考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南充科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南充科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

______thatasbothbirdsandmammalsbecomelarger,theirmetabolicratesperunitoftissuedecrease,andtheygenerallylivelonger.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thetruth

B.Itistrue

C.Iftrue

D.Tobetrue

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定句型。句意：的確，隨著鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)和哺乳動(dòng)物的體型變大，它們每單位組織的代謝率會(huì)下降，它們通常會(huì)活得更長(zhǎng)。Itis/was+adj.+that是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，It作形式主語(yǔ)，真正主語(yǔ)是that后面的內(nèi)容，B選項(xiàng)Itistrue符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Plagiarismiswidelyrecognizedasahighcrimeagainsttheprojectofscience,buttheexplanationsforwhyit’sharmfulgenerally（1）itlooklikeadifferentkindofcrimethanfabricationandfalsification.（2），KennethD.Pimpleclaimsthatplagiarismisnotan

（3）

thatunderminestheknowledge-buildingprojectofscience.Rather,thecrimeisindeprivingotherscientistsoftherewardtheyare

（4）

forparticipatinginthisknowledge-buildingproject.

（5）

,Pimplesaysthatplagiarismisproblematicnotbecauseitisdishonest,butratherbecauseitisunfair.

WhileIthinkPimpleisrighttoidentifyanadditionalcomponentofresponsibleconductofscience

（6）

honesty,namely,acertainkindoffairnesstoone’s

（7）

scientists.Ialsothinkthisanalysisofplagiarismmissesanimportant

（8）

inwhichmisrepresentingthesourceofwords,ideas,methods,orresultscan

（9）

theknowledge-buildingprojectofscience.

Onthesurface,plagiarism,while

（10）

nastytothepersonwhosereportisbeingstolen,mightseemnottounderminethescientificcommunity’s

（11）

ofthephenomena.Wearestill,afterall,bringingtogetherand

（12）

anumberofdifferentobservationreportstodeterminethestablefeaturesofourexperienceofthephenomenon.

（13）

thiscomparisonofteninvolvesadialogueaswell.Aspartoftheknowledge-buildingproject,fromtheearliestplanningoftheirexperimentstowellafterresultsarepublished,scientistsare

（14）

inaskingandansweringquestionsaboutthedetailsoftheexperienceandoftheconditions

（15）

whichthephenomenonwasobserved.Misrepresentingsomeoneelse’shonestobservationreportasone’sownstripsthereportofaccurateinformationforsuchadialogue.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.make

B.get

C.have

D.help

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Therefore

B.Sofar

C.However

D.Forexample

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.excuse

B.ideology

C.object

D.offense

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.competing

B.attracted

C.due

D.craving

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Ontheotherhand

B.Inotherwords

C.Byandby

D.Inthemeanwhile

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.besides

B.towards

C.except

D.for

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.fellow

B.rival

C.team

D.peer

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.chance

B.way

C.reason

D.base

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.stimulate

B.construct

C.undermine

D.assess

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.surprisingly

B.accordingly

C.potentially

D.necessarily

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.knowledge

B.discovery

C.creation

D.evaluation

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.presenting

B.comparing

C.submitting

D.producing

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.So

B.While

C.But

D.And

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.devoted

B.scheduled

C.committed

D.engaged

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.under

C.for

D.around

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:C

第10題:C

第11題:D

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:D

第15題:B

【解析】（1）考察動(dòng)詞辨析。make使；get到達(dá)，獲得；have擁有；help幫助。句意：剽竊被廣泛認(rèn)定為是對(duì)科研項(xiàng)目的犯罪，但對(duì)其為何有害的解釋使它看上去不同于偽造和篡改這兩種行為。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

（2）考察邏輯連接詞。Therefore于是（表示結(jié)果）；Sofar到目前為止（表示時(shí)間）；However然而（表示轉(zhuǎn)折）；Forexample例如，比如（舉例說(shuō)明）。句意：例如，KennethD.Pimple聲稱(chēng)…選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

（3）考察名詞辨析。excuse借口；ideology思想意識(shí)；object物體，目標(biāo)；offense冒犯行為。句意：KennethD.Pimple聲稱(chēng)剽竊不是破壞科學(xué)知識(shí)建構(gòu)的一種冒犯行為。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

（4）考察形容詞辨析。competing競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的，抵觸的；attracted被吸引的；due應(yīng)得的，預(yù)期的；craving渴望的。句意：剽竊這種行為剝奪了其他科學(xué)家從事知識(shí)構(gòu)建應(yīng)得的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

