考研考博-英語(yǔ)-哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Such______thecase,Ican’taffordtosupporthim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.being

B.is

C.hasbeen

D.hadbeen

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：如果是這樣的話，我就負(fù)擔(dān)不起贍養(yǎng)他的費(fèi)用。逗號(hào)后面是完整的句子，所以逗號(hào)前面的部分是句子的狀語(yǔ)，即橫線處應(yīng)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，只有A選項(xiàng)being現(xiàn)在分詞是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，符合題意。B選項(xiàng)is是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；C選項(xiàng)hasbeen和D選項(xiàng)hadbeen不是正確的時(shí)態(tài)用法。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Itisregrettablethatstudentsdonot（

）theirstudentloansandtherebymakeitmoreproblematicforfuturegenerationsofstudentstoobtainthem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reimburse

B.refurbish

C.relinquish

D.recount

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。reimburse償還，歸還；refurbish再磨光，刷新；relinquish放棄，棄絕；recount詳述，重新計(jì)算。句意：令人遺憾的是，學(xué)生沒(méi)有償還他們的助學(xué)貸款，以致于后來(lái)的學(xué)生在助學(xué)貸款的申請(qǐng)上面臨更大的問(wèn)題。根據(jù)therebymakeitmoreproblematicforfuturegenerationsofstudentstoobtainthem.可知A項(xiàng)最符合題意。

3.翻譯題

Parentsofwailingbabies,takecomfort:Youarenotalone.Chimpanzeebabiesfuss.Seagullchickssquawk.Buryingbeetlelarvaetaptheirparents’legs.Throughouttheanimalkingdom,babiesknowhowtogettheirparents’attention.Exactlywhyevolutionhasproducedallthisfussing,squawkingandtappingisaquestionmanybiologistsaretryingtoanswer.

(1)Someday,thatanswermayshedsomelightonthemysteryofcryinginhumanbabies.“Itmaypointresearchersintherightdirectiontofindthecausesofexcessivecrying,”saidJosephSoltis,abioacousticsexpertatDisney’sAnimalKingdominLakeBuenaVista,Florida.SoltispublishedanarticleontheevolutionofcryinginthecurrentissueofBehavioralandBrainSciences.

Younganimalsvaryinhowmuchtheycry,squawkorotherwisecommunicatewiththeirparents,andstudieswithmice,beetlesandmonkeysshowthatthisvariationispartlybasedongenes.

Somelevelofcryinginhumans,ofcourse,isbasedongaspainsandmessydiapers.(2)Butasforthegeneticcontribution,youmightexpectthatnaturalselectionwouldfavorgenesfornoisierchildren,sincetheywouldgetmoreattention.

Beforelong,however,thissortofdeceptionmayberuinous.Ifthesignalsofoffspringbecametotallyunreliable,parentswouldnolongerbenefitfrompayingattention.(3)Someevolutionarybiologistshaveproposedthatnaturalselectionshouldthereforefavorso-calledhonestadvertisements.

Somebiologistshavespeculatedthatthesehonestadvertisementsmaynotjusttellaparentwhichoffspringarehungry.Theymightalsoshowtheirparentthattheyarehealthyandvigorousandthereforeworthsomeextrainvestment.

Thebabiesofrhesusmacaquemonkeyscryouttotheirmothersandtendtocryevenmorearoundthetimetheirmotherswean(斷奶)them.Themothers,inresponse,begintoignoremostoftheirbabies’distresscalls,sincemostturnouttobefalsealarms.

“Initially,mothersrespondanytimeaninfantcries,”saidDarioMaestripieri,aprimatologistattheUniversityofChicago,(4)“Butasthecriesincrease,theyrespondlessandless.Theybecomemoreskeptical.Soinfantsstartcryingless.Sotheygothroughthesecycles,adjustingtheirresponses.”

KimBard,aprimatologistattheUniversityofPlymouthinEngland,hasspentmorethanadecadeobservingchimpanzeebabies.“Chimpscancryforalongtimeifsomethingterribleishappeningtothem,butwhenyoupickthemup,theystop,”Bardsaid.“I’veneverseenanychimpanzeesinthefirstthreemonthsoflifebeinconsolable.”

Maestripieriandotherresearcherssaytheseevolutionaryforcesmayhavealsoshapedthecriesofhumanbabies.“Allprimateinfantscry,”Maestripierisaid.(5)“It’saveryconservedbehavior.It’snotsomethinghumanshaveevolvedontheirown.”

