考研考博-英語-宣化科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-宣化科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Nowadays,manyteachershavetotakeprivatepupilsto______theirsalary.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enlarge

B.inflate

C.augment

D.extend

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)enlarge“擴(kuò)大，增加”，可用來指數(shù)量上的增加；B項(xiàng)inflate“使膨脹”，指充氣膨脹，通貨膨脹等；C項(xiàng)augment“增大”，指在原有的基礎(chǔ)上增加含量而擴(kuò)大；D項(xiàng)extend“延伸，擴(kuò)大”，指擴(kuò)大范圍、影響或領(lǐng)土、土地?cái)U(kuò)張等。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞salary“薪資”可知，空白部分填入“增加”符合句意，所以只有A項(xiàng)符合。句意：現(xiàn)在，許多教師私自帶學(xué)生來增加收入。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

NewEnergySourcestotheRescueAspetrolpricesrise,policymakersandventurecapitalistsaresuddenlyembracingalternatives.Willthetrendlast?

Reasonsforthechange

Inhislongcareerincountrymusic,WillieNelsonhasalwaysbeenontheleftsideofallthings.Now,at73,heisinthevanguard.Mr.Nelson,wholivesonabigfarmoutsideAustin,powershiscarwiththehelpofvegetableoil.Hehasevencreatedhisownlineofthiscleaner-burningdieselblend.Hecalledit“BioWillie”,whichisdistributedatseveralsitesinTexasandisgoingnational,too.Mr.NelsonarguesthatitwillhelpAmerica’sfarmers,truckers,andtheenvironmentwhile,atthesametime,reducingdependenceonforeignpetroleum.

WithhighpetrolpricescausingtroublesinWashington,D.C.,everyoneistryingtofindoutalternatives.Soyabeans,canola(rapeseed),switchgrass,anything,isbeinginvestigated.EvenGeorgeBush,aformeroilmanwhosupportsloyallytheindustrialdevelopment,calledlastweekformoreresearchintoethanolandbio-diesel-twokeytypesofbio-fuelsandboldlypredictedthat“ethanolwillreplacegasolineconsumption”.JimWoolsey,aformerheadoftheCIAnotesthatdevelopingbio-fuelsisinthenationalinterest,sinceitishightimeAmericastoppeditsrelianceonpetroleumfromforeigncountriesandsostoppedfundingsomefanaticalreligiousorganizations.

Future:convenienceandpains

Thefederalgovernmentisbeginningtoformulatepolicytopromotetheuseofbio-fuels.InMontana,HawaiiandMinnesotaallpetrolmustcontain10%ethanol,whileWashingtonStaterequirespetrolanddieseltocontain2%renewablefuelbyvolume.Forbothethanolandbio-diesel,Congresshasrequiredanear-doublingofproductionby2012.BothblendsnotesMr.Woolseyapprovingly,needlittlenewinfrastructuretosupportthem(unlike,say,hydrogenfuel-cellcars).Ethanolcanbedispensedatregularpetrolstationsandworks,withinlimits,intoday’scars.Bio-dieselfuellingstations,suchasthoseforBioWillie,arepoppinguparoundAmerica.

UnfortunatelyforMr.Bush’spoliticalfortunes,abio-fuelsrevolutionwillnothappenintimetoeaseAmerica’scurrentpainatthepump.Rightnow,ethanol—aclean-burning,high-octanealcoholtypicallyderivedfromcorninAmerica,orsugarinBrazil—accountsforjust3%ofAmerica’spetroluse,thoughAmericancarscanhandlea10%ethanolblend.Bio-dieselisusedevenless.

Moreover,ethanolistypicallyblendedwithregularfuel,andawidespreadshifttoanethanolblend(aresultofanotherprovisionoflastyear’senergybill)hascontributedtosomepetrolshortagesinTexasandelsewhere,asthesupplychaincreaksintolife.Skepticsarguethatgrowingcropsforethanolwillburnmorepetrolthanitwillsave.

Butothersarepersuaded,despitethepainsatthebeginningstage.“IfIhadtobet$100,I’dbetonbio-fuels,saysHunterLovins,co-authorof“NaturalCapitalism”,addingthatshewouldfavorthemevenoverotherrenewableenergysources.Richinvestorsalsobelieveitsgrowth.RichardBranson,aBritishentrepreneurwhoheadstheVirginconglomerate,recentlyannouncedplanstoinvestupto$400millioninethanolproduction.

GrowingProduction?

Canproductionbescaledup?Arecentbioengineeringbreakthroughmeansthatitshouldsoonbepossibletoconvertplantproductsfarmoreefficientlytoethanol.Thislendspromisetocellulosicethanol—aproductthatcanbemadefromagricultural“waste”,suchascorncobsorweeds,whichiswidelyavailable.(Oncecornkernelsandsugar-canesaphavebeentakenawayforsugar,theyleaveplentyofstalksandleavesbehind.)Themostpromisingsourceofcellulosicethanol,sayexpert,isswitchgrass,anativeAmericangrassthatgrowsnaturallyintheprairieheartlandandthrivesinthepoorMississippiDelta.

