考研考博-英語-安徽審計職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽審計職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

WhilethepopulationoftheUnitedStatesincludesagreatvarietyofracialandethnicbackgrounds,Japan’spopulationis（

）.

問題1選項

A.autonomous

B.homogeneous

C.ambitious

D.anonymous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。autonomous意為“自治的”；homogeneous意為“同性質的，同類的”；ambitious意為“有雄心的”；anonymous意為“無名的”。

句意：雖然美國的人口包括各種各樣的種族和民族背景，但日本的人口是同性質的。

2.單選題

HereinourUniversity,moreandmorestudentsareoptingforcomputersciencecourses.

問題1選項

A.opposingto

B.choosing

C.neglecting

D.withdrawingfrom

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。Optfor表示“選擇”；A項opposeto“反對”，B項choose“選擇”，C項neglect“忽視”，D項withdrawfrom“退出，離開”。句意：在我們大學，越來越多的學生選擇了計算機科學課程。因此B項正確。

3.單選題

You’vedonemoreoftheworkthanIhaverecentlysoI’llgiveupmydayoffin（）.

問題1選項

A.offset

B.redress

C.herald

D.compensate

【答案】A

【解析】本題考查了名詞的辨析。offset“抵消；補償”；redress“救濟；賠償；糾正”；herald“使者；先驅”；compensate“補償；賠償”（只有動詞形式），此處應該選擇一個名詞與介詞in搭配表示“補償，彌補”的意思，所以可以排除選項C和D，redress一般不這樣搭配，inoffset是慣用搭配，故正確答案為選項A。

4.單選題

Theproposedchangeinthefederalestatetax,inthedealworkedoutwithPresidentObamaandCongressionalRepublicans,hasramificationsfortheCaliforniaestatetax.

問題1選項

A.outcome

B.projections

C.recommendations

D.prospects

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項outcome“結果，結局；成果”；B選項projections“投射；規(guī)劃；突出；發(fā)射；推測”；C選項recommendations“推薦；建議；推薦信”；D選項prospects“前景；預期；潛在顧客；遠景展望”。句意：根據(jù)與奧巴馬總統(tǒng)和國會共和黨人達成的協(xié)議，聯(lián)邦遺產(chǎn)稅的擬議修改對加州遺產(chǎn)稅有影響。ramifications“衍生物；分支，分叉；支流；（衍生的）結果、影響”，A選項與該詞意思最相近，因此A選項正確。

5.單選題

The（）ofcomputertechnologyhasledtomajorchangesinoursocialandfamilylife.

問題1選項

A.fraudulence

B.arrival

C.dawn

D.advent

【答案】D

【解析】名詞詞義解析。fraudulence“欺詐性”；arrival“到達”；dawn“黎明，開端”；advent“到來，出現(xiàn)”。句意：計算機技術的到來對我們的社會和家庭生活帶來了主要的影響。選項D符合題意。

6.單選題

Youshouldtreatthoseremarkswiththe（

）thattheydeserve,don’tgivethemasecondthought.

問題1選項

A.negative

B.disgrace

C.contempt

D.sarcasm

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。negative“否定；負數(shù)”；disgrace“恥辱；丟臉的人或事”；contempt“輕視；恥辱”；sarcasm“諷刺；挖苦”。句意：你應該以那些評論應得的輕視來對待它們，別再想了。選項C符合題意。

7.單選題

Billisanexampleofaseverelydisabledpersonwhohasbecome（）atmanysurvivalskills.

問題1選項

A.proficient

B.persistent

C.consistent

D.sufficient

【答案】A

【解析】proficient精通的,熟練的;persistent持續(xù)的;consistent連續(xù)的,一致的;sufficient足夠的。句意：嚴重殘疾的人也能夠掌握很多生存證明,比爾就是其中的例證。

8.單選題

IlookedatMumandthought（

）shewasasniceasshelookedmaybeallourliveswouldhavebeenbetter.

問題1選項

A.onlyif

B.ifonly

C.evenif

D.eventhough

【答案】B

【解析】考察固定搭配。onlyif只有；evenif=eventhough即使；ifonly“要是……就”；句意為：我注視著母親，心想：要是她像看上去那么和藹可親就好了，這樣我們的生活也許會變得更好。選項B符合句意。

9.單選題

Someteenagersaresocrazyaboutvideogamesastoplaythemmanyhours（）,ifpossible.

