高中英語動詞不定式考點歸納課件

不定式考點歸納不定式考點歸納1要求用不定式作賓語的動詞有:offer,learn,plan,agree,promise,help,prepare,decide,refuse,dare,manage,hope,wish,expect,want,fail,pretend,seem,happen,hesitate等。一.考查不定式作賓語一.考查不定式作賓語21.Weagreed___herebutsofarshehasn`tturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet2.Shepretended___mewhenIpassedby.A.nottoseeB.notseeingC.tonotseeD.havingnotsee3.LittleJimshouldlove___tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking1.Weagreed___herebutsofa3二.考查不定式作定語

動詞不定式(短語)作定語時,與其所修飾的名詞有以下幾種關(guān)系。

1)同位關(guān)系2)主謂關(guān)系3)動賓關(guān)系

二.考查不定式作定語動詞不定式(短語)4同位關(guān)系

不定式所修飾的名詞是抽象名詞,不定式說明這個名詞的內(nèi)容。這類名詞有:chance,way,right,need,decision,hope,wish,reason等e.g:Thentheytalkedaboutthewaytoimproveit.Heislookingforachancetogoabroad.Hisbrotherexpressedhiswishtobecomeadoctor.Theblackpeoplehadnorighttosharefreedom.同位關(guān)系不定式所修飾的名詞是抽象名詞,不定式說明這個名5

主謂關(guān)系

當被修飾的名詞在邏輯上與不定式存在主謂關(guān)系,特別當其前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或theonly修飾時,常用不定式作定語。

根據(jù)漢語填空:

①JohnSmithis

(唯一知道秘密的人)

②

Thedirectorisalways

(最后一個離開的人)

③

Pleasetakethebest

(治咳嗽的藥)

theonlymantoknowthesecret.thelasttoleave.medicinetocureyourcough.

6

動賓關(guān)系當被修飾的名詞與不定式在邏輯上存在動賓關(guān)系時，常用不定式作定語，且不定式用主動形式表被動意義。不定式通常修飾have，give，want，need，find等動詞的賓語。1)Pleasegivemesomething

.A.toeatB.tobeeaten2)Hehasgotalotofquestions

.A.tobeaskedB.toask3)WhenIhandedthereporttoJohn，hesaidthatGeorgewastheperson

.A.tosendB.forsendingC.tosendittoD.forsendingitto

7注:作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，不定式須有相應(yīng)的介詞。如:1)Heislookingforaroomtolivein.

2)Thereisnothingtoworryabout.

3)Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.

上面的不定式短語均可改成:“介詞+which/whom不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。=Heislookingforaroominwhichtolive.=Thereisnothingaboutwhichtoworry.=Pleasegivemeaknifewithwhichtocut.注:作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，不定式須有=Heis81.Thetravelwassotiredthatheanxioustofindabed

.A.tosleepB.tosleeponwasC.tobesleptonD.sleeping2.Withoutfact,wecannotformaworthwhileopinion,forweneedtohaveactualknow-ledge

ourthinking.A.whichtobebasedonB.uponwhichtobaseC.whichtobaseuponD.towhichtobebased3.—I`dliketobuyanexpensivecamera.--Well,Tom,wehaveseveralmodels

.A.tochooseB.tochoosefromC.forchooseD.ofchoose1.Thetravelwassotiredthat9考查不定式作賓補

使用不定式作賓補的動詞有:ask，tell，allow，permit，force，invite，advise,persuade,warn,want,beg,cause,waitfor,callon,longfor等。

使役動詞和感官動詞notice,listento,hear,let,make,see,watch,observe后接不定式作賓補,不定式符號to必須省去,但改成被動語態(tài)時,須保留to?？疾椴欢ㄊ阶髻e補使用不定式作賓補的動詞有:ask，tel101.Mr.Smithwarnedhisdaughter

aftersingerdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive2.Johnwasmade

thetruckforaweekasapunishment.A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing3.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister

,todayhewasmade

byhislittlesister.A.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry4.Thegirlwaslistened

aChinesesong.A.tosingB.singC.totosingD.sang1.Mr.Smithwarnedhisdaughte11四.考查不定式作狀語1.作目的狀語,可在不定式前加inorder或soas,其中soas不能位于句首。1)Hestudiedhard

entercollege.A.soastoB.inordertoC.toD.allabove2)

lateforschool,hegotupearly.A.SoasnottobeB.InordernottobeC.InordertonotbeD.Don`tbe3)

lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept四.考查不定式作狀語1.作目的狀語,可在不定式前加inor124)---Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?

