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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廈門安防科技職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Insomecountriescustomersdon’tpay(

)fortheservicesinrestaurantsorbarbershops.

問題1選項

A.gratuities

B.stipends

C.bonuses

D.allowances

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。Gratuities“小費,贈品”;stipends“薪水”;bonuses“獎金”;allowances“津貼”。句意:在一些國家,顧客不用為餐館或理發(fā)店的服務(wù)付小費。選項A符合題意。

2.單選題

Theend______themeans.Thissayingimpliesevenawrongorunfairmethodmaybeallowediftheresultorpurposeoftheactionisgood.

問題1選項

A.modifies

B.justifies

C.purifies

D.testifies

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項modifies“稍作修改,使更適合;修飾”;B選項justifies“證明……有理”;C選項purifies“凈化”;D選項testifies“(在法庭上)作證;證實”。句意:結(jié)果______方法。這句話的意思是,如果行為的結(jié)果或目的是好的,即使方法錯誤或不公平也可以被允許。根據(jù)語境,這里指的是結(jié)果會證明方法的合理性,B選項justifies“證明……有理”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

3.單選題

Theapartmenthasbeen(

)sineSmith'smovedout.

問題1選項

A.vacant

B.versatile

C.vacuum

D.vain

【答案】A

【解析】vacant空虛的,空缺的,空閑的;versatile多才多藝的,萬能的;vacuum真空的;vain徒勞的,自負(fù)的。句意:自從Smith搬出去后,那套公寓一直空著。選項A符合句意。

4.單選題

Inthe1950s,thepioneersofartificialintelligence(AI)predictedthat,bytheendofthiscentury,computerswouldbeconversingwithusatworkandrobotswouldbeperformingourhousework.Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.

AgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwherethefieldwentwrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.Manyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventionalcomputerprograms.Ratherthandigitalcomputersandtransistors,somewanttoworkwithbraincellsandproteins.Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield.

Imitatingthebrain'sneural(神經(jīng)的)networkisahugestepintherightdirection,sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConrad,butitstillmissesanimportantaspectofnaturalintelligence.“Peopletendtotreatthebrainasifitweremadeupofcolor-codedtransistors”,heexplains,“butit’snotsimplyaclevernetworkofswitches.Therearelotsofimportantthingsgoingoninsidethebraincellsthemselves.”Specifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain’scapabilitiesstemfromthepattern-recognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills.

Rightnow,thenotionthatconventionalcomputersandsoftwarearefundamentallyincapableofmatchingtheprocessesthattakeplaceinthebrainremainscontroversial.Butifitprovestrue,thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown.

1.Theauthorsaysthatthepowerfulcomputersoftoday(

).

2.Thenewtrendinartificialintelligenceresearchstemsfrom

).

3.ConradandhisgroupofAIresearchershavebeenmakingenormouseffortsto

).

4.What’stheauthor'sopinionaboutthenewAImovement?

5.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothephrase“theonlygameintown”(Line3,Para.4)?

問題1選項

A.arecapableofreliablyrecognizingtheshapeofanobject.

B.areclosetoexhibitinghumanlikebehavior

C.arenotverydifferentintheirperformancefromthoseofthe50s

D.stillcannotcommunicatewithpeopleinahumanlanguage

問題2選項

A.theshiftofthefocusofstudyontotherecognitionoftheshapesofobjects

B.thebeliefthathumanintelligencecannotbeduplicatedwithlogicalstep-by-stepprograms

C.theaspirationsofscientiststoduplicatetheintelligenceofaten-month-oldchild

D.theeffortsmadebyscientistsinthestudyofthesimilaritiesbetweentransistorsandbraincells.

問題3選項

A.findaroundaboutwaytodesignpowerfulcomputers

B.buildacomputerusingaclevernetworkofswitches

C.findouthowintelligencedevelopedinnature

D.separatethehighestandmostabstractlevelsofthought

問題4選項

A.Ithascreatedasensationamongartificialintelligenceresearchersbutwillsoondieout.

B.It'sbreakthroughinduplicatinghumanthoughtprocesses.

C.It'smorelikeapeculiargameratherthanarealscientificeffort.

D.Itmayprovetobeintherightdirectionthoughnobodyissureofitsfutureprospects.

問題5選項

A.Theonlyapproachtobuildinganartificiallyintelligentcomputer.

