考研考博-英語-南開大學(xué)濱海學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南開大學(xué)濱海學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

Yogashouldbedonewithanopen,gentle,andnomcriticalmind:whenonestretchesintoayogaposition,itcanbethoughtofasacceptingandworkingonone’slimits.

【答案】瑜伽應(yīng)該以一種開放、溫和、不挑剔的心態(tài)來完成：當(dāng)一個人伸展成瑜伽姿勢時，可以被認為是接受并努力達到自己的極限。

2.問答題

Ashumankindmovesintothethird(A)millennium,itcan(B)rightfullyclaimtohavebrokennewgroundin(C)theirage-old(D)questtomastertheenvironment.

【答案】C;“their”改為“its”。

【解析】考查代詞。句意：隨著人類進入第三個千年，人類可以正當(dāng)?shù)芈暦Q其在自古以來對環(huán)境的掌控中開辟了新的道路。It代指上文的“humankind”表示人類，為單數(shù)形式，所以下文也應(yīng)該用相應(yīng)的單數(shù)形式“its”。故將C項的“their”改為“its”。

3.單選題

Certainlynocreatureintheseaisodderthanthecommonseacucumber.Alllivingcreatures,especiallyhumanbeings,havetheirpeculiarities,buteverythingaboutthelittleseacucumberseemsunusual.Whatelsecanbesaidaboutabizarreanimalthat,amongothereccentricities,eatsmud,feedsalmostcontinuouslydayandnightbutcanlivewithouteatingforlongperiods,andcanbepoisonousbutisconsideredsupremelyediblebygourmets?

Forsomefiftymillionyears,despiteallitseccentricities,theseacucumberhassubsistedonitsdietofmud.Itisadaptableenoughtoliveattachedtorocksbyitstubefeet(棘皮動物的管足)，underrocksinshallowwater,oronthesurfaceofmudflats.CommonincoolwateronbothAtlanticandPacificshores,ithastheabilitytosuckupmudorsandanddigestwhatevernutrientsarepresent.

Seacucumberscomeinavarietyofcolors,rangingfromblacktoreddish-browntosand-colorandearlywhite.Oneformevenhasvividpurpletentacles.Usuallythecreaturesarecucumber-shaped—hencetheirname—andbecausetheyaretypicallyrockinhabitants,thisshape,combinedwithflexibility,enablesthemtosqueezeintocreviceswheretheyaresafefrompredatorsandoceancurrents.

Althoughtheyhavevoraciousappetites,eatingdayandnight,seacucumbershavethecapacitytobecomemotionlessandliveatalowmetabolicrate—feedingsparinglyornotatallforlongperiods,sothatthemarineorganismsthatprovidetheirfoodhaveachancetomultiply.Ifitwerenotforthisfaculty,theywoulddevourallthefoodavailableinshorttimeandwouldprobablystarvethemselvesoutofexistence.

Butthemostspectacularthingabouttheseacucumberisthewayitdefendsitself.Itsmajorenemiesarefishandcrabs.Whenattacked,itsquirtsallitsinternalorgansintothewater.Italsocastsoffattachedstructuressuchastentacles.Theseacucumberwilleviscerateandregenerateitselfwhenitisattackedoreventouched;itwilldothesameifthesurroundingwatertemperatureistoohighorifthewaterbecomestoopolluted.

1.Thepassagemainlydiscusses（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theshapeofseacucumbersisimportantbecause（）.

3.Thefourthparagraphofthepassagemainlydiscuses（）.

4.Ofallthefeaturesoftheseacucumber,whichofthefollowingseemstofascinatetheauthormost?

5.Comparedwithotherseacreaturestheseacucumberisvery（）.

問題1選項

A.thereasonfortheseacucumber’sname

B.whatmakestheseacucumberunusual

C.howtoidentifytheseacucumber

D.placeswheretheseacucumbercanbe

問題2選項

A.itshelpsthemtodigesttheirfood

B.ithelpsthemtoprotectthemselvesfromdanger

C.itmakesiteasierforthemtomovethroughthemud

D.itmakesthemattractivetofish

問題3選項

A.thereproductionofseacucumbers

B.thefoodsourcesofseacucumbers

C.theeatinghabitsofseacucumbers

D.threatstoseacucumbers’existence

問題4選項

A.Whatitdoeswhenthreatened

B.Whereitlives

C.Howithidesfrompredators

D.Whatiteats

問題5選項

A.dangerous

B.intelligent

C.fat

D.strange

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段第一句說到Certainlynocreatureintheseaisodderthanthecommonseacucumber.（海洋里沒有比普通海參更奇怪的生物。），而文章的其余部分都是圍繞這句話展開，介紹了海參的種種奇特之處。所以B選項“什么讓海參與眾不同”符合文章的中心主旨。A選項“海參得名的原因”，C選項“如何識別海參”和D選項“海參可能在的地方”文中均沒有提及，所以A，C，D不正確。

