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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京信息工程大學(xué)濱江學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.寫作題

WriteontheANSWERSHEETacompositionofabout250wordsbasedonthetopic“EducationMakesABetterFuture”.

Youaretowriteinthreeparts.

Inthefirstpart,statespecificallywhatyouropinionis.

Inthesecondpart,provideoneortworeasonsoryourexperience(s)tosupportyouropinion.

Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionormakeasummary.

【答案】略

2.單選題

Thelossofthe(

)ofhishearingdidn’tstophimfrombeingausefulmemberofthesociety.

問題1選項

A.ability

B.capability

C.power

D.faculty

【答案】A

【解析】句意:聽覺能力的喪失阻礙不了他成為一名對社會有用的人。

考查名詞辨析。Ability能力,才能(指人先天的或?qū)W來的各種能力);capability才能,能力,,容量(指勝任某項具體工作的能力,也指本身具有、尚未發(fā)揮的潛能);power功率,力量,能力,政權(quán),勢力(泛指一切力量或能力等);faculty科,系,能力,全體教員(指特殊的才能或智力)。由關(guān)鍵詞hearing(聽力)可知這里指先天能力,故選A。

3.單選題

Opportunitiesforrewardingworkbecomefewerforbothmenandwomenastheygrewolder.Afterage40,jobhuntingbecomesevenmoredifficult.Manyworkersstayatjobstheyaretoooldforratherthanfacepossiblerejection.Ouryouth-oriented,threw-awaycultureseeslittlevalueinolderpeople.InwriterLillianHellman'swords,theyhave"thewisdomthatcomeswithagethatwecan'tmakeuseof.”

Unemploymentandeconomicneedforworkishigheramongolderwomen,especiallyminorities,thanamongyoungerwhitewomen.Anationalcouncilreportsthesefindings.Thoughunemployedlongerwhenseekingwork,olderwomenjob-huntharder,holdajoblongerwithlessabsenteeism,performaswellorbetter,aremorereliable,andaremorewillinggolearnthanmenoryoungerwomen.Yetmanyolderwomenearnpoorpayandfaceafutureofpovertyintheirretirementyears.Whensexismmeetsageism,povertyisnolongeronthedoorstep-itmovesin,accordingtoTishSommers,directorofaspecialstudyonolderwomenfortheNationalOrganizationforWomen.Yeta1981reportontheWhiteHouseConferenceonAgingshowsthatasagroup,olderAmericansarethe"wealthiest,bestfed,besthoused,healthiest,mostself-reliantolderpopulationinourhistory."Thisstatementissmallcomforttothoselivingbelowthepovertyline,butitdoesexplodesomeoftheoldtraditionalbeliefsandfears.

Opportunitiesformovinginandupinalargecompanymayshrinkbutmanyolderpeoplebeginsuccessfulsmallbusinesses,volunteerinsatisfyingactivities,andstayactiveformanyyears.Theyhavefewrolemodelsbecauseinpreviousgenerationsthelifespanwasmuchshorterandexpectationsoflifewerefewer.Theyareploughingnewground.

Employersarebeginningtorecognizethatthematurepersoncanbringagreatofstabilityandresponsibilitytoaposition.Onedoesn'tloseabilityandexperienceontheeveofone's65thor70thbirthdayanymorethanonegrowsupinstantlyatage21.

1.Aftertheageof40,(

).

2.FromHellman'sremark,wecanseethat(

).

3.TishSommersarguesthat

).

4.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,itcanbeseenthatolderAmericans

).

5.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatthewriter(

).

