考研考博-英語-南通理工學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南通理工學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thepolicechiefannouncedthatthedeathsoftwoyounggirlswouldsoonbeinquired（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.about

B.of

C.into

D.after

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。inquireabout“詢問；查問；打聽”；inquireof“詢問；打聽”inquireinto“調(diào)查；追究”；inquireafter“問候；詢問起”。句意：警察局長宣布著兩位年輕女孩的死因?qū)ⅠR上被調(diào)查。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.案例題

Learningshouldn'tbelimitedtoacampusoraclassroomanyone.Ifyouhavetwochildrenandajob,you'rejustnotgoingto（1）ittoacollegeclassroomthreenightsaweek.Andthenthere'stheissueofcost.Ifyoudon'thavethemoneytogotoa（2）college,doesthatmeanthatyoushouldn'treceiveaneducation?Ofcoursenot.Youshouldhaveashotatthegoodlife,justlikeanybodyelse.

TheInternethasbrought（3）toeducation.Abachelor'sdegreeoramatter'sdegreeisnowavailabletoanybody,anywhere,regardlessofaperson'spositioninlife.ThankstotheInternet,educationisaccessiblewithoutregardto（4）.Youcanworktowardabachelor'sdegreewhileservingyourcountyonasubmarine.Andifsaccessiblewithoutregardtotime：Youcantakecoursesafteryourshiftends,evenifthat'sat2A.m.

What'sthe（5）obstacletoonlinelearning?Itisn'ttechnology.Companiesarespendingbillionofdollarsgloballytobuildanonline-learninginfrastructurethatincludesunderseacables.Andcompetitionamongprovidersisdrivingpricedown.Therealbottleneckiscultural.Whatneedstobe（6）isresistancetotheideaofonlinelearning.

TheaccreditationofJonesInternationalUniversityinMarch1999wasashotheardaroundtheworldNobody（7）thatatotallyonlineuniversitycouldbecomeaccrediteD.ThatevenhasputrealpressureontraditionalinstitutionstomoveintotheThirdWave.

Innovativeinstructorsatinstitutionsworldwidearediscoveringthepotentialofthe（8）environmenttodeliverinstructionofthehighestqualitytopeoplewhowouldotherwisehavelimited（9）tohighereducation.Thisisanexcitingandchallengingtimeineducation.

Simplydefined,onlineeducationreferstocourses（10）viatheInternet.Theminimumrequirementforstudentstoparticipateinanonlinecourseisaccesstoacomputer,theInternet,and（11）tosucceedinanontraditionalclassroom,Onlinelearningsystemshave（12）thewaypeoplecantakeclasses.Unliketraditionalcoursesinwhichthestudentsandinstructormeetface-to-faceonceorseveraltimesaweek,mostofthelearningactivitiesandcommunicationinanonlinecourseareasynchronous,meaningthatclassmembersparticipateinandcompletetheirassignmentat（13）timesthroughoutthedayandweek.Thisarrangementcanmakeitpossibleforyoutodoyourclassworkwhenit'smostconvenientforyou.However,withthisincreasedfreedomand（14）comesresponsibility.Withoutthestructureof（15）classmeeting,itwillbeuptoyoutopaceyourselfandkeepupwithassignments.

Directions:Chooseoneappropriatewordfromthefollowingwordbanktofillintheblanksnumberedfrom1to15inthepassagebelow,Changethewordformwherenecessary.Rememberthebankcontainssomeextrawordsthatmaynotbeusedinfillinganyoftheblanks.WritethewordsintheircorrectformswiththecorrespondingnumbersontheAnswerSheet.