Bio-diesel,asyet,isasmallerenterprise.Itsplantsrequirelesscapitalthanthoseforethanol.Itisgrowingfast—salesvolumetripled,to75mgallons,between2004and2005—butthatisstilladropinthetankerofthe60billiongallonsofdieselthatAmericansconsumeeachyear.Muchofthestuffismadefromsoyabeans,andJeffPlowmanofAustinBio-fuels,atinystart-up,notesthatsoyabeenfuturesaretrackingthepriceofheatingoilforthefirsttime.InTexas,Mr.Plowmanalsoseespotentialforcottonseedoil,abyproductofcottonproduction.Elsewhere,thereiseventalkofproducingbio-dieselfrompigmanure.

Troublesarestilloccurring,havingpushedbacktheenthusiasm.InMinnesota,arequirementtohave2%ofdieselmadefromsoyawassuspendedlastyearwhentruckersbegantocomplainofcloggedfilters,thoughitwasfairlyquicklyreinstated.

Bio-fuelsandAmericanfarms

Couldbio-fuels,inadditiontoeasingthestrainontheenvironmentandonwallets,helptosaveAmericanfarms?Somepolicymakerscertainlyholdoutthisdream,particularlyintheMidwest,whereethanolandbio-dieselproductionisconcentrated.Montana’sDemocraticgovernor,BrianSchweitzer,whousesbio-diesel(madeforexamplefromcanola)inhisownVolkswagenJetta,imaginedwithoptimismaboutatechnologythathehopes“willjump-startruralAmerica”.HepointsoutthatAmericaexportsmassesofwheat,soyabeansandcorn,andtalksof“converg[ing]thoseexportacrestobio-fuels”.Whenthe2007farmbillisdebated,hehopesfor“avisionthathelpsAmericanfarmersonceagainproducetheirownhorsepowerontheirownfarms”.This“vision”wouldincludefederalcropinsuranceforfarmerswhogrowcanola,safflowerandcamellia,bringingthemuptothelevelofwheatandsoyabeans.

ThenotionofAmericanfarmersdefyingthetideofcapitalismtogrowtheirownfuelisagloriousdelusion.Itseemsgreat,yetit’snotpractical.However,Mr.SchweitzerisrightthatCongresshassomebigdecisionstomakeaboutbio-fuels.Towhatextent,ifany,shouldgovernmentsubsidizethisnewly-emergedindustry?Alreadyithasreceivedplentyofhelp.Ethanolproducersgetataxcreditworth51centsagallon,muchtothedelightoftheindustry.Thereisalsoa54cents-a-gallontariffonimportsofethanolfromBrazil.Startingwiththeremovalofthattariff,Congressneedstorethinkitsmisleadingenergypolicies.NathanaelGreene,oftheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil,arguesthatthefederalgovernment’smostimportantimmediatestepshouldbetoenactaloanguaranteetocreateAmerica’sfirstcellulosicethanolplant,whichwouldprobablybebuiltinIdaho.

Ifbio-fuelsdotakeoff,environmentalistsandpolicymakerswillstillbeunabletorelax.Mr.Greeneemphasizes,rightly,thatbio-fuelsalonemightnotsolvealltheproblems.HisorganizationarguesthatalthoughAmericanproductioncouldriseto100billiongallonsofbio-fuelsby2050,suchchangesalsoneedtobecombinedwithimprovedfuelefficiencyandbettercityplanning.Moreflex-fuelvehicles,whichcantakeupto85%ethanolblendedwithpetrol,wouldbeparticularlysensible.

15.Whatis“BioWillie”,whichisdistributedatseveralsitesinTexasandisalsogoingnational?

16.WhichofthefollowingreasonsisNOTforAmericangovernmentandsomeofAmericanpeopletostartresearchintothepossibilityofusingbio-fuels?

17.Rightnow,ethanolaccountsfor____ofAmerica’spetroluse.

18.WhydidRichardBransonrecentlyannounceplanstoinvestheavilyinethanolproduction?

19.Accordingtotheexpert,themostpromisingsourceofcellulosicethanolis____.

20.InwhichpartofAmericaisethanolandbio-dieselproductionconcentrated?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Akindofvegetableoilfromhisbigfarm.

B.Akindofnewfuelcalledethanol.

C.Akindofcleaner-burningdieselblend.

D.Akindofpetroleumfromforeigncountries.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ThenewfuelswillhelpAmerica’sfarmers,truckersandtheenvironment.

B.ThehighpetrolpricescausedtroublesinWashington,D.

C.D.C.