---

enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.

A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.Tobegettingup2.作結(jié)果狀語1)用“so+adj./adv.+astodo”結(jié)構(gòu)來表達。Hewassoangryastosaysuchwords.2)用“such…astodo”結(jié)構(gòu)來表達。

I`mnotsuchafoolastobelieveyou.4)---Mum,whydoyoualwaysma133)有時用“too…to”結(jié)構(gòu)或“adj./adv.+enoughtodo”結(jié)構(gòu)來表達。一句多譯:他太小,不能上學。

Heistooyoungtogotoschool.Heisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.注:某些形容詞在“too…to”結(jié)構(gòu)中沒有否定含義,而表示肯定含義。這類形容詞有:anxious,delighted,eager,easy,glad,kind,pleased,ready,surprised等。

Shewastoosurprisedtoseehowangryherfatherwas.

3)有時用“too…to”結(jié)構(gòu)或“adj./adv.+en144)不定式與only連用,通常表示相反或出乎意料之外的結(jié)果,而現(xiàn)在分詞表示意料之中的結(jié)果。

Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,__itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake

Theyliftedarockonly__itontheirownfeet.A.dropB.droppedC.droppingD.todrop4)不定式與only連用,通常表示相反或出乎意料之外的15五.考查“疑問詞+不定式”的用法

“疑問詞+不定式”相當于一個名詞,在句中作主語、賓語或表語等。這一結(jié)構(gòu)常作decide,forget,findout,know,learn,remember,teach,understand,wonder等的賓語。Themotherdidn`tknow__toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.A.whoB.whenC.howD.whatItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows__.A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithitI`veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectWhenandwheretobuildthenewfactory___yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.HasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided五.考查“疑問詞+不定式”的用法“疑問詞+不定式”相當于16六.考查不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)動詞不定式有時態(tài)和語態(tài)變化,以動詞為例,看下表:主動被動意義一般式todotobedone與謂語同時發(fā)生或在其之后發(fā)生進行式tobedoing__不定式動作正在進行完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone不定式動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前六.考查不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)動詞不定式有時態(tài)和語態(tài)變化,以動詞17Robertissaid___abroad,butIdon`tknowwhichcountryhestudiedin.A.tostudyB.tohavestudiedC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudyingHavingatripiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains___whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seenHeclaimed(聲稱)___inthesupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.A.beingbadlytreatedB.treatingbadlyC.tobebadlytreatedD.tohavebeenbadlytreated---DidyouseeTom?Hesaidhewouldcomebackforsupperatsixo`clock.--Heseems___withBobinthelake.A.toswimB.tobeswimmingC.tohaveswumD.swimmingRobertissaid___abroad,but18七.考查動詞不定式的省略

句中重復出現(xiàn)的不定式(短語)要省去,以避免重復,但要保留不定式符號to,to后如有助動詞(be,have等)還要保留助詞。

Theboywantedtoridehisbikeinthestreet.Buthismothertoldhim

.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto--DoesyourbrotherintendtostudyGerman?--Yes,heintends

.A./B.toC.soD.that--Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.--Imeant

,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn`tfindheranywhere.A.todoB.toC.doingD.doingso七.考查動詞不定式的省略句中重復出現(xiàn)的不定式(短語)19八.對“Itis+adj.+for/ofsb.todo”結(jié)構(gòu)的考查

該結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞一般用for,

但該結(jié)構(gòu)中如有表示人的特征的形容詞(如:foolish,silly,stupid,wise,clever,bright,kind,careless,polite等)時則用of,

