒(méi)有更多的客人,

他多少有點(diǎn)失望。這里不存在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),

所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

11.寫作題

Directions:InthefollowingisanEnglishProverb“Onlythewearerknowswheretheshoepinches”.Presentyouropinionsontheproverb,usingreasonsand/orexamplestosupportyourviews.Writeacompositionofabout350words,providingatitleforyourcomposition.

【答案】【略】

12.單選題

Nyearguesthattheinterestsoftheinternationalcommunityarenotillusory,thattheyare（）ofournationalinterests,whichcannotbeachievedwithouthelpfromothernations.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.particle

B.partandparcel

C.particles

D.partsandparcels

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析和固定搭配。particle“顆粒”；partandparcel“必要部分”；particles“顆粒（復(fù)數(shù)）”；沒(méi)有partsandparcels用法。句意：Nye認(rèn)為國(guó)際社會(huì)的利益并不是幻影，它們是我們國(guó)家利益的必要部分，沒(méi)有沒(méi)有其他國(guó)家的幫助，無(wú)法達(dá)到目的。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.單選題

Adrivercangothrougharedlight（）apoliceofficersignalshimtodoso.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whether

B.until

C.if

D.unless

【答案】C

【解析】考查連詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)whether“是否，不論”；B選項(xiàng)until“直到……為止”；C選項(xiàng)if“如果”；D選項(xiàng)unless“除非”。句意：（）警察示意司機(jī)可以闖紅燈，他就可以這樣做。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，if“如果”警察示意可以闖紅燈比較合理。如果選D選項(xiàng)unless“除非”，應(yīng)該換成thedrivercan’truntheredlight才合理。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Heisholdinga（）positioninthecompanyandexpectstobepromotedsoon.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.subordinate

B.succeeding

C.successive

D.subsequent

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:他如今在公司任一個(gè)（）職位，他期望能夠盡快升職。

subordinate下級(jí)的，次要的；succeeding以后的；successive連續(xù)的，接替的；subsequent后來(lái)的，隨后的。根據(jù)后半句“他期望能夠盡快升職”推測(cè)，A項(xiàng)subordinate次要的符合句意。

15.單選題

Ifitwereonlynecessarytodecidewhethertoteachelementarysciencetoeveryoneonamassbasisortofindthegiftedfewandtakethemasfarastheycango,ourtaskwouldbefairlysimple.Thepublicschoolsystem,however,hasnosuchchoice,forthejobsmustbecarriedonatthesametime.Becausewedependsoheavilyuponscienceandtechnologyforourprogress,wemustproducespecialistsinmanyfields.Becauseweliveinademocraticnation,whosecitizensmakethepoliciesforthenation,largenumbersofusmustbeeducatedtounderstand,tosupport,andwhennecessary,tojudgetheworkofexperts.Thepublicschoolmusteducatebothproducersandusersofscientificservices.

Ineducation,thereshouldbeagoodbalanceamongthebranchesofknowledgethatcontributetoeffectivethinkingandwisejudgment.Suchbalanceisdefeatedbytoomuchemphasisonanyonefield.Thisquestionofbalanceinvolvesnotonlytherelationofthenaturalscience,thesocialsciences,andthearts,butalsorelativeemphasesamongthenaturalsciencesthemselves.

Similarly,wemusthaveabalancebetweencurrentandclassicalknowledge.Theattentionofthepubliciscontinuallydrawntonewpossibilitiesinscientificfieldsandthediscoveryofnewknowledge;theseshouldnotbeallowedtoturnourattentionawayfromthesound,establishedmaterialsthatformthebasisofcoursesforbeginners.

9.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,thetaskofeducationisfairlycomplicatedbecause__________.

10.WhichofthefollowingpointsisNOTINCLUDEDinthepassage?

11.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_________.

12.Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe___________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thecurrentpublicschoolsystemistoocomplicatedtobeunderstood

B.thepublicschoolsystemhasnochoiceofwhattoteach

C.itisdifficulttodecidewhetherelementaryscienceshouldbetaughtinpublicschools

D.theeducatorshavetotakecareofbothordinaryandgiftedstudents

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Oneofthemajortasksofeducationistodiscoverthemostpromisingstudents.

B.Inordertoteacheffectively,educatorsarerequestedtolayemphasisononeparticularfield.

C.Somesubjectshavebeenover-emphasizedinpublicschools.

D.Theprogressofthesocietycannotmerelyrelyoninventors.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.sufficientattentionshouldbegiventobasicknowledge

B.studentsshouldlearnmoreup-to-dateknowledge

C.lackofscientificknowledgewillleadtopoorrelationsbetweenproducersandusersofscientificservices

