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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南昌大學(xué)科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

TheInternet,E-commerceandglobalizationaremakinganeweconomicerapossible.Inthefuture,capitalistmarketswilllargelybereplacedbyanewkindofeconomicsystembasedonnetworkedrelationships,contractualarrangementsandaccessrights.

Hasthequalityofourlivesatwork,athomeandinourcommunitiesincreasedindirectproportiontoallthenewInternetandbusiness-to-businessInternetservicesbeingintroducedintoourlives?IhaveaskedthisquestionofhundredsofCEOSandcorporateexecutivesinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Surprisingly,virtuallyeveryonehassaid,“No,quitecontrary.”Theverypeopleresponsibleforusheringinwhatsomehavecalleda“technologicalrenaissance”saytheyareworkinglongerhours,feelmorestressed,aremoreimpatient,andareevenlesscivilintheirdealingswithcolleaguesandfriends—nottomentionstrangers.Andwhat'smorerevealing,theyplacemuchoftheblameontheverysametechnologiestheyaresoaggressivelychampioning.

Thetechnoguruspromisedusthataccesswouldmakelifemoreconvenientandgiveusmoretime.Instead,theverytechnologicalwondersthatweresupposedtoliberateushavebeguntoenslaveusinawebofconnectionsfromwhichthereseemstobenoeasyescape.

Ifanearliergenerationwaspreoccupiedwiththequesttoencloseavastgeographicfrontier,generation,itseems,ismorecaughtupinthecolonizationoftime.Everysparemomentofourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection,makingtimeitselfthemostscarceofallresources.Oure-mail,voicemailandcellphones,our24-hourInteractnewsandentertainmentallseizeforourattention.

Andwhilewehavecreatedeverykindoflabor-andtime-savingdevicetoserviceourneeds,wearebeginningtofeellikewehavelesstimeavailabletousthananyotherhumansinhistory.Thatisbecausethegreatproliferationoflabor-and-time-savingservicesonlyincreasesthediversity,paceandflowofcommodifiedactivityaroundus.Forexample,e-mailisagreatconvenience.However,wenowfindourselvesspendingmuchofourdayfranticallyrespondingtoeachother’selectronicmessages.Thecellphoneisagreattime-saver.Exceptnowwearealwayspotentiallyinreachofsomeoneelsewhowantsourattention.

Socialconservativestalkaboutthedeclineincivilityandblameitonthelossofamoralcompassandreligiousvalues.Hasanyonebotheredtoaskwhetherthehyperspeedcultureismakingallofuslesspatientandlesswillingtolistenanddefer,considerandreflect?

Maybeweneedtoaskwhatkindsofconnectionsreallycountandwhattypesofaccessreallymatterinthee-economyera.Ifthisnewtechnologyrevolutionisonlyabouthyperefficiency,thenwerisklosingsomethingevenpreciousthantime—oursenseofwhatitmeanstobeacaringhumanbeing.

1.Accordingtothepassage,corporateexecutivesthinkthat().

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.Wgeneration?

4.Inthesixthparagraph,theauthorimpliedthat().

5.Anappropriatetitleforthepassagemightbe().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.technologyrenaissanceshouldbepushedforward.

B.technologyhasaprofoundimpactontheirlives.

C.technologyactuallyresultsinadeclineintheirlifequality.

D.technologyshouldbeaggressivelychampioned.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Technologywassupposedtofreepeople.

B.Tgenerationbecameslavesoftechnology.

C.Newtechnologiesoccupymuchofourtime.

D.Itisdifficulttoavoidtheinfluenceoftechnologywonders.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Technologicalwonders.

B.Accesstoinformation.

C.Time.

D.Timesavingdevices.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.socialconservativesblamedthelossofmoralityontechnology.

B.generationwaslesscivilthantheearliergenerations.

C.thehyperspeedcultureledtothedeclineincivility.

D.technologymightmakepeoplelessimpatient.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheNewInternetLife.

B.TheDrawbacksoftooMuchAccess.

C.TheFailureofTechnologicalRenaissance.