2.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“shape”可以定位到文章第三段最后一句thisshape,combinedwithflexibility,enablesthemtosqueezeintocreviceswheretheyaresafefrompredatorsandoceancurrents（這種形狀，再加上柔韌性，使它們能夠擠進裂縫中，在那里它們可以免受捕食者和洋流的傷害。），說明海參的形狀能使它們躲避捕食者和洋流的傷害，所以B選項“幫助它們保護自己免受危險”正確。A選項“幫助它們消化食物”，C選項“使它們更容易在泥中移動”和D選項“使它們對魚有吸引力”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，C，D錯誤。

3.主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到第四段，第四段第一句說到Althoughtheyhavevoraciousappetites,eatingdayandnight,seacucumbershavethecapacitytobecomemotionlessandliveatalowmetabolicrate—feedingsparinglyornotatallforlongperiods（雖然海參食欲旺盛，晝夜不停地進食，但它們有能力靜止不動，以低代謝率的方式生活——很少進食或長期不進食。），可以得知第四段說的是海參的進食習(xí)慣，所以C選項“海參的進食習(xí)慣”符合第四段的中心主旨。A選項“海參的繁殖”，B選項“海參的食物來源”和D選項“對海參生存的威脅”在第四段中均沒有提及，所以A，B，D錯誤。

4.觀點態(tài)度題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“fascinatetheauthormost”可以定位到文章最后一段第一句Butthemostspectacularthingabouttheseacucumberisthewayitdefendsitself.（但海參最引人注目的是它的自衛(wèi)方式。），說明作者認為海參最吸引人的地方在于它遇到威脅時的自衛(wèi)方式，所以A選項“它受到威脅時的做法”正確。B選項“它住在哪里”，C選項“它是如何躲避捕食者的”和D選項“它吃什么”雖然文章中有介紹，但都不是吸引作者的地方，所以B，C，D錯誤。

5.客觀細節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“seacreatures”可以定位到第一段第一句Certainlynocreatureintheseaisodderthanthecommonseacucumber.（海洋里沒有比普通海參更奇怪的生物。），說明比起其他海洋生物，海參非常奇怪，所以D選項“奇怪”正確。A選項“危險”，B選項“聰明”和C選項“肥胖”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，B，C錯誤。

4.單選題

Evenwhentextbooksare______throughaschoolsystem,methodsofteachingmayvarygreatly.

問題1選項

A.commonplace

B.standardized

C.competitive

D.generalized

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項commonplace“平凡的，普通的”；B選項standardized“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的”；C選項competitive“競爭的，比賽的”；D選項generalized“普遍的，廣泛的”。根據(jù)Even可知空格與varygreatly的意思相反，因此選B。句意：即使教科書通過學(xué)校系統(tǒng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，教學(xué)方法也可能有很大的不同。

5.單選題

Johnsaysthathispresentjobdoesnotprovidehimwithenough（）forhisorganizingability.

問題1選項

A.scope

B.space

C.capacity

D.range

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項scope“范圍；余地；視野”；B選項space“空間；太空”；C選項capacity“能力；容量；資格”；D選項range“范圍；幅度；山脈”。句意：約翰稱他現(xiàn)在的工作沒有為自己的組織能力提供足夠的發(fā)展空間。根據(jù)句中“organizingability組織能力”可知“空間”符合語境，因此B選項正確。

6.單選題

Sometimesthestudentmaybeaskedtowriteabouthis（

）toacertainbookorarticlethathassomebearingonthesubjectbeingstudied.

問題1選項

A.reaction

B.comment

C.impression

D.comprehension

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。reactionto對的反應(yīng)，對的看法或意見；選項B一般與on搭配；選項C和D一般與of搭配。句意：有時，學(xué)生可能會被要求寫他對某本書或某篇與正在研究的主題有關(guān)的文章的看法。選項A符合語境。

7.不定項選擇題

AttackinganincreasinglypopularInternetbusinesspractice,aconsumerwatchdoggroupMondayfiledacomplaintwiththeFederalTradeCommission,assertingthatmanyonlinesearchenginesareconcealingtheimpactspecialfeeshaveonsearchresultsbyInternetusers.CommercialAlert,a3-year-oldgroupfoundedbyconsumeractivistRalphNader,askedtheFTCtoinvestigatewhethereightoftheWeb’slargestsearchenginesareviolatingfederallawsagainstdeceptiveadvertising.

ThegroupsaidthatthesearchenginesareabandoningobjectiveformulastodeterminetheorderoftheirlistedresultsandsellingthetopspotstothehighestbidderswithoutmakingadequatedisclosurestoWebsurfers.Thecomplainttouchesahot-buttonissueaffectingtensofmillionsofpeoplewhosubmitsearchquerieseachday.Withmorethan2billionpagesandmorethan14billionhyperlinksontheWeb,searchrequestsrankasthesecondmostpopularonlineactivityafterE-mail.

TheeightsearchenginesnamedinCommercialAlert’scomplaintare:MSN,ownedbyMicrosoft;Netscape,ownedbyAOLTimeWarner;Directhit,ownedbyAskJeeves;HotBotandLycos,bothownedbyTerraLycos;Altavista,ownedbyCMGI;LookSmart,ownedbyLookSmart;andiWon,ownedbyaprivatelyheldcompanyoperatingunderthesamename.Portland,Ore.-basedCommercialAlertcouldhavenamedmoresearchenginesinitscomplaint,butfocusedonthebiggestsitesthatareauctioningoffspotsintheirresults,saidGaryRuskin,thegroup’sexecutivedirector.“Searchengineshavebecomecentralinthequestforlearningandknowledgeinoursociety.Theabilitytoskew(扭曲）theresultsinfavorofhucksters(小販）withouttellingconsumersisaseriousproblem.”Ruskinsaid.BylateMondayafternoon,threeofthesearchengineshadrespondedtoTheAssociatedPressinquiriesaboutthecomplaint.Two,LookSmartandAltaVista,deniedthecharges.MicrosoftspokesmanMattPillasaidMSNisdelivering“compellingsearchresultsthatpeoplewant.”

TheFTChadnocommentaboutthecomplaintMonday.Thecomplainttakesaimatthenewbusinessplansembracedbymoresearchenginesastheytrytocashinontheirpivotal(關(guān)鍵)roleasWebguidesandreverseasteadystreamoflosses.Toboostrevenue,searchenginesinthepastyearhavebeenacceptingpaymentsfrombusinessesinterestedinreceivingahigherrankingincertaincategoriesorensuringthattheirsitesarereviewedmorefrequently.

51.Theconsumergroupcomplainedabout（）.

52.（）isthemostpopularactivityonline.

53.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacorrectstatement?

54.AllthefollowingshareonesimilarityEXCEPT（）.

55.Theprimaryaimofsomecompanies’sponsoringthesearchenginesisto（）.

問題1選項

A.specialfeesthatInternetuserswerecharged

B.FederalTradeCommission

C.CommercialAlert

D.onlinesearchengines

問題2選項

A.Sendingpagesofinformation

B.SendingE-mail

C.Surfingthenet

D.Sellingthetopspot

問題3選項

A.TherearetoomanypagesorhyperlinksontheInternet,sopeopleusuallyusesearchenginetofindacertainsite.

B.Morethan8searchenginesareaccusedofsellingtheirsearchenginespotsbyCommercialAlert.

C.TheheadquartersofCommercialAlertisinPortlandOregon.

D.ThesearchenginesareWebguides.

問題4選項

A.LookSmart

B.CMGI

C.Altavista

D.Microsoft

問題5選項

A.cashinontheirimportantroleasWebguides

B.boosttheiravenue

C.reverseaseriesoflosses

D.havetheirsitesvisitedbytheinternetusersmore

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】51.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)問題中的complain一詞定位到第一段第二行filedacomplaintwiththeFederalTradeCommission,assertingthatmanyonlinesearchenginesareconcealingtheimpactspecialfeeshaveonsearchresultsbyInternetusersassertingthatmanyonlinesearchenginesareconcealingtheimpactspecialfeeshaveonsearchresultsbyInternetusers.（向聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易局投訴，許多在線搜索引擎都在隱瞞特別費用對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶搜索結(jié)果的影響），可知這個機構(gòu)是抱怨用戶被收取了特殊費用費，所以只有A項“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶收取的特殊費用”正確。B項“聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會”是申訴機構(gòu)；C項“商業(yè)警報”根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，這是一個消費者維權(quán)組織，故排除C；D項“在線搜索引擎”不夠全面，應(yīng)該指出具體事項。