B.Theonlywayforthemtowinaprizeinartificialintelligenceresearch.

C.Theonlyareaworthstudyingincomputerscience.

D.Theonlygametheywouldliketoplayintown.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第一段最后兩句話提到“盡管電腦很有用,但是它們還不能像早期期待那樣擁有像人類一樣的行為。更不用說像談話這樣復(fù)雜的行為:最厲害的計算機(jī)也很難分辨出圖形,而這還只是一個十個月大的人類嬰兒就能做到的事情”(Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid),由此可知電腦并不會談話,選項D“不能用語言與人類進(jìn)行交流”符合題意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第三段最后兩句話提到“康納德認(rèn)為許多大腦的能力源自于每個腦細(xì)胞的單個分子的模式識別能力。制作人工智能設(shè)備最好的方法是用大致相同的分子技術(shù)”(Specifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain’scapabilitiesstemfromthepattern-recognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills),由此可知選項B“認(rèn)為人工智能不能用一步一步的邏輯來復(fù)制”符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。文章第三段最后兩句話提到“康納德認(rèn)為許多大腦的能力源自于每個腦細(xì)胞的單個分子的模式識別能力。制作人工智能設(shè)備最好的方法是用大致相同的分子技術(shù)”(Specifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain’scapabilitiesstemfromthepattern-recognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills),由此可知選項C“發(fā)現(xiàn)智力在本質(zhì)上是怎么形成的”符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第二段最后一句話提到“早期努力的結(jié)果即充滿希望又很奇特,以自然人工智能為基礎(chǔ)的研究發(fā)展雖然緩慢,但卻成為該領(lǐng)域的前沿”(Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield),由此可知,新人工智能的前景不明確,但是依舊是前沿;以及第三段第一句提到“康納德認(rèn)為計算機(jī)模仿大腦神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)是朝正確方向的一大步”(Imitatingthebrain'sneural(神經(jīng)的)networkisahugestepintherightdirection)。因此選項D“這個方向被證明是對的,雖然沒人能肯定其前景”符合題意。

第5題:推理判斷題。文章第三段最后一句話提到“康拉德宣稱制造人工智能裝置最好的方法是用大致相同的分子技術(shù)”(Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills),選項A符合題意。

5.單選題

Probabilityisthemathematicalstudyofthe()ofanevent’soccurrence.

問題1選項

A.desire

B.likelihood

C.result

D.effect

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項desire“欲望;要求,心愿”;B選項likelihood“可能性,可能”;C選項result“結(jié)果;成績”;D選項effect“影響;效率;作用”。句意:幾率是對一件事發(fā)生的可能性所進(jìn)行的數(shù)學(xué)研究。根據(jù)句中“probability幾率”可知“可能性”符合語境,因此B選項正確。

6.單選題

WhenastronautNeilArmstrongsetfootonthemoonforthefirsttime,onJuly20,1969,itrepresentedoneofthemostinspiringachievementsinman’shistorytomillionsofpeoplethroughouttheworld.ButtoasmallorganizationcalledtheInternationalFlatEarthResearchSociety,itwasnothingmorethanapieceofcleverlystagemanagedscience-fictiontrickery.

AndArmstrong’shistoricwordswhensteppingdownfromtheEaglemodule(宇宙飛船船艙)ontothedustylunarsurfaceabout240,000milesfromearth—“onesmallstepforaman,onegiantleapformankind”—wasaphrasethatcouldhavecomeonlyfromthepenofascriptwriter.

Asforthepicturesreputedly(一般被認(rèn)為地)takeninspaceshowingtheearthtobearotatingsphere,well,theywerejusttooludicrous(可笑的)forwords.Thesun,saytheFlatEarthier,circuitstheearthinsteadoftheearthrevolvingaroundthesun—anotionthatmostpeopletakeforgranted.

Thesociety,whosemembershipiscurrentlyestimatedtobeabout1,400,dismissesmuchofacceptedmodernthinkingabouttheshapeoftheearthassheernonsenseandisconvincedthattheentirehumanraceisbeingsubjectedtothegreatesthoax(騙局)inhistory.

FromitsheadquartersinLancaster,California,thesocietywagesawarofwordsthroughnewslettersandpamphletsagainsttheevilsofscience.