D.TheDecliningQualityofLife.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Hasthequalityofourlivesatwork,athomeandinourcommunitiesincreasedindirectproportiontoallthenewInternetandbusiness-to-businessInternetservicesbeingintroducedintoourlives?...“No,quitecontrary.”(我們在工作、家庭和社區(qū)的生活質(zhì)量是否與我們生活中引入的所有新互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和企業(yè)對企業(yè)的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)成正比?……“不,完全相反?!保┛芍狢選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)實(shí)際上導(dǎo)致了他們生活質(zhì)量的下降”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Instead,theverytechnologicalwondersthatweresupposedtoliberateushavebeguntoenslaveusinawebofconnectionsfromwhichthereseemstobenoeasyescape.(相反,本應(yīng)解放我們的科技奇跡,卻開始把我們束縛在一個似乎無法輕易擺脫的聯(lián)系網(wǎng)中)但并不是說網(wǎng)絡(luò)一代變成了技術(shù)的奴隸,因此選B。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第四段中的Everysparemomentofourtimeisbeingfilledwithsomeformofcommercialconnection,makingtimeitselfthemostscarceofallresources.(我們的每一個空閑時間都充滿了某種形式的商業(yè)聯(lián)系,使時間本身成為所有資源中最稀缺的)可知選C。

4.推理判斷題。文章第六段中的Hasanyonebotheredtoaskwhetherthehyperspeedcultureismakingallofuslesspatientandlesswillingtolistenanddefer,considerandreflect?(有沒有人問過,高速發(fā)展的文化是否讓我們所有人都變得不那么有耐心,不太愿意傾聽、推遲、考慮和反思?)可知D選項(xiàng)“科技可能會使人失去耐心”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了科技給人們生活帶來的負(fù)面影響,因此B選項(xiàng)“使用過多的缺點(diǎn)”符合題意。

2.單選題

Heisoneofthemostactive()intheextracurricularactivitiesofthestudents’union.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inhabitants

B.descendants

C.participants

D.tenants

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)inhabitant“居民;居住者”;B選項(xiàng)descendant“后裔;子孫”;C選項(xiàng)participant“參與者”;D選項(xiàng)tenant“承租人;房客;佃戶”。句意:他是學(xué)生會課外活動最積極的參與者之一。結(jié)合句意,判斷出選項(xiàng)C正確。

3.單選題

Toparaphrase18th-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke,“allthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.”O(jiān)nesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.

Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal.

Forexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatopposedimmunizations;shewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefromanimalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,“ThenIwouldhavetosayyes.”Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,“Don’tworry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers.”Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon’tunderstand.

Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,understandableway-inhumanterm,notinthelanguageofmolecularbiology.Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchandagrandmother’shipreplacement,afather’sbypassoperationababy’svaccinations,andevenapet’sshots.Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatworst.

Muchcanbedone.Scientistscould“adopt”middleSchoolclassesandpresenttheirownresearch.Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotours,toshowthatlaboratoryanimalsreceivehumanecare.

Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell-knownpersonalitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledonothingthereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalprogress.

1.TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke’swordsto____.

2.Misledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchis____.

3.Theexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthepublic’s____.

4.Theauthorbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates,scientistsshould____.

5.FromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooperis____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.callonscientiststotakesomeactions

B.criticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrights

C.warnofthedoomofbiomedicalresearch

D.showthetriumphoftheanimalrightsmovement

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.cruelbutnatural

B.inhumanandunacceptable

C.inevitablebutvicious

D.pointlessandwasteful

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.discontentwithanimalresearch

B.ignoranceaboutmedicalscience

C.indifferencetoepidemics

D.anxietyaboutanimalrights

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.communicatemorewiththepublic

B.employhi-techmeansinresearch

C.feelnoshamefortheircause

D.strivetodevelopnewcures

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.awell-knownhumanist

B.amedicalpractitioner

C.anenthusiastinanimalrights

D.asupporterofanimalresearch

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke’swordsto____.

