考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安慶師范大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安慶師范大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

Thelivesofmostmenaredeterminedbytheirenvironment.Theyacceptthecircumstancesamidwhichfatehasthrownthemnotonlywithresignationbutevenwithgoodwill.Theyarelikestreetcarsrunningcontentedlyontheirrailsandtheydespisethemotorcyclethatdashesinandoutofthetrafficandspeedssojauntilyacrosstheopencounty.Irespectthem;theyaregoodcitizens,goodhusbandsandgoodfathersandofcoursesomebodyhastopaythetaxes;butIdon’tfindthemexciting.Iamfascinatedbythemenfewenoughinallconsciencewhotakelifeintheirownhandsandseemtomouldittotheirownliking.Itmaybethatwehavenosuchthingasfreewillbutatalleventswegavetheillusionofit.Atacross-road,itdoesseemtousthatwemightgoeithertotherightortotheleftandthechoiceoncemade,itisdifficulttoseethatwholecourseofthewordshistoryobligedustotaketheturningwedid.

【答案】對(duì)于大多數(shù)人來說，生活是由環(huán)境決定的。他們?cè)诿\(yùn)的撥弄面前，不僅逆來順受，甚至還能隨遇而安。這些人猶如街上的有軌電車，滿足于在自己的軌道上運(yùn)行；而對(duì)于那些不時(shí)出沒于車水馬龍間和歡快地奔馳在曠野上的廉價(jià)小汽車卻不屑一顧。我尊重這些人；他們是守法的公民、盡職的丈夫、慈祥的父親。當(dāng)然，總得有人繳納種種稅款；可是，我并不覺得他們使人振奮。另有些人把生活掌握在自己手里，似乎在按照自己的意愿創(chuàng)造生活，盡管這樣的人寥若晨星，他們卻深深地吸引了我。自由意志這玩意兒對(duì)我們來說也許純屬子虛烏有；但不管怎么說，它確實(shí)存在于我們的幻想之中。每逢站在十字路口，我們好像能在左右兩條道路中任選其一，可一旦選定之后，卻又很難認(rèn)識(shí)到那實(shí)際是世界歷史的整個(gè)進(jìn)程左右了我們的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。

2.單選題

Theprimeminister’sproposalfornewtaxescreatedsucha(an)（

）thathisgovernmentfell.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sensation

B.upheaval

C.withdrawal

D.outbreak

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)sensation“轟動(dòng)”；B選項(xiàng)upheaval“動(dòng)亂，劇變”；C選項(xiàng)withdrawal“撤退”；D選項(xiàng)outbreak“爆發(fā)”。

句意：首相的新稅提案造成了如此大的動(dòng)蕩，以至于他的政府垮臺(tái)了。根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可知，選項(xiàng)B更符合語(yǔ)境。

3.單選題

Atthesightofthisphotographhechangedhis（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.countenance

B.counteragent

C.concessions

D.counteract

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)countenance“面容，表情”；B選項(xiàng)counteragent“反作用劑；中和力”；C選項(xiàng)concessions“讓步，讓與”；D選項(xiàng)counteract“抵消”，句意為：一看到這張照片，他面色就變了。故正確答案選A。

4.單選題

Thereareseveralpossibleexplanationsforthegreatjob（

）inJapanincontrasttothegreatjobmobilityintheUnitedStates.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.creativity

B.security

C.credibility

D.stability

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。creativity創(chuàng)造性；security安全性；credibility確實(shí)性；stability穩(wěn)定性。

句意：與美國(guó)巨大的工作流動(dòng)性相比，日本的工作穩(wěn)定性高是有一些合理的解釋的。根據(jù)下文的mobility可推測(cè)，兩者形成對(duì)比，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

5.單選題

Skilledtechniciansandadvancedtechnologiesenableustobuilduncompromisedqualityintoallourcars,becauseourfirst（

）isbringingyoupleasureforyearstocome.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prestige

B.benefit

C.privilege

D.priority

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。prestige威信；benefit利益，好處；privilege特權(quán)；priority優(yōu)先考慮的事情。句意：熟練的技術(shù)人員和先進(jìn)的技術(shù)使我們能夠?yàn)槲覀兯械能囂峁┖芎玫馁|(zhì)量保證，因?yàn)槲覀儼呀o您將來的日子帶來快樂放在第一位。由空格后的內(nèi)容可知D選項(xiàng)符合句意，答案D。

6.單選題

Thespontaneousmovementofwateracrossamembrane,（

）gradientofwaterconcentrationiscalledosmosis.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.drivesa