Thesocietywasfoundedabout1800inGreatBritainandtheUnitedStatesand,saysitsAmericanpresidentCharlesJohnson,wasdescendedfromtheZeteticsociety,whichtookitsnamefromanancientGreekphilosophicalschoolofskeptics.Itsurvivedunderthisnameuntil1956,whenitsgeneralsecretary,SamuelShelton,ofKent,England,changedthenametothepresenttitle.

Thesociety’sbeliefisthis:thattheearthisflat,withthelandmassesgroupedaroundthecentralpointoftheNorthPole.

TheAntarcticregionisnotthecompactislandmassitiscommonlybelievedtobebutanimpenetrableice-coldgirdle(環(huán)形物)aroundtheearth.TheFlatEarthierarguethattransantarcticexpeditionshaveneverhappened.Explorers,misledbyinstrumentfaults,merelytraveledanicyarewithinthegirdle.

1.TotheInternationalFlatEarthResearchSociety,man’sfirstlandingonthemoonwas______.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthesociety?

3.Accordingtothesociety’sbelief,______.

4.Whichofthefollowingisanappropriatetitleforthepassage?

5.Thispieceiswritten______.

問題1選項

A.oneofthemostinspiringeventsinman’shistory

B.onlyawell-conductedexperiment

C.justasmartly-performedtrick

D.ascience-fictionpieceproducedbyacertainscriptwriter

問題2選項

A.Itnowhasabout1,400members.

B.ItsheadquartersareinbothGreatBritainandtheUnitedStates.

C.Afteritsfoundationin1800,itwascalledtheZeteticSociety.

D.In1956,SamuelSheltonchangeditsnametothepresenttitle.

問題3選項

A.theearthisflatandtheArcticisanimpenetrableice-coldgirdlearoundtheearth

B.theAntarcticregionisacompactislandmass

C.someexplorershadmadesuccessfultransantarcticexpeditions

D.muchoftheacceptedmodernthinkingabouttheshapeoftheearthissheernonsense

問題4選項

A.TheInternationalFlatEarthResearchSociety

B.Man’sFirstLandingontheMoon

C.TheZeteticSociety

D.TheEvilsofScience

問題5選項

A.inamatter-of-factway

B.inasarcastictone

C.withatouchofirony

D.asajoke

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句ButtoasmallorganizationcalledtheInternationalFlatEarthResearchSociety,itwasnothingmorethanapieceofcleverlystagemanagedscience-fictiontrickery.(但是對一個叫做國際扁平地球研究協(xié)會的小組織來說,這只不過是一個巧妙的舞臺管理的科幻把戲。),說明國際扁平地球研究協(xié)會認(rèn)為人類首次登月是一個巧妙的把戲。因此C選項“只是一個聰明的把戲”正確。A選項“是人類歷史上最鼓舞人心的事件之一”,B選項“只是一個精心設(shè)計的實驗”,D選項“某位編劇制作的科幻作品”均不符合原文,所以A,B,D錯誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項“它現(xiàn)在有大約1400名成員”,由原文Thesociety,whosemembershipiscurrentlyestimatedtobeabout1,400(該學(xué)會目前的會員人數(shù)估計約有1400人)可知,A選項表述正確,排除A。C選項“在1800年成立后,它被稱為探究協(xié)會”,由原文Thesocietywasfoundedabout1800…wasdescendedfromtheZeteticsociety…Itsurvivedunderthisname(該協(xié)會于1800年左右在英國和美國建立……是探究派的后裔……它一直沿用這個名字)可知,C選項表述正確,排除C。D選項“1956年,塞繆爾?謝爾頓將其名稱改為現(xiàn)在的名稱”,由原文until1956,whenitsgeneralsecretary,SamuelShelton,ofKent,England,changedthenametothepresenttitle.(直到1956年,它的秘書長,來自英國肯特郡的塞繆爾?謝爾頓,把這個名字改為現(xiàn)在的名稱。)可知,D選項表述正確,排除D。B選項“它的總部既在英國又在美國”,由原文FromitsheadquartersinLancaster,California(在位于加州蘭開斯特的總部)可知,它的總部在美國,B選項不符合原文,所以本題選B。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段第二句TheFlatEarthierarguethattransantarcticexpeditionshaveneverhappened.(扁平地球論者認(rèn)為穿越南極的探險從未發(fā)生過。),說明該協(xié)會不認(rèn)同地球是一個球體的觀點。因此D選項“關(guān)于地球形狀的許多公認(rèn)的現(xiàn)代思維完全是無稽之談”正確。A選項“地球是平的,北極地區(qū)是圍繞地球的一個不可逾越的冰冷帶”,由原文可知,他們指的是南極地區(qū),所以A錯誤。B選項“南極地區(qū)是一個緊湊的島群”,由原文可知,他們認(rèn)為南極地區(qū)并不像人們通常認(rèn)為的那樣是一個緊湊的島群,所以B錯誤。C選項“一些探險家曾成功地進(jìn)行過跨南極探險”,由原文可知,他們認(rèn)為穿越南極的探險從未發(fā)生過,所以C錯誤。

