高中英語閱讀理解推理題及詞義猜測題

高中英語閱讀理解推理題及詞義猜測題高中英語閱讀理解推理題及詞義猜測題高中英語閱讀理解推理題及詞義猜測題V:1.0精細(xì)整理，僅供參考高中英語閱讀理解推理題及詞義猜測題日期：20xx年X月高一英語專題培優(yōu)——閱讀理解解題技巧第三節(jié)：閱讀理解之推理判斷題分析解讀：推理判斷題考查學(xué)生透過文章表面文字信息推測文章隱含意思，對作者的態(tài)度及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展做出正確推理判斷的能力?？忌璞M量考慮文中的全部信息和事實(shí)，在理解通篇文章的基礎(chǔ)上去領(lǐng)會作者的言外之意，并做出正確的推斷，這是對文章深層次的把握，屬于高層次的閱讀理解。即根據(jù)閱讀材料中所提供的已知信息，推斷出未知部分。文章中沒有明確的答案。要求考生從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法和觀點(diǎn)。技巧點(diǎn)撥：常見提問方式：(1)Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthepassagethat______(2)Thewritersuggeststhat______(3)Theauthorusestheexampleof…toshowthat______(4)What’stheauthor’sattitudetoward_______(5)Fromthestorywecanguess_______(6)Whatwouldhappenif_______(7)Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragreewith(8)What’sthetone語氣oftheauthor(9)Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe_____(10)Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear解答步驟：定位信息：通過尋讀找到相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)。字面理解：理解相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)的字面意義。深層理解：結(jié)合語境和常識，在字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行符合邏輯的推斷，從而理解作者的言外之意。干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：只是原文的簡單復(fù)述，而非推斷出來的結(jié)論，把直接表達(dá)當(dāng)做間接推理。看似從原文推斷出來的結(jié)論，然而實(shí)際上與原文不符，如因果倒置，手段變目的等。根據(jù)考生已有的常識來看是正確的，但是卻不是基于文章推理過頭，引申過度。4.注意：有時作者并未把意圖說出來，我們可根據(jù)字面意思，通過研究語篇的邏輯關(guān)系和細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，來推敲作者的態(tài)度，進(jìn)行深層理解。典型例析：推斷隱含意義：例：DidyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewallDiditsoundlikeaclockIfso,itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle.Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie.Thusthebeetleiscalled"thedeathwatchbeetle."Q：Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatthesoundofthisbeetle________.A.leasedpeopleB.surprisedpeople.C.frightenedpeople.D.excitedpeople.練一練:Onedayamanwalkedapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant,“Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroaches(蟑螂)andtwospiders(蜘蛛).”“Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor”theshopassistantwasverysurprised.“Well,”repliedtheman,“I’mmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlord(房東)insiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit.”Q:Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintotheapartment,itwas_______.A．verycleanB.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortableD.dirtyandfullofinsects(昆蟲)技巧：這類題干中通常含有infer,imply,suggest,conclude,indicate(暗示)等標(biāo)志性詞語。解題步驟：1,全面分析2,忠實(shí)原文3,不要選擇表層信息推斷作者觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度：例：ButinLondon,dinnerpartiesareinpeople‘shomes.Notonlythat,theguestsareaninterestingmix.ThelasttimeIwenttoone,theguestswerefromFrance,India,DenmarkandNigeria;itwaslikeagatheringattheUnitedNations.InNewYorkthemixislessinteresting.It’slikeagatheringatBloomingdale‘s,awell-knowndepartmentstore.Q：WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthepartiesinLondonA.Abitunusual.B.Fulloftricks.C.Lesscostly.D.Moreinteresting練一練:Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnewsAllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(行賄)，anddeath..Frankly,I’msickofallthisbadnews.Q:What’sauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingA.ComplainB.ApologizeC.AdmiringD.Support技巧：注意作者表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動詞及所舉的例子，推斷出作者的弦外之音。