問題1選項

A.mostworkersaretiredoftheirpresentjobs

B.manyworkerstendtosticktotheirpresentjobs

C.peoplefindtheirjobsmorerewardingthanbefore

D.peoplestillwishtohuntfoxmoresuitablejobs

問題2選項

A.fullusehasbeenmadeofthewisdomofolderpeople

B.thewisdomofolderpeopleisnotvaluedbyAmericansociety

C.olderpeoplearenolessintelligentthanyoungpeople

D.thewisdomofolderpeopleisofgreatvaluetoAmericansociety

問題3選項

A.olderwomenusuallyhardtoescapepoverty

B.olderwomenusuallyperformbetterintheirjobs

C.themajorcauseofthepovertyofolderwomenissexism

D.morepeoplehavecometobelieveinsexismandageism

問題4選項

A.havemorejobopportunitiesthanyoungpeople

B.livebelowthepovertyline

C.havenewopportunitiestoremainactiveinsociety

D.nolongerbelieveinthepromiseofahappylifeuponretirement

問題5選項

A.callsattentiontothelivingconditionsofolderAmericans

B.believesthatthevalueofolderpeopleisgainingincreasingrecognition

C.attemptstojustifytheyouth—oriented,throw-awaycultureoftheUnitedStates

D.arguespeopleshouldnotretireattheageof65or70

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段的二三句“Afterage40,jobhuntingbecomesevenmoredifficult.Manyworkersstayatjobstheyaretoooldforratherthanfacepossiblerejection.”40歲以后,找工作變得更加困難。許多人寧愿待在因為自己年紀太大而無法勝任的工作崗位上,也不愿面對可能的拒絕。選項B符合原文。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Hellman”定位到第一段最后一句,用作家LillianHellman的話來說,他們擁有“我們無法利用的隨著年齡增長而來的智慧”。再根據(jù)選項來推斷,選項A中的“fulluse”明顯錯誤;選項B“年長者的智慧沒有被美國社會所重視”,符合原文;選項C和D在文中沒有提及。所以本題選B。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段,然而,許多老年婦女收入微薄,在退休后面臨貧困的未來。據(jù)英國國家婦女組織一項針對老年婦女的特別研究的負責(zé)人TishSommers說,當(dāng)性別歧視與年齡歧視發(fā)生沖突時,貧困就不再近在咫尺——它正在向貧困逼近。也就是說,年長的女性通常很難擺脫貧困,選項A符合原文。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Opportunitiesformovinginandupinalargecompanymayshrinkbutmanyolderpeoplebeginsuccessfulsmallbusinesses,volunteerinsatisfyingactivities,andstayactiveformanyyears.”盡管進入大公司并晉升的機會可能會減少,但許多老年人開始成功的小生意,自愿參加令人滿意的活動,并在多年來都保持著活躍。由此可知,老年人有新的機會在社會上保持活躍,選項C符合原文。

5.推理判斷題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,作者主要表達的思想是美國社會忽略了年長者的智慧,再根據(jù)最后一段末句“Onedoesn'tloseabilityandexperienceontheeveofone's65thor70thbirthdayanymorethanonegrowsupinstantlyatage21.”一個人在65歲或70歲生日前夕不會喪失能力和經(jīng)驗,正如一個人在21歲時不會立即長大一樣。也就是說,作者相信老年人的價值正在獲得越來越多的認可。選項B符合原文。

4.單選題

Itwasrecommendedthatthey____forthedoctor.

問題1選項

A.wait

B.wouldwait

C.waited

D.shouldhavewaited

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.wait等待B.wouldwait等待

C.waited等待D.shouldhavewaited等待

【答案】A

【考查點】虛擬語氣

【解題思路】本題考查的是虛擬語氣的使用情況之一:表示建議、命令、主張、目的和愿望等的主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句通常使用虛擬語氣,其形式為should+動詞原形,其中should可以省略。本題為表示建議的主語從句,空格處所填的內(nèi)容為從句的謂語,因此需要使用“(should)+動詞原形”,A選項wait“等待”符合要求。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項不符合該虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)要求。

【句意】有人建議他們等醫(yī)生。

5.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodEnglish.

1.故宮雄偉、壯麗,是中國古建筑藝術(shù)的巔峰之作,其規(guī)模和獨具特色的風(fēng)格享譽世界。故宮內(nèi)保存著大量珍貴、稀有的古物,它們對研究明、清兩代歷史和歷史藝術(shù)具有十分重要的意義。1925年故宮改名為故宮博物館,成為世界最大的博物館之一。

2.這一年,我們隆重紀念了中國人民抗日戰(zhàn)爭暨世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭勝利70周年,舉行了盛大閱兵,昭示了正義必勝、和平必勝、人民必勝的真理。我和馬英九先生在新加坡會面,實現(xiàn)了跨越66年時空的握手,表明兩岸關(guān)系和平發(fā)展是兩岸同胞的共同心愿。

3.新西蘭是發(fā)達的高福利社會,并以盛產(chǎn)高質(zhì)量的水果、肉和乳制品著稱于世。服務(wù)業(yè),特別是旅游以及與教育相關(guān)的產(chǎn)業(yè),也在經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中起著重要作用。每年有很多來自中國的游客和留學(xué)生來到新西蘭享受它所提供的一切。

【答案】1.ThemagnificentandsplendidImperialPalace,asthepinnacleofancientChineseart,isworld-renownedforitsscaleanduniquestyle.TheImperialPalacecontainsalargenumberofpreciousandrareantiquities,whichareofgreatsignificancetothestudyofthehistoryandhistoricalartoftheMingandQingdynasties.In1925,TheImperialPalacewasrenamedthePalaceMuseum,becomingoneofthelargestmuseumsintheworld.

