考研考博-英語-吉林大學考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Weagreethatacentralpurposeofdramahasalwaysbeentoprovideameansforasocietyto_______uponitselfanditsbeliefs.

問題1選項

A.manifest

B.reflect

C.invent

D.respect

【答案】B

【解析】manifest證明,顯示;reflect反映;invent發(fā)明,創(chuàng)作;respect尊重。句意：我們一致認為,戲劇的中心思想一直是為社會提供一種反映自身及其信仰的手段。選項B符合句意。

2.單選題

Veryfewscientists（）withacompletelynewanswertotheworld’sproblem.

問題1選項

A.comeon

B.comeup

C.comein

D.comeround

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。comeupwith提出，想出。故答案為B。comeon快點，開始；comearound蘇醒，恢復知覺；comein流行。只有選項B可以和with搭配。句意：很少有科學家能對這個世界的問題給出一個全新的答案。

3.寫作題

Directions:Writeanessayinnolessthan250words.

1.盜版現(xiàn)象日益嚴重

2.盜版造成的后果

3.我對抵制盜版問題的看法

【答案】【參考范文】

TheProblemofPiracy4.單選題

TheexistingchildprotectionlawsinChinadoallowforabusiveparents（）oftheircustodyrights,buttheydonotincludedetailsonimplementation.

問題1選項

A.deprive

B.tobedeprived

C.todeprive

D.beingdeprived

【答案】B

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)句子結構，Theexistingchildprotectionlaws為句子的主語，allowfor作謂語，所以空格的部分應該要填入非謂語動詞，用來修飾前句的名詞laws，因為動詞deprive與其邏輯主語laws之間存在被動關系，選項A和C可排除。又根據(jù)空格中的動作發(fā)生在將來，所以選用動詞不定式表將來。選項B符合題意。

5.單選題

JosephWeizenbaum,professorofcomputerscienceatMIT,thinksthatthesenseofpoweroverthemachineultimatelycorruptsthecomputerhackerandmakeshimintoanotverydesirablesortofprogrammer.34.Thehackersaresoinvolvedwithdesigningtheirprogram,makingitmoreandmorecomplexandbendingittotheirwill,thattheydon’tbothertryingtomakeitunderstandabletootherusers.Theyrarelykeeprecordsoftheirprogramsforthebenefitofothers,andtheyrarelytaketimetounderstandwhyaproblemoccurred.

Computerscienceteacherssaytheycanusuallypickouttheprospectivehackersintheircoursesbecausethesestudentsmaketheirhomeworkassignmentsmorecomplexthantheyneedtobe.Ratherthanusingthesimplestandmostdirectmethod,theytakejoyinaddingextrastepsjusttoprovetheiringenuity.

Butperhapsthosehackersknowsomethingthatwedon'tknowabouttheshapeofthingstocome."ThathackerwhohadtobeliterallydraggedoffhischairatMITisnowamultimillionaireofthecomputerindustry,"saysMITprofessorMichaelDertouzos.“AndtwoformerhackersbecamethefoundersofthehighlysuccessfulApplehomecomputercompany.”

Whenseeninthislight,thehackerphenomenonmaynotbesostrangeafterall.If,asmanypsychiatristssay,playisreallythebasisforallhumanactivity,thenthehackergamesarereallythepreparationforfuturedevelopments.SherryTurkle,aprofessorofsociologyatMIT,hasforyearsbeenstudyingthewaycomputersfitintopeople’slives.Shepointsoutthatthecomputer,becauseitseemstoustobeso“intelligent”，so“capable”，so“human”，affectsthewaywethinkaboutourselvesandourideasaboutwhatweare.Shesaysthatcomputersandcomputertoysalreadyplayanimportantroleinchildren’seffortstodevelopanidentitybyallowingthemtotestideasaboutwhatisaliveandwhatisnot.

“Theyoungsterscanformasmanysubtlenuances（細微差距）andtexturedrelationshipswiththecomputersastheycanwithpeople.”Turklepointsout.

1.Thepassagetellsabout（）.

2.AccordingtoProf.Weizenbaum,whatledtothehackers’strangebehavioris（）.