站在作者的立場或角度思考答案。表示態(tài)度的形容詞：(1)positive積極的(9)reserved(2)negative消極的(10)indifferent漠不關(guān)心的(3)optimistic樂觀的(11)cautious謹(jǐn)慎的(4)pessimistic悲觀的(12)surprised驚訝的(5)objective客觀的(13)sympathize同情的(6)subjective主觀的(14)support支持的(7)admiring羨慕的(15)doubt懷疑的(8)critical批評的(16)approve贊成的（17）ironic諷刺的（18）neutral中立的推斷寫作目的：例：“HaveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawaveOrhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“ThereisQ：Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto___________.A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor’simportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthem練一練:AyoungmanfromavillagecalledNawalapitiyamarriedayoungwomanfromMaliyuwa,anearbyvillage.Theylivedwiththeman’sbigfamily——hisparents,hisbrothers,theiryoungwivesandchildren.Thefamilykeptanelephant,inwhichtheyoungwomansoontookagreatinterest.Everydayshefeditwithfruitandsugar.Threemonthslaterthewomanwentbacktoherparents’home,havingquarreled(吵架)withherhusband.Soontheelephantrefused(拒絕)toeatorwork.Itappearedtobeillandheart-broken.Onemorningafterseveralweekstheanimaldisappearedfromthehouse.Itwenttothewomen’shome.Onseeingher,theelephantwaveditstrunkandtouchedherwithit.Theyoungwomanwassomovedbytheactoftheanimalthatshereturnedtoherhusband’shome.Q.Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto_______.A.showthatelephantsareveryclever主觀臆想B.tellhowawomantrainedawildanimalC.showthatwomencaremoreforanimalthanmendoD.tellhowananimalreunitedahusbandandwife技巧：這類題的題干中常有purpose，或者后面接有目的的動詞不定式，如：intendto,meantto,inorderto等。我們可以根據(jù)文章的主旨和體裁來判斷作者的目的和態(tài)度。與寫作目的對應(yīng)的文章如下：toentertainreaders(使讀者愉悅、發(fā)笑)：常見于個人經(jīng)歷或故事類的文章。topersuadereaders(說服讀者接受某種觀點(diǎn))：常見于廣告或議論文。toinformreaders(告知讀者某些信息)：多見于新聞報(bào)道類、科普類、文化類或社會類的文章，以及勸告性或建議性文章。（3）開頭提出問題——讓讀者關(guān)注主題。簡介相關(guān)事物——為了引出主題。列舉具體事例——說明文段的主題溫馨提示：設(shè)身處地站在作者的角度上想一想推斷文章出處：例：Don’twanderaimlesslythroughlife.Getconfusedonyourgoals,starthelpingothersinneed,andlivelifetothefullest!Lifeistooshorttobeanythingbuthappy.Visitmyblogandfindwhatyou’vebeenmissing.Sighupformynewsletterandgetsevenfreeebooks,too!Readhundredsofarticleswhileyou’rethereinthearticlesection,whichisupdateddaily.Q：Thistextmustbetakenfrom___________.A.aradioprogramB.awebsiteC.anewspaperD.aTVprogram練一練:WATCHCONTROLThisisawatchthatJamesBondwouldbeproudtowear!ThisisNOTawatchforordinarypeople!YourelectronicPENGOWATCHCONTROL·actsasaremotecontrolforTVsandvideos.·givesyouadailyweatherforecast.·remindsyouwhentohandinyourhomeworkBesides,yourPENGOWATCHCONTROLwillalwaystellyouthetimeaccurately!Originallysoldfor$199NOWONLY$99Forfurtherinformation,clickhere.Q：wherewouldyoubemostlikelytofindthetwotextsonamagzineinacompanyguidebookonateenagewebsiteinacollegenewspaper技巧：1.