考研考博-英語-安徽警官職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽警官職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis______producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.absorption

B.dissemination

C.assimilation

D.interaction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)absorption“吸收，全神貫注，專心致志”，B項(xiàng)dissemination“宣傳，散播，傳染（病毒）”，C項(xiàng)assimilation“同化，吸收”，D項(xiàng)interaction“相互作用，相互影響，交流”。根據(jù)watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit“水從它附近的所有物質(zhì)中吸收熱量”可知，absorption符合語境。句意：水在從固體變成液體的過程中，會從周圍所有物質(zhì)吸收熱量，而這種吸收會在周圍產(chǎn)生人造的寒冷。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

2.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

TheLawtoKeeptheOilIndustryunderControlTheNorwegianGovernmentisdoingitsbesttokeeptheoilindustryundercontrol.Anewlawlimitsexplorationtoanareasouthofthesouthernendofthelongcoastline;productionlimitshavebeenlaiddown(thoughthesehavealreadybeenraised);andoilcompanieshavenotbeenallowedtoemploymorethanalimitednumberofforeignworkers.

Buttheoilindustryhasawayofgettingoversuchproblems,andfewpeoplebelievethatthegovernmentwillbeabletoholdthingsbackforlong.

AsonNorwegianpoliticiansaidlastweek“Wewillsoonbechangedbeyondallrecognition.”

Eversincethewar,theGovernmenthasbeencarryingoutaprogrammeofdevelopmentintheareanorthoftheArcticCircle.Duringthepastfewyearsthisprogrammehashadagreatdealofsuccess:Tromsohasbeenbuiltupintoalocalcapitalwithauniversity,alargehospitalandahealthyindustry.Buttheoilindustryhasalreadystartedtodrawpeoplesouth,andwithinafewyearsthewholenorthernpolicycouldbeinruins.

Theeffectsoftheoilindustrywouldnotbelimitedtothenorth,however.Withnearly100percentemployment,everyonecanseeasituationdevelopinginwhichtheserviceindustriesandthetouristindustrywilllosemoreoftheirworkerstotheoilindustry.Somesmallerindustriesmightevendisappearaltogetherwhenitbecomescheapertobuygoodsfromabroad.

TherealargumentoveroilisitsthreattotheNorwegianwayoflife.Farmersandfishermendonotmakeupmostofthepopulation,buttheyareanimportantpartofit,becauseNorwegiansseeinthemmanyofthequalitiesthattheyregardwithprideasessentiallyNorwegian.

Anditisthefarmersandthefishermenwhoaremostcriticaloftheoilindustrybecauseofthedamagethatitmightcausetothecountrysideandtothesea.

1.TheNorwegianGovernmentwouldprefertheoilindustryto______.

2.TheNorwegianGovernmenthastriedto______.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theoilindustrymightleadnorthernNorwayto_____.

4.Inthesouth,oneeffecttothedevelopmentoftheoilindustrymightbe______.

5.Norwegianfarmersandfishermenhaveanimportantinfluencebecause______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.providemorejobsforforeignworkers

B.slowdowntherateofitsdevelopment

C.selltheoilitisproducingabroad

D.developmorequicklythanatpresent

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.encouragetheoilcompaniestodiscovernewoilsources

B.preventoilcompaniesemployingpeoplefromnorthernNorway

C.heldtheoilcompaniessolvemanyoftheirproblems

D.keeptheoilindustrytosomethingnearitspresentsize

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thedevelopmentofindustry

B.agrowthinpopulation

C.thefailureofthedevelopmentprogramme

D.thedevelopmentofnewtowns

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.alargereductiononunemployment

B.agrowthinthetouristindustry

C.areductioninthenumberofexistingindustries

D.thedevelopmentofanumberofserviceindustries

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theyformsuchalargepartofNorwegianideal

B.theirlivesandvaluesrepresenttheNorwegianideal

C.theirworkissousefultotherestofNorwegiansociety

D.theyregardoffasathreattotheNorwegianwayoflife

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheNorwegianGovernmentwouldprefertheoilindustryto____.挪威政府更傾向于石油工業(yè)____。

A.providemorejobsforforeignworkers.A.為外國工人提供更多的工作機(jī)會

B.slowdowntherateofitsdevelopmentB.減緩其發(fā)展速度

C.selltheoilitisproducingabroadC.把它生產(chǎn)的石油賣到國外去

D.developmorequicklythanatpresentD.比現(xiàn)在發(fā)展得更快

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息詞oilindustry可定位到Para.1第一句，該處講到“挪威政府正在盡最大努力控制石油工業(yè)（undercontrol）”，又提到“一項(xiàng)新的法律限制人們（Anewlawlimits）”?？芍拗剖凸I(yè)的發(fā)展。比對選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“為外國工人提供更多的工作機(jī)會”，文中第一段最后提到石油公司雇傭外國工人的數(shù)量不得超過限定數(shù)量，即減少雇傭工人數(shù)量。這里屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“把它生產(chǎn)的石油賣到國外去”，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“比現(xiàn)在發(fā)展得更快”，文中說到要限制石油工業(yè)的發(fā)展，D選項(xiàng)與文章相反，屬于反向干擾。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheNorwegianGovernmenthastriedto____.挪威政府已努力去____。