3.InProf.Dertouzos’opinion,weknowthat（）.

4.Thephrase“todevelopanidentity”（Para.4）means（）.

5.Thepassagetriestoconveytoitsreaderstheideathat（）.

問題1選項

A.thestrangebehaviorofthecomputerhackers

B.theultimateimportanceofbringinglipcomputerhackers

C.differentopinionsconcerningthehackerphenomenon

D.theemergenceofcomputerhackers

問題2選項

A.theirstrongdesiretocontrolthecomputer

B.theirignoranceoftheresponsibilityofaprogrammer

C.theirincompetenceinmakingnewcomputerprograms

D.theirdeliberateattemptstomaketheirprogramscomplexandimpracticable

問題3選項

A.computerindustrywillcertainlymakemultimillionairesofthehackers

B.thehackersarelikelytobeverysuccessfulbusinessmen

C.thehackersprobablyhavebetterinsightintothefuturethanotherpeople

D.onlyafewhackerswillbesuccessfulintheirlaterlife

問題4選項

A.tobecomedistinguished

B.toseekananswer

C.tobuildupacreativeability

D.toformahabit

問題5選項

A.perhapsthehackerphenomenonisnotbadatall

B.thoughthehackersareinfactplayingwiththecomputer,theremaybesomebenefits

C.thecomputerhackersarethehopeofthecomputerindustryoftomorrow

D.thecomputerhackerscouldbeusefulifunderproperguidance

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。全文主要講述了不同人士（Joseph，電腦老師等）對黑客的看法，故C項正確。

2.推理判斷題。由“Whenseeninthislight,thehackerphenomenonmaynotbesostrangeafterall.從這個角度來看，黑客現(xiàn)象也許并沒有那么奇怪?？芍擃}答案在第三段可以找到。由第三段Butperhapsthosehackersknowsomethingthatwedon'tknowabouttheshapeofthingstocome."ThathackerwhohadtobeliterallydraggedoffhischairatMITisnowamultimillionaireofthecomputerindustry,"saysMITprofessorMichaelDertouzos.“AndtwoformerhackersbecamethefoundersofthehighlysuccessfulApplehomecomputercompany.但也許這些黑客知道一些我們不知道的事情。麻省理工學院教授邁克爾?德圖佐斯表示:“在麻省理工學院，那個曾經不得不被人從椅子上拽下來的黑客，如今已成為計算機行業(yè)的千萬富翁。”兩位前黑客成為了非常成功的蘋果家用電腦公司的創(chuàng)始人。”可知這些黑客都成為了計算機行業(yè)的頂級成功人士，他們都是想控制電腦。故A項正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第三段“Butperhapsthosehackersknowsomethingthatwedon'tknowabouttheshapeofthingstocome.但也許這些黑客知道一些我們不知道的事情。”可知C項“這些黑客可能對于未來比其他人有更好的洞察力”正確。

4.詞義題。由第四段“Shesaysthatcomputersandcomputertoysalreadyplayanimportantroleinchildren’seffortstodevelopanidentitybyallowingthemtotestideasaboutwhatisaliveandwhatisnot.她說，電腦和電腦玩具已經在孩子們努力發(fā)展特性的過程中發(fā)揮了重要作用，因為它們可以讓孩子們測試關于什么是有生命的想法。故todevelopanidentity是指孩子通過尋找答案來發(fā)展自己的特性。故B項正確。

5.推理判斷題。作者在本文提到了黑客有著與普通人不一樣的洞察力，他們會把程序編得很復雜，目的只是為了控制電腦。并且文中提到了不少黑客已經成為計算機行業(yè)的頂級成功人士。所以本文提到的黑客與大家眼中的黑客形象有出入，文中描繪的黑客形象并沒有那么惡劣。故A項正確。

6.單選題

[A]Manypeoplebelieve[B]thatNewYorkisthe[C]mostgreatcity[D]intheUnitedStates.

