考研考博-英語-太原科技大學(xué)華科學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-太原科技大學(xué)華科學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Asanurse,Dorothyisanaturalhealerwhoisendowedwithcompassionandhasavarietyofmodalitiestobenefitherpatientsofallages.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bravery

B.expertise

C.proficiency

D.sympathy

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.bravery勇敢B.expertise專門知識；專門技術(shù)

C.proficiency精通；熟練D.sympathy同情；慰問

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】由本句句意可知作為一名護(hù)士，所應(yīng)該有的是同情心以及專業(yè)的知識，而從前半句中的“naturalhealer（天生的治療師）”可知天生所擁有的是同情心，所以D選項(xiàng)“同情，慰問”符合題意。劃線單詞compassion“同情”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)bravery勇敢，與護(hù)士治療病人無關(guān)，不符合句意；

B選項(xiàng)expertise專門知識；專門技術(shù)，因?yàn)檎f的是天生的治療師，因此應(yīng)該是天生所具有的品格，專門知識是后天所擁有的；

C選項(xiàng)proficiency精通；熟練，這也是后天才具備的，不符合句意。

【句意】作為一名護(hù)士，多蘿西是一個天生的治療師，她被賦予了同情心，有各種各樣的方式來幫助她的所有年齡的病人。

2.單選題

Itisfrequentlyassumedthatthemechanizationofworkhasarevolutionaryeffectonthelivesofthepeoplewhooperatethenewmachinesandonthesocietyintowhichthemachineshavebeenintroduced.Forexample,ithasbeensuggestedthattheemploymentofwomeninindustrytookthemoutofthehousehold,theirtraditionalsphere,andfundamentallyalteredtheirpositioninsociety.Inthenineteenthcentury,whenwomenbegantoenterfactories,JulesSimon,aFrenchpolitician,warnedthatbydoingso,womenwouldgiveuptheirfemininity.FriedrichEngels,however,predictedthatwomenwouldbeliberatedfromthe“social,legal,andeconomicsubordination”ofthefamilybytechnologicaldevelopmentsthatmadepossibletherecruitmentof“thewholefemalesexintopublicindustry.”O(jiān)bserversthusdifferedconcerningthesocialdesirabilityofmechanization’seffects,buttheyagreedthatitwouldtransformwomen’slives.

Historians,particularlythoseinvestigatingthehistoryofwomen,nowseriouslyquestionthisassumptionoftransformingpower.Theyconcludethatsuchdramatictechnologicalinnovationsasthespinningjenny,thesewingmachine,thetypewriterandthevacuumcleanerhavenotresultedinequallydramaticsocialchangesinwomen’seconomicpositionorintheprevailingevaluationofwomen’swork.TheemploymentofyoungwomenintextilemillsduringtheIndustrialRevolutionwaslargelyanextensionofanolderpatternofemploymentofyoung,singlewomenasdomestics.Itwasnotthechangeinofficetechnology,butrathertheseparationofsecretarialwork,previouslyseenasanapprenticeshipforbeginningmanagers,fromadministrativeworkthatinthe1880’screatedanewclassof“dead-end”jobs,thenceforthconsidered“women’swork.”Theincreaseinthenumbersofmarriedwomenemployedoutsidethehomeinthetwentiethcenturyhadlesstodowiththemechanizationofhouseworkandanincreaseinleisuretimeforthesewomenthanitdidwiththeirowneconomicnecessityandwithhighmarriageratesthatshranktheavailablepoolofsinglewomenworkers,previously,inmanycases,theonlywomenemployerswouldhire.

Women’sworkhaschangedconsiderablyinthepast200years,movingfromthehouseholdtotheofficeorthefactory,andlaterbecomingmostlywhite-collarinsteadofblue-collarwork.Fundamentally,however,theconditionsunderwhichwomenworkhavechangedlittlesincebeforetheIndustrialRevolution:thesegregationofoccupationsbygender,lowerpayforwomenasagroup,jobsthatrequirerelativelylowlevelsofskillandofferwomenlittleopportunityforadvancementallpersist,whilewomen'shouseholdlaborremainsdemanding.Recenthistoricalinvestigationhasledtoamajorrevisionofthenotionthattechnologyisalwaysinherentlyrevolutionaryinitseffectsonsociety.Mechanizationmayevenhaveslowedanychangeinthetraditionalpositionofwomenbothinthelabormarketandinthehome.

46.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

47.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldconsiderwhichofthefollowingtobeanindicationofafundamentalalterationintheconditionsofwomen’swork?

