外研版（2019）高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時練習(xí)35：選擇性必修3 Unit 5　Learning from nature(含解析)

課時質(zhì)量評價(三十五)選擇性必修第三冊Unit5LearningfromnatureA組·基礎(chǔ)鞏固Ⅰ.語法填空ASunBearThoughsmall,theycanbeveryaggressive,soifyouseeone,don'tmistakeit1.________asoftlovelyteddybear！Thesunbearlivesintrees,2.________you'llneedtokeepyoureyesonthetreeifyouwanttoseeoneandyoucanonlyseethemintherainforestsinSoutheastAsia.Theyareessentialtoourecosystembecausetheyhelpspreadseedswhilealsokeepingdisgustedtermites(白蟻)undercontrol,whichmeansthereisless3.________(destruct)ofourtropicaltrees,whichinturn4.________(mean)ouratmosphereiscleanenoughforustolive5.________(healthy)．Whentheydocomedownfromthetrees,theyalsodigforinvertebrates(無脊椎動物)inthesoil,6.________(improve)theforest'snutrientcyclebymixingtherichandpoorsoil.Unfortunately,theirglobalpopulation7.________(decline)30%overthelastfewyears,makingthemthesecond8.________(rare)bearspeciesnexttothegiantpanda.Theirtonguesareupto25cmin9.________(long)andhelpthemtosatisfytheirgreedyappetiteforhoney,10.________sometimesmakesthemknownas“honeybears”.YoucantelltheSunBearapartfromotherbearspeciesfromthehorseshoemarksontheirchest.Notwomarkingsarethesame!【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了太陽熊的相關(guān)信息。1.for考查固定搭配。mistake...for...是固定短語，意為“把……錯認(rèn)為，把……誤當(dāng)作”。故填for。2.so考查連詞。太陽熊生活在樹上，所以如果你想看它，你就得盯著樹看。根據(jù)語境可知，空格前后之間是因果關(guān)系，所以用連詞so。故填so。3.destruction考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)空格前的形容詞“l(fā)ess”可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞形式。故填destruction。4.means考查主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是一個which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，是一個整體，又根據(jù)前文“whichmeans”可知，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。故填means。5.healthily考查副詞。此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾動詞live。故填healthily。6.improving考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句的謂語動詞是“dig”，所以此處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞；再根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語，表示自然而然的結(jié)果。故填improving。7.hasdeclined考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)該句中的時間狀語“overthelastfewyears”可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時；再由主語“theirglobalpopulation”表示單數(shù)，所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。故填hasdeclined。8.rarest考查形容詞的最高級。根據(jù)空格前的“thesecond”可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞的最高級。故填rarest。9.length考查固定用法。inlength是固定用法，意為“在長度上”。故填length。10.which考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子可知，此處是一個非限制性定語從句，修飾前面的整個部分，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語所以用which引導(dǎo)該從句。故填which。BWerecogniseourfriends'faces.Andwearenotalone.Manysocialanimalscanalsoidentifyindividualsoftheirownspeciesbytheirfacial1.________(feature),becausetheyneedtoadjusttheirbehaviour2.________(depend)onwhotheymeet.Andaresearchhasshownthatsomedomesticated(馴養(yǎng)的)animalscanevendistinguishamongdifferentfacesinphotographs.Researchersfirst3.________(teach)horsesto“choose”betweentwoside-by-sideimagesonacomputerscreen.Thenthehorsesthatwereshownphotosoftheirkeeperalongsidefacesof4.