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小升初英語語法復(fù)習(xí)提綱一、名詞可數(shù)名詞:表示可以具體個(gè)別存在的人或物??蓴?shù)名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)形式,其單數(shù)形式與不定冠詞a(n)連用??蓴?shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則:.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds.以s.x.sh.ch結(jié)尾,力口一es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries.以"f或fe"結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v,再加-es,如:knife-knives.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen, po1icewoman-polieewomen,mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,sheep-sheep,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese不可數(shù)名詞:表示不能個(gè)別存在的事物,如液體類,氣體類的物質(zhì);少數(shù)固體類的物質(zhì)(grass草,ice冰),抽象的名詞(help幫助,music音樂)。不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)(如somewater),不能與不定冠詞連用。寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)photo diary daydressthief yo-yo
teamanwomanbananabuschildfootsheepleaf(樹葉)dishknifepenboybabymapcity boxbookclasseyeofficecarfox(狐貍)watchlibrarypearskirtshelfcinematomatotoothwifeEnglishmanmilkFrenchmanpostmanfamilymousepeople(人們)fishpeach_ juice water ricebrush paper
mango Japanese sandwichpolicemanwatermelon Chinesestrawberrymatch glass二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法介紹一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能:.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如:Theskyisblue.天空是藍(lán)色的。.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如:Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六點(diǎn)起床。.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如:Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成:.be動(dòng)詞:主語+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:Iamaboy.我是一個(gè)男孩。注意:(我用am,你用are,三單is,復(fù)數(shù)are。).行為動(dòng)詞:主語+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。如:WestudyEnglish.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。注意:(當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he,she,it)時(shí),要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如:MarylikesChinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化:.be動(dòng)詞的變化。肯定句:主語+be+其它。 如:Heisaworker.他是工人。否定句:主語+be+not+其它。 Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑問句:Be+主語+其它。(be動(dòng)詞移到句首)
如:Iamastudent.-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句。如:Mybikeisunderthetree.Isyourbikeunderthetree?Whereisyourbike?.行為動(dòng)詞的變化。肯定句:主語+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。否定句:主語+don't(doesn't)+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。如:Ilikebread.Idon't1ikebread.當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如:Heofterplaysfootball.Hedoesn'toftenplayfootball.一般疑問句:Do(Does)+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。(句首加助動(dòng)詞do,does)如:Ioftenplayfootball.-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問句。如:Shegoestoschoolbybike.-Doesshegotoschoolbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句。如:Shegoestoschoolbybike.Doesshegotoschoolbybike?Howdoesshegotoschool?