【答案】1.有一天，也許這個(gè)答案會(huì)解開(kāi)人類嬰兒哭泣之謎。

2.但說(shuō)到基因方面的原因，你可能會(huì)認(rèn)為自然選擇會(huì)傾向于吵鬧的孩子的基因，因?yàn)樗麄儠?huì)得到更多的關(guān)注。

3.因此，有的進(jìn)化生物學(xué)家提出，自然選擇會(huì)傾向于所謂的誠(chéng)實(shí)宣傳。

4.但隨著叫聲越來(lái)越多，母親的反應(yīng)也越來(lái)越少，因?yàn)樗齻冮_(kāi)始懷疑哭聲的真實(shí)性。所以嬰兒的嗷叫隨之變少。

5.“這是一種非常保守的行為。這不是人類自己進(jìn)化出來(lái)的?！?/p>

4.單選題

AsweepingreviewofNASA’shumanspaceflightprogramhasconcludedthattheagencyhasanunsustainableandunsafestrategythatwillpreventtheUnitedStatesfromachievingahumanlandingonMarsintheforeseeablefuture.

The286NationalResearchCouncil(NRC)reportsaysthattocontinueonthepresentcourseunderbudgetsthatdon’tkeeppacewithinflation“istoinvitefailure,disillusionment,andthelossofthelongstandinginternationalperceptionthathumanspaceflightissomethingtheUnitedStatesdoesbest.”

Amajorargumentagainstreturningtothemoonwasthatitdidn’tpencilout一thattherewasn’tnearlyenoughmoneydedicatedtotheprogram.IfthegoalisahumanlandingonMars,thecurrentstrategywon’twork.

“Absentaveryfundamentalchangeinthenation’swayofdoingbusiness,itisnotrealistictobelievethatwecanachievetheconsensusgoalofreachingMars,”MitchDaniels,theformerIndianagovernorandco-chairofthecommittee,saidWednesdaymorninginaninterview.

A2009committeeappointedbyObamaurgedNASAtokeepitsoptionsopenwhileinvestinginspaceflighttechnologyandlettingthecommercialsectorhandleroutinetripstolowEarthorbit.ButtheNRCreviewersarguethatNASAanditsinternationalpartnersshouldfocusonthe“horizongoal”ofMarsanddowhateverittakestogetthere,stepbystep,avoidingchangesinstrategicdirection.

NASAofficials,awarethatcriticsseetheagencyasadrift,saytheyhavealreadybeenmovinginthedirectionadvocatedbytheNRC.TheirstrategytargetsMars,justastheNRCreportnowdemands,theysay.“AllthisworkwilleventuallyenableastronautmissionstoMars，”NASAAdministratorCharlesBoldensaidinarecentNASAwhitepaper.

“NASA’sbeendoingsomework,andhasbeendoingsomethinkingoverthelastsixmonths,that

isinalignmentwithwhattheNRCsaysthetop-levelgoalsare，”saidGregWilliams,aNASAdeputyassociateadministrator.

ButWilliamswascooltothesuggestionofareturntothemoon,sayingtheairlessmoonofferslittlehelpindevelopingthekindofdescentandlandingtechniquesneededonMars,whichhasathin,troublesomeatmosphere.

TheNRCcommitteeprobedthephilosophicalquestionofwhywesendpeopleintospacetobeginwith.Thecommitteeconcludedthatthepurelypractical,economicbenefitsofhumanspaceflightdonotjustifythecostsbutthattheaspirationalnatureoftheendeavormaymakeitworththeeffort.

1.ThereviewofNASA’shumanspaceflightprogramisdescribedas（

）.

2.TheNationalResearchCouncilreportimpliesthat

（

）.

3.AccordingtoMitchDaniels,reachingMars

（

）.

4.A2009committeeappointedbyObamaarguedthatNASAshould

（

）.

5.NASAiscriticizedfor

（

）.

6.TheNRCcommitteeclaimedthatspaceflight（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.timely

B.extensive

C.critical

D.notable

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theU.S.playsaleadingroleinspaceflight

B.internationalcooperationrequiresmorebudget

C.theprogram’schancesofsuccessareslim

D.thepublicneedtogivemoresupporttotheprogram

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.lacksfundingfromthebusinessworld

B.isaprojectthathasmadegreatachievements

C.isagenerallyacceptedobjective

D.willchangethecountryinvariousways

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.becomemorecommercialized

B.paymoreattentiontolow-Earth-orbitprojects

C.becomemorerealisticwithitsstrategies

D.makemoreeffortsindifferentspaceprograms

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.lackingconsistentgoals

B.beingoverambitious

C.demandingtoomuchfund

D.havinglow-qualitystaff

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.deservesdevotion

B.bringseconomicbenefits

C.wouldhaveanuncertainfuture

D.shouldusethetechniquesofmoon-landing

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第一段。根據(jù)“AsweepingreviewofNASA’shumanspaceflightprogramhasconcludedthattheagencyhasanunsustainableandunsafestrategythatwillpreventtheUnitedStatesfromachievingahumanlandingonMarsintheforeseeablefuture.（對(duì)美國(guó)宇航局載人航天計(jì)劃的全面審查得出結(jié)論，該機(jī)構(gòu)有一個(gè)不可持續(xù)和不安全的戰(zhàn)略，將阻止美國(guó)在可預(yù)見(jiàn)的未來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)人類登陸火星。）”，即可得出本題答案。