（5）考察邏輯連接詞。Ontheotherhand另一方面；Inotherwords換一句話(huà)說(shuō)；Byandby遲早；Inthemeanwhile與此同時(shí)。句意：換句話(huà)說(shuō)，Pimple以為剽竊的問(wèn)題不在于該行為不誠(chéng)實(shí)，而是不公平。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

（6）考察介詞辨析。besides除……之外還有；towards朝向……；except除了……以外（不包括后面所提到的內(nèi)容或事物）；for為了。句意：除了誠(chéng)實(shí)這一組成要素外，我認(rèn)為Pimple指出了負(fù)責(zé)任的科研行為的其他額外組成部分。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

（7）考察名詞辨析。fellow同伴；rival對(duì)手；team團(tuán)隊(duì)；peer同齡人。句意：負(fù)責(zé)任的科研行為的另一方面就是對(duì)科研同伴的公平。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

（8）考察名詞辨析。chance機(jī)會(huì);way方式，方法；reason原因；base基礎(chǔ)。句意：我還認(rèn)為Pimple對(duì)剽竊的分析遺漏了很重要的一個(gè)方面。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

（9）考察動(dòng)詞辨析。stimulate激發(fā)；construct建造；undermine損害；assess評(píng)估。句意：對(duì)某些詞語(yǔ)、觀(guān)點(diǎn)、方法和結(jié)果的歪曲會(huì)損害科學(xué)知識(shí)的建構(gòu)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

（10）考察副詞辨析。surprisingly令人驚奇地；accordingly相應(yīng)地；potentially可能地，潛在地；necessarily有必要地。句意：對(duì)那些被剽竊者來(lái)說(shuō)，剽竊行為可能會(huì)令其厭煩。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

（11）考察名詞辨析。knowledge知識(shí)；discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)；creation創(chuàng)造；evaluation評(píng)價(jià)。句意：但從表面看，剽竊行為似乎并沒(méi)有傷害到整個(gè)科研群體對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象的評(píng)價(jià)。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

（12）考察動(dòng)名詞辨析。presenting展示，顯示；comparing比較；submitting提交；producing生成。句意：我們?nèi)匀粫?huì)把幾個(gè)不同的觀(guān)察報(bào)告放到一起比較來(lái)判斷我們所觀(guān)察到的一些現(xiàn)象的穩(wěn)定特征。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

（13）考察邏輯連接詞。so因此；while然而；but但是；and并且。句意：……但是這種比較也涉及（研究者之間的）對(duì)話(huà)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

（14）考察動(dòng)詞辨析。devoted“致力于”，常用于bedevotedtodoing結(jié)構(gòu)；scheduled安排，計(jì)劃；committed承諾；engaged從事。句意：從最初的實(shí)驗(yàn)計(jì)劃到后來(lái)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的頒布，科學(xué)家們一直都在針對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)的細(xì)節(jié)和觀(guān)察到現(xiàn)象時(shí)的條件狀況進(jìn)行問(wèn)答。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

（15）考察介詞辨析。with和…；under在…之下；for為了…；around在…周?chē)?。under…conditions為固定搭配；句意：……觀(guān)察到某種現(xiàn)象時(shí)的條件狀況。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

3.單選題

Icouldseethatmywifewasthathavingthatfurcoat,whetherIapproveofitornot.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adequate

B.intenton

C.shortof

D.deficientof

【答案】B

【解析】搭配題。A選項(xiàng)adequatefor勝任……的，合適……的；B選項(xiàng)intenton專(zhuān)心致志于，決心要實(shí)現(xiàn)；C選項(xiàng)shortof缺乏，不足，除……以外；D選項(xiàng)deficientof缺乏，不足。根據(jù)句意可知，無(wú)論我是否同意，我妻子都抱定決心要買(mǎi)那件毛皮大衣。因此，B項(xiàng)符合句意。

4.單選題

Mostyoungpeopleenjoysomeformofphysicalactivity.Itmaybewalking,cyclingorswimming,orinwinter,skatingorskiing.Itmaybegameofsomekindfootball,hockey,golf,ortennis.Itmaybemountaineering.

Thosewhohaveapassionforclimbinghighanddifficultmountainsareoftenlookeduponwithastonishment.Whyaremenandwomenwillingtosuffercoldandhardship,andtotakerisksonhighmountains?Thisastonishmentiscausedprobablybythedifferencebetweenmountaineeringandotherformsofactivitytowhichmengivetheirleisure.