48.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutmanyemployersbeforethetwentiethcenturyisNOTimpliedinthepassage?

49.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionoftheconcludingsentenceofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theeffectsofthemechanizationofwomen’sworkhavenotborneoutthefrequentlyheldassumptionthatnewtechnologyisinherentlyrevolutionary.

B.Recentstudieshaveshownthatmechanizationrevolutionizesasociety’straditionalvaluesandthecustomaryrolesofitsmembers.

C.Mechanizationhascausedthenatureofwomen’sworktochangesincetheIndustrialRevolution.

D.Themechanizationofwomen’swork,whileextremelyrevolutionaryinitseffects,hasnot,onthewhole,hadthedeleteriouseffectsthatsomecriticshadfeared.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Statisticsshowingthatthemajorityofwomennowoccupywhite-collarpositions.

B.Interviewswithmarriedmenindicatingthattheyarenowdoingsomehouseholdtasks.

C.Surveysofthelabormarketdocumentingtherecentcreationofanewclassofjobsinelectronicsinwhichwomenworkersoutnumbermenfourtoone.

D.Censusresultsshowingthatworkingwomen’swagesandsalariesare,ontheaverage,ashighasthoseofworkingmen.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theydidemploywomeninfactories200yearsago.

B.Theytendedtoemploysingleratherthanmarriedwomen.

C.Theyhiredwomenonlywhenqualifiedmenwerenotavailabletofilltheopenpositions.

D.Theyhiredwomentodomostofthewhite-collarwork.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itsumsupthegeneralpointsconcerningthemechanizationofworkmadeinthepassageasawhole.

B.Itdrawsaconclusionconcerningtheeffectsofthemechanizationofworkwhichgoesbeyondtheevidencepresentedinthepassageasawhole.

C.Itrestatesthepointconcerningtechnologymadeinthesentenceimmediatelyprecedingit.

D.Itqualifiestheauthor’sagreementwithscholarswhoargueforamajorrevisionintheassessmentoftheimpactofmechanizationonsociety.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】46.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一句Itisfrequentlyassumedthatthemechanizationofworkhasarevolutionaryeffectonthelivesofthepeople...（人們常常認(rèn)為，工作的機(jī)械化對操作新機(jī)器的人們的生活以及機(jī)器被引入的社會有著革命性的影響），提出了人們普遍認(rèn)同的一種觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為mechanization為人們的生活和社會帶來了revolutionaryeffect，而該段最后一句提出許多觀察者不同意這種見解；之后，文章以婦女所從事工作的轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槔?，進(jìn)一步論證最后得出結(jié)論：Mechanizationmayevenhaveslowedanychangeinthetraditionalpositionofwomenbothinthelabormarketandinthehome.（機(jī)械化甚至可能延緩了女性在勞動力市場和家庭中的傳統(tǒng)地位的變化進(jìn)程）因此，選項(xiàng)A“現(xiàn)代化對婦女工作的影響證明，普遍認(rèn)同的新技術(shù)具有與生俱來的創(chuàng)新性這一說法站不住腳”最能概括文章的大意。B“最近的研究表明，機(jī)械化徹底改變了一個社會的傳統(tǒng)價值觀及其成員的習(xí)慣角色”和C“自工業(yè)革命以來，機(jī)械化使婦女工作的性質(zhì)發(fā)生了變化”兩項(xiàng)均與文章所持的觀點(diǎn)相左，而D項(xiàng)“婦女工作的機(jī)械化雖然在其效果上極為革命性，但總體上并沒有產(chǎn)生一些評論家所擔(dān)心的有害影響”只是文章提到的一個細(xì)節(jié)，不能概括大意。

47.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意為：根據(jù)文章可推斷作者把下列哪個看作是婦女工作條件發(fā)生根本轉(zhuǎn)變的一個標(biāo)志。文章第三段前半部分是說：在過去的200年里，婦女的工作發(fā)生了很大的變化，從家庭轉(zhuǎn)移到辦公室或工廠，后來主要成為白領(lǐng)而不是藍(lán)領(lǐng)。然而，從根本上說，自工業(yè)革命前以來，婦女工作的條件幾乎沒有改變：按性別劃分職業(yè)、婦女作為一個群體的工資較低、要求相對較低的技能水平和很少為婦女提供晉升機(jī)會的工作都持續(xù)存在，而婦女的家務(wù)勞動仍然要求很高。據(jù)此，只有D項(xiàng)“人口普查結(jié)果顯示，職業(yè)婦女的工資和薪金平均與職業(yè)男子一樣高”，符合作者的意圖。A項(xiàng)“統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)顯示，現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)女性擔(dān)任白領(lǐng)職位”，B項(xiàng)“對已婚男性的采訪表明他們現(xiàn)在正在做一些家務(wù)”，C項(xiàng)“對勞動力市場的調(diào)查，記錄了最近在電子行業(yè)創(chuàng)造了一類新的工作崗位，其中女性工人的數(shù)量比男性多4:1”，均是對文意的曲解。