D.studentsaregettingtoknowtheimportanceofagoodbalanceamongthebranchesofknowledge

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.CurrentSysteminEducation

B.EducationalSituationinPublicSchool

C.BalanceinEducation

D.ImportanceofTeachingScienceandTechnology

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】9.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。由第一段的Thepublicschoolsystem,however,hasnosuchchoice,forthejobsmustbecarriedonatthesametime.（然而，公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)沒(méi)有如此的選擇，因?yàn)檫@些工作（教育普通和有天賦的學(xué)生）一定要同時(shí)進(jìn)行。）以及Thepublicschoolmusteducatebothproducersandusersofscientificservices.（公立學(xué)校必須教育為科學(xué)服務(wù)的生產(chǎn)者和使用者。）由此可知，教育工作之所以會(huì)變得相當(dāng)復(fù)雜是因?yàn)閭魇趯W(xué)習(xí)的對(duì)象并沒(méi)有進(jìn)行區(qū)分。因此D選項(xiàng)“教育工作者不得不照顧普通的和有天賦的學(xué)生”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“如今的公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)太復(fù)雜而不能被理解”，B選項(xiàng)“公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)不能選擇教授的東西”，C選項(xiàng)“難以決定基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)是否應(yīng)該在公立學(xué)校被教授”。在文中均未提及，可排除。故選D。

10.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由第一段中Ifitwereonlynecessarytodecidewhethertoteachelementarysciencetoeveryoneonamassbasisortofindthegiftedfewandtakethemasfarastheycango,ourtaskwouldbefairlysimple.（如果只需要決定是向大眾教授基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)，還是找到少數(shù)有天賦的人，讓他們盡可能地學(xué)習(xí)，那么我們的任務(wù)就相當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單了。）這只是作者的一個(gè)假設(shè)，并沒(méi)有真正執(zhí)行。因此A選項(xiàng)“教育的一個(gè)主要任務(wù)是去發(fā)現(xiàn)最有前途的學(xué)生”錯(cuò)誤，與原文表述不符合。由第二段中Suchbalanceisdefeatedbytoomuchemphasisonanyonefield.（這樣的平衡被過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)某一領(lǐng)域所打破。）可知C選項(xiàng)“一些科目在公立學(xué)校中一直被過(guò)度強(qiáng)調(diào)”正確，符合題意。同理可推理出B選項(xiàng)“為了有效地教學(xué)，要求教育者強(qiáng)調(diào)某一特定的方面”。根據(jù)第一段中Becauseweliveinademocraticnation,whosecitizensmakethepoliciesforthenation,largenumbersofusmustbeeducatedtounderstand,tosupport,andwhennecessary,tojudgetheworkofexperts.（因?yàn)槲覀兩钤谝粋€(gè)民主的國(guó)家，所以，必須教育大部分人了解和支持或評(píng)判專家的工作。）民主國(guó)家的發(fā)展依靠所有人民的努力，而人民并不能局限于發(fā)明者。因此D選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)的發(fā)展不能僅僅依賴發(fā)明者”正確，符合題意。故選A。

11.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位在最后一段中Theattentionofthepubliciscontinuallydrawntonewpossibilitiesinscientificfieldsandthediscoveryofnewknowledge;theseshouldnotbeallowedtoturnourattentionawayfromthesound,establishedmaterialsthatformthebasisofcoursesforbeginners.（公眾的注意力不斷地被科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的新可能性和新知識(shí)的發(fā)現(xiàn)所吸引，不應(yīng)該允許這些將我們的注意力從健全的，已制定的材料轉(zhuǎn)移開，因?yàn)檫@些材料形成了適合初學(xué)者的基礎(chǔ)課程。）由此可知，初學(xué)者應(yīng)該從最基本的學(xué)習(xí)材料學(xué)起。因此A選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該給予基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)足夠的重視”正確，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)“學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)更多最新的知識(shí)”，C選項(xiàng)“缺乏科學(xué)知識(shí)將導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)者和科學(xué)服務(wù)使用者之間產(chǎn)生不好的關(guān)系”，D選項(xiàng)“學(xué)生正慢慢認(rèn)識(shí)到知識(shí)學(xué)科之間一種良好平衡的重要性”均不符合題意，可排除。故選A。

12.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。由第一段中Thepublicschoolsystem,however,hasnosuchchoice,forthejobsmustbecarriedonatthesametime.（然而，公立學(xué)校系統(tǒng)沒(méi)有如此的選擇，因?yàn)檫@些工作（教育普通和有天賦的學(xué)生）一定要同時(shí)進(jìn)行）第一段提出教育平衡的話題，第二段和第三段圍繞教育平衡進(jìn)行論述。綜合而知，本文主要是圍繞教育平衡這個(gè)話題展開闡述的。因此C選項(xiàng)“教育平衡”正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“如今的教育系統(tǒng)”，B選項(xiàng)“公立學(xué)校的教育情況”，D選項(xiàng)“教授科學(xué)和技術(shù)的重要性”均不符合題意，可排除。故選C。

16.單選題

Allthelivingorganisms,regardlessoftheiruniqueidentity,havecertainbiological,chemical,andphysicalcharacteristicsincommon.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.asaresult

B.considering

C.whatever

D.onpurpose

【答案】C

【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)asaresult“結(jié)果”；B選項(xiàng)considering“考慮到……”；C選項(xiàng)whatever“無(wú)論什么，不管怎樣”；D選項(xiàng)onpurpose“故意地”。句意：所有的生物體，不論其獨(dú)特的特性如何，都有某些共同的生物、化學(xué)和物理特性。根據(jù)句意，可以看出C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingshortparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