4.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文可知,文章首先引入了國際扁平地球研究協(xié)會這個組織,接著介紹了他們的一系列觀點。因此A選項“國際扁平地球研究協(xié)會”符合文章主旨,最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。B選項“人類首次登月”,C選項“探究學(xué)會”只涉及到了文章的部分內(nèi)容,不能概括文章主旨,所以B,C錯誤。D選項“科學(xué)的弊端”,這是國際扁平地球研究協(xié)會的一個觀點,不符合文章主旨,所以D錯誤。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。結(jié)合全文可知,作者看似客觀地陳述了該協(xié)會的觀點,但文章一開始就正面闡明了登月屬于鼓舞人心的科學(xué)成就,而該協(xié)會卻持有相反觀點,暗含了作者的諷刺之意。因此C選項“帶有諷刺意味”正確。A選項“以實事求是的方式”,B選項“以諷刺的口吻”,D選項“作為一個笑話”均不符合題意,所以A,B,D錯誤。

7.單選題

Scientistsspeculatethat()populationgrowthanddwindlingresourcesmayforcehumanbeingstolooktotheseaforfood.

問題1選項

A.unavoidable

B.unexpected

C.unrestrained

D.uncommon

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。unavoidable不可避免的;unexpected意外的,意想不到的;unrestrained無限制的;uncommon不常見的。由后面的結(jié)果“人類將轉(zhuǎn)到海洋去尋求食物”可推知原因是無限制的人口增長以及資源的不斷減少。故C項正確。句意:科學(xué)家預(yù)測無限制的人口增長以及不斷減少的自然資源將迫使人類往海洋尋求食物。

8.單選題

"Toomanychildstarsgrowuptobeunhappyadults.Hehastobecautiousandnot()himselffromreallife.”

問題1選項

A.conceal

B.camouflage

C.insulate

D.obscure

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項conceal“隱藏;隱瞞”;B選項camouflage“偽裝,掩飾”;C選項insulate“隔離,使孤立”;D選項obscure“使…模糊不清,掩蓋;隱藏”。句意:太多的童星長大后都并不快樂。他必須小心謹(jǐn)慎但不能將自己隔離現(xiàn)實生活。這里選C項“insulate”比較合適,insulateoneselffromreallife表示“將自己隔離現(xiàn)實生活”。

9.單選題

ThechangesingloballyaveragedtemperaturethathaveoccurredattheEarth’ssurfaceoverthepastcenturyaresimilarinsizeandtimingtothose(1)bymodelsthattakeintoaccountthecombinedinfluencesofhumanfactorsandsolarvariability.

To(2)thequestionofattributionrequiresthe(3)ofmorepowerfulandcomplexmethodsbeyondtheuseofglobalaveragesalone.Newstudieshavefocusedon(4)mapsorpatternsoftemperaturechangein(5)andinmodels.Patternanalysisistheclimatologicallyequivalentofthemorecomprehensivetestsinthemedicalanalogymentioned(6),andmakesitpossibletoachievemoredefinitive(7)oftheobservedclimatechangestoaparticularcauseorcauses.

TheexpectedinfluenceofhumanactivitiesisthoughttobemuchmorecomplexthanuniformwarmingovertheentiresurfaceoftheEarthandoverthewhole(8)cycle.Patternsofchangeoverspaceandtimethereforeprovideamorepowerful(9)technique.Thebasicidea(10)pattern-basedapproachesisthatdifferent(11)causesofclimatechangehavedifferentcharacteristicpatternsofclimateresponseorfingerprints.Attributionstudiesseekto(12)afingerprintmatchbetweenthepatternsofclimatechange(13)bymodelsandthoseactuallyobserved.