問題1選項

A.Many

B.that

C.most

D.in

【答案】C

【解析】【考查點】最高級用法。

【解題思路】Great的最高級是直接在后面加est，即greatest。所以要把mostgreat改為greatest。該題選擇C項。

【句意】許多人認為紐約是美國最大的城市。

7.翻譯題

航天是當今世界最具挑戰(zhàn)性和廣泛帶動性的高科技領域之一，航天活動深刻改變了人類對宇宙的認知，為人類社會進步提供了重要動力。當前，越來越多的國家，包括廣大發(fā)展中國家將發(fā)展航天作為重要戰(zhàn)略選擇，世界航天活動呈現(xiàn)蓬勃發(fā)展的景象。

【答案】Spaceactivitiesmakeuponeofthemostchallenginghigh-techfieldswhichexertenormousimpactonotherfields.Spaceactivitieshavegreatlyimprovedman’sknowledgeofspace,andprovideanimportantdrivingforceforsocialprogress.Atpresent,moreandmorecountries,includingthevastnumberofdevelopingones,regardspacedevelopmentasanimportantstrategicchoice.Thus,spaceactivitiesaroundtheworldareflourishing.

8.單選題

FirsttherewasaWashingtonPostarticlepublishedshortlyaftertheelectionsonthepresumptivenewHousespeaker,"MutedTonesofQuietAuthority：ALookSuitedtotheSpeaker."Itofferedtheinformationthat"Pelosi'ssuitwasbyGiorgioArmani—theItalianmasterofneutraltonesandmodernpowerdressing—andsheworeitwell."Thearticleatleastappearedinthenewspaper'sStylesection,butwaschock—fullofpsychoanalyticforaysintoPelosi'swardrobechoices,assertingthat"anArmanisuit,forawoman,isatoolforplayingwiththeboyswithoutpretendingtobeone."IwouldwagerthatPelosiisonewomanwhodoesn'tplayaroundwithanyone.

ThentherewasaNewYorkTimesarticleinJanuaryinitsThursdayStylessectiontitled"SpeakingChictoPower."WhilenotingthatPelosi,barelyinhernewjobamonth,hadbroughttheHousetovotesonaminimumwageincrease,stemcellresearchandMedicaredrugprices,thearticlesaid"shediditlookingpreternaturallyfresh,withawardrobethat.whitestillsubduedandover-reliantonsuits,hasseldomsprucedthehallsofCongress."

SimilararticlesappearedintheBaltimoreSunandChicagoTribune.Mentionedwereotherwomenpoliticiansandtheirfashionchoices,suchasSen.HillaryClinton'shairstyleandpreferenceforblackpantsuitsorFloridaRep.DebbieWassermanSchultz'shaircut.Thequestioniswhetherfocusingontheclothingchoicesofseriousfemalepoliticalplayersrisksrenderingthemlessthanserious.Anotherquestioniswhethersuchreportswarrantpreciousspace.Afterall,withrareexceptions,malepoliticiansareseldomscrutinizedfortheirchoiceofsuits.

Somereportersandeditorshaven'tfiguredoutawaytocoverfemalepoliticiansthatdoesn'trelyontheoldstereotypes,saysGailDines,sociologyandwomen'sstudiesprofessoratWheelockCollegeinBoston."Tobeawomanpolitician,youhavetostrategizeandworkhard,andyetwhatmattersiswhatdesigneryou'rewearing.It'sawaytomakewomeninpowerlessscary,"Dinesnotes."It'sputtingwomenintoacomfortzoneforthosewhoarestillbaffledbyhowtotreatstrongwomen."

Thearticlesseemathrowbacktoatimewhenwomenwereonlyspouses,notplayers,saysRuthMandel,directoroftheEagletonInstituteofPoliticsatRutgersUniversity."Tofocusontheirattire,thecutoftheirclothes...istobeindangeroftrivializingwhotheyare,theimportantroletheyplayandthemeaningbehindwomen'sadvancementtopositionsofpower:Thatis,we'removingtoatruedemocracyofsharedleadership."