A.encouragetheoilcompaniestodiscovernewoilsourcesA.鼓勵石油公司發(fā)現(xiàn)新的石油資源

B.preventoilcompaniesemployingpeoplefromnorthernNorway

B.禁止石油公司雇傭挪威北部人

C.heldtheoilcompaniessolvemanyoftheirproblemsC.控制石油公司解決它們的許多問題

D.keeptheoilindustrytosomethingnearitspresentsizeD.使石油工業(yè)保持在接近目前規(guī)模的水平

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.2第一句，該處講到“很少有人相信政府能夠長期阻止事態(tài)發(fā)展”，根據(jù)上文可知政府在控制石油工業(yè)發(fā)展。換言之，這里的事態(tài)發(fā)展就是石油工業(yè)發(fā)展。這句話的意思是很少有人相信政府能長期阻止石油工業(yè)發(fā)展。說明政府采取過控制石油工業(yè)發(fā)展的政策。比對選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“鼓勵石油公司發(fā)現(xiàn)新的石油資源”，而文中說新的法律限制人們只能在長長的海岸線南端以南地區(qū)進(jìn)行勘探，也就是限制人們發(fā)現(xiàn)新資源，A選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“禁止石油公司雇傭挪威北部人”，文中說到石油工業(yè)已經(jīng)開始吸引人們前往南方但并沒有說禁止雇傭北部人，B選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“控制石油公司解決它們的許多問題”，文中提到的是石油工業(yè)解決問題，屬于張冠李戴。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,theoilindustrymightleadnorthernNorwayto____.根據(jù)這篇文章，石油工業(yè)可能會導(dǎo)致挪威北部____。

A.thedevelopmentofindustryA.工業(yè)的發(fā)展

B.agrowthinpopulationB.人口的增長

C.thefailureofthedevelopmentprogrammeC.發(fā)展計(jì)劃的失敗

D.thedevelopmentofnewtownsD.新市鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到Para.4最后一句，該處講到“不出幾年，整個北方政策就可能毀于一旦”。比對選項(xiàng)，C選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“工業(yè)的發(fā)展”，文中說到“一些小的工業(yè)甚至?xí)В⊿omesmallerindustriesmightevendisappear）”屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“人口的增長”，文中說到“石油工業(yè)吸引人們前往南方（startedtodrawpeoplesouth）”也就是說北部人口會減少。B選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“新市鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展”，北部人口跑到南方北方應(yīng)該不會有新城鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展，反而是南方可能有新城鎮(zhèn)的發(fā)展，這屬于無中生有。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inthesouth,oneeffecttothedevelopmentoftheoilindustrymightbe____.在南方，石油工業(yè)的發(fā)展可能產(chǎn)生的影響是____。

A.alargereductiononunemploymentA.失業(yè)率大幅下降

B.agrowthinthetouristindustryB.旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展

C.areductioninthenumberofexistingindustriesC.現(xiàn)有工業(yè)數(shù)量的減少

D.thedevelopmentofanumberofserviceindustriesD.發(fā)展一批服務(wù)業(yè)

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到倒數(shù)第三段最后一句，該處講到“一些較小的工業(yè)甚至可能完全消失”。換言之，這些原本存在的小工業(yè)會減少。比對選項(xiàng)，C選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“失業(yè)率大幅下降”，原文中說到“服務(wù)行業(yè)和旅游業(yè)的大部分工人將會跑到石油工業(yè)去?！币?yàn)槟戏桨l(fā)展工業(yè)，那么根據(jù)原文，從事服務(wù)和旅游的人減少，失業(yè)率上升，A選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展”，“服務(wù)行業(yè)和旅游業(yè)的大部分工人將會跑到石油工業(yè)去?！甭糜螛I(yè)不會發(fā)展，B選項(xiàng)反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“發(fā)展一批服務(wù)業(yè)”，也是根據(jù)原文中人們發(fā)展石油工業(yè)導(dǎo)致從事服務(wù)和旅游的人減少，不會發(fā)展一批服務(wù)業(yè)，D選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Norwegianfarmersandfishermenhaveanimportantinfluencebecause____.挪威的農(nóng)民和漁民有重要的影響，因?yàn)開___。

