“科技英語語法”復(fù)習(xí)題

-生命不息--生命不息--奮斗不上-6-奮斗不上-6“科技英語語法”復(fù)習(xí)題一、英譯漢Allthesatelliteneedsinordertomoveinitsorbitistheinitialspeedgivenitbythecarrierrocket.衛(wèi)星為了在其軌道上運(yùn)行，只需要運(yùn)載火箭給它的初速度。Familiartoallwithbuttheslightestexposuretoscientificliterature,thismodelshowstheatomasaminiaturesolarsystem.這個(gè)模型把原子表示為一個(gè)微型的太陽系統(tǒng)這點(diǎn)對(duì)于稍微了解科學(xué)文獻(xiàn)的所有人都是熟悉的。Thisanalysisyieldsathermalresistancefromtheferritetothecoolantchannelwallofapproximately36°C/W.這個(gè)分析得出了從鐵氧體到冷卻劑通道壁的熱阻大約為36°C/W。Instabilityisthetendencyincertainsystemsofaquantityassociatedwithenergy,suchascurrent,toincreaseindefinitelyintheabsenceofexcitation.下無限增加的趨勢(shì)。Eachnewdevelopmentisnaturallyatfirstveryimperfectentitiestheywerebelievedtobe.每一個(gè)新的發(fā)展在最初是很不完善的，而且如果有人的話也沒有幾個(gè)人能認(rèn)識(shí)到它的可行性。Inthecaseofthetheoryofrelativity,spaceandtimearenottheindependententitiestheywerebelievedtobe.在相對(duì)論的情況下，空間和時(shí)間不是過去人們總把它們認(rèn)為的那樣是獨(dú)立的東西。Theabsenceofatmosphereinspacewillallowthespacetelescopetoshowscientistslightsourcesasfaras14-billionlightyearsaway,someseventimesfartheroutthanthosevisibletothebiggestground-basedopticaltelescopes.由于太空中不存在大氣，所以科學(xué)家們可以通過太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡看到遠(yuǎn)達(dá)140億光年的光源，也就是比最大的地基光學(xué)望遠(yuǎn)鏡所能看到的遠(yuǎn)大約6倍。Theturningoftheearthonitsownaxisiswhatmakesthechangefromdaytonight.地球的自傳是引起晝夜交替變化的原因。Ineveryatominitsnormalstate,thenumberofprotonsequalsthenumberofelectrons,afactwhichisdirectlyrelatedtotheelectricalpropertiesoftheprotonandtheelectron.關(guān)。InpracticeweusuallyhavetofindhowlargetomakersoasforRr(b)tobelessthansomepermissibleerror.在實(shí)踐中，我們通常必須找出r為多大，以至于Rr(b)低于某個(gè)不允許的誤差。Anewtechnologyintroducedinthe1960s,lasercanpiercethehardestsubstancesuchasdiamond.作為20世紀(jì)60年代引入的一項(xiàng)新技術(shù)，激光能穿透像金剛這樣最堅(jiān)硬的物質(zhì)。Measuringanythingmeanscomparingitwithsomestandardtoseehowmanytimesasbigitis.測(cè)量任何東西意味著把它和某標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相比然后看它是該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的多少倍那么大。Faradaywasunabletocalculatethevelocityofpropagationofelectromagneticwaves,ataskwhichrequiredthemathematicalprecisionofMaxwell,whichFaradayentirelylacked.法拉第當(dāng)時(shí)不能計(jì)算出電磁波的傳播速度爾數(shù)學(xué)精度，而法拉第是根本不具備的。Iwouldliketothankthestudentswhopassedthroughmyhands,foritwastheywho,throughtheyears,helpedmetorefine,myinitialhesitanteffortsfromwhichthecontentsofthisvolumehavebeendeveloped.生了本書的內(nèi)容。Itistheexistenceofandtheabilitytocontrolpreciselythesetwoindependentcharge-transportmechanismsthatmakepossiblealljunctionsemiconductordevices.正是由于這兩種獨(dú)立的電荷傳送機(jī)制的存在并且能夠?qū)λ鼈冞M(jìn)行精確的控制，使得所有的結(jié)型半導(dǎo)體器件成為了可能。Inthetable,anotationofinfiniteimpedanceindicatesthattheterminatingimpedanceshouldbeaminimumof10to100timesthenominalimpedanceatthespecificport,andzerothatitshouldbewelllessthanatenththenominalimpedanceattheportandlessthanahundredthifpossible.10到100可能的話遠(yuǎn)小于特定端口標(biāo)稱阻抗的百分之一。Byafamilyofcurvesismeantaspecifiedsetofcurveswhichsatisfygivenconditions.所謂曲線族指的是能滿足給定條件的一組特定的曲線。Superimposedupontheseconsiderationsistheneedtoconserveenergyandmaterialresources.除了這些考慮因素之外我們還需要節(jié)省能源和材料的資源。Fig.3showshowitisthatacoilofwireinducesacurrentinanothercoilwhenthecurrentinitisturnedonoroff.