動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks,milk-milks以s.x.sh.ch.o結(jié)尾,力口一es,如:guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes以“輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾,變y為i,再加-es,如:study-studies一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法專練:一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)drinkgostaymakelookhavepasscarrycomewatchplantflystudybrushdoteach二、用am,is,are填空1.I aboy.youaboy?No,I not2.Thegirl_ Jack'ssister.3.Thedog— tallandfat.Themanwithbigeyesateacher.yourbrotherintheclassroom?Whereyourmother?Sheathome.Howyourfather?MikeandLiuTaoatschool.Whosedressthis?Whosesocksthey?Thatmyredskirt.WhoI?Thejeansonthedesk.Hereascarfforyou.Heresomesweatersforyou.TheblackglovesforSuYang.ThispairofglovesforYangLing.Thetwocupsofmilkforme.Someteaintheglass.GaoShan'sshirtoverthere.Mysister,snameNancy.ThisnotWangFang'spencil.DavidandHelenfromEngland?Thereagirlintheroom.Theresomeapplesonthetree.thereanykitesintheclassroom?thereanyapplejuiceinthebottle?Theresomebreadontheplate.Thereaboy,twogirls,threemenandtenwomeninthepark.You,heandIfromChina.三、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Heoften(have)dinnerathome.DavidandTom(be)inClassOne.We(notwatch)TVonMonday.Mike(notgo)tothezooonSunday.they(like)theWorldCup?Whattheyoften(do)onSaturdays?yourparents(read)newspaperseveryday?Thegirl(teach)usEnglishonSundays.SheandI(take)awalktogethereveryevening.There(be)somewaterinthebottle.Mike(like)cooking.They(have)thesamehobby.Myaunt(look)afterherbabycarefully.Youalways(do)yourhomeworkwell.I(be)ill.rmstayinginbed.She(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.LiuTao(do)notlikePE.Thechildoften(watch)TVintheevening.SuHaiandSuYang(have)eightlessonsthisterm.—Whatday(be)ittoday?—It'sSaturday.四、按照要求改寫句子DavidwatchesTVeveryevening.(改為否定句)Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改為一般疑問句,作否定回答)Shelikesmilk.(改為一般疑問句,作肯定回答)Helenlikesplayingcomputergames.(改為一般疑問句,作否定回答)Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改為否定句)
HespeaksEnglishverywell.(改為否定句)Iliketakingphotosinthepark.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)JimcomesfromCanada.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.(改為一般疑問句,作否定回答)TomandDavidlikegoingskating.(改為否定句)五、改錯(cuò)(劃出錯(cuò)誤的地方,將正確的寫在橫線上)IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?Doeshelikesgoingfishing?Helikesplaygamesafterclass.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish.Shedon,tdoherhomeworkonSundays.三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí).現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。(句中一般含有now,look,listen.).現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動(dòng)詞ing.如:Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy..現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not。
如:Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.Tomisnotreadingbooksinhisstudy..現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。如:Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.IsTomreadingbooksinhisstudy?.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:疑問詞+一般疑問句?(注意:當(dāng)劃線部分包含謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí),用疑問詞代替劃線部分放到句首,原劃線處應(yīng)加上doing)如:Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy如:Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.IsTomreadingbooksinhisstudy?WhatisTomdoinginhisstudy?動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.IsTomreadingbooksinhisstudy?WhereisTomreadingbooks?.一般情況下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾,去e加ing,如:make-making,taste-tasting.