2.Thisyear,wesolemnlycommemoratedthe70thanniversaryofthevictoryoftheChinesepeople'swarofresistanceagainstJapaneseaggressionandtheworldanti-fascistwar.Agrandmilitaryparadewasheldtodemonstratethetruththatjusticewillwin,peacewillprevailandthepeoplebeboundtowin.WhenMr.MaYing-jeouandImetinSingapore,weshookhandsacross66yearsoftimeandspace.Thisshowsthatpeacefuldevelopmentofcross-straitsrelationsisthecommonaspirationofpeopleonbothsidesoftheTaiwanstraits.

3.NewZealandisadevelopedsocietywithhighwelfareandisrenownedforitshighqualityfruit,meatanddairyproducts.Services,especiallytourismandeducation-relatedindustries,alsoplayanimportantroleineconomicdevelopmentinNewZealand.EveryyearmanyChinesetouristsandstudentscometoNewZealandtoenjoywhatitcanoffer.

6.單選題

Thebedhasbeen(

)inthefamily.Itwasmygreat-grandmother’soriginally.

問題1選項

A.handedout

B.handedover

C.handeddown

D.handedround

【答案】C

【解析】詞組辨析題。handout分發(fā),施舍;handover上交,移交;handdown宣布;流傳下來;handround分發(fā),傳遞。

句意:這張床是我們家流傳下來的。它原本是我曾祖母的。選項C更符合語境。

7.單選題

Theinstructionsonhowtousethenewmachine()thatnobodyseemedtobeabletounderstand.

問題1選項

A.wereverysimplistic

B.wasveryconfused

C.weresoconfusing

D.wassosimplistic

【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù)下文句意,沒人能理解,首先排除選項A和D;confused的主語是人;confusing的主語是物。本句的主語是instructions,所以選項C正確。

8.單選題

Theeditorconsideredtheauthor’sanalysisinthisarticletobepenetrating.

問題1選項

A.extensive

B.profound

C.conclusive

D.valuable

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。penetrating“敏銳的;深刻的;透徹的”;A選項extensive“廣泛的;大量的;廣闊的”;B選項profound“徹底的;意義深遠的;深刻的”;C選項conclusive“決定性的;最后的;確定性的”;D選項valuable“有價值的;貴重的;可估價的”。句意:編輯認為作者在這篇文章中的分析很有穿透力。根據(jù)句中“theauthor’sanalysisinthisarticle作者在這篇文章中的分析”可知penetrating在這里的意思應(yīng)為“深刻的”,因此B選項正確。

9.單選題

Thejobsofwildlifetechniciansandbiologistseemed(

)tohim,butonedayhediscoveredtheirdifference.

問題1選項

A.identical

B.vertical

C.parallel

D.specific

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。identical意為“相同的,同一的”;vertical意為“垂直的,豎立的”;parallel意為“平行的”;specific意為“明確的”。

句意:野生動物技術(shù)人員和生物學(xué)家的工作對他來說似乎是一樣的,但有一天他發(fā)現(xiàn)了它們的不同之處。

10.單選題

Thisissuehasbecomeapoliticalhot().

問題1選項

A.potato

B.cake

C.rod

D.bun

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項potato“土豆,馬鈴薯”;B選項cake“蛋糕,塊狀物;利益總額”;C選項rod“棒,懲罰,枝條,權(quán)力”;D選項bun“小圓面包”。hotpotato為俗語,意思是燙手的山芋,即棘手的事件。句意:這一事件升級為一個棘手的政治事件。因此A選項正確。

11.單選題

Thewinningteamloudly()itsvictory.

問題1選項

A.magnified

B.proclaimed

C.signified

D.exclaimed

【答案】D

【解析】magnified放大,夸張;proclaimed宣布,一般指官方宣布重大事件;signified表明;exclaimed呼喊,指因高興、憤怒、痛苦、驚訝等突發(fā)感情而高聲喊叫。句意:獲勝的隊伍大聲的歡呼著勝利。所以選項D符合句意。

12.單選題

Hispositionwascontrarytothatoftheteacher's.

問題1選項

A.similar

B.opposite

C.foreseeable

D.contentious

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。題目中becontraryto表示“與……相反”;A選項besimilarto表示“與……類似的,相似的”;B選項beoppositeto表示“與……相反的,對立的”;C選項為“可預(yù)見的,可預(yù)知的”;D選項為“有異議的,有爭論的”。由句意可知,他的位置與老師相反。因此,正確答案是B項。

13.單選題

Thedealwasheldinabeyanceuntilhisarrival.