問題1選項

A.onpurpose

B.onhand

C.oncredit

D.onend

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項onpurpose“有目的地，故意地”，B項onhand“在手邊，即將發(fā)生”，C項oncredit“賒賬”，D項onend“連續(xù)地，豎著”。空格前面提到“有些青少年對電子游戲如此著迷，以至于玩了好幾個小時”，由此可知空格部分表示“時間上持續(xù)地，連續(xù)地”。句意：一些青少年對電子游戲如此著迷，如果可能的話，他們會連續(xù)玩上幾個小時。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

10.單選題

ThespygaveGeneralWashingtona(n)（）reportonenemyactivities.

問題1選項

A.confident

B.influential

C.confidential

D.substantial

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。confident“自信的”；influential“有影響力的”；confidential“機密的”；substantial“實質的”。句意：這個間諜給了華盛頓總統(tǒng)一個有關于敵人活動的機密報告。選項C符合題意。

11.單選題

Mamapracticed______bydressingthekidsinhand-me-downsratherthaninnewclothes.

問題1選項

A.avarice

B.thrift

C.benevolence

D.luxury

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項avarice表示“貪婪，貪財”，B項thrift表示“節(jié)儉，節(jié)約”，C項benevolence表示“仁慈，善行”，D項luxury表示“奢侈，奢華，奢侈品”。根據(jù)dressingthekidsinhand-me–downs（給孩子們穿舊衣服）可知，“節(jié)儉”符合語境。句意：媽媽節(jié)儉，給孩子們穿舊衣服，而不是新衣服。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

12.單選題

Treesshouldonlybeprunedwhenthereisagoodandclearreasonfordoingsoand,fortunately，thenumberofsuchreasonsissmall.Pruninginvolvesthecuttingawayofovergrownandunwantedbranches,andtheinexperiencedgardenercanbeencouragedbythethoughtthatmoredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsownway.

First,pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize.Theobjectmaybetogetatreeoftherightheight,andatthesametimetohelpthegrowthofsmallsidebrancheswhichwillthickenitsappearanceorgiveitaspecialshape.Secondly,pruningmaybedonetomakethetreehealthier.Youmaycutdiseasedordeadwood,orbranchesthatarerubbingagainsteachotherandthuscausewounds.Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingbranchesthatareblockingupthecentreandsopreventingthefreemovementofair.

Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordisease,butitisawoundthatwillheal.Oftenthereisaracebetweenthehealingandthediseaseastowhetherthetreewillliveordie,sothatthereisaperiodwhenthetreeisatrisk.Itshouldbetheaimofeverygardenertoreducethatriskofdeathasfaraspossible.Itisessentialtomakethearea，whichhasbeenpruned,smoothandclean,forhealingwillbesloweddownbyroughness.Youshouldallowthecutsurfacetodryforafewhoursandthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.Pruningisusuallywithoutinterferencefromtheleavesandalsoitisveryunlikelythatthecutsyoumakewillbleed.Ifthisdoeshappen,itis,ofcourse,impossibletopaintthemproperly.

1.Pruningshouldbedoneto（）.

2.Treesbecomeunhealthyifthegardener（）.

3.Whyisaspecialsubstancepaintedonthetree?

4.Agoodgardenerprunesatree（）.

5.Whatwastheauthor’spurposewhenwritingthispassage?

問題1選項

A.makethetreegrowtaller

B.improvetheshapeofthetree

C.getridofthesmallbranches

D.makethesmallbranchesthicker

問題2選項

A.allowstoomanybranchestogrowinthemiddle

B.doesnotprotectthemfromwind

C.forcesthemtogrowtooquickly

D.damagessomeofthesmallsidebranches

問題3選項

A.Tomakeawoundsmooth.

B.Topreventdiseaseenteringawound.

C.Tocoveraroughsurface.

D.Tohelpawoundtodry.

問題4選項

A.atintervalsthroughouttheyear

B.asquicklyaspossible

C.occasionallywhennecessary

D.regulareverywinter

問題5選項

A.Togivepracticalinstructionforpruningatree.

B.Togiveageneraldescriptionofpruning.

C.Toexplainhowtreesdevelopdiseases.