作者以埃德蒙?伯克的話開始他的文章來____。

A.callonscientiststotakesomeactions.A.呼吁科學(xué)家采取一些行動

B.criticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrightsB.批評誤入歧途的動物權(quán)利事業(yè)

C.warnofthedoomofbiomedicalresearchC.警告生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究的末日

D.showthetriumphoftheanimalrightsmovementD.展示動物權(quán)利運(yùn)動的勝利

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第一段“一個被誤導(dǎo)的事業(yè)要取得勝利,所需要的就是好人什么都不做”以及第二段“科學(xué)家需要對動物權(quán)利倡導(dǎo)作出強(qiáng)有力的回應(yīng)”。作者用EdmundBurke的話中談到誤導(dǎo)之所以得逞就是好人不采取行動而下文又說科學(xué)家需要采取行動。由此可推斷,作者呼吁科學(xué)家采取行動。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“批評誤入歧途的動物權(quán)利事業(yè)”,作者只是說要采取行動對動物權(quán)利倡導(dǎo)者作出強(qiáng)有力的回應(yīng),而并不是批評誤入歧途的動物權(quán)利事業(yè),該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷;

C選項(xiàng)“警告生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究的末日”,文中沒有體現(xiàn),該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;

D選項(xiàng)“展示動物權(quán)利運(yùn)動的勝利”,文中沒有體現(xiàn),該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Misledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchis____.被誤導(dǎo)的人傾向于認(rèn)為用動物做研究是____。

A.cruelbutnaturalA.殘酷的但自然的

B.inhumanandunacceptableB.不人道的和不可接受的

C.inevitablebutviciousC.不可避免的但惡性的

D.pointlessandwastefulD.毫無意義的和浪費(fèi)的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】文章第一段最后一句談到“當(dāng)人們聽到醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)虐待動物的指控時,許多人都不明白為什么有人會故意傷害動物”;第二段舉例說明人們毫無理由地反對動物實(shí)驗(yàn);第三段結(jié)尾又說“對于不明真相的人們來說,動物實(shí)驗(yàn)說得好是浪費(fèi),說得不好是殘忍?!币虼宋恼露啻伟凳尽1徽`導(dǎo)的人們對動物實(shí)驗(yàn)的看法是B選項(xiàng)“不人道的和不可接受的”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“殘酷的但自然的”,被誤導(dǎo)的人認(rèn)為是殘酷的,但是自然的不是他們的看法,該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷;

C選項(xiàng)“不可避免的但惡性的”,惡性的可以是他們的看法,但文中提到“不要擔(dān)心,科學(xué)家會找到使用計(jì)算機(jī)的方法?!币簿褪钦f他們認(rèn)為是可以避免的,用別的方法代替的,而并不是不可避免的,該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾;

D選項(xiàng)“毫無意義的和浪費(fèi)的”,文中并沒有提到毫無意義的是他們的看法,該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthepublic’s____.這位老奶奶的例子被用來展示公眾____。

A.discontentwithanimalresearchA.對動物研究的不滿

B.ignoranceaboutmedicalscienceB.對醫(yī)學(xué)的無知

C.indifferencetoepidemicsC.對流行病漠不關(guān)心

D.anxietyaboutanimalrightsD.對動物權(quán)利的擔(dān)憂

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第三段“當(dāng)被問及傳染病卷土重來時會發(fā)生什么時,她說:‘不要擔(dān)心,科學(xué)家會找到使用計(jì)算機(jī)解決問題的方法?!@些好心的人就是不明白?!庇纱丝芍眠@個老年的例子說明他們對醫(yī)學(xué)的無知。因此選B。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“對動物研究的不滿”,用該例子強(qiáng)調(diào)公眾對醫(yī)學(xué)的無知而不是對動物研究的不滿,該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文;

C選項(xiàng)“對流行病漠不關(guān)心”,文中提到“當(dāng)被問及傳染病卷土重來時會發(fā)生什么時,她說:‘不要擔(dān)心,科學(xué)家會找到使用計(jì)算機(jī)解決問題的方法。’”可知這個老奶奶只是認(rèn)為可以用計(jì)算機(jī)方法代替動物研究,而不是對流行病漠不關(guān)心,該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷;