問題1選項

A.adduce

B.suspension

C.bay

D.court

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義名詞辨析。A選項adduce“(v.)舉出;引證”;B選項suspension“懸??;暫停;停職”;C選項bay“海灣;狗吠聲”;D選項court“法院;球場;朝廷;奉承”。句意:在他到來之前,這筆交易被暫時擱置。abeyance“中止,停頓;歸屬待定,暫擱”,B選項與該詞詞意最相近,因此B選項正確。

14.單選題

Dangerouschemicalsmay(

)throughthesoilintorivers.Freedumpingofwastesshouldbeprohibited.

問題1選項

A.spread

B.permeate

C.perplex

D.filter

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項spread“傳播”;B選項permeate“彌漫,滲透”;C選項perplex“使困惑”;D選項filter“過濾,滲透”。句意:危險的化學(xué)物質(zhì)可能滲入土壤進入河流。禁止隨意傾倒廢物。選項B符合句意。

15.單選題

),Imustdoanotherexperiment.

問題1選項

A.Beiteversolate

B.Itiseversolate

C.Itbeeversolate

D.Solateitbeever

【答案】A

【解析】考查狀語從句的倒裝。根據(jù)選項及句意,可推測空格指“盡管很晚了,但我必須再做一個實驗”,Beiteversolate是由Thoughit(may)beeversolate而來,省略了though再將be移至主語it之前而來。句意:盡管很晚了,但我必須再做一個實驗。

16.單選題

Attheheightofthewar,morethanamillionpeopleweredisplacedandconfinedtosqualidcamps.

問題1選項

A.wet

B.tiny

C.crowded

D.dirty

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.wet潮濕的B.tiny極小的,微小的

C.crowded擁擠的D.dirty骯臟的,污穢的

【答案】D

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】squalid的意思為“骯臟的”,表示難民營很臟,dirty與之詞義相近,因此D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】在戰(zhàn)爭最激烈的時候,有一百多萬人流離失所,被關(guān)在骯臟的難民營里。

17.單選題

TherearemanysuperstitionsinBritain.Butoneofthemost(1)heldisthatitisunluckytowalkunderaladderevenifitmeans(2)thepavementintoabusystreet!(3)youmustpassunderaladderyoucan(4)badluckbycrossingyourfingersand(5)themcrosseduntilyouhaveseenadog.(6),youmaylickyourfingerand(7)acrossonthetoeofyourshoe,andnotlookagainattheshoeuntilthe(8)hasdried.

Anothercommon(9)isthatitisunluckytoopenanumbrellainthehouse—itwilleitherbring(10)tothepersonwhoopeneditortothewhole(11).Anyoneopeninganumbrellainfineweatheris(12),asitinevitablybringsrain!

Thenumber13issaidtobeunluckyforsomeandwhenthe13thdayofthemonth(13)onaFriday,anyonewishingtoavoidabedeventhadbetterstay(14).Theworstmisfortunethatearnhappentoapersoniscausedbybreakingaminor,

(15)itbeingssevenyearsofbedluck.Thesuperstitionissupposedto(16)inancienttimes,whenminorswereconsideredtobetoolsofthegods.

BlackcatsaregenerallyconsideredluckyinBritain,eventhoughtheyare(17)witchcraft.Itis(18)luckyifablackcatcrossedyourpathalthoughinAmericatheexactoppositebeliefprevails.

Finally,acommonheldsuperstitionisthatoftouchingwood(19)luck.Thismeasureismostoftentakenifyouthinkyouhavesaidsomethingthatistemptingfate,suchas“mycarhasnever(20),touchwood?”