Theproblemisthemediahaven'tquitecaughtup."Awomanwhorisestoaleadershippositionatanylevelisgoingtodressappropriately,"saysKathleenHallJamieson,professorattheAnnenbergSchoolofCommunicationsattheUniversityofPennsylvania."Itunderscoreshercompetenceandisnotadistraction.Youtakeforgrantedthatitwouldnotbeworthyofcommentanymore."Jamiesonthinkstheunderlyingmotivationforreportingonfemalepoliticians'styleis"thenaturalnewsinterestintalkingaboutwhatchanges,andmendon'tlookdifferent.Thereisauniformformeninpowerandweallknowthatitlookslike.Theonlythingtochangeisthecoloroftheshirtortie."Becausewomenhavegreaterfashionoptions,changestheymakearemoreobviousandinviteanalysis.NowthatPelosi's"uniform"hasbeenestablished,thatshouldbetheendofit.DittoforClinton."Clintonnowhasarangeofwhatshewears."Jamiesonsays."Shehasn'tbeenchanginghairstylesorherpantsuits.Thatisourdefinitionofwhatshewears,andthatshouldendit."

TomRosenstiel,directoroftheProjectforExcellenceinJournalism,thinksreportingthatdescribeswomenpoliticians'appearanceisjustifiedinprofilesofthem.Femalepoliticianswillcertainlysurvivesuchsillycoverage,andsomearguethestoriesareharmless.Butthesewomenarerolemodelsforyoungwomenandofferanalternativetothefashionmodelandcelebrityinsettingthestandardforfemalebeautyandworth.

Dinesworriesthatwhenthemediaemphasizetheappearanceofwomen,itperpetuatesattitudesinthelargerworldthatdevalueandlimitwomen."Thesearefortunate,privilegedwomen,"Dinesnotesofpoliticians,butforyoungwomentryingtomakeitintheworld,howtheylookcanaffecttheiropportunities."

1.Thepassagemainlyabout（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofPelosi?

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueofmalepoliticalleaders?

4.Somepeoplecontendthemedia（）.

5.ProfessorJamiesonbelievesthat（）.

問題1選項

A.thecaptiouscoverageofpowerfulwomenattire

B.fashionablewomenleadersintheUSA

C.theseriousnessoffemalepoliticalplayers

D.theimportanceofmakingpowerfulwomenlessscary

問題2選項

A.Shewascoveredinthenewspaperfashionsection.

B.Shebroughtsomecontroversialideastovoteinthehouse.

C.HerfashionbroughtanextraordinaryfreshnessintheHouse.

D.ShestakedonsomerecreationsastheHousespeaker.

問題3選項

A.Theytrivializefemalepoliticalleadersbyfocusingontheirattire.

B.Theyarealwaysbaffledbyhowtotreatwomeninpower.

C.Theyareseldominspectedcriticallyfortheirstyleofsuits.

D.Theyarepoliticallyrelevantbutdazzlinglycharismaticlooking.

問題4選項

A.paysmoreonwomenpoliticiansthantheirmalecounterparts

B.setsthewomenpoliticiansanalternativestandardforfemalebeautyandworth

C.emphasizestheappearanceofthewomenpoliticianstodevaluatethem

D.isjustifiedtoputtheclothingchoicesofwomenpoliticiansonpreciousspace

問題5選項

A.dressingappropriatelyofwomenpoliticianswouldnotbeworthyofcommentanymore

B.wehavethedefinitionofwhatSen.Clintonwears,andthatshouldbe.endofherstyleanalysis

C.nodistractionwouldbeearnedforthosepoliticiansinuniform

D.womenpoliticianswouldliketomakechangesandinviteanalysis

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.結合全文內容可知,本文主要是講對有權勢的女性穿著所出現(xiàn)的挑剔報道。選項A正確。

2.根據(jù)一二段的內容可知,選項A,B,C在文中均有提及并且表述正確,只有選項D錯誤。

3.根據(jù)第三段的最后一句"Afterall,withrareexceptions,malepoliticiansareseldomscrutinizedfortheirchoiceofsuits."幾乎無一例外地,很少有人去細究男政治家們的服裝選擇。所以,選項C正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段"Dinesworriesthatwhenthemediaemphasizetheappearanceofwomen,itperpetuatesattitudesinthelargerworldthatdevalueandlimitwomen."當媒體強調女性的外貌時,這會在更大范圍內使貶低和限制女性的態(tài)度持久化。選項C符合原文。