A.theyformsuchalargepartofNorwegianidealA.他們構(gòu)成了挪威人理想的很大一部分

B.theirlivesandvaluesrepresenttheNorwegianidealB.他們的生活和價值觀代表了挪威人的理想

C.theirworkissousefultotherestofNorwegiansocietyC.他們的工作對挪威社會很有幫助

D.theyregardoffasathreattotheNorwegianwayoflifeD.他們認(rèn)為這是對挪威人生活方式的威脅

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干farmers和fishermen可定位到倒數(shù)第二段第二句，該處講到“挪威人在他們身上看到了許多他們自豪地認(rèn)為是挪威人本質(zhì)上的品質(zhì)?！北娝苤?，挪威的農(nóng)業(yè)和漁業(yè)發(fā)展歷史悠久，農(nóng)民和漁民是挪威的代表。比對選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)恰好是此信息的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“他們構(gòu)成了挪威人理想的很大一部分”，并不是說挪威人的理想是漁民和農(nóng)民，而是說漁民和農(nóng)民的生活和價值觀代表了他們的理想，A選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念；

C選項(xiàng)“他們的工作對挪威社會很有幫助”，文中只是說石油的發(fā)展阻礙了漁業(yè)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展，并沒有說他們?yōu)槭裁粗匾珻選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為這是對挪威人生活方式的威脅”，但是文中說的是“關(guān)于石油的真正爭論是它對挪威人生活方式的威脅”。對生活有威脅的是石油并不是farmers和fishermen。這里屬于張冠李戴。

3.翻譯題

Inthissection,thereisapassageinEnglish.TranslatethepassageintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?

Don’tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy,withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycaredon’tappealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations--trucking,financialadvice,softwareengineering--havearousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichowntherobots,sotheywillbefine.

Thisisn’ttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn’tgosowellforLuddites(反對技術(shù)進(jìn)步者）whosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfreeworkersfromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting.

Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigorsmalloverthenextfewyears,yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareersupendedbyautomation.Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomingforourjobswouldbenuts.Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable.

【答案】在中產(chǎn)階級面臨的諸多惱人挑戰(zhàn)中，有一個很可能在下屆總統(tǒng)競選中會被忽視：當(dāng)機(jī)器人來搶飯碗時會發(fā)生什么?

不要完全排除這種可能性。牛津大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究顯示，美國約有一半的工作面臨著被自動化取代的高風(fēng)險，中產(chǎn)階級受到了不成比例的擠壓。像園藝或日托這樣的低收入工作對機(jī)器人沒有吸引力。但許多中產(chǎn)階級的職業(yè)卡車運(yùn)輸、金融咨詢、軟件工程已經(jīng)引起了他們的興趣，或者很快就會引起他們的興趣。富人擁有機(jī)器人，所以他們會沒事的。

這不是危言聳聽。樂觀主義者指出，技術(shù)變革在過去曾使工人受益。工業(yè)革命對反對技術(shù)進(jìn)步者來說并不那么順利，他們的工作被機(jī)械化的織布機(jī)取代了，但工業(yè)革命最終提高了生活水平，創(chuàng)造的就業(yè)崗位比被摧毀的要多。同樣，自動化最終應(yīng)該會提高生產(chǎn)率，通過壓低價格來刺激需求，讓工人從繁重、乏味的工作中解脫出來。但從中期來看，中產(chǎn)階級工人可能需要大量幫助來進(jìn)行調(diào)整。

未來幾年，技術(shù)將大大小小的改善社會，但對于那些發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的生活和事業(yè)被自動化顛覆的人來說，這并不是什么安慰。摧毀那些為我們工作而來的機(jī)器將是瘋狂的。但幫助工人適應(yīng)的政策將是不可或缺的。

4.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoEnglish.Writeyourtranslationontheanswersheet.

叫我最難忘的是燕園的小路。

無論從哪個校門走進(jìn)來，大大小小筆直或者蜿蜒的路，都會把你引到湛藍(lán)清澈的未名湖畔。碧綠的垂柳和橙黃的小路鑲嵌的一池湖水，就像一只盛滿了佳釀的酒杯，送到你面前，盡你領(lǐng)略它的慷慨與盛情。只要你在湖邊小路上眺望—會兒，一種寧靜的美就會流進(jìn)心中。

常常是黃昏或者夜晚。丟了一天的疲倦和紛擾，我漫步在未名湖邊的小路上。明滅閃爍的路燈撒下朦朦朧朧的光暈，如霧似雨。搖曳的樹影和輕輕的晚風(fēng)，送來花的清香。間或有數(shù)點(diǎn)草蟲的鳴叫，一縷縷年輕人的笑語和歌聲，飄到小路上來，與湖面上倒映的燈火，暗藍(lán)的樹影，天上的星光，一抹晚霞或一鉤淡淡的新月，輝映成有聲有色的圖景。真像是一首詩，一首寫不盡讀不完的詩。

【答案】【參考譯文】

Oftenatduskornight,IrambledalongthepathsofWeiMingLake,forgettingthewholeday’stroubleandweariness.Theflickeringlampscastahazyshadow,likethemistortherain.Theswayingshadowsoftreesandthesoftnightwindaccompaniedthefloweraroma.Occasionally,thetweetingofinsects,thelaughterandsingingofteenagerswaftedtothepaths.Thentheyformedanimpressivepicturewiththelamplightreflectedinthelake,darkbluetreeshadows,starsinthesky,andtheaftergloworthecrescentmoon.Itisreallylikeapoem,anendlesspoem.