48.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干：以下關(guān)于二十世紀(jì)以前許多雇主的陳述中，哪一個不是在文章中暗示的？C項(xiàng)“只有當(dāng)合格的男性無法填補(bǔ)空缺職位時，他們才雇用女性”，文中并未體現(xiàn)，當(dāng)選。第一段第三句Inthenineteenthcentury,whenwomenbegantoenterfactories（十九世紀(jì)，婦女開始進(jìn)入工廠），可知A項(xiàng)“在十九世紀(jì)，婦女開始進(jìn)入工廠”是正確的，不符合題意要求，排除；從第二段最后一句previously,inmanycases,theonlywomenemployerswouldhire（在這之前，在大多數(shù)情況下，單身女性是雇主唯一想雇傭的），可知B項(xiàng)“他們傾向于雇用單身婦女而不是已婚婦女”是正確的，排除；從第三段第一句Women’sworkhaschangedconsiderablyinthepast200years…,andlaterbecomingmostlywhite-collarinsteadofblue-collarwork（在過去的200年里，婦女的工作發(fā)生了很大的變化……，后來主要成為白領(lǐng)而不是藍(lán)領(lǐng)），由此可知，D項(xiàng)“他們雇用婦女來做大部分的白領(lǐng)工作”與文章內(nèi)容相符，排除。

49.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干：以下哪一項(xiàng)最能描述文章結(jié)尾句的功能？找到文章結(jié)尾句Mechanizationmayevenhaveslowedanychangeinthetraditionalpositionofwomenbothinthelabormarketandinthehome.（機(jī)械化甚至可能延緩了婦女在勞動力市場和家庭中傳統(tǒng)地位變化的進(jìn)程）。我們從第一段第一句就已經(jīng)知道關(guān)于勞動機(jī)械化的一般觀點(diǎn)是：工作的機(jī)械化對操作新機(jī)器的人們的生活以及機(jī)器被引入的社會有著革命性的影響，所以結(jié)尾句與一般觀點(diǎn)不一致，因此A項(xiàng)“從整體上總結(jié)了文章中關(guān)于勞動機(jī)械化的一般觀點(diǎn)”，錯誤。B項(xiàng)“得出了一個結(jié)論，即工作機(jī)械化的影響超出了本文所提出的整體證據(jù)”，符合結(jié)尾句所要表達(dá)的意思；C項(xiàng)“它重申了它前面一句話中關(guān)于技術(shù)的觀點(diǎn)”，定位到它前一句話Recenthistoricalinvestigationhasledtoamajorrevisionofthenotionthattechnologyisalwaysinherentlyrevolutionaryinitseffectsonsociety（最近的歷史調(diào)查導(dǎo)致了一個重大的修正，即技術(shù)在其對社會的影響上總是具有內(nèi)在的革命性），此句是對主題句的復(fù)述，與末句不一致；D項(xiàng)“這證明了作者同意那些主張?jiān)跈C(jī)械化對社會影響的評估中進(jìn)行重大修訂的學(xué)者的觀點(diǎn)”，并不能從這一句話就知道作者同意那些學(xué)者的觀點(diǎn)。

3.單選題

Ifonlythepatient（

）adifferenttreatmentinsteadofusingtheantibiotics,hemightstillbealivenow.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadreceived

B.received

C.shouldreceive

D.werereceiving

【答案】A

【解析】句意:要是這位病人接受一種不同的治療而不是使用抗生素，他現(xiàn)在可能仍然活著。

語法題?？疾楸硎九c過去情況相反的虛擬語氣。由句中關(guān)鍵詞“insteadofusingtheantibiotics而不是使用抗生素”與“hemightstillbealivenow他現(xiàn)在可能仍然活著”可知這里表示“與過去情況相反的虛擬”，表示對過去的虛擬條件句中,從句謂語動詞為過去完成時。