52.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。文章二段最后一句searchrequestsrankasthesecondmostpopularonlineactivityafterE-mail。（搜索的需求是網(wǎng)上僅次于E-mail的第二大受歡迎的活動），可知網(wǎng)上最受歡迎的活動是收發(fā)E-mail。A項“發(fā)送信息頁”；C項“上網(wǎng)”；D項“銷售第一”在文中都未提及且不符合題意，故錯誤。

53.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。第三段開頭TheeightsearchenginesnamedinCommercialAlert’scomplaintare…（商業(yè)警報投訴中提到的八個搜索引擎是……），后文接著具體列舉了這八種搜索引擎，B項“超過八個”是不正確的。A項定位到第二段最后一句Withmorethan2billionpagesandmorethan14billionhyperlinksontheWeb（在網(wǎng)上有超過20億個網(wǎng)頁和超過140億個超鏈接）可知A項“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上有太多的網(wǎng)頁或超鏈接，所以人們通常使用搜索引擎來查找某個網(wǎng)站”正確；C項定位第三段第四行Portland,Ore.-basedCommercialAlertcouldhavenamedmoresearchenginesinitscomplaint,butfocusedonthebiggestsites…（位于俄勒岡州波特蘭市的《商業(yè)警報》本可以在投訴中提及更多搜索引擎，但重點放在最大的網(wǎng)站上……）可知C項“商業(yè)警報總部在俄勒岡州波特蘭”正確；D項定位到最后一段第二句moresearchenginesastheytrytocashinontheirpivotalroleasWebguidesandreverseasteadystreamoflosses.（越來越多的搜索引擎試圖利用其作為網(wǎng)絡(luò)向?qū)У年P(guān)鍵作用，扭轉(zhuǎn)持續(xù)不斷的虧損）可知D項“搜索引擎是網(wǎng)絡(luò)指南”正確。

54.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。定位到文章的第三段，看看文章中含的選項的這幾個詞，A、B、D從第三段可知都是擁有搜索引擎的公司的名字，只有C是CMGI公司所擁有的搜索引擎的名字，所以A、B、D都是公司，而C是搜索引擎，故C與其他不同。

55.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題目問一些公司贊助搜索引擎的主要目的是什么。文章的最后一句是Toboostrevenue,searchenginesinthepastyearhavebeenacceptingpaymentsfrombusinessesinterestedinreceivingahigherrankingincertaincategoriesorensuringthattheirsitesarereviewedmorefrequently.（為了增加收入，搜索引擎在過去幾年里接受了一些公司的資助，這些都是想在同類中提高地位或者愿意使網(wǎng)站被人們經(jīng)常瀏覽的公司）。所以說資助搜索引擎的公司的目的就是讓自己的網(wǎng)站被上網(wǎng)者多多瀏覽），所以答案是D項“讓他們的網(wǎng)站更受網(wǎng)民的訪問”。A項“充分發(fā)揮他們作為網(wǎng)絡(luò)向?qū)У闹匾饔谩保籅項“促進他們的發(fā)展”；C項“扭轉(zhuǎn)一系列損失”，均不符合題意。

8.單選題

Forcenturies,explorershaveriskedtheirlivesventuringintotheunknownforreasonsthatweretovaryingdegreeseconomicandnationalistic.ColumbuswentwesttolookforbettertraderoutestotheOrientandtopromotethegreatergloryofSpain.LewisandClarkjourneyedintotheAmericanwildernesstofindoutwhattheU.S.hadacquiredwhenitpurchasedLouisiana,andtheApolloastronautsrocketedtothemooninadramaticshowoftechnologicalmuscleduringthecoldwar.

Althoughtheirmissionsblendedcommercialandpolitical-militaryimperatives,theexplorersinvolvedallaccomplishedsomesignificantsciencebygoingwherenoscientistshadgonebefore.TodayMarsloomsashumanity’snextgreatterraincognita.Andwithdoubtfulprospectsforashort-termfinancialreturn,withthecoldwararapidlyfadingmemoryandamidagrowingemphasisoninternationalcooperationinlargespaceventures,itisclearthatimperativesotherthanprofitsornationalismwillhavetocompelhumanbeingstoleavetheirtracksontheplanet’sreddishsurface.Coulditbethatscience,whichhaslongplayedaminorroleinexploration,isatlastdestinedtotakealeadingrole?Thequestionnaturallyinvitesacoupleofothers:ArethereexperimentsthatonlyhumancoulddoonMars?Couldthoseexperimentsprovideinsightsprofoundenoughtojustifytheexpenseofsendingpeopleacrossinterplanetaryspace?