D選項(xiàng)“對動物權(quán)利的擔(dān)憂”,文中沒有體現(xiàn),該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Theauthorbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates,scientistsshould____.作者認(rèn)為,面對來自動物權(quán)利倡導(dǎo)者的挑戰(zhàn),科學(xué)家應(yīng)該____。

A.communicatemorewiththepublicA.多與公眾溝通

B.employhi-techmeansinresearchB.運(yùn)用高科技手段進(jìn)行研究

C.feelnoshamefortheircauseC.不要為他們的事業(yè)感到羞恥

D.strivetodevelopnewcuresD.努力開發(fā)新的治療方法

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第四段“科學(xué)家必須以一種富有同情心、易于理解的方式向公眾傳達(dá)他們的信息——用人性化的語言,而不是用分子生物學(xué)的語言。”以及倒數(shù)第二段“研究機(jī)構(gòu)可以向游客開放,向他們展示實(shí)驗(yàn)室的動物得到了人道的照顧?!庇纱丝赏茢啵髡哒J(rèn)為科學(xué)家應(yīng)該多與公眾溝通。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“運(yùn)用高科技手段進(jìn)行研究”,文中沒有體現(xiàn),該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;

C選項(xiàng)“不要為他們的事業(yè)感到羞恥”,文中沒有體現(xiàn),該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;

D選項(xiàng)“努力開發(fā)新的治療方法”,文中沒有提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

FromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooperis____.從課文中我們知道史蒂芬?庫珀是____。

A.awell-knownhumanistA.一個著名的人道主義者

B.amedicalpractitionerB.一個醫(yī)療從業(yè)人員

C.anenthusiastinanimalrightsC.一個動物權(quán)利的狂熱者

D.asupporterofanimalresearchD.一個動物研究的支持者

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到最后一段“健康研究界不僅應(yīng)該積極地招募史蒂芬?庫珀這樣的知名人士(他曾勇敢地聲明動物研究的價值)”由此可知史蒂芬?庫珀是動物研究的支持者。因此選D。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“一個著名的人道主義者”,文中沒有提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;

B選項(xiàng)“一個醫(yī)療從業(yè)人員”,文中沒有提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;

C選項(xiàng)“一個動物權(quán)利的狂熱者”,文中說到“健康研究界不僅應(yīng)該積極地招募史蒂芬?庫珀這樣的知名人士(他曾勇敢地聲明動物研究的價值)”可知他是動物研究的支持者而不是動物權(quán)利的狂熱者,該選項(xiàng)與原文意思相反,該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

4.單選題

Sometimes,whilelivinginaforeigncountry,onecravesaspecialdishfromhome.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.desires

B.eats

C.prepares

D.orders

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞義辨析。crave表示“渴望,懇求”;A項(xiàng)desire“想要,渴望”,B項(xiàng)eat“吃”,C項(xiàng)prepare“準(zhǔn)備”,D項(xiàng)order“命令,下單”。句意:生活在異國他鄉(xiāng)時,有時會想吃家鄉(xiāng)的特色菜。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

IsittruethattheAmericanintellectualisrejectedandconsideredofnoaccountinhissociety?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.senseless

B.unimportant

C.indifferent

D.uninteresting

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.senseless無意義的,無目的的B.unimportant不重要的

C.indifferent漠不關(guān)心,不感興趣D.uninteresting不吸引人的,無趣的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】ofnoaccount的意思為“不重要的”,這里在問在美國,知識分子是否被認(rèn)為無足輕重,unimportant與之詞義相近,因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】美國知識分子在他所處的社會中被排斥,被認(rèn)為無足輕重,這是真的嗎?

6.寫作題

Asthesocietydevelops,interpersonalrelationshipsaregettingmoreandmoreindifferent.Pleasemakecommentonthephenomena.