5.單選題

John'seveningsoutareusuallyfollowedbyaquickdashbacktohisownflattofinishhisreadingforthefollowingday'stutorial.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lecture

B.report

C.quiz

D.discussion

【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)句意可知，tutorial指輔導(dǎo)課，輔導(dǎo)材料。lecture演講，講稿，教訓(xùn)；report報告，成績單；quiz惡作劇，隨堂測驗(yàn)；discussion討論。選項(xiàng)A最符合原文語境，所以正確。

6.單選題

Thediscussionwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat____thespeakersstoppedforrefreshments.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.atlarge

B.atintervals

C.atease

D.atrandom

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.atlarge在逃的B.atintervals時時，不時

C.atease安逸地，不緊張地D.atrandom隨機(jī)地，隨便地

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接與詞組辨析

【解題思路】首先，空格后是一個完整的句子，該處應(yīng)填入一個副詞，做狀語。其次，前文提到“這個講座冗長而令人疲憊”，后文提到“發(fā)言的人停下來喝點(diǎn)水”根據(jù)so…that…提示，后者應(yīng)該是前文的結(jié)果，B選項(xiàng)atintervals“時時，不時”符合原文語境。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)atlarge“在逃的”，語義和詞性不符；

C選項(xiàng)atease“安逸地，不緊張地”，語義不符；

D選項(xiàng)atrandom“隨機(jī)地，隨便地”，原文是指喝水的頻率高，而不是說喝得很隨便。

【句意】這個講座冗長而令人疲憊以至于發(fā)言的人都不時停下來喝點(diǎn)水。

7.單選題

Revolutionsareoftencausedwhenthelegitimacyofagovernmentisquestionedbythepeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.validity

B.effectiveness

C.bureaucracy

D.prejudice

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)政府的……受到人民的質(zhì)疑時，革命事件就會爆發(fā)。validity“（法律上的）有效，合法性”；effectiveness“有效”；bureaucracy“官僚主義"；prejudice“偏見”。根據(jù)“ofagovernment”可以推測出劃線單詞的意思是“合法性”，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

8.單選題

ThecareerIhavechosen（）opportunitiesyetitisfraughtwithheartbreak,despairandhardship.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.isladenwith

B.islackof

C.isburdenedwith

D.isinwantof

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞組辨析。beladenwith“滿載，充滿”；belackof“缺乏”；beburdenedwith“使重負(fù)”；beinwantof“需要”。句意：我選擇的職業(yè)充滿機(jī)會，然而也充滿的心碎、絕望和艱辛。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.填空題

Directions:Inthissectionthereisashortpassagewithfivequestionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords(notexceeding10words).

HighereducationtakesahardlookatthePhDandfindsmuchthatneedschanging.

StudentsenteringdoctoralprogramsinalldisciplinesintheU.S.oftenexpectthey’llonedaydevotethemselvestoresearchatamajorinstitution,justastheirownprofessorsdo.It’stowardthisendthatmostdoctoralprogramsgeartheirtraining.

That’swhyitcancomeasashockwhenstudentslearnthathalfofPhDsinthesciencesandengineeringworkoutsidetheacademicworld.Manyofthosewhostayworkatsmaller,teaching-intensiveuniversities,notatthemajorresearchinstitutionsthattrainthem.

Asagrowingnumberofstudentsseeamismatchbetweendoctoraltrainingandjobopportunities,they’resoundinganalarmthattheirtrainingneedstochange.

“Therearefewerandfeweropportunitiestobecomeanacademic.Becauseofthat,studentsneedpreparationtobesomethingotherthanacademics,”saysKristiLemn,whorecentlyearnedherdoctoratefromYaleUniversity.“It’snotthatstudentsshouldallcomeinnotexpectingtobeacademics—it’smorethattheyneedmoreoptionsforatoughjobmarket.”

AgrowingcropofeducatorsagreethatPhDtrainingneedsclosescrutiny.“It’stimetotakestockofwhatwe’redoingindoctoraltraining,”saysCynthiaBelar,theAmericanPsychologyAssociation’sexecutivedirectorforeducation.