democracy

imagination

different

flexibility

overcome

online

offer

traditional

modern

regular

make

possess

place

perform

big

motivate

anticipate

access

revolutionize

difficult

【答案】1.make

2.traditional

3.democracy

4.place

5.biggest

6.overcome

7.anticipated

8.online

9.access

10.offered

11.motive

12.revolutionized

13.different

14.flexibility

15.regular

【解析】1.makeitto為固定搭配，意為“趕上，到達(dá)”。句意:如果你有兩個(gè)孩子和一份工作,那么你不可能趕上每周三個(gè)晚上的大學(xué)課程。

2.填空處需填入形容詞修飾大學(xué),結(jié)合選項(xiàng)和句意可知，traditional更符合原文語境。

3.根據(jù)下文：現(xiàn)在，任何人、任何地方都可以獲得學(xué)士學(xué)位或某一學(xué)科的學(xué)位，無論他的人生地位如何。所以這里應(yīng)該指網(wǎng)絡(luò)帶來了教育的民主性。

4.根據(jù)下文：你可以在潛艇上服役的同時(shí)攻讀學(xué)士學(xué)位。說明不限制地點(diǎn)，這與下文的不限制時(shí)間一樣，都是列舉出例子。所以這里應(yīng)填入place。

5.這里指：網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)最大的障礙是什么呢？

6.既然是障礙，當(dāng)然需要克服它。句意:人們需要克服的是,抵制網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)這種思想。

7.根據(jù)句意:沒有人預(yù)料到一個(gè)完全在線的大學(xué)居然能夠獲得認(rèn)可。

8.既然是網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)校，當(dāng)然是網(wǎng)上授課的教學(xué)環(huán)境。所以這里填入online。

9.根據(jù)句意：世界各地教育機(jī)構(gòu)的創(chuàng)新導(dǎo)師正在發(fā)現(xiàn)，在線環(huán)境有潛力為那些原本接受高等教育機(jī)會(huì)有限的人提供最高質(zhì)量的教學(xué)。accessto指接近，有權(quán)利使用。符合原文句意。

10.句意:簡單地說，在線教育是指通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)提供的課程。課程是被提供，所以這里應(yīng)填入offered。

11.句意：學(xué)生參加在線課程的最低要求是能夠接觸電腦、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，以及在非傳統(tǒng)課堂上取得成功的。也就是說要達(dá)到成功的目的，所以這里填入motive恰當(dāng)。

12.句意：網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)徹底改變了人們上課接受知識的方式。

13.句意：與傳統(tǒng)的每周一次或幾次面對面授課的課程不同，在線課程中的學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)和交流大多是不同步的，即班級成員在一天或一周的時(shí)間上課和完成作業(yè)。既然是不同步的，當(dāng)然也是在不同的時(shí)間上課和完成作業(yè)，所以這里填入different。

14.根據(jù)句意和句中的and可知，填空處應(yīng)填入與自由意思相近的名詞，選項(xiàng)中只有flexibility最恰當(dāng)。

15.根據(jù)下文的uptoyou可推測，上一句是指沒有定期的班會(huì)了。所以這里填入regular。

3.單選題

Inthelatetwentiethcentury,onemoresymbolicidealofmanhoodhademerged,the“spiritualwarrior”.ConjuredupintheteachingofRobertBlyandotherleadersofthemythopoeticmen’smovement,thisidealwasbornofdissatisfactionwiththeotheridealsandimagesofmenthathaverecentlydominatedAmericanculture.Itgrowsfromadirect,consciousfocusonthepassionsthatitsadvocatesassumearenaturallymale.Thespiritualwarriorbelieveshehaslosttouchwiththosepassionsandlosthisabilitytoconnectdirectlywithothermen.Intheprocess,hehasbeenpreventedfromfulfillinghisdeepestspiritualneedsaswell.