5.根據(jù)關鍵詞"Jamieson"定位到第六段第三句"Itunderscoreshercompetenceandisnotadistraction.Youtakeforgrantedthatitwouldnotbeworthyofcommentanymore."它強調的是她的能力而不是一種娛樂。你理所當然地認為這不再值得評論。選項A符合原文。

9.單選題

Inlargepartasaconsequenceofthefeministmovement,historianshavefocusedagreatdealofattentioninrecentyearsondeterminingmoreaccuratelythestatusofwomeninvariousperiods.Althoughmuchhasbeenaccomplishedforthemodernperiodpremoderncultureshaveprovedmoredifficult:sourcesarerestrictedinnumber,fragmentary,difficulttointerpret,andoftencontradictory.ThusitisnotparticularlysurprisingthatsomeearlierscholarshipconcerningsuchcultureshassofargoneunchallengeD.AnexampleisJohannBaehofen’s1861treatiseonAmazons,women-ruledsocietiesofquestionableexistencecontemporarywithancientGreece.

Startingfromthepremisethatmythologyandlegendpreserveatleastanucleusofhistoricalfact,Bachofenarguedthatwomenweredominantinmanyancientsocieties.HisworkwasbasedonacomprehensivesurveyofreferencesintheancientsourcestoAmazonianandothersocietieswithmatrilinealcustoms—societiesinwhichdescentandpropertyrightsaretracedthroughthefemaleline.Somesupportforhistheorycanbefoundinevidencesuchasthatdrawnfrom

Herodotus,theGreek“historian”ofthefifthcenturyB.C.,whopeaksofanAmazoniansociety,theSauromatae,wherethewomenhuntedandfoughtinwars.Awomaninthissocietywasnotallowedtomarryuntilshehadkilledapersoninbattle.

Nonetheless,thisassumptionthatthefirstrecordersofancientmythshavepreservedfactsisproblematiC.IfonebeginsbyexaminingwhyancientsrefertoAmazons,itbecomesclearthatancientGreekdescriptionsofsuchsocietiesweremeantnotsomuchtorepresentobservedhistoricalfact-realAmazoniansocieties-butrathertooffer"morallessons"onthesupposedoutcomeofwomen'sruleintheirownsociety.TheAmazonswereoftencharacterized,forexample,astheequivalentsofgiantsandcentaurs,enemiestobeslainbyGreekheroes.Theircustomswerepresentednotasthoseofrespectablesociety,butastheveryantithesesofordinary-Greekpractices.

Thus,IwouldarguethepurposeofaccountsoftheAmazonsfortheirmaleGreekrecorderswasdidactic,toteachbothmaleandfemaleGreeksthatallfemalegroups,formedbywithdrawalfromtraditionalsociety,aredestructiveanddangerous.MythsabouttheAmazonswerenotforthemale-dominatedstatusquo,inwhichgroupscomposedexclusivelyofeithersexwerenotpermittedtosegregatethemselvespermanentlyfromsocietyBachofenwasthusmisledinhisrelianceonmythsforinformationaboutthestatusofwomen.Thesourcesthatwillprobablytellcontemporaryhistoriansmostaboutwomenintheancientworldaresuchsocialdocumentsasgravestones,willsandmarriagecontracts.Studiesofsuchdocumentshavealreadybegunto,showhowmistakenwearewhenwetrytoderiveourpictureoftheancientworldexclusivelyfromliterarysources,especiallymyths.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.AllofthefollowingarestatedbytheauthorasproblemsconnectedwiththesourcesforknowledgeofpremodernculturesEXCEPT（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingispresentedinthepassageasevidencesupportingtheauthor'sviewoftheancientGreeks'descriptionsoftheAmazons?

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheprobablereactionsofmanymalesinancientGreecetotheideaofasocietyruledbywomencouldbestbecharacterizedas（）.

5.TheauthorsuggeststhatthemainreasonforthepersistinginfluenceofBachofen'sworkisthat（）.