“Wemayattimesbetoonarrowlyfocusedontrainingforparticularcareerpaths.Wemustfosterthecriticalthinkingandadaptiveskillsrequiredforachangingworld,orweriskfailingourstudents.”

Afocalpointofthemovementtoscrutinizedoctoraltraininghasbeen“Re-envisioningthePhD,’’alarge-scaleprojectfundedbythePewCharitableTrusts.HeadingtheprojectistheUniversityofWashington’s(UW)JodyNyquist.

“We’relookingathowwecangetthePhDexperiencetoincludeawiderrangeofprofessionalpreparation,”saysNyquist,associatedeanintheUWgraduateschool.

LeeShulman,presidentoftheCarnegieFoundationfortheAdvancementofTeaching,saidallfieldsoughttomorestronglyemphasizethat“beingadoctormeansbeingstewardofone’sdiscipline,whetherthatbeinindustry,governmentoracademics.AcoupleofdecadesfromnowtherewillstillbesomethingcalledthePhDineveryfield,”predictsShulman.

Questions:(注意：答題盡量簡短，超過十個詞要扣分。每條橫線上限寫一個英語單詞，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號不占格。)

41.Whatdrivesstudentstoenterdoctoralprograms?

________________________________________

________________________________________

42.Accordingtothepassage,what’sashocktostudents?

________________________________________

________________________________________

43.Increasingstudentsaresoundinganalarmthatdoctoraltrainingisinneedofchangesbecause________.

________________________________________

________________________________________

44.Whyshouldthestudentspreparesomethingotherthanacademics?

________________________________________

________________________________________

45.Accordingtothepassage,whatkindsofpeoplearerequiredforachangingworld?

________________________________________

________________________________________

【答案】41.Theexpectationofresearchingatamajorinstitution.

42.ManyPhDsworkoutsidetheacademicworld.

43.theyseeamismatchbetweendoctoraltrainingandjobopportunities

44.Therearefewerandfeweropportunitiestobecomeanacademic.

45.Peoplewithcriticalthinkingandadaptiveskills.

【解析】41.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“是什么促使學(xué)生攻讀博士學(xué)位”可定位到第2段第1句StudentsenteringdoctoralprogramsinalldisciplinesintheU.S.oftenexpectthey’llonedaydevotethemselvestoresearchatamajorinstitution.（在美國攻讀所有學(xué)科博士學(xué)位的學(xué)生通常希望有一天他們能在一個主要機(jī)構(gòu)從事研究。）由此可知，促使學(xué)生攻讀博士學(xué)位的原因是他們想在一個主要的研究機(jī)構(gòu)奉獻(xiàn)自己。

42.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“根據(jù)文章，什么是學(xué)生的震驚”可定位到第3段第1句That’swhyitcancomeasashockwhenstudentslearnthathalfofPhDsinthesciencesandengineeringworkoutsidetheacademicworld.（這就是為什么當(dāng)學(xué)生們得知有一半的科學(xué)和工程博士在學(xué)術(shù)世界之外工作時，可能會感到震驚。）由此可知，學(xué)生們震驚的是有一半的科學(xué)和工程博士在學(xué)術(shù)世界之外工作。

43.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“越來越多的學(xué)生發(fā)出警報，博士培訓(xùn)需要改變，因?yàn)開___?！笨啥ㄎ坏降?段Asagrowingnumberofstudentsseeamismatchbetweendoctoraltrainingandjobopportunities,they’resoundinganalarmthattheirtrainingneedstochange.（隨著越來越多的學(xué)生看到博士培訓(xùn)和工作機(jī)會之間的不匹配，他們敲響了警鐘，即他們的培訓(xùn)需要改變。）由此可知，學(xué)生發(fā)出警報的原因是看到博士培訓(xùn)和工作機(jī)會之間的不匹配。

44.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“為什么學(xué)生們要準(zhǔn)備學(xué)術(shù)以外的東西”可定位到第5段第1、2句Therearefewerandfeweropportunitiestobecomeanacademic.Becauseofthat,studentsneedpreparationtobesomethingotherthanacademics.（成為學(xué)者的機(jī)會越來越少了。正因?yàn)槿绱?，學(xué)生們需要為學(xué)習(xí)以外的東西做準(zhǔn)備。）由此可知，學(xué)生們要準(zhǔn)備學(xué)術(shù)以外的東西，是因?yàn)槌蔀閷W(xué)者的機(jī)會越來越少。

45.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，需要什么樣的人來適應(yīng)變化的世界”可定位到第7段第2句Wemustfosterthecriticalthinkingandadaptiveskillsrequiredforachangingworld,orweriskfailingourstudents.（我們必須培養(yǎng)批判性思維和適應(yīng)能力，以適應(yīng)不斷變化的世界，否則我們就有可能讓學(xué)生失敗。）由此可知，有批判性思維和適應(yīng)能力的人才能適應(yīng)不斷變化的世界。