B.drivenbya

C.hasdriven

D.drove

【答案】B

【解析】語(yǔ)法（分詞短語(yǔ)做后置定語(yǔ)）題。首先固定搭配‘a(chǎn)gradientof’，所以排除C和D選項(xiàng)，其次，Thespontaneousmovement與空格后的gradientofwaterconcentration是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以B選項(xiàng)的過去分詞短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)的后置定語(yǔ)正確。整句話的句意是‘在水的濃度梯度驅(qū)使下，水分子通過半透膜的自主運(yùn)動(dòng)叫做滲透作用’。

7.單選題

Leninoncearguedthatapoliticalleaderisnotonlyresponsibleforpolicybutfortheactionofthosewho（

）it.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assault

B.mislead

C.execute

D.commend

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)assault“攻擊；襲擊”；B選項(xiàng)mislead“誤導(dǎo)”；C選項(xiàng)execute“實(shí)行；執(zhí)行；處死”；D選項(xiàng)commend“稱贊；推薦；把······委托”。句意：列寧曾經(jīng)說過，一個(gè)政治領(lǐng)袖不僅要對(duì)政策負(fù)責(zé)，還要對(duì)那些······政策的人的行為負(fù)責(zé)。能與“政策”相搭配的只有C選項(xiàng)“執(zhí)行”。

8.單選題

_______sleepiscrucialtothehealthofadults,newresearchsuggeststhatlackofsleepmayaffectteens’health,too.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Justas

B.Aslongas

C.Despitethat

D.Nomatterhow

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配辨析。A選項(xiàng)Justas“正像”；B選項(xiàng)Aslongas“只要”；C選項(xiàng)Despitethat“盡管”；D選項(xiàng)Nomatterhow“不管怎樣”。句意：_______睡眠對(duì)成年人的健康至關(guān)重要，新的研究表明，睡眠不足也可能影響青少年的健康。根據(jù)too可知睡眠不足會(huì)同時(shí)影響青少年和成年人，所以Justas“正像”讓句子通順，符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

9.填空題

Wefeelthattherearemanydisadvantagesinstreamingpupils.Itdoesnottakeintoaccountthefact

thatchildrendevelopatdifferentrates.Itcanhaveabadeffectonboththebrightandthenot-so-brightchild.Afterall,itcanbequite

A

B

C

discouragedtobeatthebottomofthetopGrade!

D

【答案】Ddiscouraged改為discouraging

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞。

【解題思路】discouraged的意思為“沮喪的，氣餒的”，指的是人自己的感受，discouraging的意思為“使人沮喪的，令人氣餒的”，指的是某個(gè)事物令人沮喪，這里指的是倒數(shù)第一這件事令人沮喪，因此D部分應(yīng)為“discouraging”。

【句意】我們認(rèn)為把學(xué)生按成績(jī)分班有很多弊端。這沒有考慮到兒童發(fā)展的速度不同這一事實(shí)。這對(duì)聰明的孩子和不那么聰明的孩子都有消極的影響。畢竟，在高手如云的班級(jí)中倒數(shù)第一這件事，相當(dāng)令人沮喪！

10.單選題

A______ofchickensarethosehatchedinanestatonetime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.flock

B.herd

C.brood

D.swarm

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)flock“群”，aflockof表示“一群（鳥，羊等）”；B項(xiàng)herd“獸群，畜群”，aherdof表示“一群（牛、鹿等）”；C項(xiàng)brood“一窩鳥，一窩動(dòng)物”，abroodof表示“一窩”，適用于在母獸保護(hù)下的幼崽，尤指家養(yǎng)的或打獵用的鳥類的幼鳥；D項(xiàng)swarm“一大群，蜂群”，指一群昆蟲，如螞蟻、蜜蜂或黃蜂，aswarmof表示“一大群，一大堆”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞chicken可知，C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：一窩小雞是指一次孵出的小雞。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Thelongyearsoffoodshortageinthiscountryhavesuddenlygivenwaytoapparentabundance.Storesandshopsarechokedwithfood.Rationing(定量供應(yīng))isvirtuallysuspended,andoverseassuppliershavebeenaskedtoholdbackdeliveries.Yet,insteadofjoy,thereiswidespreaduneasinessandconfusion.Whydofoodpriceskeeponrising,whenthereseemstobesomuchmorefoodabout?Istheabundanceonlytemporary,orhasitcometostay?Doesitmeanthatweneedtothinklessnowaboutproducingmorefoodathome?Nooneknowswhattoexpect.

Therecentgrowthofexportsurplusesontheworldfoodmarkethascertainlybeenunexpectedlygreat,partlybecauseastrangesequenceoftwosuccessfulgrainharvests.NorthAmericaisnowbeingfollowedbyathird.MostofBritain’soverseassuppliersofmeat,too,areofferingmorethisyearandhomeproductionhasalsorisen.