圖3表示當(dāng)一個(gè)線圈中的電流被中斷時(shí)，它究竟如何在另一個(gè)線圈中感應(yīng)到電流。Shouldthesebombersencountersuchansystem,theresultscouldbefatal.一旦轟炸機(jī)遇到這種空防系統(tǒng)，其結(jié)果是致命的。Suchsourcessuffer,however,fromastrongfrequencyroll-offandtheresultingpowerlevelsaretypicallylimitedtoaboutafewtensofmicrowattsat1THZ.然而這一源容易遭受頻率的急降，在1T瓦。MaterialsthatdirectlyconvertradiationintoelectricitycouldproduceaneweraofspacecraftandevenEarth-basedvehiclespoweredbyhighpowerednuclearbatteries.將輻射直接轉(zhuǎn)換為電的材料可能將產(chǎn)生一個(gè)以大功率核電磁為動(dòng)力的宇宙飛船甚至地基運(yùn)載工具的新時(shí)代。Thematerialstheyaretestingwouldextractupto20timesmorepowerfromradioactivedecaythanthermoelectricmaterialsdofromthat.正在實(shí)驗(yàn)的材料從放射性衰變中取得的電能是溫插電材料從放射性衰變中取得電能的20倍。Testsoflayeredtilesofcarbonnanotubespackedwithgoldandsurroundedbylithiumhydrideareunderway.對(duì)碳納米管（管內(nèi)充滿黃金，管外一氫化鋁）夾層瓦的實(shí)驗(yàn)正在進(jìn)行。Devicesbasedontheradioactivematerialcouldbesmallenoughtopoweranythingfrominterplanetaryprobestoaircraftandlandvehicles.利用放射性物質(zhì)的裝置可以做得很小具提供動(dòng)力。Thetechnique,calledgaitanalysis,worksonthepremisethatitisextremelydifficulttodisguiseyourwalkingway.的。However,criticssaytherearedoubtsthatimagestakeninorbitwillbesharpenoughtobeusedasidentification.Therearealsoconcernsthatweatherandvisibilitywillaffectthequality.同時(shí)也需考慮到天氣和可見度也會(huì)影響到圖像質(zhì)量。Thisaccountsfortheobservationthattheresistivityofametalincreaseswithtemperature.這一點(diǎn)解釋了人們觀察到的情況：金屬的電阻率隨溫度的增加而增加的。Thequestionariseswhetherthisequationappliestoallcases.出現(xiàn)了這個(gè)問題：這個(gè)等式是否適用于各種情況。Nosimpleelectriccomponentactsasacurrentsourcethewayabatteryactsasavoltagesource.任何簡(jiǎn)單電子元件均不能像電池被用作為電壓源那樣被用作為電流源。Whatworriesnuclearphysicistsisthesafedisposalofnuclearwaste.使核物理學(xué)家擔(dān)憂的是如何安全地處理核廢料的問題。ThesafetyandspeedoftheInternetarewhatmatters.因特網(wǎng)的安全和速度是關(guān)鍵的。Thecenterofcurvatureofasphericalconcavemirroristhecenterofthesphereofwhichthemirrorisapart.球型凹面鏡曲率中心是該鏡子所處球體的中心。Withnanotechnologytohelp,wecanlearntorepairourbodies.因?yàn)橛辛思{米技術(shù)的幫助，所以我們能學(xué)著修復(fù)我們的人體。Insensitivetoadversetemperaturechanges,dustandvibration,thebubblememoryshowssuperiorreliabilityinshopenvironment.可靠性。Shortpasswordshavetoofewpermutationstopreventtheirbeingguessedbyrepeatedtrials.短密碼的排列太少了以至于我們不能通過反復(fù)試猜出來。Theoppositepolesofamagnetcannotbeseparatedfromoneanotherthewayoppositeelectricchargescan.磁體的兩個(gè)相反的極不能像相反的電荷那樣被彼此分割開來。Atthattime,onlyafewscientistsacceptedtheideathattherehadbeenalargeislandinwhatisnowthedeepestpartofthissea.當(dāng)時(shí)，只有幾位科學(xué)家相信這一事實(shí)，在現(xiàn)在的海洋最深處曾存在一個(gè)大島嶼。二、漢譯英1、顧名思義，電流就是電的流動(dòng)。Asthenameshows,anelectriccurrentistheflowofelectricity.2、晶體管與電子管相比有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)。Transistorshavemanyadvantagesoverelectrontubes.3、電阻越大，其消耗的能量就越多。Thelargertheresistance(is),themoreenergyitwilldissipates.4、該電容器上的電壓為零點(diǎn)零幾伏。Thevoltageacrossthiscapacitorisafewhundredthsofavolt.5、這所大學(xué)與五年前大不一樣了。Theuniversityisquitedifferentfromwhatitwasfiveyearsago.6、有證據(jù)表明導(dǎo)體的電阻隨溫度的變化是很小的。Thereisevidencethatthevariationoftheresistanceofaconductorwithtemperatureisverysmall.7、現(xiàn)有的窗戶均承受不了這么大的力。Nowindowsavailablecanwithstandsolargeaforce.8、本文所講的內(nèi)容值得一讀。