4.單選題

Hello,mynameisRichardandIamanegosurfer.Thehabitbeganaboutfiveyearsago,andnowIneedhelp.Likemostjournalists,Ican'tdenythatoneofmyprivatejoysisseeingmybylineinprint.Nowtheinternetisallowingmetofeedthisvanitytoanevergreaterextent,andtheoccasionalsneakywebsearchhasgrownintoafull-blownobsessionwithhowhighupGoogle'srankingmyarticlesappearwhenIputmynameintothesearchbox.WhenIlastlooked,mybesteffortwasaratherhumiliating47thplace.Youknowyouhaveaproblemwhenyoufindyourselfcompetingforrankingwitharetiredbasketballplayerfromthe1970s.

NotthatI'maloneinsufferingfromadysfunctionaltechno-habit.Newtechnologieshaverevealedawholeraftofhithertounsuspectedpersonalityproblems:thinkcrackberry,powerpointlessnessorcheesepodding.Mostofusarefamiliarwithsendinganemailtoacolleaguesittingacoupleoffeetawayinsteadoftalkingtothem.Somegoontothewebtosnooponoldfriends,colleaguesorevenfirstdates.MoreofusthaneverrevealhighlypersonalinformationonblogsorMySpaceentries.Afewwillevenuseinternetanonymitytofoolothersintobelievingtheyaresomeoneelsealtogether.Soarethesewebsyndromesandtechnologicalticsnewversionsofoldafflictions,orarewedevelopingfreshmindbugs?

Developingabadhabitiseasierthanmanymightthink."Youcanbecomeaddictedtopotentiallyanythingyoudo,"saysMarkGriffiths,anaddictionresearcheratNottinghamTrentUniversityintheUK,"becauseaddictionsrelyonconstantrewards."Indeed,althoughdefinitionsofaddictionvary,thereisabodyofevidencethatsuggestsdrugaddictionsandnon-drughabitssharethesameneuralpathways.Whileonlyahardcorefewcanbeconsideredtruetechnologyaddicts,anentirelyunscientificsurveyoftheweb,andofNewScientiststaff,hasrevealedhowprevalenttechno-addictionsmayhavebecome.

Thewebinparticularhasopenedupahostofopportunitiesforoverindulgence.TakeWikipedia,Updatingtheentries—somethinganyonecando—hasbecomealmostawayoflifeforsome.Therearemorethan2400"Wikipedians",whohaveeditedmorethan4000pageseach."It'sclearlylikecrackforsomepeople,"saysDanCloselyatCornellUniversityinNewYork,whohasstudiedhowwebsitessuchasWikipediafosteracommunity.TocommittedWikipedians,hesays,thesiteismorethanausefulinformationresource;it'stheembodimentofanideologyoffreeinformationforall.

ThentherearephotologsiteslikeFlickr.Whilemostofuswouldratherdiethanbecaughtsurreptitiouslybrowsingthroughsomeoneelse'sphotos,thereneedbenosuchqualmsabouttheprivatepicspeopleputuponthesesites.MostpeopleusingFlickrandsimilarsitesspenttimeeachdaybrowsingalbumsownedbypeopletheyhadnevermet.Theydothisforemotionalkicks.KhalidandDixsuggest:flickingthroughsomeoneelse'sweddingphotos,forexample,allowspeopletodaydreamabouttheirownnuptials.

Emailisanotherareawherethingscangetoutofhand.Whileemailhasledtoarevivalofthehabitofpenningshortnotestofriendsandacquaintances,theeasewith,whichwecandothismeansthatwedon'talwaysthinkhardenoughaboutwhereourcasualcommentscouldendup.ThiswastheundoingofUSbroadcasterKeithOlbermann,whoearlierthisyearsentaprivateemailinwhichhedescribedafellowMSNBCreporteras"dumberthanasuitcaseofrocks".UnfortunatelyforOlbermann,thewordsfoundtheirwayintotheNewYorkDailyNews.

PamBriggs,aspecialistinhuman-computerinteractionattheUniversityofNorthumbria,UK,saysthelackofcuessuchasfacialexpressionsorbodylanguagewhencommunicatingelectronicallycanleadustoovercompensateinwhatwesay."Themediumissothin,there'slittleroomforprojectingourselvesintoit,"saysBriggs."Whenallthesocialcuesdisappear,wefeelwehavetoputsomethingelseintothevoid,whichisoftenanoveremotionalorover-intimatemessage."