盡管美國(guó)的制造業(yè)就業(yè)崗位長(zhǎng)期流失，但由于在飛機(jī)和高科技設(shè)備等高價(jià)值的研發(fā)和生產(chǎn)等方面能力卓越，美國(guó)的制造業(yè)方面仍處于世界領(lǐng)先地位。與此同時(shí)，中國(guó)的主要產(chǎn)品還是低成本的服裝和消費(fèi)類電子產(chǎn)品。在產(chǎn)品價(jià)值方面美國(guó)的產(chǎn)品占世界制造業(yè)總產(chǎn)值的20%以上，大約是中國(guó)的兩倍。中國(guó)的人口眾多，國(guó)民人均產(chǎn)值僅為美國(guó)的1/7；在居民生活水平方面，中美兩國(guó)的差距就更大了，中國(guó)家庭產(chǎn)品的平均消費(fèi)只有美國(guó)的1/14。

【答案】Despitealonghistoryoflostmanufacturingjobs,theU.S.leadstheworldinmanufacturingbecauseofitsabilitytodevelopandproducehigh-valueproductslikeairplanesandhigh-techequipment.Meanwhile,China'smainproductsarelow-costclothingandconsumerelectronics.Intermsofvalue,theUnitedStatesproducesmorethan20percentoftheworld'smanufacturingoutput,abouttwiceasmuchasChina.ChinahasalargepopulationanditspercapitaGDPisonly1/7ofthatoftheUnitedStates.Intermsoflivingstandards,thegapbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesisevenwider,withtheaveragehouseholdproductconsumptioninChinabeingonlyone-14thofthatintheUnitedStates.

18.單選題

Hotmetal______asitgrowscooler.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contracts

B.reduces

C.condenses

D.compresses

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)contract“收縮、訂約”；B項(xiàng)reduce“減少”；C項(xiàng)condense“濃縮、凝結(jié)”；D項(xiàng)compress“壓縮、壓緊、精簡(jiǎn)”；句意：熱金屬一變冷就收縮。因此該題A項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Awordprocessorismuchbetterthanatypewriterinthatitenablesyoutoenterand（

）yourtextmoreeasily.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.register

B.edit

C.propose

D.discharge

【答案】B

【解析】句意:文字信息處理機(jī)比打字機(jī)好得多，因?yàn)樗苁鼓愀菀椎剌斎牒途庉嬑谋尽?/p>

動(dòng)詞辨析。Register登記，注冊(cè);edit編輯，校對(duì);propose建議，打算;discharge排放，解雇。因此B符合句意。

20.單選題

Itishardtotellwhetherwearegoingtohaveaboomintheeconomyora（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.concession

B.submission

C.transmission

D.recession

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)concession“讓步，妥協(xié)”；B選項(xiàng)submission“屈服，投降，歸順”；C選項(xiàng)transmission“傳遞，傳播”；D選項(xiàng)recession“經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，經(jīng)濟(jì)萎縮”。由whether...or...（是……還是……）可知空格處與boom（繁榮）所表示的意思相反，因此選D。句意：很難判斷我們將迎來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮還是衰退。

21.單選題

He（）thathewasanaccompliceintherobberyhappened15yearsago.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.knowledge

B.admitted

C.confessed

D.granted

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他坦白，15年前發(fā)生的一起搶劫案，他是共犯。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。knowledge承認(rèn)（屬實(shí)）；鳴謝；admit（常指勉強(qiáng)）承認(rèn)原來(lái)企圖否認(rèn)或推諉的事情；confess側(cè)重指供認(rèn)、坦白或承認(rèn)自己過(guò)錯(cuò)；grant（尤指正式地或法律上）同意；向某人承認(rèn)某種情況是事實(shí)。因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。

22.單選題

ThelargetowersoftheGeorgeWashingtonBridgewerenotencasedinmasonrybutwereleftexposedtorevealtheirhandsomesteelstructure.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.harsh

B.hoarse

C.good-looking

D.flagrant

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：?jiǎn)讨稳A盛頓大橋的橋塔并沒(méi)有采用磚石結(jié)構(gòu)，而是直接將塔身暴露在外，顯示出它……鋼結(jié)構(gòu)。harsh“嚴(yán)酷的”；hoarse“嘶啞的”；good-looking“好看的，漂亮的”；flagrant“駭人聽聞的”。根據(jù)“steelstructure”可以推測(cè)出handsome的意思是“雄偉的”。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

23.單選題

（）frompower,hehadtogobacktohishometownandtoilinhislittlefarm.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Relinquished

B.Tumbled

C.Displaced

D.Retrieved

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。Relinquished放棄；Tumbled倒塌，猛跌；Displaced取代；Retrieved重新取回，挽救。句意：失去權(quán)力后，他不得不回到家鄉(xiāng)，在他的小農(nóng)場(chǎng)里勞作。relinquishpower指被迫交出權(quán)力。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

24.單選題

Thetorchwas（）byafamousathleteattheopeningofthesportmeeting.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.implement

B.deceive

C.exemplify

D.ignited

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。implement實(shí)施，執(zhí)行