Mountaineeringisasportandnotagame.Therearenoman-maderules,asthereareforsuchgamesasgolfandfootball.Thereare,ofcourse,rulesofadifferentkindwhichitwouldbedangeroustoignore,butitisthisfreedomfromman-maderulesthatmakesmountaineeringattractivetomanypeople.Thosewhoclimbmountainsarefreetousetheirownmethods.

Ifwecomparemountaineeringandothermorefamiliarsports,wemightthinkthatonebigdifferenceisthatmountaineeringisnota“teamgame”.Weshouldbemistakeninthis.Thereare,itistrue,no“matches”between“teams”ofclimbers,butwhenclimbersareonarockfacelinkedbyaropeonwhichtheirlivesmaydepend,thereisobviouslyteamwork.

Themountainclimberknowsthathemayhavetofightforcesthatarestrongerandmorepowerfulthanman.Hehastofighttheforcesofnature.Hissportrequireshighmentalandphysicalqualities.

Amountainclimbercontinuestoimproveinskillyearafteryear.Askierisprobablypasthisbestbytheageofthirty,andmostinternationaltennischampionsareintheirearlytwenties.ButitisnotunusualformanoffiftyorsixtytoclimbthehighestmountainsinAlps.Theymaytakemoretimethanyoungermen,buttheyprobablyclimbwithmoreskillandlesswasteofeffort,andtheircertainlyexperienceequalenjoyment.

1.Mountaineeringinvolves（）.

2.Thedifferencebetweenasportandagamehastodowiththekindof（）.

3.Mountaineeringcanbecalledateamsportbecause（）.

4.Mountaineerscompeteagainst（）.

5.Choosethebesttitleforthepassage（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cold

B.hardship

C.physicalrisk

D.alloftheabove

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.activity

B.rules

C.uniform

D.participants

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.itisanOlympicevent

B.teamscompeteagainsteachother

C.mountaineersdependonotherwhileclimbing

D.thereare5climbersoneachteam

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.nature

B.eachother

C.otherteams

D.internationalstandards

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.mountaineeringisdifferentfromgolfandfootball

B.mountaineeringismoreattractivethanothersports

C.mountaineering

D.mountainclimbers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第二段的一、二句“Thosewhohaveapassionforclimbinghighanddifficultmountainsareoftenlookeduponwithastonishment.Whyaremenandwomenwillingtosuffercoldandhardship,andtotakerisksonhighmountains?人們常常以驚奇的眼光看待那些熱衷于攀登高山峻嶺的人。因?yàn)樗麄儫o(wú)法理解為什么那些人愿意忍受寒冷和艱難，并且冒險(xiǎn)爬上高山?”由此可知，選項(xiàng)A，B，C均是登山會(huì)遇到的事情，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的一、二句“Mountaineeringisasportandnotagame.Therearenoman-maderules,asthereareforsuchgamesasgolfandfootball.登山是一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，而不是游戲。不像高爾夫球和足球那樣有人為的規(guī)則?！庇纱丝芍?，運(yùn)動(dòng)和游戲直接的區(qū)別就在于規(guī)則，選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第四段的最后一句“Thereare,itistrue,no‘matches’between‘teams’ofclimbers,butwhenclimbersareonarockfacelinkedbyaropeonwhichtheirlivesmaydepend,thereisobviouslyteamwork.的確，登山隊(duì)之間沒(méi)有‘比賽’，但當(dāng)?shù)巧疥?duì)站在巖石表面，被一根可能關(guān)乎他們生命的繩子連在一起時(shí)，這顯然是團(tuán)隊(duì)合作。”由此可知，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

4.語(yǔ)義推斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二句“Hehastofighttheforcesofnature.他必須對(duì)抗自然的力量?！彼赃x項(xiàng)A正確。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是圍繞著登山展開(kāi)，選項(xiàng)A、B、D都過(guò)于片面，所以選項(xiàng)C最恰當(dāng)。

5.單選題

Thegrowthstrategyisacorporate-levelstrategythatseekstoincreasetheleveloftheorganization’soperations.Thisincludesincreasingsuchpopularquantitativemeasuresassalesrevenues,numberofemployees,andmarketshare.Growthcanbeachievedthroughdirectexpansion,verticalintegration,horizontalintegration,ordiversification.