Buttheeffectofallthisonthefoodsituationinthiscountryhasbeenmadeworsebyasimultaneousriseinfoodprices,duechieflytothegradualcuttingdownofgovernmentsupportforfood.Theshopsareoverstockedwithfoodnotonlybecausethereismorefoodavailable,butalsobecausepeople,frightenedbyhighprices,arebuyinglessofit.

Moreover,theriseindomesticpriceshascomeatatimewhenworldpriceshavebeguntofall,withtheresultthatimportedfood,withtheexceptionofgrain,isoftencheaperthanthehome-producedvariety.Andnowgrainprices,too,arefalling.Consumersarebeginningtoaskwhytheyshouldnotbeenabledtobenefitfromthistrend.

Thesignificanceofthesedevelopmentsisnotlostonfarmers.Theoldergenerationhasseenitallhappenbefore.Despitethepresentpriceandmarketguarantees,farmersfeartheyareabouttobesqueezedbetweencheapfoodimportsandashrinkinghomemarket.Presentproductionisrunningat51percentabovepre-warlevels,andthegovernmenthascalledforanexpansionto60percentby1956;butrepeatedMinisterialadviceiscarryinglittleweightandtheexpansionprogramisnotworkingverywell.

1.Whyisthere“wide-spreaduneasinessandconfusionaboutthefoodsituationinBritain?”

2.Themainreasonfortheriseinfoodpricesisthat（

）

.

3.Whydidn’tthegovernment’sexpansionprogramworkverywell?

4.Thedecreaseinworldfoodpricewasaresultof（

）.

5.WhatdidthefuturelooklikeforBritain’sfoodproductionatthetimethisarticlewaswritten?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theabundantfoodsupplyisnotexpectedtolast.

B.Britainisimportinglessfood.

C.Despitetheabundance,foodpriceskeeprising.

D.Britainwillcutbackonitsproductionoffood.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.peoplearebuyinglessfood

B.thegovernmentisprovidinglessfinancialsupportforagriculture

C.domesticfoodproductionhasdecreased

D.importedfoodisdrivingpriceshigher

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Becausethefarmerswereuncertainaboutthefinancialsupportthegovernmentguaranteed

B.Becausethefarmerswereuncertainaboutthebenefitsofexpandingproduction.

C.Becausethefarmerswereuncertainaboutwhetherforeignmarketscouldbefoundfortheirproduce

D.Becausetheoldergenerationoffarmerwerestronglyagainsttheprogrammer.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.asharpfallinthepurchasingpoweroftheconsumers.

B.asharpfallinthecostoffoodproduction

C.theoverproductionoffoodinthefood-importingcountries

D.theoverproductiononthepartofthemainfood-exportingcountries

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThefallinworldfoodpriceswouldbenefitBritishfoodproducers.

B.Anexpansionoffoodproductionwasathand.

C.Britishfoodproducerswouldreceivemoregovernmentfinancialsupport.

D.Itlooksdepressingdespitegovernmentguarantees.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段Whydofoodpriceskeeponrising,whenthereseemstobesomuchmorefoodabout?提到人們對(duì)于為什么糧食多了價(jià)格卻依然持續(xù)上漲表示擔(dān)憂，所以可以看出人們感到不安和困惑的原因是食物充足但是價(jià)格卻在上漲，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.文章第三段asimultaneousriseinfoodprices,duechieflytothegradualcuttingdownofgovernmentsupportforfood提到食物價(jià)格增長(zhǎng)的主要原因是政府逐漸減少了對(duì)食物的支持。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.文章最后一段Despitethepresentpriceandmarketguarantees,farmersfeartheyareabouttobesqueezedbetweencheapfoodimportsandashrinkinghomemarket提到盡管目前的價(jià)格還有市場(chǎng)保證，但是農(nóng)民依舊擔(dān)心他們將被擠壓在廉價(jià)的進(jìn)口食品和一個(gè)萎縮的國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)中，所以可以推斷農(nóng)民對(duì)于這樣的保證是不信任的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.文章第二段Therecentgrowthofexportsurplusesontheworldfoodmarkethascertainlybeenunexpectedlygreat,partlybecauseastrangesequenceoftwosuccessfulgrainharvests提到國(guó)際食物市場(chǎng)貿(mào)易順差的增加非常大，貿(mào)易順差說明出口多余進(jìn)口，由此可知是國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)增加使得出口加大，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.文章最后一句butrepeatedMinisterialadviceiscarryinglittleweightandtheexpansionprogramisnotworkingverywell提到部長(zhǎng)重復(fù)的建議沒有什么作用，擴(kuò)張計(jì)劃進(jìn)行的不怎么好，由此可知，這個(gè)前景是令人擔(dān)憂的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

12.單選題

Thismethod________myheadache.Itreallytakeseffect.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.soothes