WithMarsthescientificstakesarearguablyhigherthantheyhaveeverbeen.Theissueofwhetherlifeeverexistedontheplanet,andwhetheritpersiststothisday,hasbeenhighlightedbymountingevidencethattheRedPlanetoncehadabundantstable,liquidwaterandbythecontinuingcontroversyoversuggestionsthebacterialfossilsrodetoEarthonameteorite(隕石)fromMars.AmoreconclusiveansweraboutlifeonMars,pastorpresent,wouldgiveresearchersinvaluabledataabouttherangeofconditionsunderwhichaplanetcangeneratethecomplexchemistrythatleadstolife.IfitcouldbeestablishedthatlifearoseindependentlyonMarsandEarth,thefindingwouldprovidethefirstconcretecluesinoneofthedeepestmysteriesinallofscience:theprevalenceoflifeintheuniverse.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thechiefpurposeofexploresingoingtounknownplaceinthepastwas_________________.

2.Atpresent,aprobableinducementforcountriestoinitiatelarge-scalespaceventuresis____________.

3.WhatisthemaingoalofsendinghumanmissionstoMars?

4.Bysaying“WithMarsthescientificstakesarearguablyhigherthantheyhaveeverbeen”,theauthormeansthat________________.

5.ThepassagetellsusthatproofoflifeonMarswould___________.

問題1選項

A.todisplaytheircountry’smilitarymight

B.toaccomplishsomesignificantscience

C.tofindnewareasforcolonization

D.topursuecommercialandstateinterests

問題2選項

A.internationalcooperation

B.nationalisticreasons

C.scientificresearch

D.long-termprofits

問題3選項

A.tTofindoutiflifeeverexistedthere.

B.tToseeifhumanscouldsurvivethere.

C.tToprovethefeasibilityoflarge-scalespaceventures.

D.tToshowtheleadingroleofscienceinspaceexploration.

問題4選項

A.withMarstherisksinvolvedaremuchgreaterthananypreviousspaceventures.

B.inthecaseofMars,therewardsofscientificexplorationcanbeveryhigh

C.inthecaseofMars,muchmoreresearchfundsareneededthaneverbefore

D.withMars,scientistsargue,thefundamentalinterestsofscienceareatissue

問題5選項

A.makeclearthecomplexchemistryinthedevelopmentoflife

B.confirmthesuggestionthatbacterialfossilstraveledtoEarthonameteorite

C.revealthekindofconditionsunderwhichlifeoriginates

D.provideanexplanationwhylifeiscommonintheuniverse

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題解析】：事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)explorersgotounknown定位到全文首句。首句中提到，幾個世紀以來，出于或多或少的經(jīng)濟原因及國家主義原因，探險家冒著生命危險深入到未知領(lǐng)域。本題是詢問主要目的，所以reasons的定語從句中的內(nèi)容即為答案“forreasonsthatweretovaryingdegreeseconomicandnationalistic”，由此可知答案為D。

2.【試題解析】:判斷推理題。題目的意思是說促使各個國家大規(guī)模的太空探險的主要誘因是什么，定位到第2段，“itisclearthatimperativesotherthanprofitsornationalismwillhavetocompelhumanbeingstoleavetheirtracksontheplanet’sreddishsurface.”可得知去太空探險是為了留下人類的痕跡也就是為了科學(xué)的探索，因此，答案為C。

3.【試題解析】:判斷推理題。根據(jù)maingoal這一個關(guān)鍵詞定位到第23段第43句。定位到原文，可得知在以往探險中一直扮演次要角色的科學(xué)這一次終于注定是主角了嗎？?說明在以往探險中，一直被認為不重要的就是科學(xué)，由此可知那么這次最重要的就是科學(xué)，因此答案為D。

4.【試題解析】:事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)引用的這句話可以定位到原文的“AmoreconclusiveansweraboutlifeonMars,pastorpresent,wouldgiveresearchersinvaluabledataabouttherangeofconditionsunderwhichaplanetcangeneratethecomplexchemistrythatleadstolife.”可得知，這次的探險可以獲得了很多前所未有的珍貴資料，因此，答案為BA。

5.【試題解析】：事實細節(jié)題。題目詢問文章告訴我們火星上有生命的證據(jù)表明了什么，可定位到原文的最后一段“AmoreconclusiveansweraboutlifeonMars,，pastorpresent,，wouldgiveresearchersinvaluabledataabouttherangeofconditionsunderwhichaplanetcangeneratethecomplexchemistrythatleadstolife.”(（就火星上過去或現(xiàn)在的生命問題提供一個更具結(jié)論性的答案，將會給研究者提供寶貴的資料，使他們了解在何種條件下，一個行星體能夠產(chǎn)生復(fù)雜的化學(xué)反應(yīng)，導(dǎo)致生命的出現(xiàn)）)，因此，答案為C。

9.單選題

Bettywasconcernedthathergreatsocialpopularity（）adiscouragingeffectonthemanshewantedtomarry.