Growththroughdirectexpansionisachievedbyinternallyincreasingafirm’ssales,productioncapacity,orworkforce.Nootherfirmsareacquiredormergedwith;instead,thecompanychoosestogrowbyitselfthroughitsownbusinessoperations.Forinstance,McDonald’shaspursuedagrowthstrategybywayofdirectexpansion.Thecompanyhasgrownbyawardingfranchises(經(jīng)營(yíng)許可)topeoplewhoarewillingtobetrainedintheMcDonald’swayandbyopeningcompany-ownedoutlets.

Acompanymightalsochoosetogrowbyverticalintegration,whichisanattempttogaincontrolofinput(backwardverticalintegration),output(forwardverticalintegration)orboth.Inbackwardverticalintegration,theorganizationattemptstoagaincontrolofitsinputsbybecomingitsownsupplier.Forinstance,UnitedAirlineshadcreateditsownin-flightfoodservicebusiness.Inforwardverticalintegration,theorganizationgainscontrolofitsoutputs(productsorservices)bybecomingitsowndistributor.Forexample,GatewayComputer’sretailstoresareanexampleoranorganizationcontrollingitsdistribution.

Inhorizontalintegration,acompanygrowsbycombiningwithotherorganizationsinthesameindustry—thatis,combiningoperationswithcompetitors.Forinstance,H,J,Heinz,Inc.,thefood-processingcompany,combinedoperationswithanorganicbabyfoodcompany,Earth’sBest,tohelpitsownHeinzbabyfoodsdivisionbecomemorecompetitive.Becausecombiningwithcompetitorsmightdecreasetheamountofcompetitioninanindustry,theU.S.FederalTradeCommissionassessestheimpactofsuchproposedgrowthactionandmustapproveanyproposedhorizontalintegrationstrategy.Othercountrieshavesimilarrestrictions.

Finally,anorganizationcangrowthroughdiversification,eitherrelatedorunrelated.Relateddiversificationiswhenacompanygrowsbymergingwithoracquiringfirmsindifferentbutrelatedindustries.Forexample,AmericanStandardCos.isinavarietyofbusinessesincludingbathroomfixtures,air-conditioningandheatingunits,plumbingparts,andbrakesfortrucks.Unrelateddiversificationiswhenacompanygrowsbymergingwithoracquiringfirmsindifferentandunrelatedindustries.Forexample,LancasterColonyCorporationmakessaladdressing,carmatsandcandles.Theseindustriesaredifferentandunrelated.

1.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?

2.Whatis“directexpansion”？

3.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueof“verticalintegration”?

4.Ifacompanyadoptsthemethodof“horizontalintegration”,itattemptsto（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingphrasesisclosestinmeaningtotheword“diversification”？

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.HowMcDonald’shasbecomesuccessful.

B.Howcompanieshavebecomesuccessful.

C.Howcompaniescandeveloptheirbusinesses.

D.Howcompaniescompetewitheachother.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Acompanydevelopsitsownbusinessintoabiggerscale.

B.Acompanyacquiresanothercompany.

C.Acompanymergeswithanothercompany.

D.Acompanygrowswithoutincreasingitsworkforce.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Acompanyattemptstosupplyitsowninputs.

B.Acompanyattemptstosellitsownproducts.

C.Acompanyattemptstoprovideservice.

D.Acompanyattemptstoenteranotherindustry.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.acquireaverydifferentcompany

B.acquireasimilarcompany

C.acquireasalescompany

D.acquireadistributioncompany

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.mergingwithoracquiringfirms