Themostrecentassessmentofthesciencesuggeststhathumanactivitieshaveledtoadiscernible(14)onglobalclimateandthattheseactivitieswillhaveanincreasinginfluenceonfutureclimate.Theburningofcoal,oilandnaturalgas,aswellasvariousagriculturalandindustrialpractices,are(15)thecompositionoftheatmosphereandcontributingtoclimatechange.Thesehumanactivitieshaveledtoincreasedatmospheric(16)ofanumberofgreenhousegases,includingcarbondioxide,methaneandsoonintheloweratmosphere.

Humanactivities,suchastheburningoffossil,havealsoincreasedthe(17)ofsmallparticlesintheatmosphere.Theseparticlescanchangethe(18)ofenergythatisabsorbedandreflectedbytheatmosphere.Theyarealsobelievedtomodifythe(19)ofairandclouds,changingtheamountofenergythattheyabsorbandreflect.Intensivestudiesoftheclimaticeffectsoftheseparticlesbeganonlyrecentlyandtheoverall(20)isuncertain.Itislikelythattheneteffectofthesesmallparticlesistocooltheclimateandtopartiallyoffsetthewarmingofincreasingconcentrationsofgreenhousegases.

問題1選項

A.incensed

B.personify

C.interact

D.predicted

問題2選項

A.array

B.ascertain

C.probe

D.perturb

問題3選項

A.application

B.integration

C.avenge

D.intervene

問題4選項

A.conforming

B.comparing

C.biding

D.budgeting

問題5選項

A.junctions

B.junctures

C.obligations

D.observations

問題6選項

A.optionally

B.ornamentally

C.previously

D.predicatively

問題7選項

A.attribution

B.autonomy

C.indication

D.induction

問題8選項

A.immune

B.seasonal

C.formidable

D.perceptible

問題9選項

A.analysis

B.disposal

C.antigen

D.disincentive

問題10選項

A.avenging

B.underestimating

C.ascending

D.underlying

問題11選項

A.potential

B.respectable

C.secretive

D.sturdy

問題12選項

A.weary

B.obtain

C.wink

D.retard

問題13選項

A.oriented

B.kenned

C.predicted

D.lapsed

問題14選項

A.modification

B.nomination

C.penetration

D.influence

問題15選項

A.paving

B.altering

C.retreating

D.saluting

問題16選項

A.stabilities

B.popularities

C.concentrations

D.hierarchies

問題17選項

A.abundance

B.hemisphere

C.fixture

D.distress

問題18選項

A.burial

B.argumentation

C.legislation

D.amount

問題19選項

A.disposals

B.properties

C.certainties

D.blends

問題20選項

A.calculation

B.assignment

C.budget

D.effect

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:A

第10題:D

第11題:A

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:D

第15題:B

第16題:C

第17題:A

第18題:D

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】(1)語法分析。空格處應(yīng)填入those的后置定語,空后by提示此處為被動。因此D項predicted(預(yù)言,預(yù)測)與models搭配合理,意為“通過模型來預(yù)測”。

(2)動詞辨析。array排列,整隊;ascertain弄清,確定,查明;probe調(diào)查;探索;perturb使人煩惱,不安。根據(jù)句意和句子后面的methods,C項probe與thequestionofattribution搭配符合邏輯,意為“調(diào)查問題的原因”。

(3)名詞辨析??崭裉帒?yīng)填入名詞,作require的賓語。以下兩個選項是名詞:application運(yùn)用,應(yīng)用;integration結(jié)合,整合,一體化。根據(jù)句意,需要運(yùn)用更復(fù)雜的方法,A項application符合邏輯。

(4)動詞辨析。conform遵守,符合;compare比較,對照;bide滯留,忍受;budget編制預(yù)算,安排開支。B項與mapsorpatterns搭配compare,意為“比較天氣變化圖和模式”。

(5)名詞辨析??崭窈鬄閍nd,所以空格處應(yīng)填與models并列的詞。只有D項observation(注意,觀察)與models為同類型。

(6)副詞辨析。optionally隨意地;ornamentally裝飾地;previously先前,以前;predicatively斷然地,肯定地。根據(jù)句意,此處指的是之前提到過的。

(7)名詞辨析。attribution歸因;autonomy自治,自治區(qū);indication指示,跡象;induction歸納法,就職。選項中,A項attribution與achieve...definitive搭配,意思是有可能找到天氣變化的明確原因。