2.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“TheNationalResearchCouncil”,可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第二段。根據(jù)“humanspaceflightissomethingtheUnitedStatesdoesbest（人類太空飛行是美國(guó)做得最好的事情）”,即可得出本題答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“MitchDaniels”,可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第四段。根據(jù)“Absentaveryfundamentalchangeinthenation’swayofdoingbusiness,itisnotrealistictobelievethatwecanachievetheconsensusgoalofreachingMars（目前國(guó)家在做事的方式上缺少根本性的改變，(而一味地)認(rèn)為我們可以完成到達(dá)火星這一大家共識(shí)的目標(biāo)是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。）”,即可得出本題答案。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第五段，根據(jù)“tokeepitsoptionsopenwhileinvestinginspaceflighttechnologyandlettingthecommercialsectorhandleroutinetripstolowEarthorbit（在投資航天技術(shù)和讓商業(yè)部門處理常規(guī)近地軌道旅行的同時(shí)，保持其選擇的開(kāi)放性）”,即可得出本題答案。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第五段。根據(jù)“…shouldfocusonthe“horizongoal”ofMars（航天局應(yīng)該專注于在火星項(xiàng)目范圍內(nèi)的目標(biāo)）”，即可進(jìn)行合理推斷，從而得出本題答案。

6.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文最后一段。根據(jù)“theaspirationalnatureoftheendeavormaymakeitworththeeffort（努力的渴望性質(zhì)可能使其值得付出努力）”，即可得出本題答案。

5.單選題

Physicallywefeelcomfortable.But（

）,wesufferalot.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.psychologically

B.moderately

C.naturally

D.precisely

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。psychologically“心理上地”；moderately“適度地”；naturally“自然地”；precisely“精準(zhǔn)地”。句意：我們身體上很舒服，但是精神上備受折磨。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

Withacandleinhand,hecarefully（）theflightofnarrowstairstohisbedroom.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.asserted

B.ascertained

C.assembled

D.ascended

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。assert斷言，堅(jiān)持，維護(hù)；ascertain查明，確定；assemble聚集，集合；ascend攀登，上升。句意：他手里拿著蠟燭，小心翼翼地登上狹窄的樓梯，來(lái)到自己的臥室。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

7.單選題

Ifyou（

）someone,youformafixedgeneralideaorimageofthemsothatyouassumethattheywillbehaveinaparticularway.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.assimilate

B.simulate

C.stereotype

D.subordinate

【答案】C

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Assimilate“吸收，同化”；simulate“刺激”；stereotype“使成成規(guī)，使變得刻板”；subordinate“使從屬，使服從”。句意：如果你用刻板的觀點(diǎn)看別人，你腦海中就形成了他們的一個(gè)大題想法和形象，因此你就會(huì)認(rèn)為他們的一言一行都是按照特定的方式來(lái)的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.單選題

Sharkshaveanundeservedreputationforbeingbloodthirstykillersthatroutinelymakesnacksoutoftourists.Althoughtheriskofgettingeatenbyasharkisextremelysmall,thesamecannotbesaidforunderwaterfiber-opticcablesthatcarrydataaroundtheworld.

Itseemssharkshaveamightycravingforthesevitalintercontinentalcommunicationlinks,whichhassetGoogleonamissiontoreinforceitstrans—PacificcablesbywrappingtheminaKevlar—likematerial.GoogleproductmanagerDanBelcherrevealedtheirshark-proofingeffortsatamarketingmeetinginBoston,NetworkWorldreports.

Butwhyaresharkszeroinginonourglobalcommunicationnetworks?SharkshaveanuncannyabilitytosenseelectromagneticfieldsinthewaterusingtinydetectorsintheirsnoutscalledampullaofLorenzini.Theorgans,whichlooklikefreckles,senseevenminutechangestoelectricalfieldsinthewater,helpingsharksfindprey,navigateorlocatefiber-opticcables.

“Nodoubttheelectromagneticfeldsassociatedwiththesewiresarehighlyattractivetothesesharks,”GeorgeBurgess,directoroftheFloridaProgramforSharkResearch,toldUSA.