B.eitherrelatedorunrelated

C.avarietyofbusinesses

D.acompanygrows

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Thegrowthstrategyisacorporate-levelstrategythatseekstoincreasetheleveloftheorganization’soperations…Growthcanbeachievedthroughdirectexpansion,verticalintegration,horizontalintegration,ordiversification.”，可知本篇文章主要討論的問(wèn)題是公司的增長(zhǎng)策略，增長(zhǎng)可以通過(guò)直接擴(kuò)張、縱向一體化、橫向一體化或多樣化來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。下文直接對(duì)公司的增長(zhǎng)策略進(jìn)行了展開(kāi)說(shuō)明和解釋?？膳袛喑霰酒恼轮饕顷P(guān)于公司怎么發(fā)展他們的業(yè)務(wù)，得到增長(zhǎng)的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Growththroughdirectexpansionisachievedbyinternallyincreasingafirm’ssales,productioncapacity,orworkforce.”，可知通過(guò)直接擴(kuò)張實(shí)現(xiàn)的增長(zhǎng)是通過(guò)內(nèi)部增加公司的銷(xiāo)售、生產(chǎn)能力或勞動(dòng)力來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的?？膳袛喑鰀irectexpansion意思是一個(gè)公司把自己的業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展到更大的規(guī)模。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“theorganizationattemptstoagaincontrolofitsinputsbybecomingitsownsupplier.”，可知公司在垂直整合中試圖通過(guò)成為自己的供應(yīng)商來(lái)再次控制其投入。選項(xiàng)A正確，可排除。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Inforwardverticalintegration,theorganizationgainscontrolofitsoutputs(productsorservices)bybecomingitsowndistributor.”，可知在垂直整合中，公司通過(guò)成為自己的分銷(xiāo)商來(lái)獲得對(duì)其輸出（產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)）的控制?？膳袛喑龉驹诖怪闭现屑饶軌蛟噲D自己銷(xiāo)售產(chǎn)品，也能自己提供服務(wù)。選項(xiàng)B和C正確，可排除。綜上所述，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Inhorizontalintegration,acompanygrowsbycombiningwithotherorganizationsinthesameindustry—thatis,combiningoperationswithcompetitors.”，可知在橫向整合中，公司通過(guò)與同行業(yè)的其他組織（即與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的業(yè)務(wù)組合）相互合并來(lái)增長(zhǎng)?？膳袛喑鋈绻粋€(gè)公司采用了“橫向整合”的方法，它會(huì)嘗試收購(gòu)一家同行業(yè)的類(lèi)似的公司。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Relateddiversificationiswhenacompanygrowsbymergingwithoracquiringfirmsindifferentbutrelatedindustries….Unrelateddiversificationiswhenacompanygrowsbymergingwithoracquiringfirmsindifferentandunrelatedindustries.”，可知相關(guān)多元化是指一個(gè)公司通過(guò)與其他相關(guān)行業(yè)的公司合并或收購(gòu)，來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)增長(zhǎng)。不相關(guān)多元化是指一個(gè)公司通過(guò)與其他不同的不相關(guān)行業(yè)的公司合并或收購(gòu)，來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)增長(zhǎng)?？膳袛喑鰀iversification多元化的意思最接近于拓展更多的行業(yè)，開(kāi)展更多不同的業(yè)務(wù)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.單選題

The（

）viewinBritainandotherWesterncountriesassociatesagingwithdecline,dependency,isolation,andoftenpoverty.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.predominant

B.credulous

C.inclusive

D.sustainable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)predominant“主要的，占主導(dǎo)地位的”；B選項(xiàng)credulous“輕信的，易受騙的”；C選項(xiàng)inclusive“包括的，包羅廣泛的”；D選項(xiàng)sustainable“可持續(xù)的”。此處表示英國(guó)和其他西方國(guó)家的主要觀(guān)點(diǎn)，故選A。句意：英國(guó)和其他西方國(guó)家的主流觀(guān)點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，老齡化通常與衰落、依賴(lài)、孤立以及貧窮有關(guān)。

7.單選題

Whichissafer—stayinghome,travelingtoworkonpublictransport,orworkingintheoffice?Surprisingly,eachofthesecarriesthesamerisk,whichisverylow.However,whataboutflyingcomparedtoworkinginthechemicalindustry?Unfortunately，thefor-meris65timesriskierthanthelatter!Infact,theaccidentrateofworkersinthechemicalindustryislessthanthatofalmostanyofhumanactivity,andalmostassafeasstayingathome.

Thetroublewiththechemicalindustryisthatwhenthingsgowrongtheyoftencausedeathtothoselivingnearby.Itisthiswhichmakeschemicalaccidentssonewsworthy.For-tunately,theyareextremelyrare.ThemostfamousoneshappenedatTexasCity(1947)，F(xiàn)lixborough(1974)，Seveso(1976)，Pemex(1984)andBhopal(1984).

Someofthesearealwaysinthemindsofthepeopleeventhoughthelossoflifewassmall.NoonediedatSeveso,andonly28workersatFlixborough.TheworstaccidentofallwasBhopal,whereupto3,000werekilled.TheTexasCityexplosionoffertilizerkilled552.ThePemexfireatastorageplantfornaturalgasinthesuburbsofMexicoCitytook542lives，justamonthbeforetheunfortunateeventatBhopal.