其它形容詞(如:necessary,important,possible等)說明不定式性質(zhì),其后用介詞for。

It`sdifficultformetomovesuchabigstone.It`snaughtyofyoutosaysuchwords.八.對“Itis+adj.+for/ofsb.to20九.不定式符號“to”的省略1)在cannot(help/choose)but之后一般必須接不帶to的不定式,意為“不得不”。It`sraininghard,Icannothelpbut__athome.A.tosayB.stayingC.stayD.stayed2)在介詞but,except等前若有實義動詞do,其后常用不帶to的不定式作賓語;若沒有實義動詞do,則用帶to的不定式。Sandycoulddonothingbut___thathewaswrong.A.admitB.admittingC.admittedD.toadmit九.不定式符號“to”的省略1)在cannot(help213)兩個不定式并列時,為了避免重復,后一個不定式的to一般省略。但兩個不定式有對比之意時,則不可省to。

I`mreallypuzzledwhattothinkorsay.Icamenottoscoldyou,buttopraiseyou.

Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,___itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake3)兩個不定式并列時,為了避免重復,后一個不定式的to一般22不定式考點歸納不定式考點歸納23要求用不定式作賓語的動詞有:offer,learn,plan,agree,promise,help,prepare,decide,refuse,dare,manage,hope,wish,expect,want,fail,pretend,seem,happen,hesitate等。一.考查不定式作賓語一.考查不定式作賓語241.Weagreed___herebutsofarshehasn`tturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet2.Shepretended___mewhenIpassedby.A.nottoseeB.notseeingC.tonotseeD.havingnotsee3.LittleJimshouldlove___tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking1.Weagreed___herebutsofa25二.考查不定式作定語

動詞不定式(短語)作定語時,與其所修飾的名詞有以下幾種關(guān)系。

1)同位關(guān)系2)主謂關(guān)系3)動賓關(guān)系

二.考查不定式作定語動詞不定式(短語)26同位關(guān)系

不定式所修飾的名詞是抽象名詞,不定式說明這個名詞的內(nèi)容。這類名詞有:chance,way,right,need,decision,hope,wish,reason等e.g:Thentheytalkedaboutthewaytoimproveit.Heislookingforachancetogoabroad.Hisbrotherexpressedhiswishtobecomeadoctor.Theblackpeoplehadnorighttosharefreedom.同位關(guān)系不定式所修飾的名詞是抽象名詞,不定式說明這個名27

主謂關(guān)系

當被修飾的名詞在邏輯上與不定式存在主謂關(guān)系,特別當其前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或theonly修飾時,常用不定式作定語。

根據(jù)漢語填空:

①JohnSmithis

(唯一知道秘密的人)

②

Thedirectorisalways

(最后一個離開的人)

③

Pleasetakethebest

(治咳嗽的藥)

theonlymantoknowthesecret.thelasttoleave.medicinetocureyourcough.

28

動賓關(guān)系當被修飾的名詞與不定式在邏輯上存在動賓關(guān)系時，常用不定式作定語，且不定式用主動形式表被動意義。不定式通常修飾have，give，want，need，find等動詞的賓語。1)Pleasegivemesomething

.A.toeatB.tobeeaten2)Hehasgotalotofquestions

.A.tobeaskedB.toask3)WhenIhandedthereporttoJohn，hesaidthatGeorgewastheperson

.A.tosendB.forsendingC.tosendittoD.forsendingitto

29注:作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，不定式須有相應(yīng)的介詞。如:1)Heislookingforaroomtolivein.

2)Thereisnothingtoworryabout.

3)Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.