看文章體裁和題材：advertisement,news,poster,magazine,website,textbook,guidebook.2.通過文章內(nèi)容，判斷讀者對象是誰。出現(xiàn)click（點(diǎn)擊），往往來自website推斷下文內(nèi)容：例：Anotheroptionistosetthemup.Withanaccount(賬戶)atalocalbankthatoffersfreeuseofadebitcard(借記卡).Unlikecreditcard(信用卡),thedebitcardhasnooverdraft(透支)function…Q:Whatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollowsfurtherimformationaboutthedebitcardtheoverdraftfunctionsofadebitcardsmoredisadvantagesofcreditcardthekids’sattitudetowardsacreditcard技巧：關(guān)注最后一段的內(nèi)容，尤其是最后的兩三句話?？偨Y(jié)：如何排除干擾項(xiàng)：不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)，要嚴(yán)格按照閱讀材料中所提供的信息進(jìn)行推理；推理的根據(jù)來自于上下文；如果某選項(xiàng)中的內(nèi)容是閱讀材料的簡單重復(fù)，那它一般不是推論，也就不是正確答案；如果某選項(xiàng)所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容與經(jīng)驗(yàn)相吻合，文中卻沒有涉及，那它屬于主觀臆斷的結(jié)論，也不是正確答案；如果某個選項(xiàng)表達(dá)的內(nèi)容雖在文中提到，但很片面或很不完整，那也不是正確答案；文中的虛擬語氣和情態(tài)動詞（should,must,may）往往能流露出作者的弦外之音，這有助于我們確定正確答案；注意作者在文中的措辭，比如作者在形容詞前用了too，excessively，rather則常帶有否定的口氣；某些過渡詞（however,but,onthecontrary,what‘smore）后面所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容往往能反映作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度；第四節(jié)：閱讀理解之猜測詞義題分析解讀：在閱讀中我們經(jīng)常會遇到許多生詞。這時許多同學(xué)立即翻閱詞典，查找詞義。這樣做不但費(fèi)時費(fèi)力，而且影響閱讀速度、影響對語篇的整體把握。事實(shí)上，閱讀材料中的每個詞與它前后的詞語或句子甚至段落都有聯(lián)系。我們可以利用語境（各種已知信息）推測、判斷某些生詞的詞義。猜測詞義題旨在考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文推測生詞、短語或句子意思的能力，突出考查對語境的分析和把握能力。是閱讀理解的必考題型，題干中通常含有mean，referto或者bereplacedby等。技巧點(diǎn)撥：1.常見提問方式：Theword“…”inthepassageprobablymeans______Theunderlinedword“…”couldbestbereplacedby_______Whichofthefollowingisnearest/closestmeaningtotheunderlinedwordTheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmean______解題步驟：在文中找到線索或信息詞根據(jù)周圍熟悉的詞的邏輯關(guān)系（并列，轉(zhuǎn)折，遞進(jìn)，對比，因果）來判斷新單詞的意思。根據(jù)上下文（即語境）判斷新詞匯在特定句中的意思。典型例析：練一練：猜測下列劃線詞的意思。Atthebeginningtheydidnothaveenoughcapitaltostartabusiness,norweretheyabletoborrowtheamountofmoneytheyneededfromthebank.資金，nor結(jié)構(gòu)后的money，bank FHeissohomely,notatallashandsomeashisbrother.不英俊DButsometimes,norainfallsforalong,longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod,ordrought.干旱BSheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.準(zhǔn)時EYoushouldn’thaveblamedhimforthat,becauseitwasn’thisfault.責(zé)備CBananas,oranges,pineapples,coconutsandsomeotherkindoffruitgrowinwarmareas.一種水果，椰子A總結(jié)：根據(jù)并列同列關(guān)系：一般來說，并列的幾個事物應(yīng)屬同類事物，由此可推測其中一個的大概意思。根據(jù)同位或解釋關(guān)系：當(dāng)作者不能肯定讀者能夠理解他的意思時，他會用另外一種方式陳述自己的觀點(diǎn)。往往常見的詞有：means,is,or,thatistosay,inotherwords,toputitanotherway,which.根據(jù)因果關(guān)系：常見關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：because,as,since,for,so,thus,asaresult,ofcourse,therefore,so…that.根據(jù)反義詞關(guān)系：看轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如but,while,however等，或者看與not搭配等表示否定意義的詞語。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系：由上下句之間的轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系來推測詞義，常見詞有：unlike,otherwise,inspiteof,despite,though,instead…of,ratherthan,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary。根據(jù)近義詞關(guān)系：看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組，或者看在進(jìn)一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞。練一練：Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle——thatis,itwillbreakeasily.A.易碎的B.沉重的C.美觀的D.有用的Allhisattemptstotheunclockdoorwasfutile,becausehewasusingthewrongkey.A.成功的B.徒勞的C.有效的D.匆促的Hehadbeengettingbetterbutduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated.A.變好B.惡化C.改變D.上升Twelve-year-oldSallywasanactivegirl.Buthersisterwasquitesedate.A.prettyB.calmC.protectiveD.energeticThatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibits(展覽)inoneday.A.smallB.largeC.dullD.interestingChildrenarealwaysboasting.Theysaythingslike“MyDad’scarisbiggerthanyourDad’s.”“MyMomissmarterthanyours.”and“Myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours.”A.吵鬧B.吹牛C.頑皮D.幼稚實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練：AForthefirst19monthsofherlifeHelenKellerwasabletoseeandhear.Butthenasickness(疾病)struck.Shebecamecompletelyblindanddeaf.Fortherestorherlifeshewasneverabletoseeorhear.Andthesicknessstruckwhenshewasababybeforeshelearnedtotalk.Herworldwastotallydarkandsilent.Forthefirstsevenyearsofherlifeshewasalmostlikeawildanimal.Hermotherandfathercouldnotcontrol(控制)her.Shescreamed(尖聲叫喊)andkickedandstruggledandcried.Finallyherparentssentforateacher.HernamewasAnnSullivan.Sheherselfhadoncebeenblind.ShequicklysawthatfirstshehadtoteachHelenhowtoobeyandhowtocontrolheranger.ShespeltoutwordsinHelen’shand.Helencouldn’tseeorhearsoshelearnedbytouchingandfeeling.ShelearnedtoreadbooksinBraille(盲字).Helenalsolearnedforeignlanguage:French,German,LatinandGreek.Shelearnedtowriteandtospeak.Shecouldrideahorse,swim,rowaboat,climbtrees.ShewenttocollegeandAnnSullivanwentwithher.WithMissSullivan’shelp,HelenKellerfinishedcollegewithhighhonor.Shebecameateacher,writerandlecturer.Herlifeisaninspiration(激勵),notjusttotheblindandthedeafbuttopeopleeverywhere.HelenKellerwasabletoseeandhearonlyfor______months.A.nineB.ninetyC.nineteenD.ninthForthefirstsevenyearsofherlife,Helenwasalmostlike“awildanimal”thissentencemeans_____A.shewasaverynaughtygirlB.shelivedwithanimalsforalongtimeC.shewasneverabletoseeorhear,soshewasveryboredandangryD.shelikedanimalsverymuchAnnSullivanwasHelen’s______A.motherB.teacherC.sisterD.classmateHelenlearnedby_______A.touchingandfeelingB.listeningandspeakingC.smellingandfeelingD.readingbooksThelastsentencetellsus_______A.We’dbetterlearnbytouchingandfeelingB.HelenisaheroonlyfortheblindanddeafC.EveryonecouldlearnalotfromHelenKellerDHelenKellerhadaterriblelife.Keysare:CCBACBAmericanshaveusedcolourstomakemanyexpressionstheyuseeveryday.Wesayyou’re“inthepink”whenweareingoodhealth.Itiseasytounderstandhowthisexpressionwasborn.Whenmyfacehasanicefresh,pinkcolour,itisasignmyhealthisgood.Thecolourgreenisnaturalfortrees,itisanunnaturalcolourforhumans.Whensomeonedoesn’tfeelwell.someonewhoisseasock,forexample.wesayhelooksgreen.Whensomeoneisangrybecausehedoesn’thavewhatsomeoneelsehas,wesayheis“greenwithenvy(妒忌)”.Somepeopleare“greenwithenvy”becausesomeoneelsehasmoredollars,or“greenbacks”.Dollarsarecalledgreenbackbecausethat’sthecolourofthebacksideofthemoney.Blueisacoolercolour.ThetraditionalbluemusicofAmericanblacksistheoppositeofredhotmusic.Itisslow,sadandsoulful.Tobeblue,ofcourse,istobesad.Thecolourblackisoftenusedinexpressions.Peopledescribeadayinwhicheverythinggoeswrongasa“blackday”.A“blacksheep”isthememberofafamilyorgroupwhoalwaysseemstobeintrouble.Ifsomeonemeetsa“blackcat”,somethingunluckymighthappentohim.Notallthe“black”expressionshadbadmeanings.Abusiness“intheblack”,forexample,ismakingmoney.Acompany“inthered”islosingmoney.Ifsomeonetellsyoutoputsomething“inblackandwhite”,theywantyoutowriteitdown.Afterreadingthepassage,wecaninferifsomeone“l(fā)ooksgray”,he_______A.lookswellB.mayneedtoseedoctorC.ishealthyD.ishappyAmericandollarshave_______backside.A.pinkB.greenC.blueD.redWhichworddescribesthebluemusicA.FastB.SadC.HotD.CheerfulMybrotherisa_______,everyonedoesn’tlikehim.A.ablackhorseB.ablackcatC.ablackdogD.ablacksheepWhichofthefollowingisTrueA.Acompanysurelylikestobe“inthered.”B.Abusiness“intheblack”,ismakingmoneyC.Allthe“black”expressionhavebadmeaningsD.Ifsomeonemeetsa“blackcat”,hemightluckysoon.Keysare:BBBDBCAlittleboyinvitedhismothertoattendhiselementaryschool’sfirstteacher-parentmeeting.Tothelittleboy’sfear,shesaidshewouldgo.Thiswouldbethefirsttimethathisclassmatesandteachermethismotherandhewasembarrassed(窘迫的)byherface.Althoughshewasabeautifulwoman,therewasabigscar(傷疤)thatcoverednearlythewholerightsideofherface.Theboyneverwantedtotalkaboutwhyorhowshegotthescar.Atthemeeting,thepeopleweremovedbythekindnessandnaturalbeautyofhismotherDespite(不管)thescar,butthelittleboywasstillembarrassedandhidhimselffromeveryone.Hedid,however,heheardthemspeaking.“Howdidyougetthescaronyourface”theteacherasked.Themotheranswered,“Whenmysonwasababy,hewasinaroomthatcaughtonfire.Everyonewastooafraidtogoinbecausethefirewasoutofcontrol,soIwentin.AsIwasrunningtowardhisbed,IsawabeamcomingdownandIplacedmyselfoverhimtryingtoprotecthim.Iwasknockedunconsciousbutluckily,afiremancameinandsavedbothofus.”Shetouchedtheburnedsideofherface.“Thisscarwillbeforever,buttothisday,IhaveneverregretteddoingwhatIdid.”Atthispoint,thelittleboycameoutrunningtowardhismotherwithtearsinhiseyes.Hehuggedherandfeltalmostasacrifice(犧牲)oflifethathismotherhadmadeforhim.Heheldherhandtightlyfortherestoftheday.Theboywas_____whenhismothersaidshewouldgototheschool.A.pleasedB.afraidC.excitedD.boredWhatwashismotherlikeA.ShewasuglyB.Shewasgood—lookingC.ShewasbeautifuldespiteabigscaronherrightsideoffaceD.Thewriterdidn’ttellusHowdidhismothergetthescaronherfaceA.ShehurtherfaceinantrafficaccidentB.SomethingwaswrongwithherfaceskinC.Shewashitbysomeoneontheface.D.Herfacewashurtwhileshewassavinghersoninahouseonfire.Fromthemother’swords,weknow_______A.shefeltsorryaboutthescarB.shewasfrustratedaboutthescarC.shewassatisfiedwiththescarD.shethoughtthescarworthwhile(值得的)Fromthelastparagraph,itcanbeinferredthat_________A.theboywasstillembarrassedB.theboywouldlovehismothermorethanbeforeC.theboywaspleasedwithhismother’sscarD.theboywasafraidtoseehismother’sscarKeysare:BCCDD