Someexpertshavediscussedtheseaccidentsandusedeachaccidenttoillustrateapar-ticulardanger.ThustheTexasCityexplosionwascausedbytonsofammoniumnitrate(硝酸銨)，whichissafeunlessstoredingreatquantity.TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialre-pairs.TheSevesoaccidentshowswhathappensifthelocalauthoritieslackknowledgeofthedangerontheirdoorstep.Whenthepoisonousgasdriftedoverthetown,localleaderswereincapableoftakingeffectiveaction.ThePemexfirewasmadeworsebyanoverloadedsiteinanovercrowdedsuburb.Thefiresetoffachainreactionofexplodingstoragetanks.Yet,byamiracle,thetwolargesttanksdidnotexplode.Hadtheycaughtfire,then3,000strongrescueteamandfirefighterswouldallhavedied.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

2.Chemicalaccidentsareusuallyimportantenoughtobereportedasnewsbecause

3.Accordingtothepassage，thechemicalaccidentthatcausedbythefaultofmanage-menthappenedat（）

4.Fromthepassageweknowthatammoniumnitrateisakindof（）.

5.Fromthediscussionamongsomeexperts，wemayconcludethat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Workingattheofficeissaferthanstayingathome.

B.Travellingtoworkonpublictransportissaferthanworkingattheoffice.

C.Stayingathomeissaferthanworkinginthechemicalindustry.

D.Workinginthechemicalindustryissaferthantravelingbyair.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyareveryrare

B.theyoftencauselossoflife

C.theyalwaysoccurinbigcities

D.theyarousetheinterestofallthereaders

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Texascity

B.Flixborough

C.Seveso

D.MexicoCity

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.naturalgas，whichcaneasilycatchfire

B.fertilizer,whichcan’tbestoredinagreatquantity

C.poisonoussubstance,whichcan’tbeusedinovercrowdedareas

D.fuel,whichisstoredinlargetanks

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.toavoidanyaccidentsweshouldnotrepairthefacilitiesinchemicalindustry

B.thelocalauthoritiesshouldnotbeconcernedwiththeproductionofthechemicalindustry

C.alltheseaccidentscouldhavebeenavoidedorcontrolledifeffectivemeasureshadbeentaken

D.naturalgasstoredinverylargetanksisalwayssafe

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.文章第一段指出：However,whataboutflyingcomparedtoworkinginthechemical

industry?Unfortunately,theformeris65timesriskierthanthelatter!（飛行的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)對(duì)比化工廠(chǎng)工作怎么樣？不幸的是，前者風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是后者的65倍）。由此推斷D選項(xiàng)“化工廠(chǎng)工作比飛行更安全”為正確答案。

2.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Chemicalaccidents”定位到文中第二段的“Thetroublewiththechemicalindustryisthatwhenthingsgowrongtheyoftencausedeathtothoselivingnearby.Itisthiswhichmakeschemicalaccidentssonewsworthy.”可知，化工事故經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致死亡，這是這類(lèi)事故特別具有報(bào)道價(jià)值的原因。據(jù)此可知，B項(xiàng)正確。

3.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“faultofmanagement”定位至第四段：TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement（Flixborough的火球是因錯(cuò)誤的管理造成的）。據(jù)此可知，B項(xiàng)為正確答案。

4.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“ammoniumnitrate”定位至第四段：ThustheTexasCityexplosionwascausedbytonsofammoniumnitrate（硝酸銨），whichissafeunlessstoredingreatquantity（得克薩斯城的爆炸是由數(shù)噸硝酸銨引起的，這種化學(xué)物質(zhì)大量存儲(chǔ)就會(huì)發(fā)生危險(xiǎn)）。因此，B項(xiàng)正確。

5.第四段的表明：safeunlessstoredingreatquantity,thefaultofmanagement,lackknowledgeofthedanger和localleaderswereincapableoftakingeffectiveaction（大量存儲(chǔ)的危險(xiǎn)、錯(cuò)誤的管理、危險(xiǎn)知識(shí)的缺乏、當(dāng)?shù)仡I(lǐng)導(dǎo)者沒(méi)有采取有效行動(dòng)）都是造成化工廠(chǎng)事故的原因。由此推測(cè)，從專(zhuān)家的討論得出的結(jié)論是，如果采取有效的措施，所有這些事故都是可以避免或控制的，C項(xiàng)為正確答案。