【答案】Itseemsveryridiculousthatpeoplelivingsoneardon’tknoweachotherforsuchalongtime.However,theconditionisperformedeverywhere.Itistheexactreflectionofinterpersonalrelationshipsinthemodemworldwheremostpeopleliveinapartments.Theyclosetheirdoorsandnevergooutassoonastheygethomefromwork.Iftheylivealone,theywillkilltheirtimebywatchingTVorreadingmagazines.Theydon’thaveanyconnectionsevenwiththeirclosestneighbors,whoseemnodifferentfrompeopletheymeeteverydayinthestreet.

Thisphenomenonisneithergoodtous,nortooursociety.Peoplewillfeellonelyandbecomemoreandmoreindifferentsothatinterpersonalrelationshipsarenotharmonious.Interpersonalcommunicationisveryimportanttous.Firstly,itisessentialforourphysicalwell-being.Lackofcommunicationshowsawiderangeofmedicalhazards.Sociallyisolatedpeoplearefoundtobetwoorthreetimesmorelikelytosufferfrompoorhealththanthosewithstrongsocialties.Steadyinterpersonalcommunicationcontributestothelongevityofourlives.Secondly,interpersonalcommunicationenablesustohaveasenseofouridentity.Deprivedofcommunicationwithothers,wecanhardlyhaveaclearideaofidentity.Oursenseofidentitycomesfromthewayweinteractwithotherpeople.Wedecidewhatwearelikebasedonhowothersreacttous.Inourlifeweneedtofeelasenseofbelongingtosomepersonalrelationship.Weneedtoinfluenceothersandfeelsomesenseofpoweroverourworld,andtocareforothersandknowthattheycareforus,thustohaveasenseofaffectionandfriendship.Lastly,interpersonalcommunicationisthemeansofimportantinformationineveryrespect,whichmakesuswellinformedandhelpsustogrow.

Tosumup,interpersonalcommunicationisjustasnecessaryaswaterandairtousinourworkandlife.Weshouldpaygreatattentiontotheamountofinterpersonalcommunicationaswellastothewaysofdoingit.Properandskillfulinterpersonalcommunicationwillsatisfyourphysicalneeds,psychologicalneeds,socialneedsandpracticalneeds.

7.單選題

Shespentahappyafternoon______hercoinsandstamps.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makingout

B.sortingout

C.figuringout

D.turningout

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)makingout“理解;證明;填寫完”;B選項(xiàng)sortingout“整理;挑選”;C選項(xiàng)figuringout“解決;算出”;D選項(xiàng)turningout“原來是”。句意:她______她的硬幣和郵票,度過了一個快樂的下午。根據(jù)語境,sortingout“整理;挑選”搭配coinsandstamps“硬幣和郵票”比較合適。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Scienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryaspectofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsomeideaofitsstructureandoperation.Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthesubcultureinwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellasspecificscientificconceptsiseasiertoobtainifoneknowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteandfrustratethescientist.

Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseknowledgeofscienceissuperficial;forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceasamustystorehouseofdriedfacts;forthepersonwhoseesthechiefobjectiveofscienceastheproductionofgadgets;andforthepersonwhoviewsthescientistsassomesortofmagician.Thebookcanbeusedtosupplementacourseinanyscience,toaccompanyanycoursethatattemptstogiveanunderstandingofthemodemworld,orindependentlyofanycourse,simplytoprovideabetterunderstandingofscience.Wehopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderperspectiveonscientificattitudesandamorerealisticviewofwhatscienceis,whoscientistsare,andwhattheydo.Itwillgivethemanawarenessandunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenscienceandourcultureandanappreciationoftherolessciencemayplayinourculture.Inaddition,readersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofthevaluesandphilosophiesthatarepervasiveinourculture.

Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookanaccurateandup-to-datepictureofthescientificcommunityandthepeoplewhopopulateit.Thatpopulationhasinrecentyearscometoconsistofmoreandmorewomen.Thisincreasingroleofwomeninthescientificsubcultureisnotauniqueincidentbut,rather,partofthetrendevidentinallpartsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.Indiscussingthesechangesandcontribution,however,wearefacedwithalanguagethatissomewhatsexist,onethatusesmalenounsorpronounsinreferringtounspecifiedindividuals.Tobalancethisbuilt-inbias,wehaveadoptedthepolicyofusingpluralnounsandpronounswheneverpossibleand,whenabsolutelynecessary,alternatinghimandher.Thispolicyisfarfrombeingideal,butitisatleastanacknowledgementoftheinadequacyofourlanguageintreatinghalfofthehumanraceequally.

Wehavealsotriedtomakethebookentertainingaswellasinformative.Ourapproachisusuallyinformal.Wefeel,asmanyotherscientistsdo,thatweshouldn’ttakeourselvestooseriously.Asthereadermayobserve,weseescienceasadelightfulpastimeratherthanasagrimanddrearywaytoearnaliving.

1.Accordingtothepassage,“scientificsubculture”means(

).

2.Weneedtoknowsomethingaboutthestructureandoperationofsciencebecause

).

3.Thebookmentionedinthispassageiswrittenforreaderswho

).

4.Accordingtothispassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

5.Thetextmostprobablyis(

).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.culturalgroupsthatareformedbyscientists.

B.peoplewhoseknowledgeofscienceisverylimited

C.thescientificcommunity

D.peoplewhomakegoodcontributiontoscience

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itisnoteasytounderstandthethingsthatexciteandfrustratescientists

B.scienceaffectsalmosteveryaspectofourlife

C.scientistsliveinaspecificsubculture

D.itiseasiertounderstandgeneralcharacteristicsofscience

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.areintelligentcollegestudentsandlaypersonwhodonotknowmuchaboutscience

B.aregoodatproducingvariousgadgets

C.workinastorehouseofdriedfacts

D.wanttohaveasuperficialunderstandingofscience

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Englishisasexistlanguage.

B.Onlyinthescientificworldistheroleofwomenincreasingrapidly.

C.Womenaremakingsignificantcontributionstoeliminatingtheinadequacyofourlanguage.

D.Malenounsorpronounsshouldnotbeusedtorefertoscientists.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.abookreview

B.theprefaceofabook

C.thepostscriptofabook

D.theconcludingpartofabook

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthesubcultureinwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.(他們還應(yīng)該了解科學(xué)家生活的亞文化群體以及他們是什么樣的人)和第三段中的Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookanaccurateandup-to-datepictureofthescientificcommunityandthepeoplewhopopulateit.(我們試圖在這本書中給出一個準(zhǔn)確的、最新的描述科學(xué)界及生活在科學(xué)界的人)可推測“scientificsubculture(科學(xué)亞文化群體)”指的是由科學(xué)家組成的文化群體,因此選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Sinceittouchesalmosteveryaspectofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsomeideaofitsstructureandoperation.(因?yàn)樗鼛缀跎婕暗轿覀兩畹拿恳粋€方面,受過教育的人至少需要了解它的結(jié)構(gòu)和運(yùn)作)可知B選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)幾乎影響我們生活的方方面面”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseknowledgeofscienceissuperficial(這本書是為聰明的學(xué)生或非專業(yè)人士而寫的,他們的科學(xué)知識是膚淺的)可知A選項(xiàng)“聰明的大學(xué)生和不懂科學(xué)的門外漢”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Thisincreasingroleofwomeninthescientificsubcultureisnotauniqueincidentbut,rather,partofthetrendevidentinallpartsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.Indiscussingthesechangesandcontribution,however,wearefacedwithalanguagethatissomewhatsexist,onethatusesmalenounsorpronounsinreferringtounspecifiedindividuals.(隨著越來越多的女性進(jìn)入傳統(tǒng)的男性主導(dǎo)的領(lǐng)域并作出重大貢獻(xiàn),女性在科學(xué)亞文化中的作用日益增強(qiáng),這不是一個獨(dú)特的事件,而是社會各方面明顯的趨勢的一部分。然而,在討論這些變化和貢獻(xiàn)時,我們面臨著一種有點(diǎn)性別歧視的語言,一種使用男性名詞或代詞來指代未指明的個人)可知D選項(xiàng)“男性名詞或代詞不應(yīng)用于指科學(xué)家”符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。文章首段提出科學(xué)是我們文化的重大主題;第二段指出本書的讀者對象;第三段指出科學(xué)界存在的語言性別歧視;最后一段指出本書有娛樂性和知識性。因此可以推測這篇文章是一本書的序言,選B。