B.sobers

C.soars

D.soaks

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。soothes“安慰，緩和”；sobers“使嚴(yán)肅，使清醒”；soars“上升，高聳”；soaks“浸泡，滲透”。句意：這種方法減輕了我的頭痛，真的起了作用。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

13.單選題

Thereisaconfusednotioninthemindsofmanypersons,thataregatheringofthepropertyofthepoorintothehandsoftherichdoesnoultimateharm,sinceinwhoseverhandsitmaybe,itmustbespentatlast,andthus,theythink,returntothepooragain.Thisfallacyhasbeenagainandagainexposed;butgrantingthepleatrue,thesameapologymay,ofcourse,bemadeforblackmail,oranyotherformofrobbery.Itmightforthenationthattherobbershouldhavethespendingofthemoneyheextorts,asthatthepersonrobbedshouldhavespentit.Butthisisnoexcuseforthetheft.IfIweretoputaturnpikeontheroadwhereitpassesmyowngate,andendeavortoexactashillingfromeverypassengerthepublicwouldsoondoawaywithmygate,withoutlisteningtoanypleasonmypartthatitwasasadvantageoustothem,intheend,thatIshouldspendtheirshillings,asthattheythemselvesshould.Butif,insteadofoutfacingthemwithaturnpike,Icanonlypersuadethemtocomeinandbuystones,oroldiron,oranyotheruselessthing,outofmyground,Imayrobthemtothesameextentand,moreover,bethankedasapublicbenefactorandpromoterofcommercialprosperity.AndthismainquestionforthepoorofEngland-forthepoorofallcountries-iswhollyomittedineverytreatiseonthesubjectofwealth.Evenbythelaborersthemselves,theoperationofcapitalisregardedonlyinitseffectontheirimmediateinterests,neverinthefarmoreterrificpowerofitsappointmentofthekindandtheobjectoflabor.Itmatterslittle,ultimately,howmuchalaborerispaidformakinganything;butismattersfearfullywhatthethingiswhichheiscompelledtomake.Ifhislaborissoorderedastoproducefood,freshair,andfreshwater,nomatterthathiswagesarelow,thefoodandthefreshairandwaterwillbeatlastthere,andhewillatlastgetthem.Butifheispaidtodestroyfoodandfreshair,ortoproduceironbarsinsteadofthem,thefoodandairwillfinallynotbethere,andhewillnotgetthem,tohisgreatandfinalinconvenience.Sothat,conclusively,inpoliticalasinhouseholdeconomy,thegreatquestionis,notsomuchwhatmoneyyouhaveinyourpocket,aswhatyouwillbuywithitanddowithit.

1.Wemayinferthattheauthorprobablylivedinthe（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorprobablyfavors（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredthatinregardtotheaccumulationofwealththeauthor（）.

4.Accordingtotheviewsexpressedinthepassage,peopleshouldbehappiestdoingwhichofthefollowing?

5.Theauthoroftheabovepassagewouldprobablyreacttoanenergyshortageby（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.1960’sintheUnitedStates

B.GoldenAgeofGreece

C.earlydaysofBritishindustrialization

D.EnglandofKingArthur

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.capitalism

B.totalitarianism

C.socialism

D.anarchism

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.equatestherichwiththethief

B.saysthattherobberisabenefactor

C.condonessomedishonestyinbusinessdealings

D.indicatesthattherearefewhonestbusinessmen

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.miningoreforthemanufactureofweapons.

B.cleaningsewagepondsatatreatmentplant.

C.waitingtablesforarichman.

D.helpingapoormandohisjob.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.blamingtherichfortheproblem