如果末尾是輔音字母加一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母,雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加ing,如:run-running,stop-stopping現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí):一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞:playrunswimmakegolikewriteskireadhave.singdanceputseebuylovelivetakecome一getstopsitbeginshop二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空:Theboy(draw)apicturenow.Listen.Somegirls(sing)intheclassroom.Mymother(cook)somenicefoodnow.Whatyou(do)now?Look.They(have)anEnglishlesson.They(not,water)theflowersnow.Look!thegirls(dance)intheclassroom.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She(listen)tomusic.It's5o'clocknow.We(have)suppernow10.Helen(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換:Theyaredoinghousework.(分別改成一般疑問句和否定句)Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改一般疑問句并作肯定和否定回答)3.1'mplayingthefootballintheplayground.(對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行提問)4.Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.(對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行提問)四、將來時(shí)理論及練習(xí)一、概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。句中一般有以下時(shí)間狀語:tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,thedayaftertomorrow(后天)等。二、基本結(jié)構(gòu):①begoingto+do;如:Iamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow.②will+do. 如:Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.三、否定句:在be動(dòng)詞(am,is,are)后加not或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will后加not成won'to如:Iamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow,fIamnotgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow.Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.-*-1willnotgoswimmingtomorrow.四、一般疑問句:be動(dòng)詞或will提到句首,some改為any,and改為or,第一二人稱互換。如:Iamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow.-*Areyougoingtogoswimmingtomorrow?Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow. yougoswimmingtomorrow?五、對(duì)劃線部分提問。(疑問詞+一般疑問句?)一般情況,一般將來時(shí)的對(duì)劃線部分有三種情況。1問人。Who例如:Iamgoingtoschool. Tomwill go to school.Areyougoingtoschool? WillTom go to school?Who,sgoingtoschool? Whowill go to school?2^問干什么。What…do.例如:Myfatherisgoingtowatcharacewithmethisafternoon.Isyourfathergoingtowatcharacewithyouthisafternoon.?Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon?Myfatherwillwatcharacewithmethisafternoon.Willyourfatherwatcharacewithyouthisafternoon.?Whatwillyourfatherdowithyouthisafternoon?3、問什么時(shí)候oWhen.例如:Sheisgoingtoswimatnine.Shewillswimatnine.Isshegoingtoswimatnine?Willsheswimatnine?Whenisshegoingtoswim?Whenwillsheswim?六、同義句:begoingto=will(begoingto常指客觀情況,will常指主觀情況)Iamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow(明天).=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.一、改句子。Nancyisgoingtogocamping.(改否定)Nancygoingtogocamping.I'11goandjointhem.(改否定)Igojointhem.rmgoingtogetupat6:30tomorrow.(改一般疑問句)togetupat6:30tomorrow?Wewillmeetatthebusstopat10:30.(改一般疑問句)meetatthebusstopat10:30.Sheisgoingtolistentomusicafterschool.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)sheafterschool?Myfatherandmotheraregoingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.(同上)goingtoseeaplaythedayaftertomorrow.二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Todayisasunnyday.We(have)apicnicthisafternoon.Mybrother(go)toShanghainextweek.Tomoften(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He(go)toschoolbybike.Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually(watch)TVand(catch)insects?It'sFridaytoday.Whatshe(do)thisweekend?She(watch)TVand(catch)insects.What(do)youdolastSunday?I(pick)applesonafarm.What(do)nextSunday?I (milk)cows.Mary(visit)hergrandparentstomorrow.LiuTao(fly)kitesintheplaygroundyesterday.David(give)apuppetshownextMonday.I(plan)formystudynow.五、一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。一般過去時(shí)也表示過去經(jīng)?;蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Be動(dòng)詞在一般過去時(shí)中的變化:
⑴am和is在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。(wasnot=wasn,t)⑵are在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。(werenot=weren,t)⑶帶有was或were的句子,其否定、疑問的變化和is,am,are一樣,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑問句把was或were調(diào)到句首。句中沒有be動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)的句子否定句:didn't+動(dòng)詞原形,如:Jimwenthomeyesterday.Jimdidn'tgohomeyesterday.一般疑問句:在句首加did,句子中的動(dòng)詞過去式變回原形。如:Jimwenthomeyesterday.DidJimgohomeyesterday?特殊疑問句:⑴疑問詞+一般疑問句?如:Jimwenthomeyesterday.DidJimgohomeyesterday?WhatdidJimdoyesterday?動(dòng)詞過去式變化規(guī)則:.一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled,cook-cooked.結(jié)尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted.末尾是輔音字母加一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié),應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加一ed,如:stop-stopped.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的,變y為i,再加-ed,如:study-studied.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式:詞義現(xiàn)在(原形)過去是am,is(be)was;是are(be)were;成為becomebecame開始beginbegan;彎曲bendbent;吹blowblew買buybought;能cancould ;捕捉catchcaught選擇choosechose;來comecame ;切cutcut做do,doesdid;畫drawdrew ;飲drinkdrank
吃eatate;感覺feelfelt;發(fā)現(xiàn)findfound飛flyflew;忘t己forgetforgot;得至!Jgetgot給givegave走gowent;成長growgrew;有have,hashad聽hearheard;受傷hurthurt;保持keepkept知道knowknew;學(xué)習(xí)learnlearned,learnt允許,讓letlet躺lielay;制造makemade;可以maymight意味meanmeant;會(huì)見meetmet ;必須mustmust放置putput;讀readread ;騎、乘riderode響、鳴ringrang;跑runran ;說saysaid看見seesaw;將shallshould;唱歌singsang坐下sitsat;睡覺sleepslept;說speakspoke度過spendspent;掃sweepswept過去時(shí)練習(xí)寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去式is\amfly plant aredrinkplay go makedoesdance worry asktasteeat draw putthrowkick pass doBe動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)練習(xí)(1)一、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Iatschooljustnow.Heatthecamplastweek.Westudentstwoyearsago.Theyonthefarmamomentago.YangLingelevenyearsoldlastyear.Thereanappleontheplateyesterday.TheresomemilkinthefridgeonSunday.Themobilephoneonthesofayesterdayevening.二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換Itwasexciting.否定句: 一般疑問句: 肯、否定回答: Allthestudentswereveryexcited.否定句: 一般疑問句: 肯、否定回答: _Theywereinhispocket.否定句: —— 一般疑問句: 肯、否定回答: _Be動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)練習(xí)(2)一、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空IanEnglishteachernow.Shehappyyesterday.Theygladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.HelenandNancygoodfriends.Thelittledogtwoyearsoldthisyear.Look,therelotsofgrapeshere.ThereasignonthechaironMonday..TodaythesecondofJune.YesterdaythefirstofJune.It.Children'sDay.Allthestudentsveryexcited.二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Therewasacarinfrontofthehousejustnow.