Thisunderstandingofmanhoodappealsintenselytomanymenbecauseofitsfocusonfatherhood.Blyandotherslamentthegrowingdistancebetweenfathersandsonsinthemodernworld.Theteachersofthespiritualwarrioridealseethediscriminationofsonsfromtheirfathersrepeatingitselfinthedisconnectionofmenfrompassion,fromthespirit,fromtheirfellowmen.Herebeginsastrikingseriesofparallelswiththemovementtowardprimitivemasculinityattheturnofthetwentiethcentury.Forthespokesmenofthatmovementvoicedthesameconcernsabouttheabsenceoffathersthatmenarevoicingtoday.Theyalsoexpressedthesameanxietyaboutthedangersofaboylearninghisvisionofmanhoodthroughtheeyesofmothersandotherwomen.

Thereisoneimportanttraitthatallfouridealsshare.Eachofthemsignifiesaturningawayfromwomen.Theidealofthespiritualwarriorrepresentsaritualquestformanhoodinanall-malesetting.Theidealofthepleasureseekermaytreatwomenasobjectsofpleasureorasaccessorycompanionsinhispursuitofenjoyment,butconsidersthemlargelyirrelevanttothefulfillmentofyearnings.Theidealoftheexistentialheroendorsesseparationfromtheconfinementofcivilizationandthehalterofpermanent,personalcommitmentand,givenourculturalassociationsbetweenwomenandthebondsofcivilization,itisnosurprisethatadherentsofthisidealviewwomen’sworldwithsuspicion.

Theworldoftheteamplayerislessintrinsicallyexclusiveofwomenthanthatoftheotherideals.Pristineinitsblindnesstopersonalhistory,thegreatcontestforsuccessistechnicallyopentoanyonewhocanplayandwinaccordingtoitscompetitiverules.Aswehaveseenhistorically,however,themiddle-classmaleworkplacewasconstructedbymenaccordingtosharedmalevaluesandcustomsthatareculturallyalientowomen.Inrecentyears,womenhavemadestatisticalinroadsintheworldoftheteamplayer,butasyetthereislittlechangeculturallyorstatistically—atthelevelwheremostpoweriswielded.Inreality,theidealoftheteamplayerpositsaworldwherewomenhavedifficultysurvivingeventhoughtheyarenotexplicitlyforbiddentoenter.

Americansareoftenproudthattheydiscountthesignificanceofculturaldifferences:“Weareallindividuals,”manypeopleboast.Ignoringsuchissuesasgenderandethnicitybecomesasourceofpride:“Itreateveryonethesame.”Buttreatingpeoplethesameisnotequaltreatmentiftheyarenotthesame.

1.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,aspiritualwarrior（）.

2.Theword“accessory”(paragraph3)mustprobablymean“”（）”.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthefouridealsistrue?

4.Theauthorseemstoimplythat（）.

5.Inwritingthisarticle,theauthor（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.istheprototypeofthosewhowereonthequestforprimitivemasculinityattheturnofthe20thcentury

B.isbroughtupbythemotherinsteadofbythefather

C.ispassionateanddissatisfiedwiththefather’srole

D.longsforspiritualfulfillment.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.chief

B.subordinate

C.necessary

D.perfect

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theworldofpleasureseekeristhemostfriendlytowomen

B.Existentialheroesdoubtwhetherwomencouldberegardedaspartofourcivilization.

C.Theteamplayerscanbethoughtofascomparativelymoreopen-mindedtowardwomenthantheotherthreeidealsofman

D.Theteamplayersarethemostpowerfulofallthefouridealsofman.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thefouridealsofmanhoodareproductsofaconfiningsociety

B.thequestforfatherhoodissharedbythefoursymbolicidealsofman

C.womenarepersecutedinamale-dominatedsociety

D.womenareassociatedwithrestrictioninourculture

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.severelyattackstheinjusticedonetowomenbythemalechauvinist