D.C.C.Thegovernmentwantstomeettheneedofsomefanaticalreligiousorganizations.D.ItishightimeAmericastoppeditsrelianceonforeignpetroleum.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.10%

B.2%

C.5%

D.3%

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becausehebelieveditspromisingfuture.

B.BecausehecomesfromBritainwherehegotrichprofitfromethanolproduction.

C.BecauseheisapatrioticAmericanentrepreneur.

D.Becauseabio-fuelsrevolutiondidn’thappenintimetoeaseAmerica’scurrentpainatthepump.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.corncobs

B.weeds

C.soyabeans

D.switchgrass

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.IntheNortheast.

B.IntheSouth.

C.IntheNorthwest.

D.IntheMidwest.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:D

【解析】15.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“在德克薩斯州的幾個(gè)地點(diǎn)分發(fā)，也正在向全國推廣‘BioWillie’，是什么”，可定位到原文Reasonsforthechange小節(jié)第1段第3句Hecalledit“BioWillie”,whichisdistributedatseveralsitesinTexasandisgoingnational,too.（他稱其為“BioWillie”，在德克薩斯州的幾個(gè)地點(diǎn)分發(fā)，也正在向全國推廣。）由此可知，該句中的it即我們想要找的答案，因此定位到前一句Mr.Nelson,wholivesonabigfarmoutsideAustin,powershiscarwiththehelpofvegetableoil.Hehasevencreatedhisownlineofthiscleaner-burningdieselblend.（納爾遜（Nelson）先生住在奧斯汀城外的一個(gè)大農(nóng)場里，他在植物油的幫助下發(fā)動(dòng)汽車。他甚至創(chuàng)造了這種清潔燃燒混合柴油產(chǎn)品線。）由此可知，BioWillie是“cleaner-burningdieselblend（更清潔的柴油混合）”，C選項(xiàng)“一種更清潔的柴油混合物”表述正確。干擾選項(xiàng)A“一種來自他的大農(nóng)場的植物油”表述錯(cuò)誤，因?yàn)樵碾m然提到了來自他的大農(nóng)場的植物油，但只是提到了在植物油的幫助下發(fā)動(dòng)汽車，并沒有直接說BioWillie就是一種植物油，而是說BioWillie中混合了植物油。B選項(xiàng)“一種叫做乙醇的新燃料”、D選項(xiàng)“一種來自外國的石油”原文并未提及。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

16.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“以下哪一個(gè)不是美國政府和一些美國人開始研究使用生物燃料的可能性的原因”可定位到原文Reasonsforthechange小節(jié)。A選項(xiàng)“新燃料將幫助美國的農(nóng)民、卡車司機(jī)和環(huán)境”，可定位到本節(jié)第1段最后一句Mr.NelsonarguesthatitwillhelpAmerica’sfarmers,truckers,andtheenvironment…（Nelson先生認(rèn)為，這將幫助美國的農(nóng)民、卡車司機(jī)和環(huán)境……）選項(xiàng)表述符合原文，排除；B選項(xiàng)“高油價(jià)給華盛頓特區(qū)帶來了麻煩”，可定位到本節(jié)第2段第1句WithhighpetrolpricescausingtroublesinWashington,D.C.,everyoneistryingtofindoutalternatives.（隨著高油價(jià)給華盛頓帶來麻煩，每個(gè)人都在試圖尋找替代方案。）選項(xiàng)表述符合原文，排除；C、D選項(xiàng)可定位到本節(jié)第2段最后一句JimWoolsey,aformerheadoftheCIAnotesthatdevelopingbio-fuelsisinthenationalinterest,sinceitishightimeAmericastoppeditsrelianceonpetroleumfromforeigncountriesandsostoppedfundingsomefanaticalreligiousorganizations.（前中央情報(bào)局局長JimWoolsey指出，開發(fā)生物燃料符合國家利益，因?yàn)槊绹菚r(shí)候停止依賴外國石油，從而停止資助一些狂熱的宗教組織了。）由此可知，政府是想停止對(duì)狂熱的宗教組織的資助，而非滿足他們的需要，C選項(xiàng)“政府想要滿足一些狂熱的宗教組織的需要”表述錯(cuò)誤，符合題意；同時(shí)D選項(xiàng)“美國是時(shí)候停止對(duì)外國石油的依賴了”選項(xiàng)表述符合原文，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為C。