否定句: 一般疑問句: 肯、否定回答: 肯、否定回答: 行為動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)練習(xí)(1)一、用行為動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空He(live)inWuxitwoyearsago.Thecat(eat)abirdlastnight.We(have)apartylastHalloween.Nancy(pick)uporangesonthefarmlastweek.I(make)amodelshipwithMikeyesterday.They(play)chessintheclassroomlastPElesson.Mymother(cook)anicefoodlastSpringFestival.Thegirls(sing)and(dance)attheparty.二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換SuHaitooksomephotosattheSportsday.否定句: 一般疑問句: 肯、否定回答: Nancywenttoschoolearly.否定句: 一般疑問句: 肯、否定回答: WesangsomeEnglishsongs.否定句: 一般疑問句: 肯、否定回答: 行為動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)練習(xí)(2)NameNo.Date一、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空I(watch)acartoononSaturday.Herfather.(read)anewspaperlastnight.Wetozooyesterday,wetothepark,(go)you.(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?he(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he.GaoShan(pull)upcarrotslastNationalDayholiday.I(sweep)theflooryesterday,butmymotherWhatshe(find)inthegardenlastmorning?She
(find)abeautifulbutterfly.3.二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Theyplayedfootballintheplayground.否定句: 一般疑問句: 肯、否定回答: 過去時(shí)綜合練習(xí)(1)用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空It(be)Ben'sbirthdaylastFriday.Weall(have)agoodtimelastnight.He(jump)highonlastSportsDay.Helen(milk)acowonFriday.Shelikesnewspapers,butsheabookyesterday,(read)Hefootballnow,buttheybasketballjustnow.(play)Jim'smother(plant)treesjustnow.they(sweep)theflooronSunday?No,they.I(watch)acartoononMonday.We(go)toschoolonSunday.過去時(shí)綜合練習(xí)(2)用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.IIMrWhite1.IIMrWhite(go)tohisofficebycar.
GaoShan(put)thebookonhisheadamomentago.Don*tthehouse.Mumityesterday,(clean)Whatyoujustnow?Isome housework,(do)They(make)akiteaweek ago.Iwant toapples.Butmydadall ofthemlastmonth, (pick)hetheflowersthismorning?Yes,he.(water)She(be)aprettygirl.Look,she(do)Chinesedances.Thestudentsoften(draw)somepicturesintheartroom.WhatMikedoonthefarm?Hecows,(milk)六、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)復(fù)習(xí)及練習(xí)A、形容詞的比較級(jí)1、形容詞比較級(jí)在句子中的運(yùn)用:兩個(gè)事物或人的比較用比較級(jí),比較級(jí)后面一般帶有單詞than。比較級(jí)前面可以用more,alittle來修飾表示程度。than后的人稱代詞用主格(口語中可用賓格)。.形容詞加er的規(guī)則:⑴一般在詞尾加er;⑵以字母e結(jié)尾,加r;⑶以輔音字母加一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾(除ow結(jié)尾),應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加er;⑷以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,先把y變i,再加er。(5)兩個(gè)音節(jié)或兩個(gè)以上的音節(jié)的,在原級(jí)前加more如:beautiful-morebeautiful.不規(guī)則形容詞比較級(jí):good-betterB、副詞的比較級(jí).形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別(有be用形,有形用be;有動(dòng)用副,有副用動(dòng))
⑴在句子中形容詞一般處于名詞之前或be動(dòng)詞之后⑵副詞在句子中最常見的是處于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之后.副詞比較級(jí)的變化規(guī)則基本與形容詞比較級(jí)相同(不規(guī)則變化:well-better,far-farther)☆表示兩者之間沒有差別時(shí),使用句型:主語(第一個(gè)人物)+謂語動(dòng)詞+as+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as+第二個(gè)人物+….如:Lilyranasslowasanoldwoman.(莉莉跑得像老太太一樣慢)Theypickedasmanyapplesasthefarmers.(他們摘的蘋果和農(nóng)民一樣多)☆表示第一個(gè)人比不上第二個(gè)人時(shí),使用句型:主語(第一個(gè)人物)+謂語動(dòng)詞(否定式)+as+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as+第二個(gè)人物+….如:Lilydidnotrunasslowasanoldwoman.(莉莉跑得不像老太太那樣慢)Theydidn'tpickasmanyapplesasthefarmers.(他們摘的蘋果不如農(nóng)民多)一、寫出下列形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)oldyoungtalllongshortstrongbigsmallfatthinheavylightnicegoodbeautifullowhighslowfastlateearlyfarwell二、根據(jù)句意填入單詞的正確形式:
Mybrotheristwoyears(old)thanme.Tomisas(fat)asJim.Isyoursister(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.Whois(thin),youorHelen?Helenis.Whosepencil-boxis(big),yoursorhers?Hersis.Mary'shairisas(long)asLucy's.Ben(jump)(high)thansomeoftheboysinhisclass.Nancysing(well)thanHelen?Yes,she.Fangfangisnotas(tall)astheothergirls.Myeyesare(big)than(she)..Whichis(heavy),theelephantorthepig?Whogetsup(early),TimorTom?thegirlsgetup(early)thantheboys?No,they.Jimruns(slow).ButBenruns(slow).Thechilddoesn't(write)as(fast)asthestudents.七、Therebe句型與have,has的區(qū)別1、Therebe句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)2、在therebe句型中,主語是單數(shù),be動(dòng)詞用is;主語是復(fù)數(shù),be動(dòng)詞用are;如有幾件物品,be動(dòng)詞根據(jù)最靠近be動(dòng)詞的那個(gè)名詞決定。3、therebe句型的否定句在be動(dòng)詞后加not,一般疑問句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。4、therebe句型與have(has)的區(qū)別:therebe表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has)表示某人擁有某物。5、some和any在therebe句型中的運(yùn)用:some用于肯定句,any用于否定句或疑問句。
6>and和or在therebe句型中的運(yùn)用:and用于肯定句,or用于否定句或疑問句。7、針對(duì)數(shù)量提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:Howmany+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+arethere+介詞短語?Howmuch+不可數(shù)名詞+isthere+介詞短語?8、針對(duì)主語提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:What's+介詞短語?Fillintheblankwith"have,has"or"thereis,thereare”Iagoodfatherandagoodmother.atelescopeonthedesk.He atape-recorder.abasketballintheplayground.Shesomedresses.They anicegarden.Whatdoyou?areading-roominthebuilding?WhatdoesMike ?anybooksinthebookcase?Myfatherastory-book.astory-bookonthetable.anyflowersinthevase?Howmanystudentsintheclassroom?Myparentssomenicepictures.somemapsonthewall.amapoftheworldonthewall.Davidatelescope.David,sfriendssometents.manychildrenonthehill.用恰當(dāng)?shù)腷e動(dòng)詞填空。1、Therealotofsweetsinthebox.2、Theresomemilkintheglass.Theresomepeopleunderthethebigtree.Thereapictureandamaponthewall.Thereaboxofrubbersnearthebooks.Therelotsofflowersinourgardenlastyear.Thereatinofchickenbehindthefridgeyesterday.Therefourcupsofcoffeeonthetable.Fillintheblankwith"have,has”1.I anicepuppet.2.He agoodfriend.3.They _somemasks.4.We_someflowers.5.She _aduck.6.Myfather anewbike.7.Hermother_ avase.8.Ourteacher_ anEnglishbook.9.Ourteachers abasketball.10.Theirparents someblankets11.Nancy manyskirts.Davidsomejackets.Myfriendsafootball.What doyou?What doesMike?What doyourfriends?What doesHelen?Hisbrotherabasketball.Hersisteranicedoll.MissLianEnglishbook.八、人稱代詞和物主代詞1、人稱代詞主格和賓格的區(qū)別:主格通常位于句中第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞之前(有時(shí)候位于than之后),賓格一般位于動(dòng)詞或介詞之后。2、物主代詞形容詞性與名詞性的區(qū)別:形容詞性用時(shí)后面一般要帶上名詞,名詞性則單獨(dú)使用,后面不帶名詞。人稱代詞物主代詞主格賓格形容詞性名詞性我Ime我的mymine你,你們youyou你的,你們的youryours他hehim他的hishis她sheher她的herhers它itit它的itsits我們weus我們的ourours他(她,它)們theythem他(她,它)們的theirtheirs一.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Thatisnotkite.Thatkiteisverysmall,butisverybig.(I)Thedressis.Giveitto.(she)Isthiswatch?(you)No,it'snot.(I)isJack.Look!Thosestampsare .(he)dressesarered.(we)Whatcolourare?(you)Herearemanydolls,whichoneis? (she)Icanfindmytoy,butwhere's?(you)Showyourkite,OK?(they)IisMimi.Thesecakesare.(it)Arethesetickets?No,arenotaren'there.(they)Shallhavealookatthatclassroom?Thatisclassroom.(we)ismyaunt.Doyouknowjob?anurse.(she)Thatisnotcamera.isathome.(he)Whereare?Ican'tfind.Let'scallparents.(they)Don'ttouch.notacat,atiger!sisterisill.Pleasegoandget.(she)don,tknowhername.Wouldyoupleasetell.(we)