上面的不定式短語均可改成:“介詞+which/whom不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。=Heislookingforaroominwhichtolive.=Thereisnothingaboutwhichtoworry.=Pleasegivemeaknifewithwhichtocut.注:作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，不定式須有=Heis301.Thetravelwassotiredthatheanxioustofindabed

.A.tosleepB.tosleeponwasC.tobesleptonD.sleeping2.Withoutfact,wecannotformaworthwhileopinion,forweneedtohaveactualknow-ledge

ourthinking.A.whichtobebasedonB.uponwhichtobaseC.whichtobaseuponD.towhichtobebased3.—I`dliketobuyanexpensivecamera.--Well,Tom,wehaveseveralmodels

.A.tochooseB.tochoosefromC.forchooseD.ofchoose1.Thetravelwassotiredthat31考查不定式作賓補

使用不定式作賓補的動詞有:ask，tell，allow，permit，force，invite，advise,persuade,warn,want,beg,cause,waitfor,callon,longfor等。

使役動詞和感官動詞notice,listento,hear,let,make,see,watch,observe后接不定式作賓補,不定式符號to必須省去,但改成被動語態(tài)時,須保留to。考查不定式作賓補使用不定式作賓補的動詞有:ask，tel321.Mr.Smithwarnedhisdaughter

aftersingerdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive2.Johnwasmade

thetruckforaweekasapunishment.A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing3.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister

,todayhewasmade

byhislittlesister.A.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry4.Thegirlwaslistened

aChinesesong.A.tosingB.singC.totosingD.sang1.Mr.Smithwarnedhisdaughte33四.考查不定式作狀語1.作目的狀語,可在不定式前加inorder或soas,其中soas不能位于句首。1)Hestudiedhard

entercollege.A.soastoB.inordertoC.toD.allabove2)

lateforschool,hegotupearly.A.SoasnottobeB.InordernottobeC.InordertonotbeD.Don`tbe3)

lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept四.考查不定式作狀語1.作目的狀語,可在不定式前加inor344)---Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?

---

enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.

A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.Tobegettingup2.作結(jié)果狀語1)用“so+adj./adv.+astodo”結(jié)構(gòu)來表達。Hewassoangryastosaysuchwords.2)用“such…astodo”結(jié)構(gòu)來表達。

I`mnotsuchafoolastobelieveyou.4)---Mum,whydoyoualwaysma353)有時用“too…to”結(jié)構(gòu)或“adj./adv.+enoughtodo”結(jié)構(gòu)來表達。一句多譯:他太小,不能上學。

Heistooyoungtogotoschool.Heisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.注:某些形容詞在“too…to”結(jié)構(gòu)中沒有否定含義,而表示肯定含義。這類形容詞有:anxious,delighted,eager,easy,glad,kind,pleased,ready,surprised等。

Shewastoosurprisedtoseehowangryherfatherwas.

3)有時用“too…to”結(jié)構(gòu)或“adj./adv.+en364)不定式與only連用,通常表示相反或出乎意料之外的結(jié)果,而現(xiàn)在分詞表示意料之中的結(jié)果。

Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,__itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake

Theyliftedarockonly__itontheirownfeet.A.dropB.droppedC.droppingD.todrop4)不定式與only連用,通常表示相反或出乎意料之外的37五.考查“疑問詞+不定式”的用法

“疑問詞+不定式”相當于一個名詞,在句中作主語、賓語或表語等。這一結(jié)構(gòu)常作decide,forget,findout,know,learn,remember,teach,understand,wonder等的賓語。Themotherdidn`tknow__toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.A.whoB.whenC.howD.whatItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows__.A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithitI`veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectWhenandwheretobuildthenewfactory___yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.HasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided五.考查“疑問詞+不定式”的用法“疑問詞+不定式”相當于38六.考查不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)動詞不定式有時態(tài)和語態(tài)變化,以動詞為例,看下表:主動被動意義一般式todotobedone與謂語同時發(fā)生或在其之后發(fā)生進行式tobedoing__不定式動作正在進行完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone不定式動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前六.考查不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)動詞不定式有時態(tài)和語態(tài)變化,以動詞39Robertissaid___abroad,butIdon`tknowwhichcountryhestudiedin.A.tostudyB.tohavestudiedC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudyingHavingatripiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains___whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seenHeclaimed(聲稱)___inthesupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.A.beingbadlytreatedB.treatingbadlyC.tobebadlytreatedD.tohavebeenbadlytreated---DidyouseeTom?Hesaidhewouldcomebackforsupperatsixo`clock.--Heseems___withBobinthelake.A.toswim