17.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“目前，乙醇占美國汽油使用量的____”，可定位到原文Future:convenienceandpains小節(jié)。本節(jié)第2段第2句Rightnow,ethanol—…—accountsforjust3%ofAmerica’spetroluse.（目前，乙醇僅占美國汽油使用量的3%。）D選項(xiàng)“3%”表述正確。干擾選項(xiàng)A“10%”、B“2%”，可定位到本節(jié)第1段第2句InMontana,HawaiiandMinnesotaallpetrolmustcontain10%ethanol,whileWashingtonStaterequirespetrolanddieseltocontain2%renewablefuelbyvolume.（在蒙大拿州、夏威夷州和明尼蘇達(dá)州，所有汽油必須含有10%的乙醇，而華盛頓州要求汽油和柴油中含有2%的可再生燃料。）由此可知，10%是某些州規(guī)定的汽油中乙醇的占比；2%是華盛頓州要求的可再生燃料在汽油和柴油中的占比，都不是乙醇在美國汽油使用量的占比，排除；C選項(xiàng)“5%”，原文并未提及，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

18.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“為什么RichardBranson最近宣布計(jì)劃大力投資乙醇生產(chǎn)”，可定位到原文Future:convenienceandpains小節(jié)。本節(jié)第4段最后一句RichardBranson,…,recentlyannouncedplanstoinvestupto$400millioninethanolproduction.（英國企業(yè)家RichardBranson，……他最近宣布計(jì)劃投資4億美元用于乙醇生產(chǎn)。）聯(lián)系上文Richinvestorsalsobelieveitsgrowth.（富有的投資者也相信它的增長。）由此可知，RichardBranson是看中了投資乙醇利潤的增長空間，才決定投資的，A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗嘈潘那巴竟饷鳌狈显摹選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麃碜杂?，在那里他從乙醇生產(chǎn)中獲得了豐厚的利潤”、C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)愛國的美國企業(yè)家”、D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樯锶剂细锩鼪]能及時(shí)緩解美國目前在加油方面的痛苦”，原文均未提及。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為A。

19.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“據(jù)專家說，纖維素乙醇最有前途的來源是____”，可定位到原文GrowingProduction?小節(jié)。本節(jié)第1段第5句Themostpromisingsourceofcellulosicethanol,sayexpert,isswitchgrass…（專家說，最有前途的纖維素乙醇來源是柳枝稷……）由此可知，D選項(xiàng)“柳枝稷”表述正確，符合題意。干擾選項(xiàng)A“玉米棒”、B“野草”可定位到本節(jié)第1段第3句Thislendspromisetocellulosicethanol—aproductthatcanbemadefromagricultural“waste”，suchascorncobsorweeds,whichiswidelyavailable.（這給纖維素乙醇帶來了希望。纖維素乙醇是一種可以從廣泛使用的農(nóng)業(yè)“廢物”（如玉米棒或野草）中提取的產(chǎn)品。）雖然玉米棒或野草也是纖維素乙醇的來源，但是并不是題目要求的最有前途的來源，排除；C選項(xiàng)“大豆”，可定位到本節(jié)第2段第4句Muchofthestuffismadefromsoyabeans（大多數(shù)都是由大豆制成的），結(jié)合本段第1句Bio-diesel,asyet,isasmallerenterprise.（到目前為止，生物柴油是一個(gè)較小的企業(yè)。）由此可知，大豆是許多生物柴油的原材料，而非乙醇，排除。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

20.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干“美國的哪部分地區(qū)集中生產(chǎn)乙醇和生物柴油”，可定位到原文Bio-fuelsandAmericanfarms小節(jié)。本節(jié)第1段第2句Somepolicymakerscertainlyholdoutthisdream,particularlyintheMidwest,whereethanolandbio-dieselproductionisconcentrated.（一些政策制定者肯定堅(jiān)持這一夢想，尤其是在乙醇和生物柴油生產(chǎn)集中的中西部地區(qū)。）由此可知D選項(xiàng)“中西部”表述正確。A選項(xiàng)“東北”、B選項(xiàng)“南方”、C選項(xiàng)“西北”，表述錯(cuò)誤。因此，本題最佳選項(xiàng)為D。

3.填空題

Europe’ssocialservicesfaceachallengingtime.AngelaMerkelisfondofsayingthatEuropehas7%oftheworld’spopulation,25%ofitswealthand50%ofitswelfarespending.(66)

Thefirstchallengeistotapourcollectiveintelligence.Therearemanytoolsavailabletoinvolvemorepeopleinthedesignandimplementationofsocialcarepolicies,throughplatformssuchas.Attheirbest,thesedrawontheexperiencesandexpertiseofserviceusersandfrontlineworkerstohelpsolveproblems.Theyputpeopleatthecentreofdesigningsocialservices.

Thesecondchallengeistocommittoexperimentation.(67)Somegovernments,withFinlandandCanadaatthevanguard,areexploringalternativestotop-downnationalpolicies.They—alongwithScotlandandtheNetherlands—aretrialinginnovativeschemessuchasuniversalbasicincome,inthehopethattheywillfindasimpler,fairerwayofsupportingcitizenswithoutdiscouragingthemfrompaidemploymentorvoluntarywork.