B.praisesspiritualwarriorsfortheirenthusiasticspiritualpursuit

C.expresseshisdoubtastothevalidityoftheconceptofequalsociety

D.condemnstherestrictiveforcesinamale-dominatedsociety

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:是那些在20世紀(jì)初尋求原始男子氣概形象的原型。第二段指出:Herebeginsastrikingseriesofparallelswiththemovementtowardprimitivemasculinityattheturnofthetwentiethcentury(這里出現(xiàn)了一系列與二十世紀(jì)初期的原始男子氣概運(yùn)動(dòng)相同點(diǎn))。因此A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。B:由母親而不是父親撫養(yǎng)長大。C:熱情充溢，對父親的角色不滿。D:渴望精神上的滿足。第一段指出:…thisidealwasbornofdissatisfactionwiththeotheridealsandimagesofmenthathaverecentlydominatedAmericanculture(這一形象根源于對在美國文化中占支配地位的其他男性形象的不滿)。以及:Itgrowsfromadirect，consciousfocusonthepassionsthatitsadvocatesassumearenaturallymale(它由直接地、有意識地專注于一種激情發(fā)展而來，這種激情被擁護(hù)者稱為男性天生的激情)。由此可知精神勇士的形象是源自一種激情和對男性形象的不滿，因此C項(xiàng)正確，B項(xiàng)跟D項(xiàng)不符合文章所述。

第2題:詞義題。根據(jù)“butconsidersthemlargelyirrelevanttothefulfillmentofyearnings(但是認(rèn)為她們與滿足自己欲望毫無關(guān)聯(lián))”推斷asaccessorycompanionsinhispursuitofenjoyment指的是“在追尋享樂的過程中一個(gè)可有可無的、附屬的同伴”，因此選B項(xiàng)“從屬的，附屬的”。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出:Theworldoftheteamplayerislessintrinsicallyexclusiveofwomenthanthatoftheotherideals(相比其他幾種形象，具有團(tuán)隊(duì)精神的人的世界本質(zhì)上沒有那么排斥女性)，因此C項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。第三段指出:Theidealoftheexistentialheroendorsesseparationfromtheconfinementofcivilizationandthehalterofpermanent,personalcommitment—and,givenourculturalassociationsbetweenwomenandthebondsofcivilization(存在主義英雄的形象支持從文明社會(huì)的限制中和對永恒以及個(gè)人承諾的束縛中解脫出來，并將女性和文明社會(huì)的約束之間的聯(lián)系賦予到文化當(dāng)中)。由此推斷D項(xiàng)“女性是和文明社會(huì)的約束聯(lián)系在一起的”正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。最后一段指出:Ignoringsuchissuesasgenderandethnicitybecomesasourceofpride:“Itreateveryonethesame.”Buttreatingpeoplethesameisnotequaltreatmentiftheyarenotthesame(對性別和種族問題的忽視成了‘我們對待所有人都是平等的’這一自豪感的來源。但是當(dāng)人與人之間本來就存在差異的時(shí)候，一視同仁反而不能代表平等公平)。由此可看出作者對于美國社會(huì)現(xiàn)存的人人平等的觀念是否真正能夠代表平等公平持懷疑態(tài)度，故選C。

4.單選題

Thestorywassaidto______ontheinformationfromareliablesource.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beingbased

B.havebeenbased

C.base

D.bebased

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.beingbased被根據(jù)B.havebeenbased被根據(jù)

C.base根據(jù)D.bebased被根據(jù)

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)。

【解題思路】Besaidtodosth.是固定搭配，表示“據(jù)說……”，所以空格處的動(dòng)詞要用原形；主句的謂語動(dòng)詞為一般過去時(shí)wassaid，而base這個(gè)動(dòng)作應(yīng)該是發(fā)生在wassaid之前，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)不符合固定搭配；