D.Todiscussdifferentmethodsofpruning.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)題干關鍵詞“Pruningshouldbedone”定位至第二段：pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize（修枝是為了確保樹木按照所需要的形狀或大小生長）。因此，B項為正確答案。

2.根據(jù)題干關鍵詞“Treesbecomeunhealthy”定位至第二段：Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingbranchesthatareblockingupthecentre…（剪去堵塞中心的樹枝可以促進樹木的健康）。因此推測，樹木中心的樹枝太多不利于樹木的生長，A項為正確答案。

3.根據(jù)題干關鍵詞“specialsubstancepaintedonthetree”定位至第三段：Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordisease...andthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.由此可知，在樹木切口表面漆上特殊的材料就是為了防止病害從樹木切口進入，B項為正確答案。

4.第一段指出：moredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsownway（不必要的剪枝會給樹木帶來更多的傷害）。由此推測，好的園丁只是在必要的時候才修剪樹木，C項為正確答案。

5.通篇作者在闡述什么情況下修剪樹木并且詳細介紹了原因和方法。因此，作者的目的是在修剪樹木方面給予實踐指導，A項為正確答案。

13.單選題

Itisannouncedthatawallethasbeenfoundandcanhe（

）atthemanager’soffice.

問題1選項

A.declared

B.obtained

C.reclaimed

D.recognized

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項declare“斷言，宣稱，宣布”；B選項obtain“獲得，得到”；C選項reclaim“要求歸還，收回；認領（失物）”；D選項recognize“認出，認可，承認”。句意：通知說，有人發(fā)現(xiàn)了一只錢包，失主可到經(jīng)理室認領。結合此處語境，C選項正確。

14.單選題

Whenimaginativementurntheireyestowardsspaceandwonderwhetherlifeexistsinanypartofit,theymaycheerthemselvesbyrememberingthatlifeneednotresemblecloselythelifethatexistsonEarth.Marslooksliketileonlyplanetwherelifelikeourscouldexist,andeventhisisdoubtful.ButtheremaybemilerkindsoflifebasedonotherkindsofchemistryandtheymaymultiplyonVenususorJupiter.Atleastwecannotproveatpresentthattheydonot.

Evenmoreinterestingisthepossibilitythatlifeontheirplanetsmaybeinamoreadvancedstageofevolution.Present-daymanisinapeculiarandprobablytemporarystage.Hisindividualunitsretainastrongsenseofpersonality.Theyare,infact,stillcapableunderfavorablecircumstancesofleadingindividuallives.Butman'ssocietiesarealreadysufficientlydevelopedtohaveenormouslymorepowerandeffectivenessthantheindividualshave.

Itisnotlikelythatthistransitionalsituationwillcontinueverytongortheevolutionarytimescale.Fiftythousand,yearsfromnowman'ssocietiesmayhavebecomesoclose-knitthattheindividualsretainnosenseofseparatepersonality.Thenlittledistinctionwillremainbetweentheorganicpartsofthemultipleorganismandtheinorganicparts(machines)thathavebeenconstructedbyit.Amillionyearsfurtheronmanandhismachinesmayhavemergedascloselyasthemusclesofthehumanbodyandthenervecellsthatsettheminmotion.

Theexplorers-ofspaceshouldbepreparedforsomesuchsituation.Iftheyarriveonaforeignplanetthathasreachedanadvancedstage(andthisisbynomeansimpossible),theymayfinditbeinginhabitedbyasinglelargeorganismcomposedofmanycloselycooperatingunits.

Theunitsmaybe"'secondary,'"machinescreatedmillionsofyearsagobyapreviousformoflifeandgiventhewillandability'tosurviveandreproduce.Theymaybebuiltentirelyofmetalsandotherdurablematerials,ifthisisthecase,theymaybemuchmoretolerantoftheirenvironmentmultiplyingunderconditionsthatwoulddestroyimmediatelyanyorganismmadeofcarboncompoundanddependentonthefamiliarcarboncycle.

Suchcreaturesmightberelicsofapastage,manymillionsofyearsago,whentheirplanetwasfavorabletotheoriginoflifeortheymightbeimmigrantsfromafavoredplanet.

1.Whatdoestheword"cheer"(Para.1,Line2)imply?

2.HumansonEartharecharacterizedby（）

.

3.Accordingtothispassage,somepeoplebelievethateventually（）

.

4.Evenmostimaginativepeoplehavetoadmitthat（）.

5.Itseemsthatthewriter（）

.

問題1選項

A.Imaginativemenaresureofsuccessinfindinglifeonotherplanets.

B.Imaginativemenaredelightedtofindlifeonotherplanets.