B.supportingthesearchformoreoil

C.fomentingrevolutionbythedoor

D.urgingthatenergybeusedmoreefficientlyandeffectively

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.推斷題。根據(jù)文章“AndthismainquestionforthepoorofEngland-forthepoorofallcountries-iswhollyomittedineverytreatiseonthesubjectofwealth.”，可知對(duì)于英國(guó)的窮人，對(duì)于所有國(guó)家的窮人，這一問題在所有關(guān)于財(cái)富的論述中都被完全忽略了?？赏茢喑鲎髡呱钤谟?guó)。下文討論了勞動(dòng)者的生產(chǎn)問題，可推斷出此時(shí)英國(guó)處于工業(yè)化初級(jí)階段。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章“Evenbythelaborersthemselves,theoperationofcapitalisregardedonlyinitseffectontheirimmediateinterests,neverinthefarmoreterrificpowerofitsappointmentofthekindandtheobjectoflabor.Itmatterslittle,ultimately,howmuchalaborerispaidformakinganything;butismattersfearfullywhatthethingiswhichheiscompelledtomake.”，可知資本主義生產(chǎn)帶來了一系列的問題，提出勞動(dòng)者生產(chǎn)任何東西的報(bào)酬多少無關(guān)緊要，問題在于他們被迫生產(chǎn)的東西是什么，并且能夠用自己的財(cái)產(chǎn)干什么?？膳袛喑鲎髡哒J(rèn)為應(yīng)該對(duì)個(gè)人的生產(chǎn)和財(cái)產(chǎn)使用進(jìn)行規(guī)定，可推斷出作者對(duì)社會(huì)主義表示贊成。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章，“IfIweretoputaturnpikeontheroadwhereitpassesmyowngate…outofmyground,Imayrobthemtothesameextentand,moreover,bethankedasapublicbenefactorandpromoterofcommercialprosperity.”，可知作者舉了一個(gè)例子說明了關(guān)于財(cái)富積累，作者暗示了誠(chéng)實(shí)的商人其實(shí)很少。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章，“Ifhislaborissoorderedastoproducefood,freshair,andfreshwater,nomatterthathiswagesarelow,thefoodandthefreshairandwaterwillbeatlastthere,andhewillatlastgetthem….Sothat,conclusively,inpoliticalasinhouseholdeconomy,thegreatquestionis,notsomuchwhatmoneyyouhaveinyourpocket,aswhatyouwillbuywithitanddowithit.”，可知對(duì)于勞動(dòng)者來說，最大的問題不是有多少錢，而是能用錢買什么和做什么，如果是對(duì)生活有利的事，那人們會(huì)感到快樂?？赏茢喑銮鍧嵨鬯幚韽S的污水池是人們會(huì)喜歡的，因?yàn)榭梢詭砗玫沫h(huán)境，對(duì)生活有利。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.推斷題。整篇文章主要提到了財(cái)富集中在富人手中會(huì)對(duì)帶來許多問題，如果財(cái)富完全由富人來支配，那么會(huì)對(duì)生產(chǎn)和使用方式帶來危害。可推斷出作者會(huì)把資源短缺的問題歸咎于富人。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

14.單選題

AppleComputerhasunveileditsnewdesktopcomputerdesign,________alldiskdrivesandprocessorsintoaflatdisplaylessthantwoinchesthick.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enclosing

B.whichcontains

C.including

D.whichintegrates

【答案】D

【解析】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。A選項(xiàng)“圍住，附上”；B選項(xiàng)“這些包括”；C選項(xiàng)“包括”；D選項(xiàng)“這些把……合并在了一起”。句意：蘋果公司公開了新款筆記本電腦的設(shè)計(jì)，（）所有硬盤驅(qū)動(dòng)器和處理器到一個(gè)少于兩英寸厚的平板顯示器中。空格后面有個(gè)關(guān)鍵介詞into，能夠和into搭配的只有integrates，所以答案選D。

15.翻譯題

Muchofthediscussionofenvironmentalproblemsinthepopularpressleavesthereaderwiththeimpressionthatmattershavebeengrowingsteadilyworse,andthatpollutionislargelyaproductoftheprofitsystemandmodernindustrialization.Thereareenvironmentalproblemstodaythatarebothenormousandpressing,butinfactpollutionisnothingnew.Medievalcitieswerepestholes—thestreetsandriverswerelitteredwithgarbageandtheairstankofrottingwastes.Atthebeginningoftheeighteenthcentury,aGermantravelerreportedthattogetaviewofLondonfromthetowerofSt.Paul’sCathedral,onehadtogetthereveryearlyinthemorningbeforetheairwasfullofcoalsmoke.Thepotentialdamagethatweareinflictingonourselvesandonoursurroundingsisveryrealandsubstantial.

【答案】大眾報(bào)紙上關(guān)于環(huán)境問題的許多討論給讀者留下這樣的印象：情況一直在不斷惡化，污染很大程度上是利潤(rùn)制度和現(xiàn)代工業(yè)化的產(chǎn)物。今天的環(huán)境問題是巨大的和緊迫的，但事實(shí)上污染不是什么新鮮事。中世紀(jì)的城市就像瘟疫區(qū)——街道和河流上到處都是垃圾，空氣中彌漫著腐爛廢物的臭味。18世紀(jì)初，一位德國(guó)旅行者報(bào)告說，要想從圣保羅大教堂的塔上一覽倫敦的風(fēng)光，必須一大早趕到那里，趕在空氣中彌漫著煤煙之前。我們對(duì)自己和周圍環(huán)境造成的潛在傷害是非常真實(shí)和實(shí)質(zhì)性的。

16.單選題

AllprogramscelebratingtheSpringFestivalintheCCTVhavebeen（relayed）toevenpartoftheworldthroughsatellites.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.received