問題1選項

A.shouldbe

B.hadbeen

C.willbe

D.mighthave

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。結(jié)合選項與題干可知本題考查的是虛擬語氣。句意：貝蒂擔(dān)心她巨大的社會聲望……對她想要嫁的男人會產(chǎn)生令人沮喪的影響。根據(jù)句意可推測，她的巨大聲望可能會產(chǎn)生某種影響，可知C選項正確。

10.單選題

Thecorporationexpectsonly（）increasesinsalesnextyeardespiteayearlongefforttoreviveitsretailingbusiness.

問題1選項

A.modest

B.predictable

C.dynamic

D.expanding

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項modest“適度的，謙虛的”；B選項predictable“可預(yù)言的”；C選項dynamic“動態(tài)的，動力的，有活力的”；D選項expanding“擴大的，擴展的”。句意：盡管用過去一年的時間去努力恢復(fù)零售市場，但是公司僅僅期盼業(yè)績（）增長即可。題干中的despite表轉(zhuǎn)折，因此空格所填單詞應(yīng)該與despite所引導(dǎo)的句子產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果相反，正常情況下，付出了努力必然期盼有回報，所以這里應(yīng)填與increase意思相反的詞匯。因此A選項正確。

11.單選題

Theexplosionofastarisanawesomeevent.Themostviolentofthesecataclysms,whichproducesupernovae,probablydestroysastarcompletely.Withinourgalaxyofroughly100billionstarsthelastsupernovawasobservedin1604.Muchsmallerexplosions,however,occurquitefrequently,givingrisetowhatastronomerscallnovaeanddwarfnovae.Ontheorderof25novaeoccurinourgalaxyeveryyear,butonlytwoorthreearenearenoughtobeobserved.About100dwarfnovaeareknownaltogether.Iftheexplodingstarisinanearbypartofthegalaxy,itmaycreatea“newstar”thatwasnotpreviouslyvisibletothenakedeye.ThelastnewstarofthissortthatcouldbeobservedclearlyfromtheNorthernHemisphereappearedin1946.Inthesesmallerexplosionsthestarlosesonlyaminutefractionofitsmassandsurvivestoexplodeagain.

Astrophysicistsarefairlywellsatisfiedthattheycanaccountfortheexplosionsofsupernovae.Thenovaeanddwarfnovaehavepresentedmoreofapuzzle.Ishalldescriberecentinvestigationsthathaveprovidedimportantnewinformationaboutthesetwoclassesofexplodingstar.Thepicturethatemergesisquiteastonishing.Itappearsthateverydwarfnova—andperhapseverynova—isamemberofapairofstars.Thetwostarsaresoclosetogetherthattheyrevolvearoundapointthatliesbarelyoutsidethesurfaceofthelargerstar.Asaresulttheperiodofrotationisusuallyonlyafewhoursandtheirvelocitiesrangeupwardtowithinatwo-hundredththespeedoflight.

Astronomersusetheterm“cataclysmicvariable”toembracethethreegeneralclassesofexplodingstar:dwarfnovae,novae,andsupemovae.Acataclysmicvariableisdefinedasastarthatsuddenlyandunpredictablyincreasesinbrightnessbyafactorofatleast10.Dwarfnovaearestarsthatincreaseinbrightnessbyafactorof10too100withinaperiodofseveralhoursanddeclinetotheirformerbrightnessintwoorthreedays.Inthisperiodtheyemitsome1038to1039ergsofenergy.Atmaximumbrillianceadwarfnovashinesaboutasintenselyasoursun;previouslyithadbeenonlyaboutahundredthasbright.Thenumberofoutburstsrangesanywherefrom3to30ayear,butforanystartheintervalshaveafairlyconstantvalue.Moreover,themaximumbrightnessfromoutbursttooutburstisthesamewithinafactoroftwoforagivenstar.Thedwarfnovaeareoftenreferredto,aftertheirprototypes,asUGeminorumorSSCygnistars.(Thestarsofeachconstellationaredesignatedbylettersornumbers.)Asubgroupofdwarfnovae,calledZCamelopardalisstars,donotalwaysdescendtominimumbrightnessbetweenoutburstsbutmaystayatsomeintermediatelevelforseveralmonths.

1.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（

）.

2.Thereasonwhydwarfnovaeexplodeis

（

）.

3.Itislikelythatintheparagraphthatfollowsthispassagetheauthorwilldiscuss（

）.