C、D項(xiàng)不符合時(shí)態(tài)。

【句意】據(jù)說這篇報(bào)道是根據(jù)可靠的消息來源寫成的。

5.單選題

InNovember1970YukioMishima,togetherwithsomeofhisfanaticalfollowersfromtheultranationalisticShieldSocietywhichhehadfoundedin1966,brokeintotheheadquartersofJapan’sEasternDefenseForcesarmedwithswordsanddaggers,overpoweredsomeaides,tiedupthecommandinggeneral,anddemandedthatthetroopsbeassembledtohearaspeech.Mishimaaddressedthetroopsfortenminutes,incitingthemtorebelagainsttheconstitutionalgovernmentimposedbytheUnitedStatesthathad,inhiswords,“turnedJapanspineless”.Receivingonlyridiculeinresponse,hereturnedtothegeneral’sofficeandthere,beforethegeneral’sunbelievingeyes,proceededtokillhimselfinstrictaccordancewiththetraditionalsamurairitualofseppuku.AfterMishimahaddrivenadaggerdeepintohisleftabdomen,oneofhisaidesseveredhisheadwithasword.Theaidelikewisekilledhimselfandwasbeheaded;theotherssurrendered.

In1936therehadbeenasimilarrevoltand,thoughequallyunsuccessful,ithadforeshadowedtherepressiveregimeofGeneralTojothatwastostagetheattackonPearlHarborin1941.ThatearlierrevoltistheonereferredtoinPatriotism,oneofMishima’smostpowerfulstories.Herelifeandfictionbecomejoined.TheactofseppukuwasforMishimaafulfillment,“theultimatedreamofmylife.”Bornofanancientsamuraifamily,helongedtodieahero’sdeathinaccordancewiththeancientsamuraicode;buthisweakbodykepthimfromserviceinthewar,andhehadtocompensatethroughbodybuilding(hebecameexpertatkarateandkendo)and,mostimportant,throughthedisciplineofwriting.Inhisshortlifetimeheturnedouttwentynovels,thirtyplays,manyessays,andmorethaneightystories:healsoproduced,directed,andactedinmovies,andevensangonstage.Hisfirstbookofstories,AForestinFlower,appearedin1943,butitwasConfessionofaMask(1948),dealingwiththemeditationsofayoungmanofhomosexualleaningsinarepressivesociety,thatbroughthimfame.

Mishimahasbeencalled“Japan’sHemingway,”whileothershavecomparedhimto“aesthetic”writerslikeWalterPeterandOscarWilde.

1.Thearticleimpliesthat（）.

2.TheaimoftherebelledbyMishimawas（）.

3.Inthe1970rebel,thespeechmadebyMishima（）.

4.Whatistrueaccordingtothearticle?

5.Mishimabecameawell-knownwriterafterhehad（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Mishimarefusedtojointhearmywhenhewasyoung

B.Mishimahasbeenregardedasalunaticwriter

C.Mishimaisapersonwhoishardtodefine

D.criticsallagreethatMishimaisanaestheticwriter

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.tocapturethecommandinggeneral

B.tourgethegovernmenttodeclareawaragainstAmerica

C.toincitethesoldierstorebelagainsttheconstitutionalgovernment

D.toforcetheEmperortogiveupthethrone

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.waswellreceivedbythesoldiers

B.waslaughedatbythesoldiers

C.impressedthecommandinggeneral

D.leftadeepimpressiontothesoldiers

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ThegeneralknewthatMishimahadlongedtodieahero’sdeath.

B.ThegeneralwasgreatlytakenabackbyMishima’ssuicideattempt.

C.SomesoldierssurrenderedafterMishima,sspeech.

D.OneofMishima’saideswaskilledbythesoldiers.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.written“Patriotism,”oneofhismostpowerfulstories

B.writteneightyshortstories

C.published“AForestinFlower”

D.published“ConfessionofaMask”