問題1選項

A.broadly

B.widely

C.quickly

D.speedily

問題2選項

A.runningfrom

B.jumpingoff

C.steppingoff

D.keepingfrom

問題3選項

A.If

B.As

C.Though

D.Unless

問題4選項

A.erase

B.remove

C.avoid

D.ease

問題5選項

A.keep

B.keeping

C.kept

D.tokeep

問題6選項

A.Consequently

B.However

C.Comparatively

D.Alternatively

問題7選項

A.make

B.print

C.perform

D.produce

問題8選項

A.label

B.symbol

C.mark

D.cut

問題9選項

A.argument

B.superstition

C.opinion

D.idea

問題10選項

A.loss

B.difficultly

C.tragedy

D.misfortune

問題11選項

A.house

B.household

C.home

D.circle

問題12選項

A.unwise

B.unintelligent

C.unpopular

D.unfortunate

問題13選項

A.falls

B.arrives

C.drops

D.happens

問題14選項

A.away

B.outdoors

C.indoors

D.far

問題15選項

A.when

B.as

C.if

D.though

問題16選項

A.haveoriginated

B.beoriginating

C.beoriginated

D.originate

問題17選項

A.concernedabout

B.relatedwith

C.associatedwith

D.connectedin

問題18選項

A.especially

B.specially

C.frequently

D.rarely

問題19選項

A.as

B.for

C.in

D.of

問題20選項

A.brokenup

B.brokenoff

C.brokenaway

D.brokendown

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:B

第10題:D

第11題:B

第12題:C

第13題:A

第14題:C

第15題:B

第16題:A

第17題:C

第18題:A

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】第1題:考查副詞辨析。broadly意為“寬廣地”,指幅度范圍的寬廣;widely意為“廣泛地”;quickly意為“迅速地”;speedily意為“快速的”。由句意“英國有很多迷信的說法,其中最……流傳的是在梯子下走過會帶來厄運”可知B選項最為恰當(dāng)。

第2題:考查動詞辨析。runfrom意為“逃避”;jumpoff意為“跳下”;stepoff意為“離開”;keepfrom意為“隱瞞,阻止”。此處表示離開人行道走進繁忙的街道。

第3題:考查上下文語義。由前面可知在梯子下走會帶來厄運,此處表示假設(shè)發(fā)生了這樣的情況,因此填if。

第4題:考查上下文語義。由前面的“如果發(fā)生了在梯子下走的情況”可知此處表示通過某種方式可以避免厄運,因此填avoid(避開,避免)。

第5題:考查動詞形式。前文的“by”為介詞,介詞后接動名詞形式,與前面的crossing保持一致。

第6題:考查上下文語義。consequently意為“所以,因此”;however意為“然而”;comparatively

意為“對比地”;alternatively意為“或者”。前面已提出了一種避免厄運的方法,此處表示另外一種方法,因此選D。

第7題:考查固定搭配。makeacross意為“畫一個十字”。

第8題:考查名詞辨析。label意為“標簽”;symbol意為“象征,符號”,一般是指象征意義性的標志;mark意為“標記”,一般指眼睛看到的事物留下的印跡。此處指的是畫在鞋上的cross,因此選C。

第9題:考查上下文語義。前面提到了英國有很多迷信,舉了一個最流傳的例子,此處表示另一種迷信,因此選B。

第10題:考查上下文語義。由前面的itisunluckytoopenanumbrellainthehouse可知與unlucky相近詞為misfortune(不幸,厄運)。

第11題:考查上下文語義。由or可知此處與前面的tothepersonwhoopeneditortothewhole___表示并列關(guān)系,與theperson相對應(yīng)的為household(一家人,全家人),因此選B。

第12題:考查上下文語義。由后面的asitinevitablybringsrain(因為它不可避免地會帶來雨水)可推測在晴天打雨傘是不好的、不受歡迎的,因此填unpopular(不受歡迎的)。

第13題:考查固定搭配。fallon意為“適逢(某日),正當(dāng)(某日)”;happenon意為“巧遇,偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)”,主語一般指人,因此選A。

第14題:考查上下文語義。stayaway意為“離開,缺席”;stayoutdoors意為“待在戶外”;stayindoors意為“待在家里,不外出”;stayfar意為“離遠點”。由前面的anyonewishingtoavoidabedeventhadbetterstay___(想要避免倒霉的人最好……)可知C選項最恰當(dāng)。

第15題:考查連詞辨析。此處為兩個并列的句子,需要連詞連接,前句內(nèi)容為“最大的厄運是打碎鏡子引起的”,后句內(nèi)容為“這會帶來七年的厄運”,后句是前句的原因,因此填as(因為,由于)。

第16題:考查時態(tài)。由后面的whenminorswereconsideredtobetoolsofthegods可知時間發(fā)生在過去,可知這個迷信始于過去,對現(xiàn)在仍有影響,因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(have+過去分詞),選A。

第17題:考查固定搭配。表示“與……與關(guān)”的搭配有:beconcernedwith、berelatedto、beconnectedwith、beassociatedwith,因此選C。

第18題:考查上下文語義。由前面的內(nèi)容可知黑貓在英國被視為幸運的動物,那么有一只黑貓從你面前穿過則是幸運的,此處表示幸運的程度,因此用副詞especially(特別,非常)修飾。

第19題:考查介詞辨析。for表示目的,意為“為了”,此處表示觸摸木頭尋求好運,因此選B。

第20題:考查動詞辨析。breakup意為“分手,結(jié)束”;breakoff意為“斷開,突然中止”;breakaway意為“逃離,掙脫”;breakdown意為“(機器或車輛)出毛病,損壞”。此處表示我的車從來沒發(fā)生過故障,因此選D。

18.單選題

Thatscientistisnottoohappywiththeproject,and()arehersupervisors.