8.單選題

His____withcomputersbegansixmonthsagoandhasspentmostofhissparetimeoncybergameseversince.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.imagination

B.invocation

C.observation

D.obsession

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.imagination想象B.invocation祈求

C.observation觀(guān)察D.obsession癡迷

【考查點(diǎn)】語(yǔ)義銜接

【解題思路】空格處所在部分語(yǔ)義為“他對(duì)電腦的____”，原句后半段提到“他的大部分業(yè)余時(shí)間都花在了網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲上”，由此可知，他沉迷于玩電腦游戲，因此，D選項(xiàng)obsession“癡迷”符合原句語(yǔ)義銜接。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均不符合原句語(yǔ)義銜接。

【句意】他對(duì)電腦的癡迷是6個(gè)月前開(kāi)始的，從那以后，他大部分業(yè)余時(shí)間都花在了網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲上。

9.案例題

Yoga,theancientpracticeofpostures,breathingandmeditation,isgainingalotofattentionfromthematerialworldthatitsseriouspractitionersaretryingtoescape.

Yogapractitionersaretryingtokeepthemselvesawayfromthematerialworld.

Andnowonder.Americanswhopracticeyogaareoftenwell-educated,havehigher-than-averagehouseholdincomeandarewillingtospendabitmoreonso-called"green"purchasesseenasbenefitingtheenvironmentorsociety.

"It'skindofgrowingoutofthecrunchystageofyogatotheStarbucksstage,"saidBillHarper,publisherofYogaJournal."Fromthevideosandtheclothesandthetoesocks...peoplearepursuingthismarketwithavengeance."

Aglancethroughrecentissuesofhismonthlymagazine,whosereadershiphasdoubledinthepastfouryearsto325,000,illustratesthepoint.Therearefour-coloradsfromthelikesofAsicsathleticshoes,EileenfisherapparelandFordMotorCo.YogaJournalisnowlicensingaRussianeditionandpreparingtoexpandinotherinternationalmarkets.

Americansspendsome$2.95billionayearonyogaclasses,equipment,clothing,holidays,videosandmore,accordingtoastudycommissionedbythemagazine,fuelledinpartbyageingbabyboomersseekinglessaggressivewaystostayfit.

Roughly16.5millionpeoplewerepractisingyogaintheUnitedStatesearlylastyear,instudios,gymsorathome,up43percentfrom2002,thestudyfound.

EstablishedsellersofyogagearsuchasHuggerMuggerandGaiamhavebeenfloodedwithcompetitioninthemarketforyogamats,incense,clothingandfancyaccoutrementsrangingfromdesigneryogabagstoeyepillows.

Vancouver,BritishColumbia-basedLululemonAthletica,forone,hasseensalesofitsyogaapparelriseto$100millionsinceCanadianentrepreneurChipWilsonfoundedthecompanyin1998.Customersaresnappingupitstrendypantsandtopstoweartoclassand,increasingly,tothesupermarketorouttodinner.

Anotherexpandingbusiness,Exhale,marketsitselfasa"mindbodyspa'',withtonylocationsinLosAngeles,NewYorkandotherurbanareasthatcombineyogaclasseswithfacials,massageandalternativetreatmentssuchasacupuncture.

Somequestionhowalltheconsumptionischangingadisciplinewithastrongspiritualfoundation.

"We'vetakenthisancienttradition,science,andartofyogaoutofacultureandareligionandworldviewandwe'vetriedtotransplanttotheothersideoftheplanet,"saidJudithHansonLasater,alongtimeyogainstructorandauthorwhoholdsadoctorateinEast-Westpsychology."Ibelievethere'snotacompletematch-up."

Evenso,severalentrepreneursstressedthattheyareabletoadheretoyoga'shealingprincipleswhilealsoturningaprofit.

1.Usethreewordstodescribethepracticeofyoga.（）

2.Thelargeconsumptionofyogarelatedproductsshowsthatyogahasdevelopedinto（）.

3.Whydobabyboomersgoforyogapractice?

4.GiveanexampletoshowthattheyogaclothingofLululemonAthleticaisinfashion.

（）

5.HowdoesExhalepromoteitsyogaClasses?【答案】1.Postures,breathingandmeditation.

2.Abigmarket.

3.Becausetheywanttoseeklessaggressivewaystostayfit.

4.Customersaresnappingupitstrendypantsandtopstoweartoclassand,increasingly,tothesupermarketorouttodinner.