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是講YukioMishima的生平，選項(xiàng)A與原文不符；選項(xiàng)B和D太片面，選項(xiàng)C更準(zhǔn)確，所以本題選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“rebel”定位到第一段“Mishimaaddressedthetroopsfortenminutes,incitingthemtorebelagainsttheconstitutionalgovernmentimposedbytheUnitedStates...”Mishima向軍隊(duì)發(fā)表了十分鐘的演講，煽動(dòng)他們反抗美國強(qiáng)加給他們的立憲政府。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段“Receivingonlyridiculeinresponse”可知Mishima發(fā)表演講后只得到嘲笑的回應(yīng)，選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“TheactofseppukuwasforMishimaafulfillment,‘theultimatedreamofmylife.’”切腹自盡對Mishima來說是一種實(shí)現(xiàn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)的是他“生命中的終極夢想”。也就是說他渴望像英雄一樣死去，選項(xiàng)A正確。選項(xiàng)B在文中沒有提及；選項(xiàng)C,D均與原文不符。所以本題選A。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“...butitwasConfessionofaMask(1948),...,thatbroughthimfame.”可知選項(xiàng)D正確。

6.單選題

Theseillegalimmigrantshavetoworklonghoursadaydespitetheappallingworkingconditions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bewildering

B.exasperating

C.dismaying

D.upsetting

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:盡管工作環(huán)境惡劣，但是這些非法移民者每天必須工作數(shù)小時(shí)。

bewildering使人困惑的;exasperating惹人生氣的。Dismaying使人驚恐的，使焦急的;upsetting令人心煩意亂的，令人苦惱的。Appaling令人震驚的，低劣得不像話的。故選C。

7.單選題

Theword“sophism”hasanunfavorableconnotationandmeansarguingdeceitfully,attemptingtoturnapoorcaseintoagoodonebymeansofcleverbut______reasoning.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.implacable

B.queer

C.fictitious

D.specious

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)implacable“不能安撫的，難和解的”，B項(xiàng)queer“奇怪的，異常的”，C項(xiàng)fictitious“虛構(gòu)的，假想的”，D項(xiàng)specious“似是而非的，外表美觀的”。由meansarguingdeceitfully（意思是欺騙性地辯論）和turnapoorcaseintoagoodonebymeansofcleverbut______reasoning（通過聰明但______的推理把一個(gè)糟糕的案例變成一個(gè)好案例）可知，空格處填入D項(xiàng)符合。句意：“詭辯”這個(gè)詞有一個(gè)不利的含義，意思是欺騙性地辯論，試圖通過聰明但似是而非的推理把一個(gè)糟糕的案例變成一個(gè)好案例。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

8.單選題

Ineducation,thereshouldbeagood（）amongthebranchesofknowledgethatcontributetoeffectivethinkingandwisejudgment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.balance

B.distribution

C.combination

D.spread

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)balance“平衡”；B選項(xiàng)distribution“分布，分配”；C選項(xiàng)combination“結(jié)合，組合”；D選項(xiàng)spread“傳播，伸展”。句意：在教育中，幫助養(yǎng)成有效思考與明智判斷的學(xué)科之間應(yīng)該有一個(gè)很好的_____。而根據(jù)句中“學(xué)科之間”這一關(guān)鍵詞，可以判斷出應(yīng)該是在強(qiáng)調(diào)要一個(gè)“好的平衡”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

9.單選題

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusicandbypsychologistsand“human-relation”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppets(木偶)whodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkersandemployeesareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagain—bypsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorscreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortothe19th-century“free-enterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofloveandofreason一aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasameanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis（

）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat（

）.

3.Thosewhoareonthehighersocialladderwouldfeelmorepeacefulandsecureiftheycould（

）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbebestsummarizedasoneofthe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly

B.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual’sfunctionisnegligible

C.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

D.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

B.theyaredeprivedoftheirindependenceandproductivity

C.theyarelikelytolosetheirsatisfactoryjobs

D.theyarefartherawayfromgenuinelife

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.gethighersalaryandmoreself-respect