Interestingly,sharksdon’tseemtobeluredtotheoldercoppercablesthatrununderwater.It’sledtospeculationthatsharksconfusethehigh-voltage,magneticemissionsfromfiber-opticcableswiththesignalsgivenoffbyfish.Updatedcableswillthuslikelyprotectthesharksandreduceenergy-wastingattacks.

Sharkshavebeengivingglobalcommunicationscompaniesheadachessincethe1980s.AccordingtotheNewYorkTime,afewsharkteethwerefoundplantedinacableoftheCanaryIslandsin1985.Everyyear,morethan50repairsareneededonunderseatranscontinentalcommunicationlinesduetodamagefromwildlife,fishingtrawlersandearthquakes,TheGuardianreports.

Google’sreinforcedcableswillbeinstalledaspartofanew$300millionsystemconnectingtheUnitedStatestoJapan,accordingtoapressreleasefromprojectpartnerNEC.ItwillresultinanInternetconnectionthatrelaysinformationacrossthePacificOceanat60terabytespersecond.That’sgoodnewsforInternetusers,butmaybethesharkshaveahiddenreason:Perhapsthey’resimplyfedupwithfear-mongeringdocumentariesthatcasttheminanegativelight.

1.Whatdoes“thesame”inParagraph1referto?

2.WhatisemphasizedinParagraph2?

3.Whydosharksbitefiber-opticcables?

4.Itcanbelearnedthatsharks（）.

5.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thekillersmakingsnacksoutoftourists.

B.Theriskofgettingeatenbysharks.

C.Theundeservedreputationofsharks.

D.Thesmallchanceofsharkattacks.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thedamagetocablescausedbysharks.

B.Thecostofunderseacablelines.

C.Thefunctionofunderwatercameras.

D.Thedevelopmentofunderseacables.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theymistakecablesforfish.

B.Theylikebitingcable-shapedobjects.

C.Theyarecuriousaboutcables.

D.Theyenjoythetasteofcables.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.likebothcoppercablesandfiber-opticcables

B.prefercoppercablestofiber-opticcables

C.areattractedtofiber-opticcablesonly

D.areattractedtocoppercablesonly

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Sharksarenobloodthirstykillers.

B.Howsharkspicksignalsfromcables.

C.Sharksbenefitfromelectricalfield.

D.Fiber-opticcablesaresharks’prey.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.詞義猜測(cè)題。由“Althoughtheriskofgettingeatenbyasharkisextremelysmall,thesamecannotbesaidforunderwaterfiber-opticcablesthatcarrydataaroundtheworld.（盡管被鯊魚吃掉的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)非常小，但在全球范圍內(nèi)傳輸數(shù)據(jù)的水下光纜卻并非如此。）”可知，雖然人類被鯊魚吃掉的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)很小，但是水下光纜被鯊魚吃掉的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)卻并非如此。所以thesame表示被鯊魚吃掉的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。A選項(xiàng)“鯊魚拿游客當(dāng)點(diǎn)心”；C選項(xiàng)“鯊魚被冤枉的名聲”；D選項(xiàng)“被鯊魚攻擊的幾率很小”都與上下文不符，因此B選項(xiàng)“被鯊魚吃掉的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”正確。

2.主旨大意題。第二段的最后一句話說(shuō)到“GoogleproductmanagerDanBelcherrevealedtheirshark-proofingeffortsatamarketingmeetinginBoston,NetworkWorldreports.（據(jù)《網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界》報(bào)道，谷歌產(chǎn)品經(jīng)理丹?貝爾徹在波士頓的市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷會(huì)議上透露了他們的防鯊魚努力。）”，說(shuō)明為了防止鯊魚對(duì)電纜的破壞，人們做了很多努力，所以該段落更側(cè)重于暗示鯊魚對(duì)電纜造成的破壞。B選項(xiàng)“海底電纜線路的費(fèi)用”在第二段沒(méi)有表現(xiàn)出來(lái)；C選項(xiàng)“水下相機(jī)的功能”第二段沒(méi)有提到；D選項(xiàng)“海底電纜的發(fā)展”第二段也沒(méi)有提到。因此A選項(xiàng)“鯊魚對(duì)電纜造成的損壞”正確。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第五段寫道“It’sledtospeculationthatsharksconfusethehigh-voltage,magneticemissionsfromfiber-opticcableswiththesignalsgivenoffbyfish.（人們猜測(cè)鯊魚會(huì)將光纖電纜發(fā)出的高壓磁輻射與魚類發(fā)出的信號(hào)相混淆。）”，所以鯊魚會(huì)咬電纜是因?yàn)殄e(cuò)把它們當(dāng)成了魚類。B選項(xiàng)“它們喜歡咬電纜形狀的物體”文中沒(méi)有提到；C選項(xiàng)“它們對(duì)電纜很好奇”；D選項(xiàng)“它們喜歡電纜的味道”都與原文不符，因此A選項(xiàng)“它們把電纜錯(cuò)當(dāng)成了魚”正確。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第五段寫道“Interestingly,sharksdon’tseemtobeluredtotheoldercoppercablesthatrununderwater.（有趣的是，鯊魚似乎不會(huì)被海底的舊銅電纜所吸引。）”，由此可知，鯊魚只被光纖電纜吸引。A選項(xiàng)“銅電纜和光纖電纜都喜歡”；B選項(xiàng)“更喜歡銅電纜而不是光纖電纜”；D選項(xiàng)“只被銅電纜吸引”都與原文意思相悖，因此C選項(xiàng)“只被光纖電纜吸引”正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要講述了鯊魚對(duì)電纜光纖的破壞。A選項(xiàng)“鯊魚不是嗜血的殺手”文中并沒(méi)有側(cè)重講解；B選項(xiàng)“鯊魚如何從電纜中接收信號(hào)”文章也沒(méi)有提到；C選項(xiàng)“鯊魚受益于電場(chǎng)”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)“光纖電纜是鯊魚的受害者”更準(zhǔn)確，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Thereportincludesataleofhowanhonorablemanpursuinghonorablegoalswasafflictedwith（）andledhisnationtowardscatastrophe.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pride