B.reserved

C.rebroadcast

D.enjoyed

【答案】C

【解析】句意：央視所有慶祝春節(jié)的節(jié)目都通過衛(wèi)星轉(zhuǎn)播到世界各地。劃線詞的前綴是re-，選項(xiàng)A和B不符合句意，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

17.翻譯題

現(xiàn)在的這十年中，有個(gè)一直使人感到進(jìn)退維谷的問題就是：現(xiàn)代教育究竟應(yīng)是通才教育還是專才教育。一些大學(xué)要求所有學(xué)生都學(xué)習(xí)跨越廣泛領(lǐng)域的共核課程，采取的是通才教育的方法。但有鑒于當(dāng)今信息爆炸和學(xué)生的多文化性，繼續(xù)調(diào)整他們的課程，以滿足學(xué)生更為急迫的職業(yè)需求，采取的是專才教育的方法。而由于沒有設(shè)置共核課程，學(xué)生往往缺乏有效參與到一體化社會(huì)中所必需的共享知識(shí)。

【答案】Oneofthedilemmasofthisdecadehasbeenwhethertoapproachmodemeducationintermsofthegeneralistorthespecialist.Someuniversitiesrequireallthestudentstotakeacommoncoreofcoursesfromabroadrangeofdisciplines,appealingtothegeneralistapproachtoeducation.Yet,choosingthecorecoursesinlightoftoday’sexplosionininformationanddiversemulticulturalstudentpopulationshasnotbeenaneasytask.Howdoesoneselectwhatitisthateveryoneshouldknow?Otheruniversitiescontinuetotailortheircoursestothemoreimmediateprofessionalneedsoftheirstudents,appealingtothespecialistapproachtoeducation.Butwithoutacorecurriculum,studentsoftenlackthesharedknowledgenecessarytoparticipateeffectivelyinanintegratedsociety.

18.單選題

Iam（）ofmakingexcusesforyourrudenesstoourfriends.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.annoyed

B.worried

C.tired

D.angry

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查形容詞用法。A選項(xiàng)annoyed“惱怒的”，一般與with，about，at進(jìn)行搭配，B選項(xiàng)worried“擔(dān)心的，發(fā)愁的”，一般與about，by進(jìn)行搭配，C選項(xiàng)tired“疲倦的，困倦的”，tiredofdoingsth“厭倦，厭煩”，D選項(xiàng)angry“發(fā)怒的，憤怒的”，一般與at，about，over，with進(jìn)行搭配。句意：我厭倦了為你對(duì)我們的朋友的粗魯辯解。因此，C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

19.單選題

NormallyAmericansdonotassesstheirvisitorsinrelaxedsurroundingsoverprolongedsmalltalk;muchlessdotheytakeoutfordinner,whiletheydevelopapre-businesssenseoftrustandrapport.Rapporttomostofthemislessimportantthanperformance.Theyseekoutcredentialsofpastperformanceratherthanevaluatingabusinesscolleaguethroughsocialmanners.Sincetheygenerallyassessandprobeprofessionallyratherthansocially,theystarttalkingbusinessveryquickly.

MostAmericansliveintimesegmentsbyengagementcalendars.Thesecalendarsmaybedividedintointervalsasshortasfifteenminutes.Theyoften"give"apersontwoorthree(ormore)segmentsoftheircalendar,butinthebusinessworldtheyalmostalwayshaveotherappointmentsfollowinghardontheheelsofwhatevertheyaredoing.Timeisthereforealwaystickingintheirinnerear.

1."Americansareslavestonothingbuttheclock."Thismeans（）.

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatsinceAmericansvaluetimehighly,they（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,Americansevaluatetheirbusinesscolleaguebasedon（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage?

5.Whichmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Americansvaluestheclockhighly.

B.Americansareslavestoanythingelseratherthantheclock.

C.Americansareslavestothetimeratherthananythingelse.

D.Americansareslavestoluxuriousclock.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.hatesomeoneelsewastingtime

B.areshort-tempered

C.arerestless

D.hopetogainsomereturnfromthepassedtime

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.pre-businesssenseoftrustandintimacy

B.thepastperformance

C.thesocialcourtesies

D.theprolongedsmalltalk

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Americanshaveoneappointmentafteranother.

B.Betweentwoappointmentstheremightbe150minutesrest.

C.Americanscanalwaysheartheclickingoftheclock.

D.Americansagendasarealwaysfullyengaged.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheThingAmericansDoSaveTime

B.TimeinAmericans'Eyes.

C.Americans'WaytoSaveTime.