ThehabitofforwardingjokeyemailsorYouTubevideos―thinkDietCokeandMentosfountains—canalsosayalotabouthowpeoplewanttobeperceived,Briggsadds."Werarelywanttobeseenastooserious,sowetrytoprojectmoreofourpersonalityintoemail."Thiscouldalsoexplainwhymanybloggersexposeprivateinformationthattheywouldnevershoutouttoacrowdedroom.

1.Richardfeltdisgracedwhenhefound（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,thefollowingsareconsideredasoneofthewebsyndromes,EXCEPT（）

.

3.WhichofthefollowingistruetoWikipedia?

4.BrowsingFlickrandsimilarsitesshowsthat（）

.

5.Whatdoestheparagraphmainlytalkedabout?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hisarticlewasratedlow

B.hegotadysfunctionaltechno-habit

C.hecomparedhimselfwitharetiredbasketballplayer

D.hebecamemoreegocentric

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.pryintotheprivateaffairsofothers

B.exposinghighlypersonalaffairsonthenet

C.surfingforinformationofcolleagues

D.talkingtonearbycolleaguesbyemail

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Morethan4000pagesareofferedforedition.

B.Morethan2400Wikipediansworkfortheedition.

C.Everyonecandotherevisiononthewebpage.

D.Theentriescontributetopeople'sdevelopment.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.peopledonotcarebecaughtwhilebrowsingthroughother'spics

B.peopleworryaboutuploadingthosepersonalalbums

C.peoplecanmakebetterarrangementoftheirownwedding

D.peopleflickthroughother'sphototostimulatetheirownemotion

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thewebinparticularhasopenedupahostofopportunitiesforoverindulgence.

B.Drugaddictionsandnon-drughabitssharethesameneuralpathways.

C.Peoplecanbecomeaddictedtopotentiallyanythingyoudo.

D.Newtechnologieshaverevealedsomeunsuspectedpersonalityproblems.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句“WhenIlastlooked,mybesteffortwasaratherhumiliating47thplace.”當(dāng)我最后一次看的時候,我寫的最好的一篇文章竟然排在相當(dāng)丟人的第47名。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“websyndromes”定位到第二段,網(wǎng)絡(luò)綜合癥包括給坐在不遠(yuǎn)處的同事發(fā)郵件而不是直接和他們交談；在網(wǎng)上窺探老朋友,同事甚至初次約會對象的隱私；在博客或個人空間里展現(xiàn)完全屬于個人隱私的信息；還有人利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)匿名來欺騙他人。選項(xiàng)A,B,D均有提及,只有選項(xiàng)C不屬于網(wǎng)絡(luò)綜合癥。

3.根據(jù)第四段的第三句“Therearemorethan2400"Wikipedians",whohaveeditedmorethan4000pageseach.”有2400多個“維基百科人”,每人編輯了4000多頁的網(wǎng)頁。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Flickr”定位到第五段“MostpeopleusingFlickrandsimilarsitesspenttimeeachdaybrowsingalbumsownedbypeopletheyhadnevermet.Theydothisforemotionalkicks.”大多數(shù)使用Flickr和類似網(wǎng)站的人每天都花時間瀏覽素未謀面的人的相冊。他們這樣做是受到情感的剌激。也就是為了激發(fā)自己的情感,所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.文章第二段的一二句為本文的中心句。本文主要是闡述新科技對個人產(chǎn)生的一些影響,揭示了一些未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的人的個性方面存在的問題。所以本題選D。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

5.單選題

1.Theprogrammeaimstomakethecountry（

）infoodandtocutenergyimports.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.self-confident

B.self-sufficient

C.self-satisfied

D.self-restrained

【答案】B

【解析】題干中cutenergyimports“減少能源進(jìn)口”可推斷出前文是在糧食上自給自足，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。self-sufficient“自給自足的”；self-confident“自信的”；self-satisfied“自滿的”；self-restrained“自我克制的”。

6.單選題

Printmakingisthegenerictermforanumberofprocesses,ofwhichwoodcutandengravingarewoprimeexamples.Printsaremadebypressingasheetofpaper(orothermaterial)againstanim-age-bearingsurfacetowhichinkhasbeenapplied.Whenthepaperisremoved,theimageadherestot,butinreverse.