9.單選題

Formorethantwodecades,U.S.courtshavebeenlimitingaffirmative-actionprogramsinuniversitiesandotherareas.Thelegalrationaleisthatracialpreferencesareunconstitutional,eventhoseintendedtocompensateforracismorintolerance.Formanycolleges,thismeansstudentscanbeadmittedonlyonmerit,notontheirraceorethnicity.IthasbeenadivisiveissueacrosstheU.S.,aseducatorsblametheprolongedreactiontoaffirmative-actionfordeclinesinminorityadmissions.Meanwhile,activistscontinuetobattleracepreferencesincourtsfromMichigantoNorthCarolina.

Now,chiefexecutivesofabouttwodozencompanieshavedecidedtoplungeheadfirstintothispoliticallyunsettleddebate.They,togetherwith36universitiesand7nonprofitableorganizations,formedaforumthatsetforthanactionplanessentiallydesignedtohelpcollegescircumventcourt-imposedrestrictionsonaffirmativeaction.TheCEOs’motive:“Ouraudienceisgrowingmorediverse,sothecommunitiesweservebenefitifouremployeesareraciallyandethnicallydiverseaswell”,saysoneCEOofacompangthatownsninetelevisionstations.

Amongthestepstheforumispushing:findingcreativeyetlegalwaystoboostminorityenrollmentthroughnewadmissionspolicies;promotingadmissionsdecisionsthatlookatmorethantestscores;andencouraginguniversitiestostepuptheirminorityoutreachandfinancialaid.Andtocounteraccusationsbycriticstochallengethesetacticsincourt,thegroupsaysitwillgivelegalassistancetocollegessuedfortryingthem.“Diversitydiminishedbythecourtmustbemadeupforinotherlegitimate,legalways,”says,aforummember.

Oneofthemorecontroversialmethodsadvocatedistheso-called10%rule.Theideaisforpublicuniversities—whicheducatethree-quartersofallU.S.undergraduates—toadmitstudentswhoareinthetop10%oftheirhighschoolgraduatingclass.Doingsoallowscollegestotakeminoritieswhoexcelinaverageurbanschools,eveniftheywouldn’thavemadethecutunderthecurrentstatewiderankingmanyuniversitiesuse.

46.U.S.courtrestrictionsonaffirmativeactionsignifiesthat___.

47.WhathasbeenadivisiveissueacrosstheUnitedStates?

48.CEOsofbigcompaniesdecidedtohelpcollegesenrollmoreminoritystudentsbecausethey___.

49.Themajortactictheforumusesisto___.

50.Ifthe10%ruleisapplied,___.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.minoritiesnolongerholdtheoncefavoredstatus

B.thequalityofAmericancollegeshasimproved

C.racialpreferenceshasreplacedracialprejudice

D.theminorityisonanequalfootingwiththemajority

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Whetheraffirmativeactionshouldcontinuetoexist.

B.Whetherthislawishelpingminoritiesorthewhitemajority.

C.WhetherracismexistsinAmericancollegeadmission.

D.Whetherracialintoleranceshouldbepunished.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thinkitwrongtodeprivetheminoritiesoftheirrightstoreceiveeducation

B.wanttoconservethefinecharacteristicsofAmericannation

C.wantaworkforcethatreflectsthediversityoftheircustomers

D.thinkittheirdutytohelpdevelopeducationofthecountry

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.battletheracialpreferencesincourt

B.supportcollegesinvolvedinlawsuitsofracism

C.strivetosettlethispoliticaldebatenationwide

D.findlegallyviablewaystoensureminorityadmissions

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thebestwhitehighschoolstudentscangetintocolleges