Third,governmentsneedtomakethemostofdigitaltechnology.(68)

Fourth,governmentsneedtobesmarteraboutdata.(69)Somelocalauthoritiesareshowingwhatcanbedone.Hackneycouncil,forexample,isworkingwithXanthuratodevelopanartificialintelligencemodelthatcanidentifychildrenatincreasedriskofendingupinstatutorychildren’ssocialcare,sotheycangetbettersupport—improvinglivesandsavingmoney.

(70)India’sbiometricidentitycardAadhaarhastransformedaccesstofinancialservicesforpoorercommunities,butithasalsomadeitpossibleforthegovernmenttoofferloansdirecttocitizensthatcanberepaidthroughthetaxsystem.

A.We’reusedtotheintegrationoftechnologywitheverydayactivitiessuchasshopping,travelandtransport,butsimilarplatformscanalsobeusedforpublicservices.

B.Nooneknowswhatsocialcaremodelswillworkbestin10or20years’time—theonlywaytofindoutisbyexperimenting.

C.Aroundtheworldtherearemanyexamplesofevenmoreradicalchangethatprovethepublicsectorcaninnovatewherethere’sthewill.

D.Ifthecontinentistoavoidacontinuedperiodofstagnationandausterity,itwillneedtoexploremoreradicaloptions.

E.Dataisattheheartofprivatesectorbusinessmodels,butgovernmentsandNGOshavebeenmuchslowertorealisehowdatacanhelpthem.

F.Theseinnovationsallhaveasharedethos:aspiritoflearningbydoing,testingideasoutonasmallscaleandthenimprovingthem.

【答案】66.D

67.B

68.A

69.E

70.C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.We’reusedtotheintegrationoftechnologywitheverydayactivitiessuchasshopping,travelandtransport,butsimilarplatformscanalsobeusedforpublicservices.A.我們習(xí)慣于將技術(shù)與購物、旅行和交通等日?；顒?dòng)相結(jié)合，但類似的平臺(tái)也可用于公共服務(wù)。

B.Nooneknowswhatsocialcaremodelswillworkbestin10or20years’time—theonlywaytofindoutisbyexperimenting.B.沒有人知道在10年或20年后，什么樣的社會(huì)護(hù)理模式是最有效的，唯一的方法就是通過實(shí)驗(yàn)來發(fā)現(xiàn)。

C.Aroundtheworldtherearemanyexamplesofevenmoreradicalchangethatprovethepublicsectorcaninnovatewherethere’sthewill.C.在世界各地，有許多更激進(jìn)的變革的例子，證明公共部門可以在有意愿的地方進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新。

D.Ifthecontinentistoavoidacontinuedperiodofstagnationandausterity,itwillneedtoexploremoreradicaloptions.D.如果大陸要避免持續(xù)的停滯和緊縮，它就需要探索更多的激進(jìn)選擇。

E.Dataisattheheartofprivatesectorbusinessmodels,butgovernmentsandNGOshavebeenmuchslowertorealisehowdatacanhelpthem.E.數(shù)據(jù)是私營部門商業(yè)模式的核心，但政府和非政府組織在意識(shí)到數(shù)據(jù)可以幫助他們方面卻慢得多。

F.Theseinnovationsallhaveasharedethos:aspiritoflearningbydoing,testingideasoutonasmallscaleandthenimprovingthem.F.這些創(chuàng)新都有一個(gè)共同的精神：在實(shí)踐中學(xué)習(xí)的精神，在小范圍內(nèi)測試想法，然后改進(jìn)它們。

66.【考查點(diǎn)】上下文關(guān)聯(lián)和詞匯銜接。

【解題思路】文章開頭說到“歐洲的社會(huì)服務(wù)面臨著挑戰(zhàn)（faceachallengingtime）。”，下文分別介紹了面臨的具體挑戰(zhàn)和可以探索的措施，由此可知空格處應(yīng)該是對(duì)于這些挑戰(zhàn)和措施的總起句，同時(shí)D選項(xiàng)中的“continent（大陸）”與上文的“Europe（歐洲）”相對(duì)應(yīng)。因此D選項(xiàng)“如果大陸要避免持續(xù)的停滯和緊縮，它就需要探索更多的激進(jìn)選擇?！闭_。

67.【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯銜接。

【解題思路】本段開頭說到“第二個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)是致力于實(shí)驗(yàn)（experimentation）?！?，B選項(xiàng)中的“byexperimenting（通過實(shí)驗(yàn)）”和上文的“experimentation（實(shí)驗(yàn)）”相對(duì)應(yīng)。因此B選項(xiàng)“沒有人知道在10年或20年后，什么樣的社會(huì)護(hù)理模式是最有效的，唯一的方法就是通過實(shí)驗(yàn)來發(fā)現(xiàn)?！闭_。