ThewoodcuthadbeenusedinChinafromthefifthcenturyA.D.forapplyingpatternstotex-tiles.TheprocesswasnotintroducedintoEuropeuntilthefourteenthcentury,firstfortextiledecora-tionandthenforprintingonpaper.Woodcutsarecreatedbyareliefprocess:first,theartisttakesalockofwood,whichhasbeensawedparalleltothegrain,coversitwithawhiteground,andthenrawstheimageinink.Thebackgroundiscarvedaway,leavingthedesignareaslightlyraised.Theoodblockisinked,andtheinkadherestotheraisedimage.Itisthentransferredtodamppaperei-therbyhandorwithaprintingpress.

Engraving,whichgrewoutofthegoldsmith’sart,originatedinGermanyandnorthernItalyintheiddleofthefifteenthcentury.Itisanintaglioprocess(fromItalianintagliare,“tocarve”).Theim-geisincisedintoahighlypolishedmetalplate,usuallycopper,withacuttinginstrument,orburin.Theartistinkstheplateandwipesitcleansothatsomeinkremainsintheincisedgrooves.Anim-pressionismadeondamppaperinaprintingpress,withsufficientpressurebeingappliedsothattheaperpicksuptheink.

Bothwoodcutandengravinghavedistinctivecharacteristics.Engravinglendsitselftosubtlemodelingandshadingthroughtheuseoffinelines.Hatchingandcross-hatchingdeterminethedegreeoflightandshadeinaprint.Woodcutstendtobemorelinear,withsharpercontrastsbetweenlightanddark.Printmakingiswellsuitedtotheproductionofmultipleimages.Asetofmultiplesiscalledanedition.Bothmethodscanyieldseveralhundredgood-qualityprintsbeforetheoriginalblockorplatebeginstoshowsignsofwear.Massproductionofprintsinthesixteenthcenturymadeimagesavailable,atalowercost,toamuchbroaderpublicthanbefore.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Theword“prime”inline2isclosestinmeaningto().

3.Theauthor’spurposeinparagraph2istodescribe().

4.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueaboutengravingEXCEPTthat

it().

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatdowoodcutandengravinghaveincommon?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theoriginsoftextiledecoration.

B.Thecharacteristicsofgood-qualityprints.

C.Twotypesofprintmaking.

D.Typesofpaperusedinprintmaking.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.principal

B.complex

C.general

D.recent

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thewoodcutsfoundinChinainthefifthcentury

B.theuseofwoodcutsinthetextileindustry

C.theprocessinvolvedincreatingawoodcut

D.theintroductionofwoodcutstoEurope

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.developedfromtheartofthegoldsmiths

B.requiresthatthepaperbecutwithaburin

C.originatedinthefifteenthcentury

D.involvescarvingintoametalplate

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theirdesignsareslightlyraised.

B.Theyachievecontrastthroughhatchingandcross-hatching.

C.TheywerefirstusedinEurope.

D.Theyallowmultiplecopiestobeproducedfromoneoriginal.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章開篇指出版畫的制作技法主要有木刻和雕刻兩種方式；接著在第二、三段分別介紹木刻、雕刻的起源、發(fā)展、制作過程；最后一段總說兩種方式的特點(diǎn)。所以，C項(xiàng)Twotypesofprintmaking（兩種版畫制作）正確。

2.第一段指出：Printmakingisthegenerictermforanumberofprocesses,ofwhichwoodcutandengravingaretwoprimeexamples（木刻和雕刻是版畫制作的兩種主要方式）。prime在這里指“主要的”，A項(xiàng)principal“主要的”正確。

3.文章第二段主要講述了木刻的制作過程。C項(xiàng)“制作木刻的過程”準(zhǔn)確地概述了該段主旨。

4.第三段指出：Engraving,whichgrewoutofthegoldsmith’sart，originatedinGermanyandnorthernItalyinthemiddleofthefifteenthcentury（雕刻由金匠藝術(shù)中發(fā)展而來，發(fā)源于15世紀(jì)中期的德國和意大利北部地區(qū)）,所以A、C項(xiàng)正確；Theimageisincisedintoahighlypolishedmetalplate...（圖案刻入到光滑的金屬板內(nèi)），所以D項(xiàng)正確。而B項(xiàng)在原文中沒有體現(xiàn)，所以選擇B項(xiàng)。

5.題干問的是木刻和雕刻的共同點(diǎn)。最后一段指出：Bothmethodscanyieldseveralhundredgood-

qualityprintsbeforetheoriginalblockorplatebeginstoshowsignsofwear（在原始的木塊或金屬板

用壞之前，可以生產(chǎn)數(shù)百張復(fù)制品）。D項(xiàng)符合原文意思，因此正確。

7.單選題

Parentsoftenfacedthe（）betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.paradox