B.havemorechancetobefurtherpromoted

C.provebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

D.keepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

B.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.tolerance.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)第一段“...yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless...”,由此推斷，作者將人比喻成機(jī)械中運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好的齒輪，實(shí)則是想表明人們相對于社會(huì)中其他部分來說已經(jīng)變得不那么重要了。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，工人和雇員們焦慮不僅是因?yàn)樗麄兛赡苊媾R著失業(yè)，他們焦慮也是因?yàn)樗麄儾荒塬@得任何真正的滿足和對生活的興趣，但是真正的原因還是第二段的最后一句，作為情感和智力獨(dú)立和有生產(chǎn)力的人，他們終生無法面對人類生存的基本現(xiàn)實(shí)。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，社會(huì)地位較高的人同樣也會(huì)感到焦慮，他們在某些方面甚至更不安全,他們一直處于激烈的競爭中。不斷證明自己和競爭對手一樣優(yōu)秀或比他們更優(yōu)秀，造成了不斷的焦慮和壓力，而這些正是不快樂和疾病的根源。由此可以推測，如果能遠(yuǎn)離這個(gè)這個(gè)競爭激烈的世界，他們才會(huì)覺得安寧。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，作者建議將官僚主義的工業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐匀藶楸镜墓I(yè)主義，使人能充分發(fā)揮它的潛力。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在的工業(yè)主義使人喪失了其在社會(huì)中應(yīng)發(fā)揮的重要作用，最后一段提到了作者建議將工業(yè)主義轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N以人為本的工業(yè)主義,所以作者對待工業(yè)主義的態(tài)度是不滿的。選項(xiàng)B正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

10.翻譯題

1.Britainalmostmorethananyothercountryintheworldmostseriouslyfacetheproblemofbuildingupwards,thatistosay,ofaccommodatingaconsiderableproportionofitspopulationinhighblocksofflats.

2.ItissaidthattheEnglishmanobjectstothistypeofexistence,butifthecaseissuch,hedoesinfactdifferfromtheinhabitantsofmostcountriesoftheworldtoday.

3.Inthepastourownblocksofflatshavebeenassociatedwiththelower-incomegroupsandtheyhavelackedtheobviousprovisions,suchascentralheating,constanthotwatersupply,electricallyoperatedliftsfrombottomtothetop,andsoon,aswellassuchdetailsaseasyfacilitiesfordisposalofdustandrubbishandstorageplacesforbabycarriagesinthegroundfloor,playgroundsforchildrenonthetopofthebuildings,anddryinggroundsforwashing.

4.Itislikelythatthedisputeregardingflatsversus(對，對抗)individualhouseswillcontinuetorageonforalongtimeasfarasBritainisconcerned.

5.Thosewhoopposethebuildingofflatsbasetheircaseprimarilyontheassumptionthateveryoneprefersanindividualhomeandgarden.Theyalsoignorethehighercostofprovidingfullservicestoascatteredcommunityandthecostinbothmoneyandtimeofthejourneystowork.

【答案】1.英國幾乎比世界上其他任何國家都更加需要嚴(yán)肅對待建筑物向高空發(fā)展的問題，也就是說，要在很高的公寓樓里面容納下人口總數(shù)的一大部分的問題。

2.據(jù)說英國人反對這種居住方式，但是倘若情況如此的話，那么英國人確實(shí)不同于今天世界上大多數(shù)國家的居民。

3.過去，我們的住宅小區(qū)和低收入人群相聯(lián)系，它們?nèi)狈σ恍┍仨氃O(shè)施，比如中央供暖設(shè)備、穩(wěn)定的熱水供應(yīng)、貫通上下的電梯等等。還有一些細(xì)節(jié)之處，如灰塵和垃圾的簡單處理設(shè)施，一樓的嬰兒車存放處，樓頂?shù)膬和螛穲?，以及衣服的晾曬場地?/p>