10.單選題

IntheOsagetribeofOklahoma,beadedbelts______whoheldahighsocialstatus.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onlybywomenwerefashioned

B.bywomenwerefashionedonly

C.werefashionedonlybywomen

D.werebywomenfashionedonly

【答案】C

【解析】考查被動語態(tài)的用法。一般來說被動句式中的主語后面應(yīng)該緊跟發(fā)生的動詞，即被怎么樣了，然后才是發(fā)出動作的人、物，即被誰怎么樣，所以在這個順序中，只有C是符合的。句意：在俄克拉何馬州的奧賽治族印第安部落里，鑲嵌串珠的腰帶只能由社會地位較高的女性來制作。因此，該題正確答案為C。

11.填空題

Hereisagreatironyof21st-centuryglobalpublichealth:Whilemanyhundredsofmillionsofpeoplelackadequatefoodasaresultofeconomicinequities,politicalcorruption,orwarfare,manyhundredsofmillions（1）areoverweighttothepointofincreasedriskfordiet-relatedchronicdiseases.Obesityisaworldwidephenomenon,affectingchildrenaswellasadultsandforcingallbutthepoorestcountriestodivertscarceresources（2）fromfoodsecuritytotakecareofpeoplewithpreventableheartdiseaseanddiabetes.

Toreversetheobesityepidemic,wemustaddressfundamentalcauses.Overweightcomesfromconsumingmorefoodenergythan（3）expendedinactivity.Thecauseofthisimbalancealsoisironic:improvedprosperity.Peopleuseextraincometoeatmoreandbelessactive.Marketeconomiesencouragethis.Theyturnpeoplewithexpendableincomeintoconsumersofaggressivelymarketedfoodsthatarehighinenergybutlowin（4）value,andofcars,televisionsets,andcomputersthatpromotesedentarybehavior.Gainingweightisgoodforbusiness.Foodisparticularlybigbusinessbecauseeveryoneeats.

Moreover,foodissooverproducedthatmanycountries,especiallytherichones,havefar

morethantheyneed（5）irony.IntheUnitedStates,totakeanextremeexample,most

adultsofallages,incomes,educationallevels,andcensuscategories—areoverweight.TheU.S.foodsupplyprovides3800kilocaloriesperpersonperday,nearlytwiceasmuchasrequiredbymanyadults.Overabundantfoodforcescompaniestocompete（6）salesthroughadvertising,healthclaims,newproducts,largerportions,andcampaigns（7）towardchildren.Foodmarketingpromotesweightgain.Indeed,itisdifficulttothink（8）anymajorindustrythatmightbenefitifpeopleatelessfood;certainly（9）theagriculture,foodproduct,grocery,restaurant,diet,ordrugindustries.Allflourishwhenpeopleeatmore,andallemployamidesoflobbyiststodiscouragegovernmentsfromdoinganythingtoinhibit（10）.

A.splendid

B.elegant

C.snobbish

D.prudent

A.hehadagoodopinionoftheStClairfamily

B.hegrantedtheStClairfamilysomecredits

C.heowedsomemoneytotheStClairfamily

D.hewasmorerespectablethansomemembersoftheSt.Clairfamily

A.marryingformoney

B.robbingone'swife

C.makingfortunes

D.sellingtheteethofdeadsoldiers

A.brag

B.possess

C.arrange

D.pluck

A.detached

B.positive

C.cynical

D.liberal

【答案】1.more

2.away

3.is

4.nutritional

5.another

6.for

7.directed

8.of

9.not

10.overeating

【解析】1.考查前后邏輯?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵寒?dāng)成千上萬的人由于經(jīng)濟(jì)不平衡、政治腐敗和戰(zhàn)爭而餓肚子時，還有成千上萬的人超重。前后進(jìn)行對比，說明超重的人更多，所以more符合題意。

2.考查固定搭配。divertaway“轉(zhuǎn)移”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵悍逝质且粋€世界性的普遍現(xiàn)象，它對大人孩子都有影響，它迫使除了最貧窮的國家外的所有國家把稀有資源從食品安全上轉(zhuǎn)移到了照顧患有可預(yù)防的心臟病和糖尿病的人們。

3.考查動詞的用法?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵撼卦从跀z入的食物能量超過了被消耗的能量。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，為了避免重復(fù)，than后面省略了energythat，完整的句子應(yīng)該是energythatisexpended。

4.考查前后邏輯?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵核麄儼丫哂邢M(fèi)水平的人變?yōu)榀偪褓徺I食物的消費(fèi)者，這些食物通常能量很高，營養(yǎng)價值很低。nutritional符合題意。