(8)語義題。immune免疫的,不受影響的;seasonal季節(jié)性的,隨季節(jié)變化的;formidable可怕的,令人敬畏的;perceptible可感覺到的,可理解的。B項seasonal在此處比較合適,意為“季節(jié)性的循環(huán)”。

(9)語義題。后面句子提到了approaches,所以A項只有analysis(分析)放在此處比較合適,意為“更加強(qiáng)有力的分析技巧”。

(10)動詞辨析??崭裉帪閯釉~的現(xiàn)在分詞形式作idea的后置定語,D項underlying(構(gòu)成……的基礎(chǔ))與idea搭配,意為“構(gòu)成這些方法的基本觀點”。

(11)形容詞辨析。potential潛在的,有潛力的;respectable體面的,高尚的;secretive秘密的;sturdy強(qiáng)壯的,結(jié)實的。A項potential與causesofclimatechange搭配,意為“天氣變化的潛在原因”。

(12)語義題。weary使疲乏,厭倦;obtain獲得;wink遞眼色,閃爍;retard使放慢或延緩。B項符合邏輯,此處意為“得到兩種天氣變化的匹配特征”。

(13)語法分析。此處句意為:models只能用來預(yù)測天氣變化。因此C項predict(預(yù)言,預(yù)測)正確。

(14)固定搭配。D項influence能與on搭配,意為“對……的影響”。

(15)動詞辨析。pave鋪,為……鋪路;alter改變,更改;retreat撤退,退卻;salute歡迎,致敬。B項alter與thecompositionoftheatmosphere搭配,意為“正在改變大氣的組成成分”。

(16)名詞辨析。根據(jù)句意,increased(增加)的只能是concentration(濃度)。

(17)固定搭配。theabundanceof為固定用法,意為“大量,充足”,句意:增加了大氣中的微粒的數(shù)量。

(18)固定搭配。下文出現(xiàn)了theamountofenergy,因此推測此處為theamountof(……的數(shù)量)。

(19)名詞辨析。disposal清除,處理;property特性,性質(zhì);certainty確實,確定的事;blend混合物。句意:這會改變大氣和云層的。B項符合句意。

(20)語義題。句意:對這些粒子的氣候效應(yīng)的深入研究才剛剛開始,總體還不確定。因此D項effect(影響)符合句意。

10.單選題

Thereasonthathispropertywasconfiscatedbythecountry,it(),wasthatliewasinvolvedinalotoffraudulentactivitiesduringthewar.

問題1選項

A.wasturnedout

B.turnedout

C.beingturnedout

D.wasbeingturnedout

【答案】B

【解析】句意:后來證明他的財產(chǎn)被國家沒收的原因是,戰(zhàn)爭期間他參與了欺詐活動。

語法題。分析句子可知應(yīng)用一般過去時,固定搭配turnout“結(jié)果(證明)是”用主動語態(tài)即可。

11.單選題

Thetransitionfromwife’stomother’srolerequirethewifeto(

)tothecompletelynewsituationindailylife.

問題1選項

A.adapt

B.adjust

C.adopt

D.accept

【答案】A

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意可知,這里指適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。adaptto為固定搭配,意為“適應(yīng)”,所以選項A正確。

12.翻譯題

Peertutoringisaneffectivewaytoimprovelearningforboththetuteeandthetutor,andnoonedoubtsthevalueofthisstrategyformeetingindividualneedswithinaclassroom.However,ittakesmorethansimplypairingoffstudentstomakepeertutoringresultinimprovedlearning.

Althoughyouarelikelytouseinformaltutoringpracticesinyourclassroomeveryday(e.g.askingonestudenttohelpanotherstudentwithaproblem),establishingaformalizedtutoringprogramrequiresmoreinvolvedplanning.Thefollowingstrategiescanhelpyoucreateandsustainaneffectiveprogramwithinyourclassroom.Aswithmostinitiatives,ifyoucanworkwithyourbuildingadministratorandotherteacherstoestablishaschool-widetutoringprogram,youwillbeabletoservetheneedsofallstudentsmoresuccessfully.Typically,trainingwillbeminimalandwillincludebasicinstructioninmodeling,promptingresponsesfromtutees,usingcorrectivefeedbackandpraise/reinforcement,alternatingteachingmethodsandmaterials(i.e..,usingmultisensorymethods),andrecordingandreportingprogress.Ifthisisaschool-wideinitiative,classroomteachersorevenparentsorparaprofessionalscantrainstudentswhowilltutoraspartofanextracurricularserviceactivity.