Somanydogs.Let*scount.(they)Ihavealovelybrother.isonly3.Ilikeverymuch.(he)MayIsitbeside?(you)Lookatthatdesk.Thosebookareon(it)Thegirlbehindisourfriend,(she)二、選出括號(hào)中正確的詞,在正確的詞上打勾。1.Thisis(my/I)mother.3.(He1.Thisis(my/I)mother.3.(He/His)nameisMark.5.Excuse(me/my/I).7. (1/My)amBen.8.2.Nicetomeet(your/you).4.What's(she/her)name?6.Are(your/you)MissLi?/Her)ismysister.10.Howoldis(he/his)(She9.Fine,thank(your/you).三、單項(xiàng)選擇。) 1.Myunclegaveanewbiketo,A.theirs B.they C.me D.I( ) 2.Thisisaphotooffamily.MayIhaveoneof?A.yours;my B.my;yoursC.your;myD.yours;mine( ) 3. Here'sapostcardforyou,Jim! -Oh, isfrom Mary.A.he B.it C.she D.it's( ) 4. TheyaskedsomequestionsEnglish.A.me;about B.I;about C.I;with D.me;with()5.Helpanswerthequestions.A.I B.my C.me D.mine)6.Thesearemybooks.Whereare
A.theirB.theirsC.myD.yourA.theirB.theirsC.myD.your四、改錯(cuò)Minewalletisonthebed.Thisisn'tMike'swatch,it'sher.Isthisyourteapot?No,it'stheirsteapot.Whosecombisit?It'sour.五、用適當(dāng)?shù)奈镏鞔~填空Thisis(my)book.(your)isinthebag.Theclassroomis(our) .Arethesewatches(her)?No.(her)watchesareathome.Theyaren't(his)teapots.Theyare(their).Thebigmirroris(his) .Thatisnot(my)comb.It*s(her).Isthiscalculator(your)?Thishairdryerisn'tmysister's.It's(my).六、根據(jù)中文提示,用代詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Thereisanewdressfor(他的)sister.Thisis(我的)wallet.(我的)isred.3、(誰的)calculatorsarethese?(他們)are(我們的).4、Give(她)atoy,please.5、(你們的)eyesareblack.(你們)comefromJapan.6、TimandBillaretwins.(他們)arefromEngland.Show(他們)around(我們的)school.7、Givethebookto(我).8、Thesebooksare(他的).(他的)booksarenew.拓展提高:名詞所有格:1、 名詞所有格表示所屬關(guān)系,相當(dāng)于物主代詞,在句中作定語、賓語或主語。其構(gòu)成法如下:⑴表示人或其它有生命的東西的名詞常在詞尾加'S。如:Childern'sDay(兒童節(jié)),mysister'sbook(我姐姐的書)(2)以s或es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。只在詞尾加'。如:Teachers'Day(教師節(jié))⑶有些表示時(shí)間、距離以及世界、國家、城鎮(zhèn)等無生命的名詞,也可在詞尾加's.如:today'snewspaper(今天的報(bào)紙),tenminutes'break(十分鐘的課間休息),China'spopulation(中國的人口).(4)無論表示有生命還是無生命的東西的名詞,一般均可用介詞of短語來表示所有關(guān)系。如:afinedaughteroftheParty(黨的好女兒).2、[注解]:①飛還可以表示某人的家或者某個(gè)店鋪,如:myaunt's(我阿姨家),thedoctor's(診所)②兩人共有某物時(shí),可以采用AandB's的形式,如:LucyandLilyrsbedroom(露西和麗麗合住的臥室)③“of+名詞所有格/名詞性物主代詞",稱為雙重所有格,如:afriendofmyfather1s(我父親的一位朋友),afriendofmine(我的一位朋友)短語翻譯:.我的的爺爺2.杰姆的房間.我奶奶的錢包 4.那些學(xué)生的書5.這些工人的外套 _6.那些小孩的父母7.那些男人的帽子8.那間教室的窗戶9.海倫的同學(xué)10.這些男孩的床11.湯姆的姑父12.我兄弟的鋼筆 13.那些老師的書桌]4.這些醫(yī)生的杯子15.那些女孩的座位 16.那些女人的自行車17.那些警察的褲子18.那個(gè)書包的顏色 縮略形式寫出下列詞的完全形式can'tI'daren'tthey're let,s_wasn,tthat*sdon,twhen'sdidn'tyou,redoesn,t he'sshe'sI'misn't I'veshouldn'trii who's 冠詞1、冠詞分類及讀法:英語中冠詞有不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種,常放在名詞的前面,用來限定名詞的意義,起泛指或特指的作用。定冠詞the讀法:單獨(dú)念時(shí)讀[Ti:],在句子中常發(fā)[Ti](元音之前)或者[T□(輔音之前);1、不定冠詞a/an的讀法:單獨(dú)念時(shí)讀[ei]/[An];在句子中常發(fā)[[]/[[n]o2、不定冠詞a/an的用法:不定冠詞a/an用在單數(shù)名詞的前面,a用在輔音開頭的詞前面;an用在元音開頭的詞的前面。不定冠詞的基本用法:(1)表示某一個(gè)人或東西,但不具體說明何人或何物。如:Thereisadoglyingontheground.(有一只狗躺在地上。)(2)表示某類人或事物,以區(qū)別于其他種類。如:Aelephantismuchstrongerthanaman.(大象比人強(qiáng)壯多了。)(不能譯為:一頭大象比一個(gè)人強(qiáng)壯。)(2)表示某類人或事物中的任何一個(gè)。如:HeisateacherofEnglish.(他是英語教師。)(4)表示"一”這個(gè)數(shù)量。如:Thereisatableandfourchairsinthatdining-room.(在那個(gè)餐廳里有一張桌子和四把椅子。)(5)幾個(gè)用不定冠詞的習(xí)語:abit(一點(diǎn)),alittle(一點(diǎn)),afew(幾個(gè)),alot(許多),akindof(一種),apairof(一副、一雙),anumberof(大量的),apieceof(一張、一片),halfanhour(半小時(shí)),haveagoodtime(玩得開心),haveacold(感冒),makeanoise(發(fā)出嘈雜聲),have/takea(rest等)(休息)一會(huì)兒,等等。