問題1選項

A.comparecompetingnewapproachestounderstandingtheroleofwomeninancientsocieties

B.investigatetheramificationsofBachofen'stheoryaboutdominanceofwomeninancientsocieties

C.explaintheburgeoninginterestamonghistoriansindeterminingtheactualstatusofwomeninvarioussocieties

D.criticizethevalueofancientmythsindeterminingthestatusofwomeninancientsocieties

問題2選項

A.partialcompleteness

B.restrictedaccessibility

C.difficultyofinterpretation

D.limitedquantity

問題3選項

A.TherequirementthatSauromataewomenkillinbattlebeforemarrying

B.Thefailureofhistorianstoverifythatwomenwereevergovernorsofancientsocieties

C.TheclassingofAmazonswithgiantsandcentaurs

D.Thewell-establishedunreliabilityofHerodotusasasourceofinformationaboutancientsocieties

問題4選項

A.confusedanddismayed

B.waryandhostile

C.cynicalanddisinterested

D.curiousbutfearful

問題5選項

A.feministshaveshownlittleinterestisancientsocieties

B.Bachofen'sknowledgeofAmazoniancultureisunparalleled

C.reliableinformationabouttheancientworldisdifficulttoacquire

D.ancientsocietiesshowthebestevidenceofwomeninpositionsofpower.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章提及古代文化研究婦女在各歷史時期的地位受到資料限制而且相互矛盾，之后談及神話和傳說對這一問題的分析，最后作者認為，對這類文獻資料的研究早已開始證明，當我們通過神話來獲取對古代世界的理解，是十分失誤的。因此，綜合考慮，這篇文章的主要目的是選項D。

2.細節(jié)事實題。通過題干關鍵詞定位到原文“Althoughmuchhasbeenaccomplishedforthemodernperiodpremodemcultureshaveprovedmoredifficult:sourcesarerestrictedinnumber,fragmentary,difficulttointerpret,andoftencontradictory.”，中文翻譯：雖然在現(xiàn)代時期己經完成了很多，但前現(xiàn)代文化被證明是更困難的：來源受到限制，數(shù)量有限，不完整，難以解釋，而且常常是矛盾的。因此最佳答案為B選項，只有B沒有提及。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文“IfonebeginsbyexaminingwhyancientsrefertoAmazons,itbecomesclearthatancientGreekdescriptionsofsuchsocietiesweremeantnotsomuchtorepresentobservedhistoricalfact-realAmazoniansocieties-butrathertooffer"morallessons"onthesupposedoutcomeofwomen'sruleintheirownsociety.”，中文翻譯：如果我們先研究一下為什么古人會提到亞馬遜人，下面的一點就變得清晰了，那就是古希臘對于這種社會的廟睡不是太多的被用來表達觀察的歷史事實一一真正的亞馬遜社會的_——而是為了對于婦女在其社會中的統(tǒng)治的預期后果提供一種“道德教導”。以及原文中“TheAmazonswereoftencharacterized,forexample,astheequivalentsofgiantsandcentaurs,enemiestobeslainbyGreekheroes.Theircustomswerepresentednotasthoseofrespectablesociety,butastheveryantithesesofordinary-Greekpractices.”，原文翻譯為：例如，亞馬遜人經常被描述為巨人和馬人的等份物，被希臘英雄殺死的敵人。他們的習俗并不是作為受人尊敬的社會的習俗來呈現(xiàn)的，而是作為普通希臘習俗的真實對照。由此可以推斷出答案選擇C。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文“...toteachbothmaleandfemaleGreeksthatallfemalegroups,formedbywithdrawalfromtraditionalsociety,aredestructiveanddangerous.MythsabouttheAmazonswerenotforthemale-dominatedstatusquo,Linwhichgroupscomposedexclusivelyofeithersexwerenotpermittedtosegregatethemselvespermanentlyfromsociety.”.”。中文翻譯為：是教誨古希臘的男性和女性這樣一個道理，即那些脫離了傳統(tǒng)社會而形成的純女性群體是破壞性的和危險的。有關亞馬遜人的神話是用作論據(jù)來為男人統(tǒng)治的現(xiàn)狀做辯護的，在這種現(xiàn)狀下，純粹地由任一性別構成的群體是不允許與社會永久性地隔絕開來的。由此可知，B項符合題目描述。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到原文“Althoughmuchhasbeenaccomplishedforthemodernperiodpremoderncultureshaveprovedmoredifficult:sourcesarerestrictedinnumber,fragmentary,difficulttointerpret,andoftencontradictory.ThusitisnotparticularlysurprisingthatsomeearlierscholarshipconcerningsuchcultureshassofargoneunchallengeD.AnexampleisJohannBaehofen’s1861treatiseonAmazons,women-ruledsocietiesofquestionableexistencecontemporarywithancientGreece.”中文翻譯為：雖然對現(xiàn)當代的研究成就斐然，但是古代文化的研究要證明更為困難：資料來源數(shù)量有限，支離破碎，難以解釋且經?；ハ嗝?。因此，人們并不特別驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，有關這些古代文化的早期學術研究迄今為止聽憑其流傳下來，而未遭到質疑。其中一個實例就是約翰?巴霍芬1861年論述亞馬遜人的論文，而所謂亞馬遜人，即那些由女性統(tǒng)治的社會，其難置可否的存在與古希臘同期。綜合可知。C選項是其主要原因。