Whatthisbookdescribesisworthreading.9、天線能接收在周圍可能存在的任何信號(hào)。Anantennareceivesanysignaltheremaybeabout.10、AC可以被轉(zhuǎn)換成DC，這一過程被稱為整流。ACcanbechangedintoDC,aprocesscalledrectification.11、中國(guó)具有數(shù)倍于法國(guó)那么大的面積。ChinahasseveraltimesaslargeanareaasFrance(does).12、這條電纜長(zhǎng)達(dá)一千公里。Thiscableisaslongas1000meters.13、電容器存儲(chǔ)電荷的能力取決于幾個(gè)因素。Theabilityofacapacitortostorechargesdependsonafewfactors.14、電流來自何方是沒有關(guān)系的。Itmakesnodifferencewherethecurrentcomesfrom.15Itisnotclearyetunderwhatconditionsitisthatthismethodmaybeused.16、有待于證明這個(gè)方程在此是否成立。Itremainstobeshownwhetherthisequationholdshere.17、這兩個(gè)數(shù)按什么順序加起來是沒有關(guān)系的。Itdoesnotmaterinwhatorderthesetwonumbersareadded.18、圖1-5畫出了輸入隨輸出的變化情況。Fig.1-5showsthevariationofoutputwithinput.19、溫度計(jì)不能指示出液體中存在的熱量。Athermometercannotindicatetheamountofheatthereisinaliquid.20、磁鐵能吸引鐵質(zhì)材料，這一性質(zhì)稱為磁性。Amagnetattractsironmaterial,apropertyreferredtoasmagnetism.21、電容越大，其儲(chǔ)存的電荷就越多。Thelargerthecapacitanceis,themorechargesitstore.22、這些因素確定了電容器儲(chǔ)存電荷的能力。Thesefactorsdeterminetheabilityofacapacitortostorecharges.23、構(gòu)成水的元素是氫和氧。Theelementofwhichwaterconsistarehydrogenandoxygen.24、必須利用這個(gè)式子來求出該物體運(yùn)動(dòng)的距離。Itisnecessarytousethisequationtofindoutthedistancethroughwhichthebodymoves.25、電流等于電壓除以電阻。Anelectriccurrentisequaltovoltagedividedbyresistance.26、這種特殊的電子設(shè)備是那個(gè)廠制造的。Thisspecialkindofelectronicdevicewasmadebythatfactory.27Theoppositionthataconductorofferstotheflowofelectronsiswhatwecallresistance.、他們不知道這個(gè)電流到底朝哪個(gè)方向流動(dòng)。Theydon’tknowinwhichdirectionitisthatthiscurrentflows.29、彈性是物體在形變后恢復(fù)到其原狀的趨勢(shì)。Elasticityisthetendencyofabodytoreturntoitsoriginalstateafterbeingdeformed.30、我們只需要測(cè)量該電容器上的電壓。Allweneeddoitmeasurethevoltageacrossthecapacitor.31、物體運(yùn)動(dòng)的方向也是很重要的。Thedirectionabodymovesisalsoveryimportant.32、這個(gè)電流流過的電阻器是很小的。Theresistanceofaresistorthroughwhichthecurrentflowsisverysmall.33、我們必須確定為提起這塊石頭需要多大的力。Itisnecessaryforustodeterminehowlargeaforceisrequiredtoliftthisstone.34、電阻越大，電容器達(dá)到其最大電壓所需的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)。Thegreatertheresistance,thelongerittakesforthecapacitortoreachitsmaximumvoltage.35、現(xiàn)在出現(xiàn)了這么個(gè)問題：這規(guī)則是否適合于解非線性方程呢？Thequestionnowariseswhetherthisruleissuitableforsolvingnon-linearequations.36、使自行車成為今天這個(gè)樣子花了很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。Ittookaverylongtimeforthebiketobecomewhatitistoday.37、這是一個(gè)以原點(diǎn)為圓心的圓。Thisisacirclewiththeoriginasitscenter.38、有人建議在太空制造藥物。Itissuggestthatdrugshouldbemadeinspace.三、改錯(cuò)1、本文主要論述對(duì)這種信號(hào)進(jìn)行Wiener濾波及其LMS算法。ThispapermainlydealswiththeWienerfilteringandLMSalgorithmofsuchsignals.正：Thispaper[dealsmainly]withtheWienerfilteringand[the]LMSalgorithm[for]suchsignals.2、這些特點(diǎn)使電子對(duì)抗系統(tǒng)難于對(duì)這種信號(hào)截獲、分析和干擾。Thesefeaturesmakeelectroniccounter-measuresystemsdifficulttointerceptandanalyzethiskindofsignalandjam.正：Thesefeaturesmake[itdifficultfor]electroniccounter-measuresystems[]interceptandanalyzethiskindofsignalandjam.3、最后，提出了實(shí)現(xiàn)這種方法應(yīng)注意的一些問題和解決辦法。Intheend,wepresentsomeproblemsthatdeservetobenotedinimplementingthismethodandsolvingways.正：[Finally],wepresentsomeproblemsthatdeserveto