D.Time:APreciousCommoditytoAmericans.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句"Timeistreatedasifitwereanalmosttangibleentry."人們似乎把時(shí)間當(dāng)做是一個(gè)實(shí)實(shí)在在的東西來對(duì)待。說明美國(guó)人很看重時(shí)間,選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句,美國(guó)人高度重視時(shí)間,所以他們討厭那些過度浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的人,選項(xiàng)A表達(dá)有誤。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句,如果他們沒有從過去的時(shí)間里得到些什么作為回報(bào),他們會(huì)焦躁不安。也就是說他們希望時(shí)間流逝過后,自己能有所收獲,而不是碌碌無為,所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第四段的倒數(shù)第二句"Theyseekoutcredentialsofpastperformanceratherthanevaluatingabusinesscolleaguethroughsocialmanners."他們尋找過去業(yè)績(jī)的證明,而不是通過社交禮儀來評(píng)估一位商業(yè)同事。選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的首尾兩句可知,美國(guó)人總是被時(shí)間追趕著,能聽見鐘表的聲音。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.主旨大義題。本文主要講述美國(guó)人的時(shí)間觀念。選項(xiàng)B正確。

20.單選題

Parentshavealegal（）toensurethattheirchildrenareprovidedwithsufficienteducationsuitabletotheirage.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.impulse

B.influence

C.obligation

D.sympathy

【答案】C

【解析】句意:父母要承擔(dān)的法律義務(wù)是：要保證自己的小孩獲得充分的適齡教育。

考查名詞辨析。impulse沖動(dòng)，心血來潮；influence影響；obligation義務(wù)，責(zé)任；sympathy同情（心）。根據(jù)to后面的目的可知C符合句意。

21.單選題

Nottoomanydecadesagoitseemed“obvious”bothtothegeneralpublicandtosociologiststhatmodernsocietyhaschangedpeople'snaturalrelations,loosenedtheirresponsibilitiestokinandneighbors,andsubstitutedintheirplacesuperficialrelationshipswithpassingacquaintances.However,inrecentyearsagrowingbodyofresearchhasrevealedthatthe“obvious”isnottrue.Itseemsthatifyouareacityresident,youtypicallyknowasmallerproportionofyourneighborsthanyoudoifyouarearesidentofasmallercommunity.But,forthemostpart,thisfacthasfewsignificantconsequences.Itdoesnotnecessarilyfollowthatifyouknowfewofyourneighborsyouwillknownooneelse.

Eveninverylargecities,peoplemaintainclosesocialtieswithinsmall,privatesocialworlds.Indeed,thenumberandqualityofmeaningfulrelationshipsdonotdifferbetweenmoreandlessurbanpeople.Small-townresidentsaremoreinvolvedwithkinthanarebig-cityresidents.Yetcitydwellerscompensatebydevelopingfriendshipswithpeoplewhosharesimilarinterestsandactivities.Urbanismmayproduceadifferentstyleoflife,butthequalityoflifedoesnotdifferbetweentownandcity.Norareresidentsoflargecommunitiesanylikeliertodisplaypsychologicalsymptomsofstressoralienation,afeelingofnotbelonging,thanareresidentsofsmallercommunities.However,citydwellersdoworrymoreaboutcrime,andthisleadsthemtoadistrustofstrangers.

Thesefindingsdonotimplythaturbanismmakeslittleornodifference.Ifneighborsarcstrangerstooneanother,theyarelesslikelytosweepthesidewalkofanelderlycouplelivingnextdoororkeepaneyeoutforyoungtroublemakers.Moreover,asWirthsuggested,theremaybealinkbetweenacommunity’spopulationsizeanditssocialheterogeneity.Forinstance,sociologistshavefoundmuchevidencethatthesizeofacommunityisassociatedwithbadbehaviorincludinggambling,drugs,etc.Large-cityurbanitesarealsomorelikelythantheirsmall-towncounterpartstohaveacosmopolitanoutlook,todisplaylessresponsibilitytotraditionalkinshiproles,tovoteforleftistpoliticalcandidates,andtobetolerantofnontraditionalreligiousgroups,unpopularpoliticalgroups,andso-calledundesirables.Everythingconsidered,heterogeneityandunusualbehaviorseemtobeoutcomesoflargepopulationsize.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraph?

2.Accordingtothepassage,itwasonceacommonbeliefthaturbanresidents（

）.

3.Oneoftheconsequencesofurbanlifeisthatimpersonalrelationshipsamongneighbors（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthebiggeracommunityis（

）.

5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Twocontrastingviewsarepresented.

B.Anargumentisexaminedandpossiblesolutionsgiven

C.Researchresultsconcerningthequalityofurbanlifearepresentedinorderoftime.