B.junction

C.premise

D.dilemma

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。paradox“似是而非的論點(diǎn)”；junction“連接”；premise“前提，假設(shè)”；dilemma“進(jìn)退兩難”。題干中提及家長在面對孩子教育上有兩種選擇，讓他們難以抉擇，陷入兩難。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

8.單選題

Theyplanto（

）therun-downhouseinayear’stime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.revive

B.renovate

C.replace

D.remove

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。revive意為“復(fù)興，復(fù)蘇，重新使用”；renovate意為“翻新，修復(fù)，整修”；replace意為“替換”；remove意為“開除”。

句意：他們計劃一年時間內(nèi)修復(fù)這棟破舊的房子。

9.單選題

Modernprintingequipmentquicklyturnsoutduplicatecopiesoftextualandpictorialmatter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.identical

B.double

C.illustrated

D.legible

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。duplicate表示“復(fù)制的”。A項(xiàng)identical“同一的，完全相同的”，B項(xiàng)double“雙倍的”，C項(xiàng)illustrated“有插圖的”，D項(xiàng)legible“清晰的，易辨認(rèn)的”。句意：現(xiàn)代印刷設(shè)備能迅速生產(chǎn)出文字和圖片的復(fù)制品。根據(jù)句意，該題選A正確。

10.問答題

Theambitiousindividual,farfrom(A)identifyinghimselfandhisfortunestothegroup,wishesto(B)riseaboveit.Theambitiousmanorwoman(C)seestheworldasabattle;rivalrousnessishisorherprincipalemotion:theworldhaslimitedprizestooffer,

andheorshe(D)isdeterminedtogethisorhers.

【答案】

A；改成identifyinghimselfandhisfortuneswith。identifywith認(rèn)為…等同于，與…一致。

11.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingshortparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

情商(EmotionalQuotient，EQ)不是智商(IntellectualQuotient,IQ)的對立面，一些人有幸二者兼具且顯豐盛，一些人則每一樣都擁有很少。研究者們一直試圖理解的是他們?nèi)绾位パa(bǔ)：比如一個人對付壓力的能力如何影響其集中思想和發(fā)揮才智的能力。他們大多同意，在成功的要素中智商占有一定的比例，其余則取決于其他的因素，從人的社會地位到運(yùn)氣甚至是人類進(jìn)化數(shù)百萬年在其大腦中形成的神經(jīng)路徑。

【答案】EmotionalQuotient(EQ)isnottheoppositeofanIQ.Somepeopleareluckyenoughtohavebothoftheminabundance,whileothershaveverylittleofeach.Whatresearchershavebeentryingtounderstandishowtheycomplementeachother:Forexample,howaperson'sabilitytocopewithstressaffectstheirabilitytoconcentrateandusetheirminds.Mostagreethatintelligenceaccountsforacertainpercentageofsuccess,andtherestdependsonotherfactors,fromsocialstatustoluckandeventheneuralpathwaysthathumanshaveevolvedovermillionsofyearsintheirbrains.

12.單選題

Iftheinvestmenttaxcreditis()asapartoftaxreformplan,thecapital-intensivebusinessessuchassteel-makersandairlinerswillfaceahardtime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.repealed

B.inferred

C.induced

D.appealed

【答案】A

【解析】repealed廢止，撤銷；inferred推測；induced引誘，說服；appealed呼吁，求助。句意：如果投資抵稅被取消來作為稅收改革計劃的一部分，鋼鐵制造商和航空公司等資本密集型企業(yè)將面臨艱難時期。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

13.單選題

Treesshouldonlybeprunedwhenthereisagoodandclearreasonfordoingsoand,fortunately,thenumberofsuchreasonsissmall．Pruninginvolvesthecuttingawayofovergrownandunwantedbranches,andtheinexperiencedgardenercanbeencouragedbythethoughtthatmoredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsownway.

First,pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize．Theobjectmaybetogetatreeoftherightheight,andatthesametimetohelpthegrowthofsmallsidebrancheswhichwillthickenitsappearanceorgiveitaspecialshape．Secondly,pruningmaybedonetomakethetreehealthier．Youmaycutoutdiseasedordeadwood,orbranchesthatarerubbingagainsteachotherandthuscausingwounds．Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingthebranchesthatarelockingupthecenterandsopreventingthefreemovementofair.

Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwouldisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordiseases,butitisawoundthatwillheal．Oftenthereisaracebetweenthehealingandthediseaseastowhetherthetreewillliveordie,orthatthereisaperiodwhenthetreeisatrisk．Itshouldbetheaimofeverygardenertoreducetheriskasfaraspossible．Itisessentialtomaketheareawhichhasbeenprunedsmoothandclean,forhealingwillbesloweddownbyroughness．Youshouldallowthecutsurfacetodryforafewhoursandthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose．Pruningisusuallydoneinwinter,forthenyoucanseetheshapeofthetreeclearlywithouttheinterferencefromtheleavesanditis,too,veryunlikelythatthecutsyoumakewillbleed．Ifthisdoeshappen,itis,ofcourse,impossibletopaintthemproperly.

1.Pruningisprobablyusuallydoneto（）.

2.Treesbecomeunhealthyifthegardener().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makethesmallbranchesthicker.

B.getridofthesmallbranches.

C.improvetheshapeofthetree.

D.makethetreegrowtaller.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.damagessomeofthesmallsidebranches.

B.forcesthemtogrowtooquickly.

C.doesnotprotectthemfromthewind.

D.allowstoomanybranchestogrowinthemiddle.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Tohelpawoundtodry.

B.Tocoveraroughsurface.

C.Topreventdiseaseenteringawound.

D.Tomakeawoundsmooth.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.regularlyeverywinter.

B.occasionallywhennecessary.

C.asquicklyaspossible.

D.atintervalsthroughouttheyear.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Todiscussdifferentmethodsofpruning.

B.Toexplainhowtreesdevelopdisease.

C.Togiveageneraldescriptionofpruning.

D.Togivepracticalinstructionforpruningatree.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段第一句指出：First,pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize(首先，修剪可以確保樹有一個理想的形狀或大小)。由此可知，修剪通常是為了“改善樹的形狀”，故選C。

2.判斷推理題。第二段最后一句指出：Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingthebranchesthatarelockingupthecenterandsopreventingthefreemovementofair(修剪掉擋在中間而阻止了空氣自由流通的樹枝，可以讓樹更健康)。由此可知，如果園丁讓太多的樹枝在中間生長，樹就會不健康。D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。最后一段第一句指出：Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwouldisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordiseases,butitisawoundthatwillheal(修剪的一個后果是樹上留下一個缺口，這為疾病提供了一個容易的入口，但這是一個可以愈合的傷口)。因此樹被涂上一種特殊材料終究是為了“防止疾病通過修剪口侵入”。B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)都是干擾項(xiàng)，雖然后面提到：Itisessentialtomaketheareawhichhasbeenprunedsmoothandclean,forhealingwillbesloweddownbyroughness(修剪過的區(qū)域必須光滑干凈，因?yàn)榇植跁p緩愈合速度)。但它們并不是最終原因。因此本題選C。

4.判斷推理題。第一段指出：Treesshouldonlybeprunedwhenthereisagoodandclearreasonfordoingsoand…(只有在有充分和明確的理由時才應(yīng)該修剪樹木)。由此推斷，B項(xiàng)“必要時偶爾修剪”正確。

5.主旨大意題。本文開頭講了修剪的原因，方法，后面講了修剪的后果極其處理方法，因此C項(xiàng)“概述修剪”比較能概括本文主旨。

14.單選題

Nooneneedstofeelawkwardin（

）hisowncustoms.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pursuing

B.following

C.chasing

D.seeking

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。pursue“追求”；follow“追隨”；chase“追逐”；seek“尋求”。句意：沒有人需要因?yàn)樽冯S自己的習(xí)俗而感到尷尬。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

15.單選題

Businessisimprovingbutmuchmorehardworkandcommonsensewillbe_______beforeanysubstantialprofitscanberealized.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.putupwith

B.calledfor

C.takenup

D.gonethrough

【答案】B

【解析】putupwith容忍;calledfor需要,要求;takenup拿起,占據(jù),開始從事;gonethrough經(jīng)歷。句意：生意正在好轉(zhuǎn),但要想獲得可觀的利潤,還需要做更多的工作和了解更多的常識。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

16.單選題

Oneofthemajorpleasures（1）lifeisappetite,andoneofourmajordutiesshouldbeto（2）it.Appetiteisthe（3）ofliving:itisoneofthe（4）thattellsyouthatyouarestillcurioustoexist,thatyoustillhaveanedgeonyourlongingsandwanttobiteintotheworldandtas