B.humility

C.gratification

D.hubris

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)pride“自豪，傲慢”；B選項(xiàng)humility“謙遜”；C選項(xiàng)gratification“滿意，喜悅”；D選項(xiàng)hubris“狂妄自大”。句意：這個(gè)報(bào)告包括了一個(gè)故事，的是一個(gè)高貴的人是如何追求崇高的目標(biāo)，卻由于狂妄自大而受到折磨，從而使他的國(guó)家走向?yàn)?zāi)難。選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

10.單選題

Whenyoutakeapicture,youshould______carefullytogetasharppicture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.preserve

B.fix

C.focus

D.object

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)preserve“保存；維持”；B選項(xiàng)fix“維修；安排”；C選項(xiàng)focus“（使）調(diào)節(jié)焦距；聚焦（于）”；D選項(xiàng)object“反對(duì)”。句意：當(dāng)你拍照時(shí)，應(yīng)該仔細(xì)______，才能拍出清晰的照片。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指的是在拍照時(shí)要調(diào)整焦距，C選項(xiàng)focus“（使）調(diào)節(jié)焦距”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Youcouldarguethatmanyartistshavebecomemore（

）happinessbecausemoderntimeshaveseensomuchmisery.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confidentin

B.skepticalof

C.realisticabout

D.incapableof

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容詞短語(yǔ)辨析。confidentin“對(duì)…有信心”；skepticalof“對(duì)…懷疑”；realisticabout“對(duì)……現(xiàn)實(shí)”；incapableof“沒(méi)有能力做……”。句意：你可能會(huì)認(rèn)為藝術(shù)家們?cè)絹?lái)越懷疑快樂(lè)了，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)代社會(huì)經(jīng)歷了如此多的不幸。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

12.單選題

The______regioniscenteredlargelyinthenorthofthecountry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.telescope

B.wire

C.petrol

D.mineral

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)telescope“望遠(yuǎn)鏡”；B選項(xiàng)wire“金屬線；電線”；C選項(xiàng)petrol“汽油”；D選項(xiàng)mineral“礦物；汽水”。句意：______區(qū)主要集中在這個(gè)國(guó)家的北部。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指含有某個(gè)資源的地區(qū)集中在國(guó)家的北部，D選項(xiàng)mineral“礦物”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Itiswellknownthatwhenanindividualjoinsagrouphetendstoacceptthegroup’sstandardsofbehaviorandthinking.Heisexpectedtobehaveinaccordancewiththesenormsinotherwords,thegroupexpectshimtoconform.Manyillustrationscouldbegivenofthisfromeverydaylife,butwhatisofparticularinteresttopsychologistsistheextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.

Inatypicalexperiment,theexperimenterasksforvolunteerstojoinagroupthatisinvestigatingvisualperception.Thevictimsarenot,therefore,awareoftherealpurposeoftheexperiment.Eachvolunteeristakentoaroomwherehefindsagroupofaboutsevenpeoplewhoarecollaboratingwiththeexperimenter.Thegroupisshownastandardcardwhichcontainsasingleline.Theyarethenaskedtolookatasecondcard.Thishasthreelinesonit.Oneisobviouslylongerthanthelineonthefirstcard,oneisshorterandonethesamelength.Theyhavetosaywhichlineonthesecondcardisthesamelengthasthelineonthestandardcard.Theothermembersofthegroupanswerfirstbutwhatthevolunteerdoesnotknowisthattheyhavebeentoldtopickoneofthewronglines.Thevolunteerseesthattheothermembersofthegroupunanimouslychoosealinewhichisobviouslynotthesamelengthastheoneonthestandardcard.