C.Imaginativemenarehappytofindadifferentkindoflifeexistingonotherplanets.

D.Imaginativemencanbepleasedwiththeideathattheremightexistdifferentformsoflifeonotherplanets.

問題2選項

A.theirexistenceasfreeandseparatebeings

B.theircapabilityoflivingunderfavorableconditions

C.theirgreatpowerandeffectiveness

D.theirstrongdesireforlivinginaclose-knitsociety

問題3選項

A.humansocietieswillbemuchmorecooperative

B.manwillliveinahighlyorganizedworld

C.machineswilltakecontroloverman

D.livingbeingswilldisappearfromEarth

問題4選項

A.humansocietiesareasadvancedasthoseonsomeotherplanets

B.planetsotherthanEartharenotsuitableforlifelikeourstostay

C.itisdifficulttodistinguishbetweenorganicpartsandinorganicpartsofthehumanbody

D.organismsaremorecreativethanmachines

問題5選項

A.isinterestedintheimaginarylifeforms

B.iseagertofindadifferentformoflife

C.iscertainoftheexistenceofanewlifeform

D.iscriticaloftheimaginativepeople

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:根據(jù)第一段的第一句“...whetherlifeexistsinanypartofit,theymaycheer...lifeneednotresemblecloselythelifethatexistsonEarth.”當富有想象力的人們將目光投向太空，想知道生命是否存在于其它地方時，他們可能會因為想到生命不一定要與地球上存在的生命相同而感到歡欣鼓舞。選項D符合原文。

第2題:根據(jù)第二段的第二、三句“Hisindividualunitsretainastrongsenseofpersonality.Theyare,infact,stillcapableunderfavorablecircumstancesofleadingindividuallives."個體保持著強烈的個性。事實上，在有利的環(huán)境下，他們仍然有能力過個人生活。說明地球上的人們是自由存在的個體，選項A符合原文。

第3題:根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“Amillionyearsfurtheronmanandhismachinesmayhavemergedascloselyasthemusclesofthehumanbodyandthenervecellsthatsettheminmotion.”100萬年后，人類和他的機器可能“融合得像人體肌肉和驅動肌肉運動的神經(jīng)細胞一樣緊密”。所以選項C符合原文。

第4題:根據(jù)第三段“Thenlittledistinctionwillremainbetweentheorganicpartsofthemultipleorganismandtheinorganicparts(machines)thathavebeenconstructedbyit.”那么多有機體的有機部分和由它構成的無機物（機器）之間就沒有什么區(qū)別了。選項C符合原文。

第5題:選項A對想象中的生命形式感興趣；選項B渴望尋找不同的生命形式；選項C認為一定存在某種新的生命形式；選項D批判富有想象力的人。根據(jù)全文可以推斷，選項A更符合原文。

15.單選題

Ringingchurchbellssetsup（

）intheAlpinevalleys.

問題1選項

A.resonance

B.forests

C.churchbuilding

D.priests

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。resonance“共鳴；反響；回聲”；forest“森林”；churchbuilding“教堂建筑”；priest“牧師；神父”。句意：響亮的教堂鐘聲在阿爾卑斯山谷中回響。選項A符合題意。

16.單選題

Thepollutantscanbe（）hundredsandeventhousandsofkilometersbylargeairmasses.

問題1選項

A.contained

B.conveyed

C.contaminated

D.conserved

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項contain“包含；控制；容納”；B選項convey“傳達；運輸；轉移”；C選項contaminate“污染，弄臟”；D選項conserve“保存；將……做成蜜餞”。句意：這大型氣團可以將污染物輸送到數(shù)百甚至數(shù)千公里以外的地方。由題干中的“bylargeairmasses通過大的空氣團”可知“轉移”符合題意，因此B選項正確。

17.單選題

Igetaskedaboutwhatindividualscandotostaycurrentinaworldthatsomehowkeeps_______andrepeatingpatternsailatthesametime.

問題1選項

A.transforming

B.distorting

C.converting

D.contorting

【答案】A

【解析】transform轉換,改變;distort扭曲,曲解;convert使轉變;contort扭曲,歪曲。句意：有人問我，在一個不斷改變的同時又重復著那些模式的世界里，個人如何才能保持與時俱進。這里強調的是變化，所以選項A符合句意。

18.單選題

Inanenvironmentallyconscioustweakonthetypicalwayofgettingfoodtothetable,growingnumbersofpeopleareskippingoutongrocerystoresandevenfarmersmarketsandinsteadgoingrighttothesourcebybuyingsharesoffarms.