4.就英國而言，關(guān)于公寓與私人住宅的爭論很可能會(huì)持續(xù)很長一段時(shí)間。

5.那些反對建公寓的人所根據(jù)的主要理由是，他們認(rèn)為每個(gè)人都想擁有單獨(dú)的住宅和花園。他們還忽視了為分散的社區(qū)提供全面服務(wù)的較高成本，以及上班路上的金錢和時(shí)間成本。

11.單選題

Thegovernmentistryingtohelptheseenterprisesoutofthe（）byvariousmeans.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.flight

B.plight

C.delight

D.twilight

【答案】B

【解析】近義詞辨析。flight航班，航機(jī)；plight境況，困境；delight高興，快樂；twilight黃昏，黎明。plight放在此處比較適合,outoftheplight意為“走出困境”。

12.填空題

Onourcyclingtourwemanagedtocoveranaverage（1）ofabout25kilometers（2）day.

【答案】1.distance;

2.a/per

【解析】1.語義題。由后面的about25kilometers推測此處填distance。

2.語法分析。第二空填冠詞a或介詞per合適。

13.單選題

Endangeredspeciesareplantsandanimalsthatareinimmediatedangerofextinction.Extinctionisactuallyanormalprocessinthecourseofevolution.Sincetheformationoftheearth,manymorespecieshavebecomeextinctthanthoseexisttoday.Thesespeciesslowlydisappearedbecauseofchangesofclimateandtheirfailuretoadapttosuchconditionsascompetitionandpredation（捕食）.Sincethe1600s,however,theprocessofextinctionhasgreatlyacceleratedasaresultofbothhumanpopulationgrowthandtechnologicalencroachment（侵犯）onnaturalecologysystems.Todaythemajorityoftheworld’senvironmentsarechangingfasterthantheabilityofmostspeciestoadapttosuchchangesthroughnaturalselection.

Speciesbecomeextinctorendangeredforanumberofreasons,buttheprimarycauseisthedestructionofnaturalhabitats（棲息地）.Drainageofwetlands（沼澤地），cuttingandclearingofforests,growthofcities,andhighwayanddamconstructionhaveseriouslyreducedavailablenaturalhabitats.Asthevarioussurroundingsbecomefragments,theremaininganimalpopulationscrowdintosmallerareas,causingfurtherdestructionofnaturalsurroundings.Speciesinthesesmallislandslosecontactwithotherpopulationsoftheirownkind,thusreducingtheirgeneticvariationandmakingthemlessadaptabletoenvironmentchanges.

Sincethe1600s,commercialexploitationofanimalsforfoodandotherproductshascausedmanyspeciestobecomeextinctorendangered.Introduceddiseasesandparasiteshavealsogreatlyreducedsomespecies.Pollutionisanotherimportantcauseoftheirextinction.

Someprivateandgovernmentaleffortshavebeenorganizedtosavedecliningspecies.Lawsweremadeinsomecountriesintheearly1900stoprotectwildanimalsfromcommercialtradeandkilling.InternationalendeavorsareshownintheConventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpecies,approvedby51nations.Itspurposeistorestrictexploitationofwildanimalsandplantsbyregulatingandrestrictingtradeincertainspecies.Howeffectivesuchlawswillbeinvariouscountries,however,dependsonenforcement（實(shí)施）andsupportbythepeopleandthecourts.Becauseofalackoflawenforcement,thewillingnessofsomesegmentsofsocietytotradeinendangeredspecies,theactivitiesofpeoplewhocatchandkillanimalsillegallyanddealerswhosupplythetrade,thefutureofmanyspeciesisindoubtinspiteoflegalprotection.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantfactorcausingtherapidextinctionofmanspeciessincethe17thcentury?

2.Inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraph,theword“islands”refersto_______.

3.Thispassagementionsallofthefollowingreasonsthatcausetheextinctionofmanspeciesexcept______.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingismostimportantinsavingdecliningspecies?

5.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheprospectofprotectingendangeredspeciesfrombeingextinct?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Humanbeingsarenotawareoftheimportanceof