68.【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯銜接。

【解題思路】本段開頭說到“政府需要充分利用數(shù)字技術(shù)（digitaltechnology）?！?，A選項(xiàng)中的“technology（技術(shù)）”和上文的“數(shù)字技術(shù)（digitaltechnology）”相對(duì)應(yīng)。因此A選項(xiàng)“我們習(xí)慣于將技術(shù)與購物、旅行和交通等日?；顒?dòng)相結(jié)合，但類似的平臺(tái)也可用于公共服務(wù)?！闭_。

69.【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯銜接。

【解題思路】本段開頭說到“政府需要更聰明地處理數(shù)據(jù)（data）?！保珽選項(xiàng)中的“Data（數(shù)據(jù)）”和上文的“besmarteraboutdata（更聰明地處理數(shù)據(jù)）”相對(duì)應(yīng)。因此E選項(xiàng)“數(shù)據(jù)是私營部門商業(yè)模式的核心，但政府和非政府組織在意識(shí)到數(shù)據(jù)可以幫助他們方面卻慢得多?！闭_。

70.【考查點(diǎn)】上下文關(guān)聯(lián)。

【解題思路】上文介紹的是歐洲的情況，本段以位于歐洲之外的印度為例進(jìn)行論證，C選項(xiàng)中的“Aroundtheworldtherearemanyexamples（在世界各地，有許多例子）”與下文的“India（印度）”相對(duì)應(yīng)，起到了銜接作用。因此C選項(xiàng)“在世界各地，有許多更激進(jìn)的變革的例子，證明公共部門可以在有意愿的地方進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新?！闭_。

4.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Whydoyoulistentomusic?Ifyoushouldputthisquestiontoanumberofpeople,youmightreceiveanswerslikethese:“Ilikethebeatofmusic”,“Ilookforattractivetunefulness”,“Iammovedbythesoundofchoralsinging”,“IlistentomusicformanyreasonsbutIcouldnotbegintodescribethemtoyouclearly”.Answerstothisquestionwouldbemanyanddiverse,yetalmostnoonewouldreply“Musicmeansnothingtome.”Tomostofus,musicmeanssomething;itevokessomeresponse.Weobtainsomesatisfactioninlisteningtomusic.

Formany,theenjoymentofmusicdoesnotremainatastandstill.Wefeelthatwecangetmoresatisfactionfromthemusicalexperience.Wewanttomakeclosercontactmusicinordertolearnmoreofitsnature;thuswecanrangemorebroadlyandfreelyintheareaofmusicalstyle,form,andexpression.Thisbookexploreswaysofachievingtheseobjectives.Itdeals,ofcourse,withthetechniquesofmusic,butonlyinordertoshowhowtechniqueisdirectedtowardexpressiveaimsinmusicandtowardthelistener’smusicalexperience.Inthisway,wemaygetanideaofthecomposer’sintentions,forindeed,thecomposeruseseverymusicaldeviceforitspowertocommunicateandforitscontributiontothemusicalexperience.

Althougheveryonehearsmusicdifferently,thereisacommongroundfromwhichallmusicalexperiencesgrow.Thatsourceissounditself.Soundistherawmaterialofmusic.Itmakesupthebodyandsubstanceofallmusicalactivity.Itisthepointofdepartureinthemusicalexperience.

Thekindsofsoundthatcanbeusedformusicalpurposesareamazinglyvaried.Throughouttheculturesoftheworld,EastandWest;avirtuallylimitlessarrayofsoundshasbeenemployedintheserviceofmusicalexpression.ListentoOrientaltheatremusic,thentoanexcerptfromaWagnerwork.Thesetwoareworldsapartintheirqualitiesofsoundaswellasinalmosteveryotherfeature,yeteachsayssomethingimportanttosomelisteners.Eachcanstiralistenerandevokearesponseinhim.Allmusic,whetheritisthepulsationofprimitivetribaldrumsorthecomplexcoordinationofvoicesandinstrumentsinanopera,hasthisfeature:Itisbaseduponthepowerofsoundtostiroutsenseandfeelings.

Yetsoundaloneisnotmusic.Somethinghashappenedtothesound.Itmustmoveforwardintime.Everythingthattakesplacemusicallyinvolvesthemovementofsound.Ifwehearaseriesofdrumbeats,wereceiveanimpressionofmovementfromonestroketothenext.Whensoundsfolloweachotherinapatternofmelody,wereceiveanimpressionofmovementfromonetonetothenext.Allmusicmoves;andbecauseitmoves,itisassociatedwithafundamentaltruthofexistenceandexperience.Wearestirredbyimpressionsofmovementbecauseourverylivesareconstantlyinmovement.Breathing,theactionofthepulse,growth,decay,thechangeofdayandnight,aswellastheconstantflowofphysicalaction―thesealltestifytothefundamentalrolethatmovementplaysinourlife.Musicappealstoourdesireandourneedformovement.

1.Theauthorindicatesatthebeginningofthepassagethat（）.

