2021年考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀理解B部分解析

2021年考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀理解B部分解析Inthemoviesandontelevision,artificialintelligenceistypicallydepictedassomethingsinisterthatwillupendourwayoflife.WhenitcomestoAIinbusiness,weoftenhearaboutitinrelationtoautomationandtheimpendinglossofjobs,butinwhatwaysisAIchangingcompaniesandthelargereconomythatdon’tinvolvedoom-and-gloommassunemploymentpredictions?ArecentsurveyofmanufacturingandserviceindustriesfromTataConsultancyServicesfoundthatcompaniescurrentlyuseAImoreoftenincomputer-to-computeractivitiesthaninautomatinghumanactivities.Onecommonapplication?Preventingelectronicsecuritybreaches,which,ratherthaneliminatingITjobs,actuallymakesthosepersonnelmorevaluabletoemployers,becausetheyhelpfirmspreventhackingattempts.HereareafewotherwaysAIisaidingcompanieswithoutreplacingemployees:BetterhiringpracticesCompaniesareusingartificialintelligencetoremovesomeoftheunconsciousbiasfromhiringdecisions.“Thereareexperimentsthatshowthat,naturally,theresultsofinterviewsaremuchmorebiasedthanwhatAIsaysdroDomingos,authorofTheMasterAlgorithm:HowtheQuestfortheUltimateLearningMachineWillRemakeOurWorldandacomputerscience41 Onecompanythat’sdoingthisiscalledBlendoor.Itusesanalyticstohelpidentifywheretheremaybebiasinthehiringprocess.MoreeffectivemarketingSomeAIsoftwarecananalyzeandoptimizemarketingemailsubjectlinestoincreaseopenrates.OnecompanyintheUK,Phrasee,claimstheirsoftwarecanoutperformhumansbyupto10percentwhenitcomestoemailopenrates.Thiscanmeanmillionsmoreinrevenue.42 Theseare“toolsthathelppeopleusedata,notareplacementforpeople,”saysPatrickH.Winston,aprofessorofartificialintelligenceandcomputerscienceatMIT.SavingcustomersmoneyEnergycompaniescanuseAItohelpcustomersreducetheirelectricitybills,savingthemmoneywhilehelpingtheenvironment.Companiescanalsooptimizetheirownenergyuseandcutdownonthecostofelectricity.Insurancecompanies,meanwhile,canbasetheirpremiumsonAImodelsthatmoreaccuratelyaccessrisk.“Before,theymightnottheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch,”saysDomingos,43 Improvedaccuracy“Machinelearningoftenprovidesamorereliableformofstatistics,whichmakesdatamoresaysWinston.It“helpspeoplemakesmarterdecisions.”44 ProtectingandmaintaininginfrastructureAnumberofcompanies,particularlyinenergyandtransportation,useAIimageprocessingtechnologytoinspectinfrastructureandpreventequipmentfailureorleaksbeforetheyhappen.“Iftheyfailfirstandthenyoufixthem,veryexpensive,”saysDomingos.45 Ireplacestheboringpartsofyourjob.Ifyou’redoingresearch,youcanhaveAIgooutandlookforrelevantsourcesandinformationthatotherwiseyoujustwouldn’thavetimefor.Oneaccountingfirm,EY,usesanAIsystemthathelpsreviewcontractsduringanaudit.Thisprocess,alongwithemployeesreviewingthecontracts,isfasterandmoreaccurate.TherearealsocompanieslikeAcquisio,whichanalyzesadvertisingperformanceacrossmultiplechannelslikeAdwords,Bingandsocialmediaandmakesadjustmentsorsuggestionsaboutwhereadvertisingfundswillyieldbestresults.Youwanttopredictifsomethingneedsattentionnowandpointtowhereit’susefulforemployeestogoto.Before,theymightnotinsuretheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch,ortheywouldchargethemtoolittleandthenitwouldcost[thecompany]money.We’realsogivingourcustomersbetterchannelsversuspickingupthephonetoaccomplishsomethingbeyondhumanscale.AIlooksatrésumésingreaternumbersthanhumanswouldbeableto,andselectsthemorepromisingcandidates.參考答案：41-45：GCEBD【解析】hiringpractices”可知，本段內(nèi)容是想要講AI在招聘中的使用。通讀段落，不難在段落中發(fā)現(xiàn)“useAItoremovesomeofthessmgsI去除雇傭決策中無(wú)意識(shí)的偏見

theresultsofinterviewsaremuchmorebiasedthanwhatAI面試結(jié)果要比AI面試結(jié)果更有偏見。根據(jù)以上信息，可以得知1空中填入的選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該與I“聘“雇傭”以及I比人類更為出色”等關(guān)鍵信息有關(guān)，在七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只選項(xiàng)“AIlooksatresumeingreaternumbersthanhumanswouldbeableto，andselectsthemorepromisingcandidates.”滿足條件，其中“resume”表示“履歷”;“nsdeableo表“比人類做得好; seecandidates”表示“挑選更有前途希望的候選人。因此，本題選G。根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“MoreeffectivecompanyintheUKAIThiscanmeanmillionsmoren2IThesearetoolsthathelp42tools選項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。C中“Therearealsocompanies”與文中“OnecompanyintheUK;CessCdts”與文中“Thiscanmeanmillionsmoreinrevenue.C。本段小標(biāo)題為“gscompaniescanbasetheirpremi