4.ItcanbeseenfromthelastparagraphofthepassagethatZCamelopardalisstarsare

（

）.

5.Astronomersareacquaintedwithapproximately（

）.

問題1選項

A.CataclysmicVariables

B.ExplodingStars

C.MiraclesintheSkies

D.OurExpandingUniverse

問題2選項

A.thattheyemittremendousamountsofenergy

B.acataclysmicvariable

C.thattheyaretwinstars

D.notknown

問題3選項

A.thecharacteristicsoftheexplosionofanova

B.supernovae

C.oursunasadwarfnova

D.howthetwinstarsrevolve

問題4選項

A.supemovae

B.atminimumbrillianceforseveralmonths

C.belongingtoitssubgroupofadwarfnovaefamily

D.atmaximumbrillianceforalongertimethanotherstars

問題5選項

A.100dwarfnovae

B.35novae

C.10novae

D.3to30novaeayear

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段“Muchsmallerexplosions,however,occurquitefrequently,givingrisetowhatastronomerscallnovaeanddwarfnovae.”指出星體的爆炸及其產(chǎn)生的其他不同的星體——矮新星、新星和超新星。文章隨后介紹了天體物理學(xué)家對這些爆炸星體的觀察結(jié)果，并且天體物理學(xué)家將這三類爆炸的星體統(tǒng)稱為激變形變光星，最后文章對其中的矮新星進行了詳細的介紹。所以答案為B。

2.細節(jié)事實題。定位第二段中“Astrophysicistsarefairlywellsatisfiedthattheycanaccountfortheexplosionsofsupernovae.Thenovaeanddwarfnovaehavepresentedmoreofapuzzle天體物理學(xué)家都相當(dāng)滿意，他們可以解釋超新星的爆炸。新星和矮新星更像是一個謎?！笨芍狣項正確。

3.判斷推理題。題干問“在這篇文章之后的段落中作者將會探討？”定位到最后一段，“Astronomersusetheterm“cataclysmicvariable”toembracethethreegeneralclassesofexplodingstar:dwarfnovae,novae,andsupernovae.”天文學(xué)家使用“災(zāi)變變量”一詞來概括爆炸恒星的三大類:矮新星、新星和超新星?！痹俳Y(jié)合前文中的“Astrophysicistsarefairlywellsatisfiedthattheycanaccountfortheexplosionsofsupenovae.Thenovaeanddwarfnovaehavepresentedmoreofapuzzle天體物理學(xué)家對他們能解釋超新星的爆炸相當(dāng)滿意。新星和矮新星更像是一個謎。”既然物理學(xué)家對超新星的爆炸相當(dāng)滿意，可推知接下來可能會繼續(xù)探討有關(guān)超新星的問題。

4.細節(jié)事實題。定位到最后一段中“Asubgroupofdwarfnovae,calledZCamelopardalisstars,donotalwaysdescendtominimumbrightnessbetweenoutburstsbutmaystayatsomeintermediatelevelforseveralmonths.矮新星的子群，稱為Z鹿豹座恒星,其亮度不總是在爆發(fā)的間隙下降至最低，但或許在幾個月的時間里保持中等水平?？芍狢項“屬于矮新星科的一個亞群”正確。

5.細節(jié)事實題。由第一段中“About100dwarfnovaeareknownaltogether.已知的矮新星總共有大約100顆”可知A項正確。

12.填空題

IranintoWangTaoandLiSan（1）thetradefairinMunbaiinFebruary.I（2）seenthemsince2007（3）ofthemliketheirnewjobs,but（4）wantstostayinShenzhenmuchlonger.

【答案】1.at

2.Haven’t

3.Both

4.neither

【解析】1.語法題。此處應(yīng)該用介詞at。Atthetradefair在交易會上。

2.

語法題。此處有提示詞since,所以此處表示

“自從2007年來,就沒見過他們了”,因此用現(xiàn)在完成時的否定haven’t

done。

3.語義題。此處填both(兩者都…)符合句意。

4.語義題。Neither表示“都不”。

13.單選題

Itwasn’tsuchagooddinner（）shehadpromised.

問題1選項

A.what

B.that

C.which

D.as

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。such和as搭配，so和that搭配，所以這里只能填入as。句意：這頓晚餐并不像她所承諾的那樣好。選項D正確。

14.單選題

JustasoneneedsaJ.D.tobecomealawyerinAmerica,onemustobtainaM.D.inordertoqualifyasaphysician,thoughthedegreeisnottheonlyrequirement.