Whenitishisturntoanswerheisfacedwiththeunanimousopinionofthegroup—alltheothershavechosenlineAbuthequiteclearlyseeslineBascorrect.Whatwillhedo?AccordingtoAsch,morethanhalfofthevictimschosenwillchangetheiropinion.Whatisequallysurprisingisthat,wheninterviewedabouttheiranswers,mostexplainedthattheyknewthegroupchoicewasincorrectbutthattheyyieldedtothepressureofthegroupbecausetheythoughttheymustbesufferingfromanopticalillusion.

1.Psychologistsareinterestedin（

）.

2.Intheexperiment,whohavebeentoldtopickthewrongline?

3.Inwhatcircumstancesdomostpeopleyieldtopressure?

4.Theexperimentsdemonstratethat（

）.

5.Thebesttitleofthispassagewouldbe（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.howfargrouppressurecaninfluencepeople’sjudgments

B.howtomakejudgmentsaccordingtoeverydayexperience

C.howtochangepeople’sjudgments

D.thegroup’sstandardsofsocialbehavior

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thevictims.

B.Thevolunteer.

C.Theexperimenter.

D.Theothermembers.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Whenthegroupisseparated.

B.Whenthegroupisunanimous.

C.Whentheyknowtheyarethevictims.

D.Whentheyareforcedtoanswerquestions.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.nearlyeveryindividualwillbehavedifferentlyfromothers

B.grouppressureiscausedbytheinterferenceofthepsychologists.

C.psychologistswishtochangethepeople’sjudgmentsandopinions.

D.peoplewillchangetheirideasundergrouppressure.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ATypicalExperiment

B.AreWeAfraidtobeDifferent

C.TheGroup’sStandardsofBehaviorandThinking

D.DoseanIndividualNeedtoFollowaGroup’sStandards

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“whatisofparticularinteresttopsychologistsistheextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.”心理學(xué)家特別感興趣的是，團(tuán)體的壓力究竟會(huì)在多大程度上改變?nèi)藗兊呐袛嗪陀^點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“wrongline”定位到第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Theothermembersofthegroupanswerfirstbutwhatthevolunteerdoesnotknowisthattheyhavebeentoldtopickoneofthewronglines.”小組的其他成員先回答，但志愿者不知道的是，他們被告知要選錯(cuò)一條線。這里的“they”指的是上句提到的“Theothermembersofthegroup”，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中超過(guò)一半的被選中的受害者會(huì)改變他們的觀點(diǎn)。大多數(shù)人解釋說(shuō)，他們知道小組的選擇是錯(cuò)誤的，但他們最終屈服于小組的壓力，因?yàn)樾〗M的選擇是全體一致的。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.推理判斷題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)際上是想證明第一段提出的觀點(diǎn)“theextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressure.”團(tuán)體的壓力究竟會(huì)在多大程度上改變?nèi)藗兊呐袛嗪陀^點(diǎn)。最后得出結(jié)論，大多數(shù)會(huì)在團(tuán)體壓力下改變他們的想法。所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。文章在第一段提出觀點(diǎn)“當(dāng)一個(gè)人加入一個(gè)群體時(shí)，他往往會(huì)接受這個(gè)群體的行為和思維標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，后面通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)證明這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)A和C表述太籠統(tǒng)，相對(duì)于選項(xiàng)D，選項(xiàng)B“我們害怕與眾不同嗎?”這個(gè)標(biāo)題更好。

14.單選題

Heisabitofanexpert（

）computers,whichhasbecomesomethinghewouldboasttohisfriends.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.spoutoff

B.feelrightabout

C.getawaywith

D.whenitcomesto

【答案】D

【解析】句意:說(shuō)到電腦，他還是有點(diǎn)在行的。而這也成為他在朋友面前自夸的資本。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。spoutoff喋喋不休,夸夸其談;feelrightabout感覺(jué)是對(duì)的;getawaywith僥幸成功,僥幸逃脫;whenitcomesto當(dāng)提到。故D符合句意。

15.翻譯題

Despitethechokingsmog,Beijingisstillthenumberonechoiceforgraduatejobseekersbasedonits“softenvironment”,accordingtoareportpublishedlastTuesday.TheChinesecapitalisthepreferredchoiceforfindingworkowingtoitssocialenvironment,economicdevelopment,infrastructure,consumptionhabitsandinternationalizedatmosphere.Althoughmetropolisesarestilltopchoicesforgraduatestoworkin,thepastthreeyearshaveseenmoreuniversityandcollegegraduatesworkinprefecture-levelcities,orevensmallercities.