________(familiar)humansignoredthestrangers'faces,identifying5.________(correct)theirkeeperabout75%ofthetime.What'smore,thehorsesalsopreferentiallypickedphotosoftheirpreviouskeeper.Andthey6.________(be)atleastasaccurateinpickingouttheirpreviouskeeper7.________theywereatidentifyingtheircurrentone.Inaddition,horsesseemtohave8.________stronglong-termmemoryforhumanfaces,consistentwiththeirlonglifespanandhistoryofdomestication.Infutureexperiments,theresearchersmaytestwhetherlookingatphotosofpeoplethattheyhavehadbadexperienceswithinthepastmightcausehorses9.________(act)anxiously.Somaybethinktwicebeforedoinganything10.________mightgiveahorsealongface.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了許多群居動物可以通過面部特征來識別自己的物種，一些馴養(yǎng)的動物甚至可以分辨照片中不同的面孔。1.features考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。形容詞性物主代詞their指代主語Manysocialanimals，其后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞。故填features。2.depending考查現(xiàn)在分詞。本句已有謂語need且無連詞，此空應(yīng)用非謂語形式，主語they和動詞depend是邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，表主動。故填depending。3.taught考查動詞的時態(tài)。此處缺乏謂語動詞，由全文語境可知，此研究發(fā)生在過去，句子應(yīng)用一般過去時。故填taught。4.unfamiliar考查形容詞。此處指“不熟悉的”，故填unfamiliar。5.correctly考查副詞。此處修飾動詞identify，應(yīng)用副詞形式。故填correctly。6.were考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。此句包含as＋adj.＋as結(jié)構(gòu)，前后語法結(jié)構(gòu)一致，as后面句子“theywereatidentifyingtheircurrentone”用一般過去時，此處也應(yīng)用一般過去時，主語they是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用were。故填were。7.as考查固定搭配。固定搭配as＋adj.＋as，意為“……和……一樣”。故填as。8.a考查冠詞。此處泛指“一段很強(qiáng)的長期記憶”，strong以輔音音素開頭，應(yīng)用不定冠詞a。故填a。9.toact考查固定用法。causesb./sth.todo(sth.)是固定用法，意為“導(dǎo)致某人/物做某事”。故填toact。10.that考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。此處是限制性定語從句，先行詞anything，指物，是不定代詞，在從句中作主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)。故填that。Ⅱ.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子1.第一次在大眾面前演講感到緊張是很自然的。(it作形式主語)Itisnaturaltofeelnervouswhenyougiveaspeechinpublicforthefirsttime.2.當(dāng)在舞臺上模仿查理·卓別林時，他自己情不自禁地笑了。(whiledoing...)Whilemimicing/imitatingCharlieChaplinonthestage,hehimselfcouldn'thelplaughing.3.我吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)自己對這個活動很感興趣。(find＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ))Iwassurprisedtofindmyselfinterestedintheactivity．4.早睡覺被認(rèn)為是一種好習(xí)慣。(動名詞短語作主語)Goingtobedearlyisconsideredtobeagoodhabit.B組·能力提升Ⅰ.閱讀理解Inamajormedicalbreakthrough,TelAvivUniversityresearchershave“printed”theworld'sfirst3Dvascularised(血管化的)engineeredheartusingapatient'sowncellsandbiologicalmaterials.TheirfindingswerepublishedonApril15inastudyinAdvancedScience.“Thisisthefirsttimeanyoneanywherehassuccessfullyengineeredandprintedanentireheart，”saysProf.TalDvirofDepartmentofMaterialsScienceandEngineering,wholedtheresearchforthestudy.“Thisheartismadefromhumancellsandpatient-specificbiologicalmaterials.Inourprocess,thesematerialsserveasthebioinks,somethingmadeofsugarsandproteinsthatcanbeusedfor3Dprintingofcomplextissuemodels，”Prof.Dvirsays.