問題1選項

A.JustasoneneedsaJ.D

B.aM.D

C.qualifyasa

D.thoughthedegreeisnottheonly

E.沒有問題

【答案】E

15.單選題

I’djustassoon（

）rudelytoher.

問題1選項

A.thatyouwon’tspeak

B.yournotspeaking

C.younotspeak

D.youdidn’tspeak

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我倒寧愿你沒有粗魯?shù)貙λf話。

語法題?？疾樘摂M語氣。由句中關(guān)鍵詞“justassoon倒寧愿”的對應(yīng)知這里應(yīng)該用一般過去時來表示與現(xiàn)在事實（即你粗魯?shù)貙λf話）相反的虛擬語氣，故D項“youdidn’tspeak”正確。

16.單選題

Althoughnotaneconomisthimself,Dr.Smithhaslongbeenaseverecriticofthegovernment’s—（

）policies.

問題1選項

A.economical

B.economic

C.economy

D.economics

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項economical“經(jīng)濟的，實惠的，節(jié)儉的”；B選項economic“經(jīng)濟上的，經(jīng)濟學(xué)的，有利可圖的”；C選項economy“經(jīng)濟，經(jīng)濟情況”；D選項economics“經(jīng)濟學(xué)”?？崭裉帪樾稳菰~作定語修飾名詞policies，B選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：史密斯博士本人雖然不是經(jīng)濟學(xué)家，但長期以來一直嚴厲批評政府的經(jīng)濟政策。

17.單選題

IadmitIhavemadeamistake,______Idenytheseriousconsequenceitmayhave.

問題1選項

A.so

B.sowill

C.norwill

D.howcan

【答案】C

【解析】考查admit和deny互為反義詞，admit=notdeny，且nor；hardly；innoway；little；scarcely；seldom；never；nomore；nolonger；not；notonly；nosooner；Notonly...butalso；notuntil...等具有否定意義的詞或詞組位于句首，句子用部分倒裝。即是把Inorwilldeny倒裝為norwillIdeny。句意：我承認我犯了錯誤，也不否認它可能造成的嚴重后果。因此C選項正確。

18.單選題

Withtheprospectofcoalandpetroleumsuppliesdepletedandwithairpollutionbecominganincreasingconcern,themajorcountriesoftheworldareseekingalternatesourcesofenergy.Ifameanstoobtainenergyfromwater,especiallyfromtheocean,canbeeffectedeconomically,itwouldfurnishaneverendingsupplyofenergy,since70%oftheearth’ssurfaceisoceanandanother10%isfreshwaterinriversandlakes.

Fromthebeginningoftimemanhasusedwaterpowerasasourceofworkenergy—waterfallsanddam—butthesearefreshwatersourcesandarelandlocked.Theseashavecontributedlittleornothinginthewayofpower.

Theuseoftemperaturevariationbetweencurrentsisoneareaofexploration.Oceanwaterisheatedbythesunneartheequatoranddrawnbytherotationoftheearthtowardthepoles,whereitcoolsanddropstowardtheoceanfloorandstartsitsjourneybacktowardtheequator.Thedifferentialbetweenthetwocurrentsis35degreesto45degreesFahrenheitandtouseit,thescientistsmustfindtheplaceswheretheyrunnearlandandarenottoofarawayfromeachother.OneareathatmeetstheserequirementsistheCaribbeanSea.

America,thegreatestconsumerofenergy,hasbeenworkingonanotherkindofthermalseaenergyproposal.Oneplanwouldsomewhatresembletheoperationofarefrigeratoronavastscale.Warmwaterwouldbetheheatsource,coldwatertheheatsink.

Oceansalsoofferwavepower,tidesandthechemicalpropensitiesofsaltwateraspotentialsourcesofenergy.Alltheseusesaretheoreticallypossible.

Britain’sDepartmentofEnergyisinterestedinwavepower,usingastringof“teardrop”devicesthatdependonveryactivewaveareasand100feetdepths.Inadditiontothis,theBritishareworkingonamethodthattheJapanesehavealreadyputintopracticaluseonasmallscaleforpoweringtheirnavigationalbuoys.Thismethodiscalledanoscillatingwatercolumnandridesthewaveswithaseriesofcylindershavingone-wayairvalves.Wavemovementproducesairunderpressurethathasonlyoneescaperoute—toaturbinethatpowersagenerator.

11.Theuseofwateris______.

12.Inthematterofdevelopingenergyfromoceanwater,Britainis______.

13.ThedevelopmentofwaterpowerfromtheoceanisimportanttoAmericaandRussiabecause______.

14.Gettingenergyfromtheoceanisimportantto______.