B.publicuniversitiescangetexcellentstudents

C.studentsfrompoorruralfamiliescangotocolleges

D.goodminoritystudentscangetintopublicuniversities

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】46.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段Formorethantwodecades,U.S.courtshavebeenlimitingaffirmative-actionprogramsinuniversitiesandotherareas.Thelegalrationaleisthatracialpreferencesareunconstitutional,eventhoseintendedtocompensateforracismorintolerance.Formanycolleges,thismeansstudentscanbeadmittedonlyonmerit,notontheirraceorethnicity.(二十多年來,美國法院一直在限制大學(xué)和其他領(lǐng)域的平權(quán)行動項(xiàng)目。法律依據(jù)是,種族優(yōu)待是違憲的,即使是那些旨在補(bǔ)償種族主義或不容忍的優(yōu)待。對于許多大學(xué)來說,這意味著學(xué)生只能被錄取,而不是根據(jù)他們的種族或民族)可知少數(shù)民族之前能因?yàn)樽约旱姆N族在錄取方面受到優(yōu)待,但是平權(quán)行動被限制之后少數(shù)民族的優(yōu)待減少,選A選項(xiàng)“少數(shù)民族不再擁有曾經(jīng)受到優(yōu)待的地位”;B選項(xiàng)“美國大學(xué)的質(zhì)量已經(jīng)提高了”和D選項(xiàng)“少數(shù)民族與多數(shù)民族地位平等”原文未提及,排除;第一段末尾Meanwhile,activistscontinuetobattleracepreferencesincourtsfromMichigantoNorthCarolina.(與此同時,從密歇根州到北卡羅來納州,活動人士繼續(xù)在法庭上反對種族偏好)可知種族偏好被反對,但是無法判斷出種族偏好取代了種族偏見,C選項(xiàng)“種族偏好取代了種族偏見”不符合原文。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

47.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段IthasbeenadivisiveissueacrosstheU.S.(這在美國各地一直是一個引起分歧的問題),根據(jù)本段可知這里的it指代的是前文所提到的Formorethantwodecades,U.S.courtshavebeenlimitingaffirmative-actionprogramsinuniversitiesandotherareas.(二十多年來,美國法院一直在限制大學(xué)和其他領(lǐng)域的平權(quán)行動項(xiàng)目)這一個限制平權(quán)行動,可知存在的爭議問題是是否應(yīng)該限制平權(quán)行動,而不是平權(quán)行動是否應(yīng)該存在,A選項(xiàng)“平權(quán)行動是否應(yīng)該繼續(xù)存在”不符合原文;根據(jù)原文IthasbeenadivisiveissueacrosstheU.S.,aseducatorsblametheprolongedreactiontoaffirmative-actionfordeclinesinminorityadmissions.(這在美國一直是一個引起分歧的問題,因?yàn)榻逃ぷ髡邔⑸贁?shù)族裔入學(xué)率下降歸咎于對平權(quán)行動的長期反應(yīng))可知as引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語從句解釋說明為什么會產(chǎn)生爭議,是因?yàn)橄拗破綑?quán)活動的這一做法會影響白人和少數(shù)族裔,B選項(xiàng)“這項(xiàng)法律是在幫助少數(shù)民族還是白人多數(shù)民族”符合,雖然B選項(xiàng)沒有直接在原文出現(xiàn),但是原文隱藏的邏輯關(guān)系為限制平權(quán)活動到底是在幫助少數(shù)民族還是白人多數(shù)民族,對雙方產(chǎn)生的究竟是積極的影響還是消極的影響;C選項(xiàng)“美國大學(xué)錄取是否存在種族歧視”和D選項(xiàng)“種族不容忍是否應(yīng)該受到懲罰”原文未涉及,排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

48.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“CEOsofbigcompanies”定位到原文第二段末尾TheCEOs’motive:“Ouraudienceisgrowingmorediverse,sothecommunitiesweservebenefitifouremployeesareraciallyandethnicallydiverseaswell”,saysoneCEOofacompangthatownsninetelevisionstations.(首

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