【答案】據(jù)上周二發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告顯示，盡管煙霧彌漫，但基于“軟環(huán)境”，北京仍然是畢業(yè)生求職者的首選。由于中國(guó)的社會(huì)環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、消費(fèi)習(xí)慣和國(guó)際化的氛圍，中國(guó)首都是求職的首選。盡管大城市仍然是畢業(yè)生就業(yè)的首選，但在過(guò)去的三年里，越來(lái)越多的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生到地級(jí)市，甚至更小的城市工作。

16.單選題

Smoking,whichmaybeapleasureforsomepeople,isaserioussourceofdiscomfortfortheirfellows.（1）,medicalauthoritiesexpresstheir（2）abouttheeffectofsmoking（3）thehealthnotonlyofthosewhosmokebutalsoofthosewhodon’t.Infact,non-smokerswhomust（4）inhaletheairpollutedbytobaccosmokemay（5）morethanthesmokersthemselves.

A（6）numberofourstudentshave（7）inaneffortto（8）theuniversitytobansmokingintheclassrooms.Ibelievetheyare（9）rightintheiraim.（10）,Iwouldhopethatitis（11）toachievethisby（12）thesmokerstousegoodjudgmentandshowconcern（13）othersratherthanbyregulation.

Iamthereforeaskingyouto（14）“NoSmoking”intheauditoriums,classroomsandseminarrooms.Thiswillprovethatyouhavethenon-smoker’shealthandwell-being（15）,whichisveryimportanttoalargenumberofourstudents.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Still

B.More

C.Again

D.Further

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.concern

B.trouble

C.interest

D.displeasure

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.in

C.with

D.to

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.involuntarily

B.instinctively

C.spontaneously

D.reluctantly

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.endure

B.suffer

C.undergo

D.putupwith

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.few

B.considerable

C.many

D.quantitative

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.linked

B.connected

C.associated

D.joined

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.make

B.persuade

C.cause

D.commit

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.entirely

B.totally

C.just

D.wholly

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.Butthen

B.However

C.Although

D.Moreover

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.likely

B.probably

C.capable

D.possible

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.pleading

B.begging

C.insisting

D.callingon

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.for

C.to

D.in

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.inscribe

B.decorate

C.maintain

D.claim

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.onhead

B.inheart

C.inmind

D.inyourbrain

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:B

第11題:D

第12題:D

第13題:B

第14題:C

第15題:C

【解析】（1）邏輯關(guān)系。前一句提到吸煙是引起同伴不愉快的原因，空格后一句提到醫(yī)學(xué)權(quán)威表明吸煙還會(huì)損害人體健康，所以前后兩句都是表示吸煙會(huì)帶來(lái)不好的影響，為遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（2）固定搭配。concern“關(guān)心”；trouble“麻煩”；interest“興趣，愛(ài)好”；displeasure“不愉快”。句意：醫(yī)學(xué)權(quán)威們表明了他們對(duì)吸煙帶來(lái)健康危害問(wèn)題的關(guān)心。concernabout“關(guān)心，顧慮”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（3）固定搭配。effecton“對(duì)的影響”，文中提到了抽煙對(duì)吸煙者和不吸煙者都有身體健康危害。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（4）上下文語(yǔ)境。involuntarily“無(wú)心地，不自覺(jué)地”；instinctively“本能地”；spontaneously“自發(fā)地，自然地”；reluctantly“不情愿地，勉強(qiáng)地”句意：不抽煙的人被迫吸入被煙污染的空氣。選項(xiàng)D符合題意，