Ononeofthefarms,hereabout35mileswestofChicago,SteveTriskowasweedingbeetstheotherdayandcuttingbackashadetreesobabytomatoescouldgetsunlight.Mr.Triskoisaretiredcomputerconsultantwhoownssharesinthefour-acreErehwonFarm.

“Wedecidedthatit’sinourinteresttohaveasmallfarmsucceed,andhavethembeabletohaveasustainablefarmproducinggoodfood,”Mr.Triskosaid.

PartofaloosebutgrowingnetworkmostlymobilizedontheInternet,Erehwonisparticipatinginwhatisknownascommunity-supportedagriculture.About150peoplehaveboughtsharesinErehwon—inessence,hiringpersonalfarmersandturningtheoldnotionofsharecroppingonitshead.

TheconceptwasimportedfromEuropeandAsiainthe1980sasanalternativemarketingandfinancingarrangementtohelpcombattheoftenprohibitivecostsofsmall-scalefarming.Butuntilrecently,itwasslowtotakeroot.Therewerefewerthan100suchfarmsintheearly1990s,butinthelastseveralyearsthenumbershavegrowntocloseto1,500,accordingtoacademicexpertswhohavefollowedthetrend.

“Ithinkpeoplearebecomingmorelocal-minded,andthisfitsrightintothat,”saidNicholeD.Nazelrod,programcoordinatorattheFultonCenterforSustainableLivingatWilsonCollegeinChambersburg,Pa.,anationalclearinghouseforcommunity-supportedfarms.“Peopleareseeingwaystocometogetherandworktogethertomakethissuccessful.”

TheshareholdersofErehwonFarmhaveopenaccesstothelandandaguaranteedpercentageoftheseason’sharvestoffruitandvegetablesforpackagesthatrangefromabout$300to$900.Arrangementsoffresh-cutblossomstwiceamonthcanbeincludedforanextra$120—orforthedeluxepackage,$220will“feedthesoul”withweeklybouquetsofliliesandsunflowersandotherlocalblooms.

Shareholdersarenotrequiredtoworkthefields,buttheycaniftheywant,andmanydo.Mr.Triskosaidhisfamilyknowsthatwithouthisvolunteerlaborandagreementtoshareinthefinancialriskofraisingcrops,thesmallorganicfarmmightnotsurvive.“It’sveryhardforthemtomakeendsmeet,”hesaid,“soIdecidedtogooutandhelp.Weharvest,water,pullweeds,whatevertheyneeddoing.”

Erehwon—theword“nowhere”spelledbackward—startedwithtwoshareholders,reacheditsgoalof140lastyear,andnowhasraiseditstargettoabout200members.

1.Accordingtothepassage,growingnumbersofpeoplebuysharesoffarmsbecausethey（）.

2.ErehwonFarmdiffersfromthetraditionalfarmsinthatitis（）.

3.Wemayinferfromthepassagethatcommunity-sponsoredfarm（）.

4.TheaverageshareholdersofErehwonFarmareentitledto（）.

5.ItisimpliedthatErehwonFarm（）.

問題1選項

A.areconsciousofenvironmentalproblems

B.abandonthetypicalwayofgettingfoodtothetable

C.nolongerdependongrocerystoresandfarmersmarkets

D.liketogrowvegetablesthemselvesinthesuburbanfarms

問題2選項

A.verysmall

B.veryefficient

C.community-supportedagriculture

D.sharedbypeoplefromdifferentplaces

問題3選項

A.isanewconceptemergingintheU.S.A

B.hastocombatwithsmall-scalefarming

C.isgraduallytakingshapeinAmericanagriculture

D.isverypopularasboomingagricultureintheU.S.A

問題4選項

A.cometogetherandworktogetheronthefarm

B.getaguaranteedpercentageoftheseason’sharvestoffruitandvegetables

C.enjoypackagesthatrangefromabout$300to$900

D.buy$120-$220fresh-cutblossomstwiceamonth

問題5選項

A.comesfromthebackwardspelledword“nowhere”