問題1選項

A.either

B.neither

C.so

D.as

【答案】B

【解析】句意:那位科學(xué)家對這個項目不太滿意,她的主管也不太滿意。兩者都不用neither。

19.填空題

AHaveyouseenmydictionary?Ican’tfindit(1).

BIsthatitovertherebythedoor?

CItis!I(2)haveleftitthereyesterdayafternoonaswewereleavingfortheday.

句意:

你有看見我的字典嗎?我到處都找不到它。

在門口的那個是你的字典不?

是的!在昨天下午我們放學(xué)時,我有可能把它放在那里了。

【答案】1.anywhere

2.probably

【解析】1.語義題。anywhere:任何地方,到處。

2.語法題。副詞修飾動詞left(動詞leave的過去分詞)。

20.單選題

1.BurtonFeldman,authorofTheNobelPrize:AHistoryofGenius,Controversy,andPrestige,exploresthreesignificantquestionsabouttheNobelPrizes.Thefirstiswhytheybecamesofamousandinfluential.Today,aNobellaureateisgrantedbothapriestlyauraandrealpowers.Perhapsmostpervasivelyinthesciences,laureatesshapefieldsandthepublicperceptionofthem.Likeeverythingthatinspirespublicaweandjealousy,theNobelsawakentheimpsofsatire,notablyintheyearlyanointingoftheIgnobelPrizes.Inpart,theamountofmoneytheprizecarries(about$910,000in2000)matters;cashvalueblurseasilyintocachet.LearningfromtheNobel,newerprizesthatwantvisibilityandprestigeoftenwritebigcheckstothewinners.Severalearlywinners,especiallyMarieCurie,thepoorstudentwhosufferedbuttriumphedforscience,cameequippedwithcompelling,media-friendlystories.Oncefamous,theprizes,liketheOscars,garneredpublicityeachyearsimplybecausetheywerethere.Aisc,asMr.Feldmanrightlysuggests,weneedabridgebetween“esotericknowledge,highintellectualachievementandthemarketplace.”Wecannotunderstandexactlywhatalaureatedidthatissomagnificent,butwecanunderstandtheNobelstampofapproval,thebrandname.AsMr.Feldmanwrites,“Wherecomprehensionfails,celebrityfillsin.”Wetrustthat“Nobelity”computeswithnobility.

2.Thetruebelieverwouldassertthatwerespect,evenrevere,theNobelPrizebecausethewinnerspatentlyandintrinsicallydeserveit.Merithastriumphedoverthemundaneandmediocre.Mr.Feldman’ssecondquestioniswhetherithas.Lotsoflobbyinggoeson;giventhestakes,thepolitickingcangetrelentless.Itis,however,onlyonefeatureofaselectionprocessthatisbothcompetitiveandstandardizedenoughtoproduceawinningNobelprofile.Mr.FeldmansardonicallyofferspracticaladvicetoaNobelwannabe:TrytoliveinBritain,theUnitedStatesorGermany;gotoaneliteschool;haveagoodmentor,beintherightplace;workhardattherightproblem;winotherprizes;livealongtime,(Thereisoftenatime-lagbetweenachievementandNobelrecognition—16yearsinthecaseofEinstein.In1948,whenT.S.Eliotwasrecognized,hewas60yearsoldandstoopedwithhonors.)

3.TheNobelblundersarepublicknowledge.Themanwhopioneeredpre-frontallobotomiessuccessfullyangledforaNobel;DmitriMendeleev,whoinventedtheperiodictableoftheelements,wasneveralaureate.Fordecades,atomicphysicswaspreferredtoastrophysicsandgeophysics.Onecouldlistfurtherexamples—buteveryprizecompetitionmakeserrorsofcommissionandomission.

4.ThethirdquestionthatMr.Feldmanexploresiswhymistakeshappen,eveninthishonorablecompetition.TheNobels,likeallbutthemostflexibleandidiosyncraticofprizecompetitions,mustworkwithinguidelinesandparameters.Theymayultimatelyconstrictit—likeplaqueinanartery.ThetermsofNobel’swillmayhavehelpedtodeformtheliteratureawardsbydemandingworkof“anidealistictendency”.Ingeneral,theprizeshaveunderwrittenthemisleadingmythofthetoweringgeniuswhosesolitaryworkwouldeventuallyhelpmany.Thisstressontheheroicindividualmaysoonerorlaterconflictwiththenatureofcontemporaryscience,inwhichmajorworkisdonebyteams—scoresorhundredsoreventhousandsofpeople.

