定語(yǔ)從句復(fù)習(xí)

2014屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句指出下列句中畫(huà)線部分的名稱(chēng)

Avirus

whichiscalledH7N9birdfluspreadsinShanghai.先行詞關(guān)系詞定語(yǔ)從句summary

(一）定語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中的作用相當(dāng)于_______詞，在句中作______修飾___詞或____詞。被修飾的名詞或代詞稱(chēng)為_(kāi)_____.定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的_____.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞稱(chēng)為_(kāi)______.形容定語(yǔ)名代先行詞后面關(guān)系詞

（二）限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句：（3個(gè)方面區(qū)別）限定性定語(yǔ)從句與主句沒(méi)有逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，非限定性定語(yǔ)從句與主句有逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。2）限定性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)主句起修飾限制的作用，非限定性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)主句起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用。3）限定性定語(yǔ)從句翻譯成“…..的”+先行詞，非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，主句與從句翻譯成并列句結(jié)構(gòu)who,thatwhich,that,aswhom,that,whowhich,that,aswhose,ofwhomwhose,(prep.+)whichwhere/prep.+whichwhen/prep.+whichwhy/prep.+whichthat/prep.+which1.that先行詞是人和物，that只能引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)可以省略1)Thestudents_______arevisitingthenatural

museumareveryinterestedinthedinosaurs.2).He’stheman________________youcandependon.3).Thetrain_____________heistravellingonisforHongKong.who/that(that/whom)(that/which)

下列情況只用that引導(dǎo)：先行詞是不定代詞：all,much,little,something,Everything,anything,nothing,noneAll________glittersisnotgold.Hetoldmeeverything________heknew.2.先行詞被theonly,any,few,no,thevery,little等修飾時(shí)that

that

（that）Itistheverynovel________Ihaveeverread.(that)Australiaistheonlycountry______isalsoacontinent.下列情況只用that引導(dǎo)：3.先行詞被最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾或是形容詞的最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞時(shí)：Thisisthemostinterestingfilm_____I’veeverseen4.先行詞人和物兩部分組成：Doyouknowthethingsandpersons_____theyaretalkingabout?(that)

（that）Itistheverynovel________Ihaveeverread.(that)2.which先行詞是物，which可引導(dǎo)限定性和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中可以省略1).YinchuanNo.1HighSchoolistheschool___________heisstudyingin.2).Thetree,_______measures90metres,isveryold.(that/which)which

2.在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，which可以指代整個(gè)主句，構(gòu)成：主句，+whichmade/gave/meant/surprised/astonished…..1）Tomcamebacksafeandsound,______madeushappy.2)Hewonthefirstprizeinthiscontest,_________surprisedeveryone.whichwhich3.who先行詞是人,who可以引導(dǎo)限定性和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)。1.Thestudents_______arevisitingthenatural

museumareveryinterestedinthedinosaurs.2.He’stheman________________youcandependon.3.Hehasasister,_____worksinBeijingwho/that(that/whom/who)who

下列情況只用who引導(dǎo)：1.先行詞是人稱(chēng)代詞（I,we,you,he,she,they等)1)I,_____amyourbestfriend,willhelpyououtoftrouble.2)He______doesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.注意：先行詞是人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞在從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和先行詞一致。2.先行詞為one,ones,anyone,those指代人時(shí)whoAnyone_____breaksthelawwillbepunished.whowho3.先行詞是人名或獨(dú)一無(wú)二的家庭成員時(shí)1）Mary,________comesfromAmerica,ismypen-pal.2)Hiswife,______isateacher,willretirethisyear.3）Einstein,_____isagreatscientist,putforwardtheTheoryofRelativity.whowhowho4.whom先行詞是人,whom可以引導(dǎo)限定性和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),可以省略，在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，不能省略。1).He’stheman________________youcandependon.2).HehasasisterinEngland,_______heoftentelephones.(that/whom/who)whom

下列情況只用whom引導(dǎo)：1.先行詞是人，介詞+whom1)Therewasnooneto________shecouldturninsuchadarkstreet.2)Heistheteacher_____________weshouldlearnfrom.3)Heistheteacherfrom_______weshouldlearn.whomwho/that/whomwhom5.whose先行詞人和物,whose可以引導(dǎo)限定性和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)。Whose=the…ofwhich/whom1).Heisafamouspainter,______paintingsarehighlythoughtof.=Heisafamouspainter,_________thepaintingsarehighlythoughtof.=Heisafamouspainter,thepaintings_________arehighlythoughtof.whoseofwhom

ofwhom

2).Thebuilding_______roofwecanseefromhereisahotel.=Thebuilding__________theroofwecanseefromhereisahotel.=Thebuildingtheroof__________wecanseefromhereisahotel.whoseofwhich