（5）近義詞詞義辨析。endure特指忍耐的時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間；suffer常指遭受某些糟糕的事情；putupwith指忍受、容忍一些小事；undergo指經(jīng)歷某些過(guò)程。句意：不抽煙的人被迫吸入被煙霧污染的空氣，遭受到的傷害比吸煙的人還要多。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（6）形容詞詞義辨析。few“幾乎沒(méi)有，少的”；considerable“相當(dāng)大的”；many“大量的”，quantitative“定量的”。句意：大量的學(xué)生為教室禁煙做了努力。aconsiderablenumberof“大量的”，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（7）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。link“；連接，聯(lián)系”；connect“連接”；associate“聯(lián)系，關(guān)聯(lián)”；join“加入”。句意：很多學(xué)生加入到這種教室禁煙活動(dòng)中。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（8）上下文語(yǔ)境。根據(jù)文章意思，是勸說(shuō)學(xué)生們禁止在教室抽煙，persuadesb.todosth.“勸說(shuō)某人做某事”，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（9）副詞詞義辨析。entirely“程度上整個(gè)地，徹底地”；totally“整個(gè)地”；just“僅僅，只”；wholly“全部，統(tǒng)統(tǒng)”。句意：他們?cè)谀康纳贤耆钦_的，強(qiáng)調(diào)程度。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（10）邏輯關(guān)系。前一句表示學(xué)生們?cè)谝鈭D上是完全正確的，空格后面就談到希望吸煙者自己能通過(guò)自己的判斷能力或者是提高對(duì)他人的關(guān)心去禁煙而不是靠一些規(guī)則。所以前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（11）近義詞辨析。本空填形容詞“可能的”，所以排除B選項(xiàng)。常用句型“sb.islikelyto”和“itislikelythat”，排除likely,capable“能干的，有能力的”，不符合文意，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（12）動(dòng)詞詞義解析。plead“懇求”；beg“請(qǐng)示”，語(yǔ)氣更加強(qiáng)烈。insist“堅(jiān)持”，在文章中是號(hào)召大家禁煙，所以用“callon”短語(yǔ)，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（13）短語(yǔ)搭配。文章意思為表示對(duì)他人的關(guān)心，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（14）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。inscribe“雕刻”；decorate“裝飾”；maintain“保持”；claim“聲稱”。句意：我在這里號(hào)召大家注意聽(tīng)眾席、教室和研討室的禁煙標(biāo)識(shí)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（15）短語(yǔ)搭配。文章意思為將不吸煙的人的健康和幸福放在心上?！癶ave...inmind”符合文意。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

17.單選題

Ithasbeenshownthatchildrenwhosmokehavecertaincharacteristics.Comparedwithnon-smokerstheyaremorerebellious,theirworkdeteriorates(變壞)astheymoveupschool,theyaremorelikelytoleaveschoolearly,andaremoreoftendelinquent(犯法的)andsexuallyprecocious(早熟).Manyofthesefeaturescanbesummarizedasanticipationofadulthood.

Thereareanumberoffactorswhichdeterminetheonsetofsmoking,andthesearelargelypsychologicalandsocial.Theyincludeavailabilityofcigarettes,curiosity,rebelliousness,appearingtough,anticipationofadulthood,socialconfidence,theexampleofparentsandteachers,andsmokingbyfriendsandolderbrothersandsisters.

Itshouldbemucheasiertopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokethantopersuadeadultstogiveupthehabitonceestablished,butinfactthishasprovedverydifficult.Theexamplesetbypeopleinauthority,especiallyparents,healthcareworkers,andteachers,isofprimeimportance.Schoolrulesshouldforbidsmokingbychildrenonthepremises(大樓及附屬建筑物).ThisrulehasbeenintroducedatSummerHillSchoolwhereIspentmyrules,andeveninthoseschoolswhichhavetriedtoenforcenosmokingbycorporal(肉體的)punishmentthereisasmuchsmokingasinotherschools.Nevertheless,banningsmokingisprobablyonbalancebeneficial.Teacherstooshouldnotsmokeonschoolpremises,atleastnotinfrontofchildren.

1.Inthispassagetheauthorputsanemphasison______.

2.Whichofthefollowingisacommoncharacteristicofyoungsmokers?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Thewriterconcludesthatschoolrulestoforbidsmoking______.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardshiswritingis______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theeffectofsmokingamongchildren

B.thedifficultyinpreventingchildrenfromsmoking

C.thereasonswhychildrenstartsmokingamongchildren

D.themeasurestobansmokingamongchildren

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Disobedience.

B.Laziness.

C.Lackofintelligence.

D.Vanity.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Somechildrenstarttosmokeoutofcuriosity.

B.Manychildrenstarttosmokebecausetheywanttoappearmature.

C.Inordertohavefewerchildrensmokers,parents,teachersandhealthcareworkersshouldnotsmoke.

D.Itisnotasdifficulttopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokeastodissuadeadultsfromsmoking.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.shouldbeintroduced,foritreallyworksattheschoolwhereheoncestudied

B.shouldnotbeintroduced,foritmaycausedisturbance

C.shouldbeintroducedthoughitmaynotworkeffectively

D.needn’tbeintroducedaslongasteachersdon’tsmokeinfrontofchildren

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.objective

B.emotional

C.critical

D.indifferent

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章開(kāi)頭介紹了吸煙兒童的特點(diǎn)，接著介紹了導(dǎo)致兒童吸煙的因素，最后指出防止兒童吸煙非常困難，需要各界做出許多努力，結(jié)合全文可知文章的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是放在防止兒童吸煙的困難上的。因此B