“Peoplemanagedto3Dprintthestructureofaheartinthepast,butnotwithcellsorwithbloodvessels(血管).Ourresultsdemonstratethepotentialofourapproachforengineeringpersonalisedtissueandorganreplacementinthefuture.”AccordingtoProf.Dvir，theuseof“native”patient-specificmaterialsisimportanttosuccessfullyengineeringtissuesandorgans.Theresearchersarenowplanningonculturingtheprintedheartsinthelaband“teachingthemtobehave”likehearts,Prof.Dvirsays.Theythenplantotransplantthe3D-printedheartinanimalmodels.“Weneedtodeveloptheprintedheartfurther，”heconcludes.“Thecellsneedtoformapumpingability;theycancurrentlycontract(收縮)，butweneedthemtoworktogether.Ourhopeisthatwewillsucceedandproveourmethod'sefficacy(功效)andusefulness.Maybe,intenyears,therewillbeorganprintersinthefinesthospitalsaroundtheworld，andtheseprocedureswillbeconductedroutinely.”1.WhatdoesProf.Dvirthinkofanearly3D-printedheart?A.Itwashighlypractical.B.Itwastooexpensive.C.Itwaspersonalised.D.Itwastoosimple.2.Whatdoweknowaboutthelatest3D-printedheart?A.Itcanbeculturedinthelab.B.Itcanmatchapatientperfectly.C.Ithasbeentransplantedinanimals.D.Ithasbeenwidelyusedinhospitals.3.WhatisProf.Dvir'sattitudetothedevelopmentoftheprintedheart?A.Ambiguous.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Cautious.4.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toexplainthebasicprincipleof3Dtechnology.B.Tointroduceabreakthroughofmedicalresearch.C.Todoubtthemedicalvalueofanewinvention.D.Toprovetheeffectivenessofthenewtechnology.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了研究人員成功研制出了世界上第一顆有血管的3D打印心臟。1.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Peoplemanagedto3Dprintthestructureofaheartinthepast,butnotwithcellsorwithbloodvessels(血管)．”可知，早期的3D打印心臟沒有細(xì)胞和血管，由此可知，Prof.Dvir認(rèn)為早期的3D打印心臟過于簡單，故D項(xiàng)正確。2.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theresearchersarenowplanningonculturingtheprintedheartsinthelab”可知，研究人員目前正計(jì)劃在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中培育這些打印心臟，由此可知，最新的3D打印心臟可以在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中培育，故A項(xiàng)正確。3.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Maybe,intenyears,therewillbeorganprintersinthefinesthospitalsaroundtheworld，andtheseprocedureswillbeconductedroutinely.”可知，Prof.Dvir對3D打印心臟的發(fā)展持積極態(tài)度，故B項(xiàng)正確。4.B寫作意圖題。通讀全文，特別是第一段中的“Inamajormedicalbreakthrough,TelAvivUniversityresearchershave‘printed’theworld'sfirst3Dvascularised(血管化的)engineeredheart”可知，本文介紹的是研究人員成功打印出了世界上第一顆有血管的3D打印心臟，這是醫(yī)學(xué)上的重大突破，作者寫這篇文章就是為了介紹這一重大醫(yī)學(xué)突破，故B項(xiàng)正確。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五UrbanWildlifeCitiesarediverseecosystems.Inadditiontovisitorsfromthewild,alargenumberofspeciesshareoururbanareas.Asourcitiesspread,weneedtothinkaboutwhatitislikeforotherspeciestohavehumanneighbours.Citiesarebuiltforhumans.1Forexample,mostcityparksarekeptneatandtidysothathumanswillfindthembeautiful.Butwhenwecutgrassorplantflowers,wedestroynaturalhabitats.2WhenabridgeinAustin,Texaswasrepaired,engineersaddedsmallgaps(縫隙)runningalongthelengthofitsbottom.Thismadeagoodhomeforbats(蝙蝠),andsoonthebridgewasthehomeofthousandsofbats.3Now,theyhavecometovaluetheirwingedneighbours.Thebatsareatouristattraction,andtheyeatlotsofbugs(蟲子)everynight.Therearealsostructuresbuiltwiththeaimofbringingwildlifeintothecity.TheBeijingOlympicForestParkisagoodexample.Theparkusednativeplantsandcreatedopen,naturalspacesforwildlife.Theresultisazone