5.考查前后邏輯。空格處所在句子的句意是：此外，食物被過量生產(chǎn)，尤其是發(fā)達(dá)國家擁有的食物遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過他們所需要的食物--這又是一件具有諷刺意義的事。前面已經(jīng)提到過一件諷刺的事thecauseofthisimbalancealsoisironic:improvedprosperity，因此another符合題意。

6.考查動詞短語?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟鉃椋哼^量的食物使各大公司為銷售而進(jìn)行競爭。competefor“為……而競爭”。

7.考查后置定語。空格處所在句子的句意是：各大公司為了競爭，采用的手段有：廣告，健康宣言，推出新產(chǎn)品，加量包裝，還有直接針對孩子的活動。空格處所在的單詞顯然是用來修飾campaigns這個單詞的，應(yīng)該填一個過去分詞來作后置定語，directtoward表示針對……。

8.考查固定搭配。thinkof“想出”。

9.考查前后邏輯?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵恨r(nóng)業(yè)、食品、雜貨店、飯店、減肥業(yè)或制藥業(yè)都不會獲益。所以此處是一個否定的意思，not符合題意。

10.考查動詞的用法?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵喝藗兂缘枚鄷r，所有行業(yè)都會發(fā)展繁榮，所有行業(yè)都花錢請游說者去勸政府不要采取任何措施禁止過度飲食（overeat）。Inhibitdoingsth.“禁止做某事”。

12.單選題

Wehaveplannedanexcitingpublicity_______withouradvertisers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.struggle

B.conflict

C.battle

D.campaign

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)struggle“奮斗；抗?fàn)帯保籅選項(xiàng)conflict“沖突；爭執(zhí)”；C選項(xiàng)battle“戰(zhàn)役；較量”；D選項(xiàng)campaign“戰(zhàn)役；（有計(jì)劃的）活動”。句意：我們和我們的廣告商計(jì)劃了一個令人興奮的宣傳_______。根據(jù)語境，這里是指廣告宣傳活動，所以campaign“（有計(jì)劃的）活動”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

QuestionsgrewoverSilvioBerlusconi’sabilitytoholdhiscoalitiontogether,afterheonlynarrowlywonavoteof（）inthelowerhouseofItaly’sparliament.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confidence

B.account

C.thanks

D.support

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)confidence“信心，信任，秘密”；B選項(xiàng)account“賬戶，解釋，賬目，賬單，理由，描述”；C選項(xiàng)thanks“謝謝”；D選項(xiàng)support“支持，幫助，支撐物，支撐，扶持，物質(zhì)援助，安慰”。句意：西爾維奧?貝盧斯科尼(SilvioBerlusconi)在意大利議會下院僅以微弱優(yōu)勢贏得一票支持后，人們對他維持聯(lián)盟團(tuán)結(jié)的能力產(chǎn)生了質(zhì)疑。avoteofsupport投票支持，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Hewrotedowntheaddress______heshouldforgetit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incasenot

B.lest

C.inorderthat

D.offearthat

【答案】B

【解析】考查狀語從句。句意：他寫下了地址，以免忘記。橫線到句尾部分是原因狀語從句。A選項(xiàng)incase“以免”，不加not；B選項(xiàng)lest“以免”；C選項(xiàng)inorderthat“以便”；D選項(xiàng)fear“擔(dān)心”，offearthat不合語法。寫下地址是為了防止忘記和語法正確性，B選項(xiàng)lest“以免”符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

15.案例題

PictureatypicalMBAlecturetheatretwentyyearsago.Initthemajorityofstudentswillhaveconformedtothestandardmodelofthetime:male,middleclassandWestern.Walkintoaclasstoday,however,andyou'llgetacompletelydifferentimpression.Forastart,youwillnowseeplentymorewomen-theUniversityofPennsylvania'sWhartonSchool,forexample,boaststhat40%ofitsnewenrolmentisfemale.Youwillalsoseeawiderangeofethnicgroupsandnationalsofpracticallyeverycountry.

Itmightbetempting,therefore,tothinkthattheoldbarriershavebeenbrokendownandequalopportunityachieved.But,increasingly,thisapparentdiversityisbecomingamaskforanewtypeofconformity.Behindthedifferencesinsex,skintonesandmothertongues,therearecommonattitudes,expectationsandambitionswhichriskcreatingasetofclonesamongthebusinessleadersofthefuture.