ofwhich

6.where先行詞是具體地點(diǎn)的名詞或抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞（point,situation,case,stage,condition,position,activity,life等），where可以引導(dǎo)限定性和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。where=介詞+which2).Wehavereachedastage________wehavealmostnorightsatall.3)Wewereputintoaposition________________wehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportantorfightthegovernment.wherewhere/inwhich7.when先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞，when可以引導(dǎo)限定性和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。when=介詞+which1).Weliveinanage________moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore..2).Ineverforgettheday_________Iwenttocollege.3)Ineverforgettheday________IspentinHainanlastsummervacationwhenwhich/thatwhen9.as:可以引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句：

thesame+先行詞+as

such（a/an+adj)+先行詞+as

so+adj+a/an+先行詞+as

注：as在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)1).Thisisthesamebook_____helentmelastweek.（不是同一本書(shū)）2)Thisisthesamebook________helentmelastweek.(同一本書(shū)）asthat3).Thisissuchaneasyquestion______Icananswer.(從句中缺賓語(yǔ)）4)Thisissuchaneasyquestion_______Icananswerit.(從句不缺賓語(yǔ)）5).Thisissoeasyaquestion______Icananswer.(從句中缺賓語(yǔ)）6)Thisissoeasyaquestion_______Icananswerit.(從句不缺賓語(yǔ)）asthatasthat9.as:還可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句：

as指代整個(gè)主句，從句可以放在主句之前、之后、當(dāng)中，構(gòu)成：asisknowntoall,asweallknow,asisexpected,ashasbeensaid,ashasbeenreported,asisoftenthecase等

，注：as在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)1).______weallknow,TaiwanbelongstoChina.2)Chinastillbelongstoadevelopingcountry,______isknowntoall.3)He,______isoftenthecase,smilestoall.asasasThisisthefactory_______Ionceworked.Thisisthefactory_________I’vevisited.Theday_________IalwaysrememberisOct.1Theday_____NanjingwasliberatedisSep.11.Thereason____hehasn’tcomeisthathehasbeenill.Don’tbelievethereason_________hegaveyou.試比較wherethat/whichthat/which

when

whythat/which鞏固練習(xí)1.Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,______theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.A.while B.there C.then D.where2.Thevillagehasdevelopedalot________welearnedfarming2yearsago.A.when B.whichC.that

D.where3.We’rejusttryingtoreachapoint____bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.A.where B.that C.when D.which注意where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，先行詞既可以是明確的地點(diǎn)，也可以是“抽象”的地點(diǎn)。引導(dǎo)這類(lèi)定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞有point,case,situation,scene,position,activity等

考點(diǎn)定語(yǔ)從句與別的從句或強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別1.定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別判斷是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)刪除法

e.g.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWarthathedied?

例．---Wheredidyougettoknowher?---Itwasonthefarm_______weworked.A.thatB.thereC.Which

D.Where(注:與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)合.ItwasonthefarmwhereweworkedthatIgottoknowher)e.g.Youshouldleavethetoywhereyoucanfind.(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))Istillrememberthebusstopwhere/atwhichImetyou.（定語(yǔ)從句）2.定語(yǔ)從句與地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：看有無(wú)表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作先行詞，有則是定語(yǔ)從句。3.定語(yǔ)從句與結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：看從句的連接詞是否在從句中做成分，做成分的是定語(yǔ)從句。e.g.Heissuchakindpersonaseverybodylikes.(定語(yǔ)從句)Heissuchakindpersonthateverybodylikeshim.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)4.定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：看連接詞是否在從句中做成分，做成分的是定語(yǔ)從句，不做成分而只是表示前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容的是同位語(yǔ)從句。e.g.Thenewsthathehadbeenbacksurprisedusall.

(同位語(yǔ)從句)Hehadtosettletheproblemwhichtheyleft.(定語(yǔ)從句)

考點(diǎn)四介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)介詞或關(guān)系代詞的選擇1.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，能用于介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)

定語(yǔ)從句的代詞只有which和whom。介詞的選擇a.Thefarm

on

whichIonceworkedhastaken

onanewlooka.看與先行詞的搭配b.Whoisthemanwith

whomourteacheris

shakinghands?b.看與定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配c.Oursisabeautifulcountry,of

whichwe

aregreatlyproud.c.看與定語(yǔ)從句中形容詞的搭配d.Thereareover3.000workers,eightypercentof

whomarewomen.表示“所有格”或“整體與部分關(guān)系”時(shí)，用介詞of2.當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞可以提前放在which前，也可放于原來(lái)的位置，但在含有動(dòng)詞固定詞組中，介詞只能放于原來(lái)的位置。e.g.Thisistheroomwhich/thatLuxunusedtolivein.=ThisistheroominwhichLuxunusedtolive.Themanwho/whom/thatItalkedaboutatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.=ThemanaboutwhomItalkedatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.Thisisthep