【答案】【參考譯文】同伴教學(xué)是一種對受教者和施教者的學(xué)習(xí)都有改進(jìn)的有效方法,沒有人懷疑這種策略在課堂里滿足個人需求的價值。然而,要想讓同伴輔導(dǎo)提高學(xué)習(xí)效果,僅僅把學(xué)生配對是不夠的。

雖然你可能每天在你的課堂里使用非正式的輔導(dǎo)實踐(例如,要一位學(xué)生去幫助另一位學(xué)生解決問題),但是建立一個正式的輔導(dǎo)課程卻需要更復(fù)雜的設(shè)計。下面的策略可以幫助您在課堂里創(chuàng)建并維持一個有效的輔導(dǎo)課程。與大多數(shù)的倡議一樣,如果您能與大樓管理員和其他教師共同去建立一個全校性的輔導(dǎo)課程,那么您將能夠更成功地滿足所有學(xué)生的需求。

通常,培訓(xùn)是小規(guī)模的,并且包括建模的基本指令,提示來自受教者的回應(yīng),使用矯正反饋和稱贊/強(qiáng)化,交替教學(xué)方法和材料(如使用多感官的方式),記錄和報告進(jìn)展。如果這是一次全校性的倡議,那么將輔導(dǎo)作為部分課外服務(wù)活動的課堂老師,甚至家長或輔導(dǎo)專職人員都可以訓(xùn)練學(xué)生。

13.單選題

Whenthegovernoroftheprovincearrivedinthetownhallhewasimmediatelysurroundedbylocalofficialswhotriedeverywaytoingratiatethemselves(

)thegovernor.

問題1選項

A.with

B.of

C.into

D.under

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。ingratiateoneselfwithsb.“奉承某人,討好某人”。當(dāng)省長到達(dá)大廳時,他立刻被當(dāng)?shù)毓賳T那些想討好他的官員團(tuán)團(tuán)圍住了。選項A符合題意。

14.單選題

11.

問題1選項

A.Seafood.

B.Dairyproducts.

C.Vegetablesandfruit.

D.Heavyfood.

【答案】D

【解析】W:Howlongdoesthepainlastwhenyougetit?

M:Itcomesandgoes!SometimesIhardlyfeelanything,othertimesitcanlastuptohalfanhourormore.

W:Isthereatypeoffoodthatseemstocausestrongerpainthanothertypes?

M:Um,heavyfoodslikesteakorlasagnausuallybringsiton,I’vebeentryingtoavoidthose.

Q:Whattypeoffoodseemstocausestrongerpaintotheman?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。男士說heavyfood通常會造成這種疼痛。

15.單選題

Theenvironmentiseverythingthatsurroundsus:plants,animals,buildings,country,air,andwater——literallyeverythingthatcanaffectusinanyway.Theenvironmentofatown,withitsbuildingsandtrafficanditsnoiseandsmells,whereeveryoneisontopofeveryoneelse,isafarcryfromthatofthecountryside,withitsfieldsandcrops,itswildanddomesticanimalsanditsfeelingofspaciousness.Andtheenvironmentdiffersindifferentpartsoftheworld.

Ecologyisthescienceofhowlivingcreaturesandplantsexisttogetheranddependoneachotherandonthelocalenvironment.Whereanenvironmentisundisturbed,theecologyofanareaisinbalance,butifacreatureisexterminated(滅絕)oranalienspeciesintroduced,thentheecologyofthedistrictwillbeupset——inotherwords,thebalanceofnaturewillbedisturbed.

Manisapartoftheenvironmentandhasdonemoretoupsettheecologyduringhisshortspanonearththananyotherlivingcreature.Hehasdonethisbyhisignorance,hisgreed,hisfoolishnessandhiswastefulness.

Hehaspoisonedthatatmosphereandpollutedbothlandandwater.Hehaswastedtheearth’snaturalresourceswithnothoughtforthefuture,andhasthoughtoutthemostdevastatingwaysofkillinghisfellowmen——andeveryothersortoflifeatthesametime.