5.Thegenius-dubbingbusinessisneveranybetterthanitsselectionprocess.Thenamesthatsurvivetheprocesscanbenomorecompellingthanthenamessubmitted:garbagein,garbageout,croniesandprotegesin,croniesandprotegesout.(Thisyear’slaureateinliterature,GaoXingjian,hasashistranslatorandbenefactoroneofthe18membersoftheSwedishAcademythetinygroupchargedwithchoosingthewinner)Aisc,peopleintheselectionprocesscanbeatoncemanipulativeandpolitical(whichcorrodesfairness),andconvincedoftheirowngoodfaithandrectitude(whichblindsthemtotheirownweaknessesandthoseoftheirculture).SecrecyasstrictasthatwhichcloakstheNobelPrizecanhinderfresh,correctivecriticism.

6.Mr.Feldman’sconclusionsabouttheNobelsaremeasured,moderateandplausible.Thescienceprizesemergewiththebestrecord;literature,althoughithasbecomemoreadventurousandlessparochial,hasbeenmixed;peace,themostovertlypolitical,reflectsconflictsaboutitspurpose;andeconomicsisthemostinsular,questionedbyseveralofitsmostprominentlaureatestoMr.Feldman’sovertscorn.Onbalance,hebelievesthattheprizesare“healthier”thantheywereacenturyago;a“desperatelyneededsymbolofauthorityandcoherenceinanagewhenallstandardsareunderattack”;andastimulusforourcapacitytowonderatgreatness.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingisoneofthereasonstheNobelbecamesofamousandinfluential?

2.Thesecondparagraphmakesthepointthat(

).

3.AllofthefollowingmayexplainwhytheNobelblundersaremadeEXCEPTthat

).

4.AccordingtoMr.Feldman,whichofthefollowingismoreacceptable?

5.Mr.Feldmanwouldmostlikelyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?

問題1選項

A.Itisasymboloffairplay.

B.Ithonorshighintellectualachievement.

C.Itwritesbigchecks.

D.Itattractslotsofcelebrities.

問題2選項

A.Nobelprizesmaynotbeawardedbasedonmerit

B.politickingisthemostimportantfactorintheselectionprocess

C.thereisalackofefficiencyintheselectionprocess

D.it'sbecomingincreasinglydifficultforonetobecomeaNobellaureate

問題3選項

A.theNobelistooflexible

B.theNobelstrictlyfollowstheselectionprinciples

C.theopinionsofthemembersoftheSwedishAcademycanbebiased

D.theselectionprocesslackstransparency

問題4選項

A.Thescienceprizes.

B.Theliteratureprizes.

C.Thepeaceprizes.

D.Theeconomicsprizes.

問題5選項

A.TheNobelismoreimportantthanwerealize.

B.TheNobelshouldbeabolished.

C.TheNobel,thoughnotwithoutitsproblems,isstillnecessary.

D.TheNobelshouldserveasarolemodelforotherprizes.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的Inpart,theamountofmoneytheprizecarries(about$910,000in2000)matters;cashvalueblurseasilyintocachet.(在某種程度上,獎金的金額(2000年約為91萬美元)很重要;現(xiàn)金價值容易模糊成威望)可知諾貝爾的豐厚獎金使它更聲名顯赫,因此選C。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Merithastriumphedoverthemundaneandmediocre.Mr.Feldman'ssecondquestioniswhetherithas.(其功績超過普通人。Feldman先生的下一個問題就是質(zhì)疑其真實性)可知A“諾貝爾獎的頒發(fā)可能不以功績?yōu)橐罁?jù)”符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第四段中的TheNobels…mustworkwithinguidelinesandparameters.(諾貝爾獎……必須在指導(dǎo)方針和參數(shù)范圍內(nèi)工作)可知與B選項“諾貝爾獎嚴格遵循選擇原則”相符;由第五段中的peopleintheselectionprocesscanbeatoncemanipulativeandpolitical(在挑選過程中的人可能同時具有操縱性和政治性)(whichcorrodesfairness它腐蝕了公平),andconvincedoftheirowngoodfaithandrectitude(堅信自己的誠意和正直)(whichblindsthemtotheirownweaknessesandthoseoftheirculture使他們看不到自己的弱點和他們文化的弱點)可知與C選項“瑞典科學(xué)院成員的意見可能是有失偏頗的”相符;由第五段中的SecrecyasstrictasthatwhichcloakstheNobelPrizecanhinderfresh,correctivecriticism.(諾貝爾保密性阻礙了新的、糾正性的批評)可知與D選項“甄選過程缺乏透明度”相符;故可排除B、C、D,因此選A。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章最后一段中的Thescienceprizesemergewiththebestrecord.(科學(xué)獎以最好的成績出現(xiàn))可知Feldman先生對科學(xué)獎的評價最高,因此選A。