10.單選題

Recentyearshavebroughtminority-ownedbusinessesintheUnitedStatesunprecedentedopportunities—aswellasnewandsignificantrisks.CivilrightsactivistshavelongarguedthatoneoftheprincipalreasonswhyBlacks,Hispanics,andotherminoritygroupshavedifficultyestablishingthemselvesinbusinessisthattheylackaccesstothesizableordersandsubcontractsthataregeneratedbylargecompanies.NowCongress,inapparentagreement,hasrequiredbylawthatbusinessesawardedfederalcontractsofmorethan$500,000dotheirbesttofindminoritysubcontractorsandrecordtheireffortstodosoonformsfiledwiththegovernment.Indeed,somefederalandlocalagencieshavegonesofarastosetspecificpercentagegoalsforapportioningpartsofpublicworkscontractstominorityenterprises.

Corporateresponseappearstohavebeensubstantial.Accordingtofigurescollectedin1977,thetotalofcorporatecontractswithminoritybusinessesrosefrom$77millionin1972to$1.1billionin1977.Theprojectedtotalofcorporatecontractswithminoritybusinessesfortheearly1980’sisestimatedtobeover53billionperyearwithnoletupanticipatedinthenextdecade.Promisingasitisforminoritybusinesses,thisincreasedpatronageposesdangersforthem,too.First,minorityfirmsriskexpandingtoofastandoverextendingthemselvesfinancially,sincemostaresmallconcernsand,unlikelargebusinesses,theyoftenneedtomakesubstantialinvestmentsinnewplants,staff,equipment,andthelikeinordertoperformworksubcontractedtothem.If,thereafter,theirsubcontractsareforsomereasonreduced,suchfirmscanfacepotentiallycripplingfixedexpenses.Theworldofcorporatepurchasingcanbefrustratingforsmallentrepreneurswhogetrequestsforelaborateformalestimatesandbids.Bothconsumevaluabletimeandresources,andasmallcompany’seffortsmustsoonresultinorders,orboththemoraleandthefinancialhealthofthebusinesswillsuffer.

AsecondriskisthatWhite-ownedcompaniesmayseektocashinontheincreasingapportionmentsthroughformationofjointventureswithminority-ownedconcerns.Ofcourse,inmanyinstancestherearelegitimatereasonsforjointventures;clearly,Whiteandminorityenterprisescanteamuptoacquirebusinessthatneithercouldacquirealone.ButcivilrightsgroupsandminoritybusinessownershavecomplainedtoCongressaboutminoritiesbeingsetupas“fronts”withWhitebacking,ratherthanbeingacceptedasfullpartnersinlegitimatejointventures.

Third,aminorityenterprisethatsecuresthebusinessofonelargecorporatecustomeroftenrunsthedangerofbecoming—andremaining—dependent.Eveninthebestofcircumstances,fiercecompetitionfromlarger,moreestablishedcompaniesmakesitdifficultforsmallconcernstobroadentheircustomerbases:whensuchfirmshavenearlyguaranteedordersfromasinglecorporatebenefactor,theymaytrulyhavetostruggleagainstcomplacencyarisingfromtheircurrentsuccess.