Sincemanhasdonesomuchdamage,itisuptomantotrytoputmattersright—ifitisnotalreadytoolate.Ifthereistobeanyremedyforourills,thatremedyultimatelyliesinthehandsoftheyoung,andthesoonertheystartdoingsomethingaboutit,thebetter.

Oneofthemaincausesoftheearth’stroublesisthattheworldisoverpopulatedandthatthisoverpopulationisgrowingatanever-increasingrate.Atthesametime,weareusingupournaturalresources—fuelsandmineralores—atanever-increasingratewithnohopeofreplacingthem.

Formanyyearstheearthhasbeenunabletoprovideenoughfoodfortheserapidlyexpandingpopulationsandthepositionissteadilydeterioratingsincethefertilityofsomeofourrichestsoilshasbeenlostandvastareasthatwereoncefertilelandshaveturnedintobarrendeserts.Andthetroublewithdesertsisthattheytendtocreepoutwardsontothefertilesoils.WhatisnowthenorthernSaharaDesertwasthegranary(糧倉)ofthecivilizedworld2,500yearsago.

Evenatthismomentmanyoftheearth’snaturaltreasuresarebeingdestroyed,manyvaluableanimalsandplantsarebeingkilledoff,anditisbecomingincreasinglydifficulttogrowenoughfoodtopreservemuchoftheearth’spopulationfromstarvation.Thesituationisgettingoutofhand.Timeisrunningout.Butwithyourhelp,wemaybeabletoreversethetrendswhichthreatenourveryexistence.Whocares?

1.Theecologyofanareaisinbalanceif(

).

2.Duringhislifeonearth,manhas(

).

3.Theyoung(

).

4.Oneofthegreatestproblemsisthatthereare(

).

5.Themainpurposeofthispassageis(

).

問題1選項

A.thereisnonoise

B.thereisnointerruption

C.thereisnointerference

D.therearenopeople

問題2選項

A.donemorethananylivingcreature

B.causedthemostdamagetotheecology

C.damagedtheecologymorethanotherlivingcreatures

D.donemoreharmthangood

問題3選項

A.canhandletheproblem

B.havetheanswertotheproblem

C.areresponsiblefortheproblem

D.holdtheresponsibilityforthefuture

問題4選項

A.manypeopleintheworldexpandingrapidly

B.toomanypeopleintheworld,andtheirnumbersareincreasing

C.toomanypeopleincreasingintheworld

D.toomanypeopleintheworldalwaysexpanding

問題5選項

A.toinformpeopleaboutthescienceofecology

B.toencouragepeopletodosomethingabouttheenvironment

C.tocriticizeMan’sactions

D.tohelpusunderstandtheworldwelivein

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第二段第二句Whereanenvironmentisundisturbed,theecologyofanareaisinbalance,butifacreatureisexterminatedoranalienspeciesintroduced,thentheecologyofthedistrictwillbeupset——inotherwords,thebalanceofnaturewillbedisturbed提到環(huán)境沒有遭到破壞的地方就是生態(tài)平衡的地方,但是如果有某一種生物滅絕或者有外來物種入侵,那么這個地方的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)就會被破壞,換言之,自然界的生態(tài)平衡被打破。所以選項C符合題意。

2.文章第三段Manisapartoftheenvironmentandhasdonemoretoupsettheecologyduringhisshortspanonearththananyotherlivingcreature提到人類是環(huán)境的一部分,在其存在于地球上的短暫時間中,對生態(tài)造成的破壞比其他任何生物都多。選項C符合題意。

3.文章第五段ifitisnotalreadytoolate.Ifthereistobeanyremedyforourills,thatremedyultimatelyliesinthehandsoftheyoung,andthesoonertheystartdoingsomethingaboutit,thebetter提到現(xiàn)在還不算太晚,還有補(bǔ)救的機(jī)會,主要就是靠年青一代,并且這些補(bǔ)救措施越早實施越好。選項D符合題意。

4.文章第六段oneofthemaincausesoftheearth’stroublesisthattheworldisoverpopulatedandthatthisoverpopulationisgrowingatanever-increasingrate提到讓地球變成如今這樣的主要原因之一便是世界人口過多,并且人口的數(shù)量還在不斷增加。選項B符合題意。

5.文章主要講了人類對生態(tài)平衡造成的破壞,并且呼吁人們在還沒到無法挽

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