2.Wecaninferfromthesecondparagraphthatthebookfromwhichthisexcerptistakenismainlymeantfor（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,enjoyingmusicisnotanendinitselfbecausepeoplehopeto（）throughlistening.

4.Whatisthecommongroundformusicalexperiencetodevelop?

5.Theimportanceofmovementinmusicisexplainedbycomparingitto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.peoplelistentomusicforsimilarreason

B.reasonsforlisteningtomusicarevaried

C.somepeopledon’tunderstandmusicatall

D.purposesforlisteningtomusiccanbespecified

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.listeners

B.composers

C.musicians

D.directors

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.learnmoremusicaldevices

B.knowmoreaboutcomposers

C.communicatemoreeffectively

D.understandmusicbetter

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Material

B.Listening

C.Sound

D.Activity

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.apatternofmelody

B.aseriesofdrumbeats

C.physicalmovement

D.existenceandexperience

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到本文第一段第三句話“Answerstothisquestionwouldbemanyanddiverse”（這個(gè)問題的答案是多種多樣的）可知，人們聽音樂的原因是各種各樣的。A選項(xiàng)“人們聽音樂也是出于類似的原因”說法錯(cuò)誤，人們聽音樂的原因不一樣；C選項(xiàng)“有些人根本不懂音樂”沒有原文依據(jù)；D選項(xiàng)“可以指定收聽音樂的目的”說法錯(cuò)誤，聽音樂也是隨機(jī)的，目的是不能夠指定的。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。由題干定位到本文第二段第二句話“Wefeelthatwecangetmoresatisfactionfromthemusicalexperience”（我們覺得我們可以從音樂體驗(yàn)中獲得更多的滿足感）可知，這里的“我們”指的是聽音樂的人，即聽眾。B選項(xiàng)“作曲家”、C選項(xiàng)“音樂家”、D選項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)演”均為干擾項(xiàng)，這些都是與音樂有關(guān)的人，但是與本段的語義不符。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到本文第二段第三句話“Wewanttomakeclosercontactmusicinordertolearnmoreofitsnature;thuswecanrangemorebroadlyandfreelyintheareaofmusicalstyle,form,andexpression”（我們想要更密切地接觸音樂，以便更多地了解它的本質(zhì)；因此，我們可以在音樂風(fēng)格、形式和表達(dá)方面有更廣泛和自由的范圍）可知，我們聽音樂是為了了解音樂的本質(zhì)。A選項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)更多音樂設(shè)備”、B選項(xiàng)“多了解作曲家”、C選項(xiàng)“更有效的溝通”也是我們聽音樂可以獲得的，但不是終極目的。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“commonground”定位到本文第三段第一句話“Althougheveryonehearsmusicdifferently,thereisacommongroundfromwhichallmusicalexperiencesgrow.Thatsourceissounditself”（雖然每個(gè)人聽音樂的方式都不一樣，但所有音樂體驗(yàn)都有一個(gè)共同的基礎(chǔ)，那就是聲音本身）可知音樂的基礎(chǔ)是聲音本身。A選項(xiàng)“素材”、B選項(xiàng)“傾聽”、D選項(xiàng)“活動(dòng)”均為干擾項(xiàng)，不是音樂的基礎(chǔ)，而是制作成音樂后的內(nèi)容。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“movement”定位到最后一段第八、九句話“Wearestirredbyimpressionsofmovementbecauseourverylivesareconstantlyinmovement.Breathing,theactionofthepulse,growth,decay,thechangeofdayandnight,aswellastheconstantflowofphysicalaction―thesealltestifytothefundamentalrolethatmovementplaysinourlife”（我們被運(yùn)動(dòng)的印象所觸動(dòng)，因?yàn)槲覀兊纳钜恢倍荚谶\(yùn)動(dòng)。呼吸、脈搏的活動(dòng)、成長、衰退、晝夜的變化，以及不斷的身體動(dòng)作——這些都證明了運(yùn)動(dòng)在我們生活中所扮演的基本角色。）可知這里的運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)應(yīng)的是physicalmovement。A選項(xiàng)“一種旋律模式”，當(dāng)聲音以一種旋律的模式彼此跟隨時(shí)，我們會(huì)得到一種從一個(gè)音調(diào)到另一個(gè)音調(diào)的移動(dòng)印象；B選項(xiàng)“一連串的鼓聲”，如果我們聽到一系列的鼓聲，我們會(huì)得到一個(gè)動(dòng)作的印象；D選項(xiàng)“存在和經(jīng)驗(yàn)”，存在和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基本真理相聯(lián)系。這三項(xiàng)均為干擾項(xiàng)，不是movement所指代的意義。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

WhowontheWorldCup1994footballgame?WhathappenedattheUnitedNations?Howdidthecriticslikethenewplay?（1）aneventtakesplace,newspapersareonthestreet（2）thedetails.