B.isafictionalnameandthereisnosuchafarmintheU.S.A

C.it’sveryhardtosurviveowingtoitssmallsize

D.developssoundly,inspiteofitsfinancialdifficulties

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第一自然段的內容“環(huán)保意識改變了將食物端上桌的傳統(tǒng)方式，相反，越來越多的人轉向了雜貨店甚至農貿市場，通過購買農場的股份來直接獲取來源。”由此可知，越來越多的人買農場股份是受到環(huán)保意識的影響，所以選項A正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“PartofaloosebutgrowingnetworkmostlymobilizedontheInternet,Erehwonisparticipatinginwhatisknownascommunity-supportedagriculture.Erehwon是松散卻不斷壯大的網(wǎng)絡的一部分，主要通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)動員起來，他參與的是所謂的社區(qū)支持農業(yè)。”以及本段最后一句“inessence,hiringpersonalfarmersandturningtheoldnotionofsharecroppingonitshead.從本質上說，就是雇傭私人農場主，顛覆舊的佃農制度。”由此可知，Erehwon農場和傳統(tǒng)農場的不同之處在于它是社區(qū)支持的農業(yè)，選項C符合原文。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文第五段第一句“TheconceptwasimportedfromEuropeandAsiainthe1980sasanalternativemarketingandfinancingarrangementtohelpcombattheoftenprohibitivecostsofsmall-scalefarming.這一概念是在20世紀80年代從歐洲和亞洲引進的，作為一種替代性的銷售和籌資安排，來幫助克服小規(guī)模農業(yè)通常高昂的費用?！庇纱丝芍?，這不是一個新的概念，而且是來幫助而不是來和小規(guī)模農場競爭的，所以選項A和選項B均表述錯誤；根據(jù)本段第二句“Butuntilrecently,itwasslowtotakeroot.但直到最近，它才慢慢生根發(fā)芽”可知，這一概念剛剛生根發(fā)芽，還沒有初步成形，所以選項C錯誤；根據(jù)本段最后一句的內容可知，像Erehwon這樣的農場由以前的不到100家到現(xiàn)在增長到接近1500家，說明社區(qū)支持的農業(yè)在美國蓬勃發(fā)展的農業(yè)非常受歡迎。所以選項D符合原文。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的第一句“TheshareholdersofErehwonFarmhaveopenaccesstothelandandaguaranteedpercentageoftheseason’sharvestoffruitandvegetablesforpackagesthatrangefromabout$300to$900.ErehwonFarm的股東可以自由使用土地，并保證獲得當季水果和蔬菜收成的一定比例，金額從300美元到900美元不等?！庇纱丝芍x項B符合原文。選項A目前還沒有實現(xiàn)；選項C曲解了原文的意思；選項D不是普通股東享有的權利，所以只有選項B正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段首句“Erehwon—theword“nowhere”spelledbackward…Erehwon這個詞是由‘nowhere’倒著寫的”，由此可知，選項A符合原文。選項B在文中沒有信息提及；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內容可知，Erehwon農場不是由于規(guī)模小而無法生存，屬于曲解原文句意，所以選項C不正確；原文也沒有提及財政問題，所以選項D也不正確。

19.單選題

Therearegoodreasonstobetroubledbytheviolencethatspreadsthroughoutthemedia.Movies.Televisionandvideogamesarefullofgunplayandbloodshed,andonemightreasonablyaskwhat'swrongwithasocietythatpresentsvideosofdomesticviolenceasentertainment.

Mostresearchersagreethatthecausesofreal-worldviolencearecomplex.A1993studybytheU.S.NationalAcademyofScienceslisted"biological,individual,family,peer,school,andcommunityfactors"asallplayingtheirparts.

Viewingabnormallylargeamountsofviolenttelevisionandvideogamesmaywellcontributetoviolentbehaviorincertainindividuals.Thetroubleconieswhenresearchersdownplayuncertaintiesintheirstudiesoroverstatethecaseforcausality(因果關系).SkepticsweredismayedseveralyearsagowhenagroupofsocietiesincludingtheAmericanMedicalAssociationtriedtoendthedebatebyissuingajointstatement:"Atthistime,wellover1.000studiespointoverwhelminglytoacausalconnectionbetweenmediaviolenceandaggressivebehaviorinsomechildren."

Freedom-of-speechadvocatesaccusedthesocietiesofcateringtopoliticians,andevendisputedthenumberofstudies(mostwerereviewarticlesandessays,theysaid).WhenJonathanFreedman,asocialpsychologistattheUniversityofToronto,reviewedtheliterature,hefoundonly200orsostudiesoftelevision-watchingandaggression.Andwhenlieweededout"themostdoubtfulmeasuresofaggression",only28%supportedaconnection.