5.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的hebelievesthattheprizesare“healthier”thantheywereacenturyago;a“desperatelyneededsymbolofauthorityandcoherenceinanagewhenallstandardsareunderattack”;andastimulusforourcapacitytowonderatgreatness.(他認為這些獎項比一個世紀前更“健康”;是“在所有標準都受到攻擊的時代,迫切需要權(quán)威和一致性的象征”;以及刺激我們對偉大事物驚嘆不如的能力)可知盡管諾貝爾獎有一些問題,但還是有存在的必要,因此選C。

21.單選題

Likeatickingtimebomb,thefailingdollarhasgrabbedtheattentionofJapanandWestGermany,forcingthemtoconsideradoptingeconomicpoliciestheUnitedStatesadvocates.TheU.S.governmentwantsthedollartofallbecauseasthedollardeclinesinvalueagainsttheyenandDeutschmark,U.S.goodsbecomecheaper.U.S.companiesthensellmoreathomeandabroad,andU.S.tradedeficitdeclines.Criesfortradeprotectionabate,andtheglobalfree-tradesystemispreserved.

Then,thecheaperdollarmakesitcheaperformanyforeigninvestorstosnapupU.S.stocks.Thatpromptsheavybuyingfromabroad―especiallyfromJapan.Also,ifthetradepictureisimproving,thatmeansU.S.companieseventuallywillbemorecompetitive.Consequently,manyinvestorsarebuyingsharesofexport-orientedU.S.companiesinanticipationofbetterprofitsinthenextyearorso.Butthatisaratherfashionablenotionrightnow;ifcorporateearningsaredisappointinginthenextfewquarters,thebuyingspreemightdisappear.Andfinally,ifafallingdollarleadstoariseininterestrates,thestockmarketrallycouldstop.

ImprovingU.S.competitivenessmeansadeclineinanother’scompetitiveness.

JapanandWestGermanyarevergingonrecession.Theirexport-orientedeconomiesarefacingmajorproblems.JapanisworriedaboutthedamagethestrongyenwilldotoJapanesetrade.WestGermanyisalsoworried.SharepricesinFrankfurtplummetedthispastweek.Bonnisthoughttobeconsideringacutininterestratestoboostitseconomy.

Couldthefallingdollargetoutofhand?Ifthedollarfallstoofar,investorsmightloseconfidenceinU.S.investments—especiallythegovernmentbondmarket.Themoneytofinancethefederalbudgetandtradedeficitscouldmigrateelsewhere;inflationcouldflareup,too,sinceJapaneseandGermanmanufacturerswilleventuallypassalongpricehikes—andU.S.companiesmightfollowsuittoincreasetheirprofitmargins.TheU.S.FederalReservethenmightneedstepinandstabilizethedollarbyraisinginterestrates.AndhigherinterestratescouldcausetheU.S.economytoslowdownandendtheWallStreetRally.

Worriedaboutthesesideeffects,F(xiàn)ederalReservechairmanPaulVolcherhassaidthedollarhasfallenfarenough.Whatistheequilibriumlevel?Probablynearwhereitisorslightlylower.ItalldependsonwhentheU.S.tradedeficitturnsaroundorifinvestorsdefect.fromU.S.TreasuryBonds.“ItrequiresagooddealofpoliticalpatienceonthepartoftheU.S.Congress,”saysDr.Cline,“Andtheremustbeanexpectationofpatienceonthepartofprivateinvestors.ThechancesarerelativelygoodthatwewillavoidanInvestorbreakorpanic.”

1.Whatisthemainideaofthistext?

2.Whatdoestheword“rally”(Para.2)mean?

3.WhyareJapanandWestGermanyworriedaboutthefallingdollar?

4.Ifdollar-fallinggotoutofhand,andtheU.S.FederalReservemightstepin,whatwouldhappen?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthetext,thatthedevaluationoftheU.S.dollar(

).

問題1選項

A.TheimpressionofthefallingU.S.dollar.

B.TheresultsofthedevaluationofU.S.dollar.

C.ThesideeffectsofdevaluationofU.S.dollar.

D.TheeffectsofidlingU.S.dollaronworldeconomy.

問題2選項

A.Prosperity.

B.Decline.

C.Richness.

D.Impr

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