（3）anythinghappensintheworld,reportersareonthespottogatherthenews.

Newspapershaveonebasic（4）togetthenewsasquicklyaspossiblefromitssource,fromthosewhomakeittothosewhowantto（5）it.

Radio,telegraph,television,and（6）inventionsbroughtcompetitionfornewspapers.Sodidthedevelopmentofmagazinesandothermeansofcommunication.（7）,thiscompetitionmerelyspurredthenewspaperson.Theyquicklymadeuseofthenewerandfastermeansofcommunicationtoimprovethe（8）andthustheefficiencyoftheirownoperations.Todaymorenewspapersare（9）andreadthaneverbefore.Competitionalsolednewspapersto（10）outintomanyotherfields.Besideskeepingreadersinformedofthelatestnews,today’snewspapersentertainandinfluencereadersaboutpoliticsandotherimportantandserious（11）.

Newspapersinfluencereaders,economicchoices（12）advertising.Mostnewspapersdependonadvertisingfortheirvery（13）.Newspapersaresoldatapricethat（14）evenasmallfractionofthecostofproduction.Themain（15）ofincomeformostnewspapersiscommercialadvertising.The（16）insellingadvertisingdependsnewspaper’svaluetoadvertisers.This（17）intermsofcirculation.Howmanypeoplereadthenewspaper?

Circulationdepends（18）ontheworkofthecirculationdepartmentandontheservicesorentertainment（19）inanewspaper’spages.Butforthemostpart,circulationdependsonanewspaper’svaluetoreadersasasourceofinformation（20）thecommunity,city,county,state,nationandworld—andevenouterspace.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Justwhen

B.While

C.Soonafter

D.Before

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.togive

B.giving

C.given

D.beinggiven

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Wherever

B.Whatever

C.However

D.Whichever

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.reason

B.cause

C.problem

D.purpose

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.make

B.publish

C.know

D.write

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.another

B.other

C.oneanother

D.theother

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.However

B.And

C.Therefore

D.So

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.value

B.ratio

C.rate

D.speed

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.spread

B.passed

C.printed

D.completed

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.provoke

B.jump

C.step

D.branch

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.matters

B.affairs

C.things

D.events

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.through

C.with

D.of

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.forms

B.existence

C.contents

D.purpose

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.triestocover

B.managestocover

C.failstocover

D.succeedsincovering

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.source

B.origin

C.course

D.finance

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.way

B.means

C.chance

D.success

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.measures

B.measured

C.ismeasured

D.wasmeasured

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.somewhat

B.little

C.much

D.something

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.offering

B.offered

C.whichoffered

D.tobeoffered

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.by

B.with

C.at

D.about

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:C

第10題:C

第11題:D

第12題:B

第13題:B

第14題:C

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:C

第18題:C

第19題:D

第20題:C

【解析】1.考查時(shí)間副詞（短語）。Justwhen正當(dāng)；While當(dāng)……時(shí)；Soonafter不久之后；Before在……之前；根據(jù)上下文判斷，事件發(fā)生在前，報(bào)紙報(bào)道在后。soonafter“不久以后”，符合句意。

2.

考查分詞辨析?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，報(bào)紙報(bào)道事件細(xì)節(jié)是主動(dòng)的，所以用giving。

3.

考查關(guān)系代詞。Wherever無論哪里，表地點(diǎn)；Whatever無論什么；However不管怎樣；Whichever無論哪一個(gè)；由后一句onthespot（當(dāng)場）可推斷出應(yīng)選地點(diǎn)狀語wherever。

4.考查固定搭配。reason原因；cause成因；problem問題；purpose目的。由動(dòng)詞不定式toget可判定本句表示目的，purpose“目的”，選項(xiàng)D符合要求。

5.

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。make使，讓；publish出版；know知道，了解；write寫。句意：新聞發(fā)生的源頭或是從那些將新聞制作并散播人處獲得，并傳播給那些想要了解新聞的人們。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

6.

考查代詞辨析。another另一個(gè)；oneanother彼此，互相；theother兩者中的另一個(gè)；other“其他的”，其后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示泛指。句意：收音機(jī)、電報(bào)、電視以及其他發(fā)明。

7.

考查邏輯連接詞。However然而，表轉(zhuǎn)折；And而且，表并列；Therefore因此，表因果；So因此，表結(jié)果。根據(jù)上下文，句子間邏輯判斷為轉(zhuǎn)折。選項(xiàng)中的however意為“然而”，符合句意。

8.

考查名詞辨析。value價(jià)值；ratio比例；rate比率；speed速度。句意：他們快速地使用更新并且更快的交流方式來提高速度。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

9.

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。spread傳播；passed傳遞，通過；printed打印，印刷；completed完成。句意：如今更多的報(bào)紙被印刷并且被閱讀。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

10.

考查固定搭配。stepoutinto“拓展”，既