Thecriticalpointhereiscausality.Thealarmistssaytheyhaveprovedthatviolentmediacauseaggression.Buttheassumptionsbehindtheirobservationsneedtobeexamined.Whenlabelinggamesasviolentornon-violent,shouldaheroeatingaghostreallybecountedasaviolentevent?Andwhenexperimentersrecordthetimeittakesgameplayerstoread'aggressive'or'non-aggressive'wordsfromalist,canwebesurewhattheyareactuallymeasuring?TheintentofthenewHarvardCenteronMediaandChildHealthtocollectandstandardizestudiesofmediaviolenceinordertocomparetheirmethodologies,assumptionsandconclusionsisanimportantstepintherightdirection.

Anotherappropriatestepwouldbetotonedownthecriticismuntilweknowmore.Severalresearcherswrite,speakandtestifyquitealotonthethreatposedbyviolenceinthemedia.Thatis,ofcourse,theirprivilege.Butwhendoingso,theyoftencomeoutwithstatementsthatthematterhasnowbeensettled,drawingcriticismfromcolleagues.Inresponse,thealarmistsaccusecriticsandnewsreportersofbeingdeceivedbytheentertainmentindustry.Suchclasheshelpneithersciencenorsociety.

1.Whyistheresomuchviolenceshowninmovies.TVandvideogames?

2.Whatistheskeptics'viewofmediaviolence?

3.Theauthorusestheterm“alarmists”(Line1.Para.5)torefertothosewho（）.

4.Inrefutingthealarmists,theauthoradvanceshisargumentbyfirstchallenging（）

5.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthedebateconcerningtherelationshipbetweenthemediaandviolence?

問題1選項

A.Thereisalotofviolenceintherealworldtoday.

B.Somethinghasgonewrongwithtoday'ssociety.

C.Manypeoplearefondofgunplayandbloodshed.

D.Showingviolenceisthoughttobeentertaining.

問題2選項

A.Violenceontelevisionisafairlyaccuratereflectionofreal-worldlife.

B.Moststudiesexaggeratetheeffectofmediaviolenceontheviewers.

C.Acausalrelationshipexistsbetweenmediaandreal-worldviolence.

D.Theinfluenceofmediaviolenceonchildrenhasbeenunderestimated.

問題3選項

A.usestandardizedmeasurementsinthestudiesofmediaviolence

B.initiatedthedebateovertheinfluenceofviolentmediaonreality

C.assertadirectlinkbetweenviolentmediaandaggressivebehavior

D.useappropriatemethodologyinexaminingaggressivebehavior

問題4選項

A.thesourceandamountoftheirdata

B.thetargetsoftheirobservation

C.theirsystemofmeasurement

D.theirdefinitionofviolence

問題5選項

A.Morestudiesshouldbeconductedbeforeconclusionsaredrawn.

B.Itshouldcometoanendsincethematterhasnowbeensettled.

C.Thepaststudiesinthisfieldhaveprovedtobemisleading.

D.Hemorethanagreeswiththeviewsheldbythealarmists.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由第一段onemightreasonablyaskwhat'swrongwithasocietythatpresentsvideosofdomesticviolenceasentertainment.人們可能會合理地問，一個把家庭暴力視頻作為娛樂的社會出了什么問題?可知人們認為展示暴力是具有娛樂性的，故D項正確。

2.判斷推理題。由第三段“Thetroubleconieswhenresearchersdownplayuncertaintiesintheirstudiesoroverstatethecaseforcausality.SkepticsweredismayedseveralyearsagowhenagroupofsocietiesincludingtheAmericanMedicalAssociationtriedtoendthedebatebyissuingajointstatement:"Atthistime,wellover1.000studiespointoverwhelminglytoacausalconnectionbetweenmediaviolenceandaggressivebehaviorinsomechildren."當研究人員淡化研究中的不確定性或夸大因果關系時，問題就出現(xiàn)了。幾年前，包括美國醫(yī)學會(AmericanMedicalAssociation)在內的一些學會試圖通過發(fā)表聯(lián)合聲明來結束這場爭論，對此持懷疑態(tài)度的人感到失望:“此時，超過1000項研究壓倒性地指出，媒體暴力與一些兒童的攻擊性行為之間存在因果關系。”由此可知懷疑論者的研究報告夸大了媒體暴力對于觀眾的影響。故B項正確。