D.Adetaileddescriptionofthedifferencebetweenurbanandsmall-townlifeisgiven

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.didnothavethesameinterestsastheirneighbors

B.couldnotdeveloplong-standingrelationships

C.tendedtobeassociatedwithbadbehavior

D.usuallyhadmorefriends

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.disruptpeoplednaturalrelations

B.makethemworryaboutcrime

C.causethemnottoshowconcernforoneanother

D.causethemtobesuspiciousofeachother

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thebetteritsqualityoflife

B.themoresimilaritsinterests

C.themoretolerantandopen-mindeditis

D.thelikelieritistodisplaypsychologicalsymptomsofstress

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Similaritiesintheinterpersonalrelationshipsbetweenurbanitesandsmall-towndwellers

B.Advantagesoflivinginbigcitiesascomparedwithlivinginsmalltowns.

C.Thepositiverolethaturbanismplaysinmodemlife.

D.Thestrongfeelingofalienationofcityinhabitants.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘下列哪個(gè)陳述最能描述第一段的結(jié)構(gòu)?’。文章在第一段的第一句指出了幾十年前存在的一個(gè)看起來非常“明顯的”事實(shí)。下一句用However一詞表示內(nèi)容發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)折。表示近年來的研究表明這一曾經(jīng)看起來非?！黠@的’事實(shí)其實(shí)是假的。”在這之后便就近年來的研究結(jié)果進(jìn)行說明。所以A選項(xiàng)‘提出了兩種截然不同的觀點(diǎn)?！_。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問‘根據(jù)這篇文章，城市居民…曾經(jīng)是一個(gè)普遍的信念’。根據(jù)文章第一段中第一句“modemsocietyhaschangedpeople'snaturalrelations,loosenedtheirresponsibilitiestokinandneighbors,andsubstitutedintheirplacesuperficialrelationshipswithpassingacquaintances.現(xiàn)代社會(huì)改變了人們的自然關(guān)系，放松了人們對(duì)親屬和鄰居的責(zé)任，取代了他們與泛泛之交的膚淺關(guān)系?！贝_定B選項(xiàng)‘不能發(fā)展長(zhǎng)期的關(guān)系’正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問‘城市生活的后果之一就是鄰里之間缺乏人情味的關(guān)系…’。根據(jù)文章第三段中第二句“Ifneighborsarestrangerstooneanother,theyarelesslikelytosweepthesidewalkofanelderlycouplelivingnextdoororkeepaneyeoutforyoungtroublemakers.如果鄰居彼此都是陌生人，他們就不太可能去掃住在隔壁的老夫婦的人行道，也不太可能留意年輕的搗亂分子?！贝_定C選項(xiàng)‘讓他們不關(guān)心彼此’正確

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘從文章中可以推斷，一個(gè)社區(qū)越大…’。根據(jù)文章最后一段中第五句“Large-cityurbanitesarealsomorelikelythantheirsmall-towncounterpartstohaveacosmopolitanoutlook,todisplaylessresponsibilitytotraditionalkinshiproles,tovoteforleftistpoliticalcandidates,andtobetolerantofnontraditionalreligiousgroups,unpopularpoliticalgroups,andso-calledundesirables.大城市的都市人也比小城鎮(zhèn)的都市人更有可能擁有國(guó)際化的視野，對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的親屬角色表現(xiàn)出較少的責(zé)任感，投票給左派政治候選人，并對(duì)非傳統(tǒng)宗教團(tuán)體、不受歡迎的政治團(tuán)體和所謂的不受歡迎的人持寬容態(tài)度。”確定C選項(xiàng)‘越寬容，越豁達(dá)’正確

5.主旨大意題。題干詢問‘這篇文章主要講的是什么?’。文章在第一段的第一句指出了幾十年前存在的一個(gè)看起來非?！懊黠@的”事實(shí)。后面馬上轉(zhuǎn)折表示近年來的研究表明這一曾經(jīng)看起來非?！黠@的’事實(shí)其實(shí)是假的。之后對(duì)比了大城市與小城鎮(zhèn)中的人際關(guān)系，重點(diǎn)在于指出大城市與小城鎮(zhèn)居民人際關(guān)系的相同之處。并且第二段第二句明確表示“Indeed,thenumberandqualityofmeaningfulrelationshipsdonotdifferbetweenmoreandlessurbanpeople.事實(shí)上，有意義的人際關(guān)系的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量并沒有因城市人口的增多而有所不同。’’所以A選項(xiàng)‘城市居民和小城鎮(zhèn)居民之間人際關(guān)系的相似性’正確。

22.案例題

Feelingstressedoutlately?Hasthedoctorsaidhecannotfindanythingwrongwithyou?Perhapshesentyoutoahospital,butallthe（1）equipmentthereshowthatthereisnothingwrong.

Thenconsiderthis,youmightbeina（2）ofsub-health.Sub-health,alsocalledthethirdstate,is（3）asaborderlineslatebetweenhealthanddisease.AccordingtoaninvestigationbytheNationalHealthOrganization,over45percentofsubhealthypeoplearemiddle-agedor