Diversity,itseems,hasnothelpedtoaddressfundamentalweaknessesinbusinessleadership.Sowhatcanbedonetocreatemoreeffectivemanagersofthecommercialworld?AccordingtoValerieGauthier,associatedeanatHECParis,thekeyliesintheprocessbywhichMBAprogrammesrecruittheirstudents.Atthemomentcandidatesareselectedonafairlynarrowsetofcriteriasuchasprioracademicandcareerperformance,andanalyticalandproblemsolvingabilities.Thisisthencoupledtoaschool'spictureofwhatadiverseclassshouldlooklike,withtheresultthatpassport,ethnicoriginandsexcanallbecomeinfluencingfactors.Butschoolsrarelydigdowntofindoutwhatreallymakesanapplicantsucceed,tocreateaclasswhichalsocontainsdiversityofattitudeandapproach-arguablytheonlydiversitythat,inabusinesscontext,reallymatters.

ProfessorGauthierbelievesschoolsshouldnotjustbeselectingcandidatesfromtraditionalsectorssuchasbanking,consultancyandindustry.Theyshouldalsobeseekingindividualswhohavebackgroundsinareassuchaspoliticalscience,thecreativearts,historyorphilosophy,whichwillallowthemtoputbusinessdecisionsintoawidercontext.

Indeed,theredoesseemtobeademandforthemoreroundedleaderssuchdiversitymightcreate.AstudybyMannaz,aleadershipdevelopmentcompany,suggeststhat,whilethebully-boychiefexecutiveofoldmaynothavebeeneradicatedcompletely,thereisadefiniteshiftinemphasistowardslesstoughstylesofmanagement-atleastinAmericaandEurope.Perhapsmostsignificant,accordingtoMannaz,istheincreasinginterestlargecompanieshaveinmorecollaborativemanagementmodels,suchasthoseprevalentinScandinavia,whichseektointegratethehardandsoftaspectsofleadershipandencouragedelegatedresponsibilityandaccountability.

1.Whatcharacterisesthebusinessschoolstudentpopulationoftoday?

A.Greaterdiversity.

B.Intellectualmaturity.

C.Exceptionaldiligence.

D.Higherambition.

2.Whatistheauthor'sconcernaboutcurrentbusinessschooleducation?

A.Itwillarousestudents'unrealisticexpectations.

B.Itwillproducebusinessleadersofauniformstyle.

C.Itfocusesontheoryratherthanonpracticalskills.

D.Itstressescompetitionratherthancooperation.

3.WhataspectofdiversitydoesValerieGauthierthinkismostimportant?

A.Ageandeducationalbackground.

B.Socialandprofessionalexperience.

C.Attitudeandapproachtobusiness.

D.Ethnicoriginandgender.

4.WhatapplicantsdoestheauthorthinkMBAprogrammesshouldconsiderrecruiting?

A.Applicantswithpriorexperienceinbusinesscompanies.

B.Applicantswithsoundknowledgeinmathandstatistics.

C.Applicantsfromoutsidethetraditionalsectors.

D.Applicantsfromlessdevelopedregionsandareas.

5.WhatdoesMannazsayaboutthecurrentmanagementstyle?

A.Itiseradicatingthetoughaspectsofmanagement.

B.Itencouragesmaleandfemaleexecutivestoworksidebyside.

C.Itadoptsthebully-boychiefexecutivemodel.

D.Itisshiftingtowardsmorecollaborativemodels.

【答案】1.A

2.B

3.C

4.C

5.D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，以前的NBA講堂是典型的男性，中產(chǎn)階級和西方人為主，而現(xiàn)在也能看到很多女性，還有來自不同國家和不同種族的人。這說明現(xiàn)在商學(xué)院學(xué)生人口的特點(diǎn)是多樣性，選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.

根據(jù)第二段的最后一句“Behindthedifferencesinsex,skintonesandmothertongues,therearecommonattitudes,expectationsandambitionswhichriskcreatingasetofclonesamongthebusinessleadersofthefuture.”選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.

根據(jù)第三段“AccordingtoValerieGblemsolvingabilities.”目前，候選人的選拔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相當(dāng)狹窄，比如先前的學(xué)業(yè)和職業(yè)表現(xiàn)，以及分析和解決問題的能力。說明ValerieGauthier最看重的是社會經(jīng)歷和工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

4.

根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知，商學(xué)院不應(yīng)僅僅從銀行、咨詢和工業(yè)等傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)中挑選候選人。他們還應(yīng)該尋找具有政治科學(xué)、創(chuàng)意藝術(shù)、歷史或哲學(xué)等領(lǐng)域背景的個人，這些領(lǐng)域?qū)⑹顾麄兡軌驅(qū)⑸虡I(yè)決策置于更廣泛的背景中。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段“Perhapsmostsignificant,accordingtoMannaz,istheincreasinginterestlargecompanieshaveinmorecollaborativemanagementmodels...”大公司對更多的合作管理模式越來越感興趣，選項(xiàng)D正確。

16.單選題

Whoeverformulatedthetheoryoftheoriginoftheuniverse,itisjust（

）andneedsproving.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spontaneous

B.intuitive

C.hypothetical

D.empirical

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