5.Exhalemarketsitselfasa“mindbodyspa",withtonylocationsinLosAngeles,NewYorkandotherurbanareasthatcombineyogaclasseswithfacials,massageandalternativetreatmentssuchasacupuncture.

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第一句“Yoga,theancientpracticeofpostures,breathingandmeditation,...”瑜伽,一種古老的體式、呼吸和冥想的練習(xí)。

2.根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容可知,瑜伽相關(guān)用品的大量消費(fèi)表明瑜伽發(fā)展成為了一個(gè)巨大的市場(chǎng)。

3.根據(jù)第六段的最后一句“...fuelledinpartbyageingbabyboomersseekinglessaggressivewaystostayfit.”因?yàn)樗麄儗で蟛荒敲醇みM(jìn)的健身方式。

4.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“LululemonAthletica”定位到倒數(shù)第五段,根據(jù)最后一句話(huà)可找到答案。

5.根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第四段可找到答案。

10.單選題

Auctionsarepublicsalesofgoods,conductedbyanofficiallyapprovedauctioneer.Heorsheaskstheassembledcrowdintheauction-roomtomakeoffers,or“bids”，forthevariousitemsonsale.Heencouragesbuyerstobidhigherfigures,andfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods.Thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoods.Forthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronatableatwhichhestands.Thisisoftensetonaraisedplatformcalledarostrum.

TheancientRomansprobablyinventedsalesbyauction,andtheEnglishwordcomesfromtheLatinauction,meaning“increase”.TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar;thesesaleswerecalled“subbasra,”meaning“underthespear”，aspearbeingstuckinthegroundasasignalforacrowdtogather.Intheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesgoodswereoftensold“bythecandle”，ashortcandlewaslitbytheauctioneer;andbidscouldbemadewhileitstayedalight.

Anauctionisusuallyadvertisedbeforehandwithfullparticularsofthearticlestobesoldandwhereandwhentheycanbeviewedbypossiblebuyers.Iftheadvertisementcannotgivefulldetails,cataloguesareprinted,andeachgroupofgoodstobesoldtogether,calleda“l(fā)ot”isusuallygivenanumber.TheauctioneerneednotbeginwithLot1andcontinueinnumericalorder.Hemaywaituntilheregistersthefactthatcertaindealersareintheroomandthenproducethelotstheyarelikelytobeinterestedin.Theauctioneer'sservicesarepaidforintheformofapercentageofthepricethegoodsaresoldfor.Theauctioneerthereforehasadirectinterestinpushingupthebiddingashighaspossible.

Practicallyallgoodswhosequalitiesvaryaresoldbyauction.Amongthesearecoffee,hides,skins,wool,tea,cocoa,furs,spices,fruitandvegetablesandwines.Auctionsalesarealsousualforlandandproperty,antique,furniture,pictures,rarebooks,oldchinaandsimilarworksofart.TheauctionroomsatChristie’sandSotheby’sinLondonandNewYorkareworldfamous.

1.Auctionedgoodsaresold（

）.

2.Theendofthebiddingiscalled“knockingdown”because

（

）.

3.TheRomansusedtosell

（

）

byauction.

4.Acandleusedtobumatauctionsales

（

）.

5.Theauctioneermaydecidetoselltheoutoforderbecause（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.forthehighestpriceoffered

B.onlyatfixedprices

C.atapricelessthantheirtruevalue

D.verycheaply

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theauctioneerknocksthebuyerdow

B.theauctioneerknockstherostrumdown

C.thegoodsareknockeddownontothetable

D.theauctioneerbangsthetablewithahammer

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.spoilgoods

B.propertytakenfromtheenemy

C.oldworn-outweapons

D.spears

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.becausetheytookplaceatnight

B.asasignalforthecrowdtogether

C.tolimitthetimewhenofferscouldbemade

D.tokeeptheauctioneerwarm

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.hesometimeswantstoconfusethebuyers.

B.heknowfromexperiencethatcertainpeoplewillwanttobuycertainitems.

C.hewantstokeepcertainpeoplewaiting.

D.hewantstoreducethenumber.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段:Heencouragesbuyerstobidhigherfigures,andfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods(他鼓勵(lì)買(mǎi)者給出更高的價(jià)錢(qián)，最后選定出價(jià)最高的這位買(mǎi)。由此可知拍賣(mài)品以最高價(jià)賣(mài)出。故選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“knockingdown”定位至第一段:Thisiscalled“knockingdown”the