3.詞義題。Thecriticalpointhereiscausality.Thealarmistssaytheyhaveprovedthatviolentmediacauseaggression.這里的臨界點是因果關系。危言聳聽者說，他們已經(jīng)證明暴力媒體會導致攻擊性。由此可知alarmists認為暴力媒體與攻擊行為之間有直接關系，故C項正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第五段“Buttheassumptionsbehindtheirobservationsneedtobeexamined.Whenlabelinggamesasviolentornon-violent,shouldaheroeatingaghostreallybecountedasaviolentevent?Andwhenexperimentersrecordthetimeittakesgameplayerstoread'aggressive'or'non-aggressive'wordsfromalist,canwebesurewhattheyareactuallymeasuring?但是他們觀察背后的假設需要被檢驗。當給游戲貼上暴力或非暴力的標簽時，一個吃鬼的英雄真的應該被算作暴力事件嗎?當實驗者記錄下游戲玩家從列表中閱讀“攻擊性”或“非攻擊性”詞匯所花的時間時，我們能確定他們實際上在測量什么嗎?由此可知，作者首先質疑的就是這些研究者對于暴力的概念。故D項正確。

5.判斷推理題。由最后一段Anotherappropriatestepwouldbetotonedownthecriticismuntilweknowmore.Severalresearcherswrite,speakandtestifyquitealotonthethreatposedbyviolenceinthemedia.Thatis,ofcourse,theirprivilege.Butwhendoingso,theyoftencomeoutwithstatementsthatthematterhasnowbeensettled,drawingcriticismfromcolleagues.Inresponse,thealarmistsaccusecriticsandnewsreportersofbeingdeceivedbytheentertainmentindustry.Suchclasheshelpneithersciencenorsociety.另一個適當?shù)牟襟E是在我們知道更多之前降低批評的聲音。幾位研究人員就媒體中的暴力構成的威脅進行了大量的寫作、發(fā)言和證實。當然，這是他們的特權。但在這樣做的時候，他們往往會說事情已經(jīng)解決了，招致同事們的批評。作為回應，危言聳聽者指責批評家和新聞記者被娛樂產(chǎn)業(yè)欺騙了。這樣的沖突對科學和社會都沒有好處?？芍髡哒J為雙方進行更充分的研究再得出一個合理一致的結論。故A項正確。

20.翻譯題

Chinesecultureisdevelopedaroundcollectivismwhichstressescommunionandharmony.Westerncultureemphasizesindividualism.Intermsofeatingcustoms,chopsticksandknivesandforksaretwodisparateexpressionsofthisculturaldifference.TheChineseliketohavecommunalmealswhereeverybodyeatsoutofthesamebowloffood.Chopstickswereusedinordertodiscouragepeoplefromeatingmorethanothers.Thiswasnotonlyagoodwaytopreservecollectiveness,butalsotolimitindividualism.ItismorestraightforwardintheWest.Peopleeattheirmealsontheirownandthereisnorestrictiononhowtoeat.

【答案】中國文化推崇集體主義，崇尚共有，融合；西方文化崇尚個體。體現(xiàn)在吃飯的方式上就是筷子和刀叉的不同。中國人實行合餐制，用餐的人在一個盤中取食，用筷子可以限制個別人大量取食。如此一來，既保留了集體主義的形態(tài)，個人利益又不會受太大影響。西方人就簡單一些，每個人吃自己盤里的食物，吃法也沒有什么嚴格限制。

21.單選題

Therewassnoweverywhere,sothattheshapeofthingswasdifficultto（）.

問題1選項

A.identify

B.authorize

C.justify

D.rationalize

【答案】A

【解析】identify識別，認同；authorize授權給，許可，批準；justify替……辯護，證明合法；nationalize使合理化。句意：到處都是雪，所以東西的形狀很難辨認。選項A符合句意。

22.單選題

Generally,itisonlywhenanimalsaretrappedthatthey（）toviolenceinordertoescape.

問題1選項

A.proceed

B.appeal

C.resort

D.incline

【答案】C

【解析】句意:一般來說，動物只有在落入圈套時，為了逃命才會采取暴力行為。

考查動詞辨析。proceed繼續(xù)前進，開始；appeal懇求，呼吁；resort訴諸，憑借某些手段，通常與介詞to搭配；incline傾向于。