31.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto______.

32.Accordingtothepassage,civilrightsactivistsmaintainthatonedisadvantageunderwhichminority-ownedbusinesseshavetraditionallyhadtolaboristhattheyhave______.

33.Thepassagesuggeststhatthefailureofalargebusinesstohaveitsbidsforsubcontractsresultquicklyinordersmightcauseitto______.

34.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,comparedwiththerequirementsoflaw,thepercentagegoalssetby“somefederalandlocalagencies”(inParagraph1)are______.

35.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostweakentheauthor’sassertionthat,inthe1970’s,corporateresponsetofederalrequirements(inParagraph2)wassubstantial?

問題1選項

A.presentacommonplaceideaanditsinaccuracies

B.describeasituationanditspotentialdrawbacks

C.proposeatemporarysolutiontoaproblem

D.exploretheimplicationsofafinding

問題2選項

A.beenespeciallyvulnerabletogovernmentalmismanagementoftheeconomy

B.beendeniedbankloansatratescomparabletothoseaffordedlargercompetitors

C.nothadsufficientopportunitytosecurebusinesscreatedbylargecorporations

D.nothadadequaterepresentationinthecentersofgovernmentpower

問題3選項

A.experiencefrustrationbutnotseriousfinancialharm

B.facepotentiallycripplingfixedexpenses

C.havetorecorditseffortsonformsfiledwiththegovernment

D.increaseitsspendingwithminoritysubcontractors

問題4選項

A.morepopularwithlargecorporations

B.morespecific

C.lesscontroversial

D.easiertocomplywith

問題5選項

A.Between1970and1972,corporatecontractswithminority-ownedbusinessesdeclinedby25percent.

B.Thefigurescollectedin1977underrepresentedtheextentofcorporatecontractswithminority-ownedbusinesses.

C.Theestimateofcorporatespendingwithminority-ownedbusinessesin1980isapproximately$10milliontoohigh.

D.The$1.1billionrepresentedthesamepercentageoftotalcorporatespendingin1977asdid$77millionin1972.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】31.【選項釋義】

31.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto______.31.文章的主要目的是為了______。

A.presentacommonplaceideaanditsinaccuraciesA.提出一個老生常談的觀點及其不準確之處

B.describeasituationanditspotentialdrawbacksB.描述一種情況及其潛在的缺點

C.proposeatemporarysolutiontoaproblemC.對一個問題提出臨時的解決方案

D.exploretheimplicationsofafindingD.探索一個發(fā)現(xiàn)的含義

【考查點】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】文章的結構是總分結構；文章第一句是“近年來，美國的少數(shù)民族企業(yè)既面臨前所未有的機遇，也面臨新的重大風險”，可知文章討論的主題是美國少數(shù)民族企業(yè)所面臨的機遇和風險；文章第一段和第二段前半部分討論的是機遇的一面，后面部分討論的是少數(shù)民族企業(yè)面臨的三個潛在風險；所以推斷，文章的目的是為了描述少數(shù)民族企業(yè)所面臨的機遇以及潛在的一些風險和缺陷，所以B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項中的inaccuracies并不符合原文中的risk，屬于曲解原文；

C選項在原文并沒有討論所面臨的風險的解決辦法；

D選項沒有提到，屬于無中生有。

32.【選項釋義】

32.Accordingtothepassage,civilrightsactivistsmaintainthatonedisadvantageunderwhichminority-ownedbusinesseshavetraditionallyhadtolaboristhattheyhave______.32.根據(jù)文章，民權運動人士認為，少數(shù)民族企業(yè)傳統(tǒng)上不得不面對的一個不利條件是，他們______。

A.beenespeciallyvulnerabletogovernmentalmismanagementoftheeconomyA.在政府對經濟管理不善的情況下尤其脆弱

B.beendeniedbankloansatratescomparabletothoseaffordedlargercompetitorsB.無法獲得與大型競爭對手相當?shù)你y行貸款利率

C.nothadsufficientopportunitytose