3、定冠詞the的用法:定冠詞the用在可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)的名詞前面。定冠詞的基本用法:(1)表示特指的人或事物。如:ThemanwithaflowerinhishandisJack..(手上拿著一朵花的男人是杰克)(2)指談話雙方都熟悉的人或事物。如:Lookattheblackboard,Lily.(莉莉,請(qǐng)看黑板。)(3)復(fù)述前面提到過的人或事物。如:Thereisamanunderthetree.ThemaniscalledRobert.(樹下有個(gè)人, 那個(gè)人叫羅伯特。)(4)表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物。如:Theearthturnsaroundthesun.(地球繞太陽旋轉(zhuǎn)。)用在表示方位的名詞前面。如:TherewillbestrongwindtothesouthoftheYangtzeRiver.(長江以南地區(qū)將會(huì)刮大風(fēng)。)(6)在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)的前面。如:Whoisthefirstonetogo?(誰第一個(gè)去?)/Ofallthestars,thesunisthenearesttotheearth.(在所有的恒星之中太陽離地球最近)常用在樂器名稱的前面。如:Hebegantoplaytheviolinattheageof5.(五歲時(shí)他開始拉小提琴)用在江河、海洋、山脈等名稱的前面。如:IhaveneverbeentotheHimalayaMountains.(我從來沒有去過喜馬拉雅山)(9)用在含有普通名詞的專有名詞的前面。如:HeisfromtheUnitedStatesofAmerica.(他來自美利堅(jiān)合眾國)(10)用在姓氏之前表示一家人。如:TheGreensaregoingtoMountEmeinextmonth.(下個(gè)月格林一家要去峨眉山)(11)same之前一般用the。如:LucyandLilylookthesame.(露西和莉莉看上去長得一樣)(12)幾個(gè)用定冠詞的習(xí)語:atthesametime(與此同時(shí)),makethebed(鋪床),intheend(最后),allthetime(一直),bytheway(順便說一下),ontheway(在路上)等等。4、一些不用冠詞的情況:(1)專有名詞和(第一次使用)一些不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)前面通常不用。如:Chinaisaverylargecountry.(中國是個(gè)大國)/Manneedsairandwater.(人類需要空氣和水)(2)名詞前已有指示、物主或不定代詞作定語時(shí)不用。如:Mypenismuchmoreexpensivethanyours.(我的鋼筆比你的昂貴多了)(3)周名,月名或季節(jié)名前一般不用。如:HewasbornonMonday,February18,1995.(他出生在1995年二月十八日,星期一)/Theyusuallyplanttreesonthehillsinspring.(春天他們通常在山上植樹)(4)(第一次使用)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示人或事物的類別時(shí)不用。如:Menareclevererthanmonkeys.(人比猴子聰明)三餐飯前不用。如:Wehavebreakfastathomeandlunchatschool.(我們?cè)诩页栽顼?在校吃午飯)節(jié)、假日前一般不用。如:OnChildren,sDaytheboysoftengetpresentsfromtheirparents.(在兒童節(jié),這些男孩經(jīng)常得到父母的禮物)球類名詞前不用。如:ThechiIdrenplayfootballonSaturdayafternoons.(孩子們星期六下午踢足球)(8)城市的重要/主要建筑物名稱前不用。如:TheyarenowatPeople'sCinema.(他們此刻在人民電影院)一些習(xí)慣用語中不用。如:⑴at/to/from/outof/after/forschool;(2)in/to/for/afterclass;(3)in/to/outof/intobed;(4)after/at/from/outof/towork;(5)at/tosea;(6)in/from/down/totown;(7)at/fromhome;(8)at/for/tobreakfast/lunch/supper;(9)atnight/noon/midnight;(10)onfoot;(11)gotoschool/bed;(12)ontopof;(13)infrontof;(14)onshow/display/duty/watch;(15)in/outofhospital;(16)atall;(17)on/intime;(18)atfirst/last/once;(19)inChinese/English,etc.;QO)takecareof介詞:1、介詞的主要用法:介詞是一種虛詞,不能獨(dú)立使用。介詞之后一般有名詞或代詞(賓格)或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語或從句作它的賓語,即構(gòu)成介詞短語。有些介詞是由兩個(gè)以上的詞構(gòu)成的短語介詞,如:outof(從…中出來),awayfrom(距離…),nextto(在…隔壁),infrontof(在…前方)等。2、介詞的分類表:(見下表)地點(diǎn)(位置、范圍)介詞:after在…后面,at在…處,before在...前,behind在...后,beside在...旁邊,between在...之間,from來自...,in在...里面,near靠近...,on在...上面,outside在....外面,under在...下方,infrontof在...前,inthemiddleof在...的中間,atthebackof在...的后部,等等。方向(目標(biāo)趨向)介詞:along沿著...,around繞著...,at朝著...,down向…下,for向...,from從/離...,in進(jìn)入...,into進(jìn)入...,near接近...,off脫離/除...,outof向...外,outside向....夕卜,to向/朝...,up向...上,awayfrom遠(yuǎn)離...時(shí)間介詞:about大約,after在…以后,at在…(時(shí)刻),before在…以前,for有…(之久),from從…(時(shí))起,in在(上/下午);on在(某日),past過了…(時(shí)),to到(下一時(shí)刻),方式介詞:as作為/當(dāng)作...,by用/由/乘坐/被...,in用…(語言),like與 樣,on騎(車)/徒(步),with用(材料),用(手/腳/耳/眼),涉及介詞:about關(guān)于..,in在(方面),of…的,有關(guān)..,to對(duì)…而言,with就…而言其它介詞:【目的介詞】for為了...,to為了…(比較介詞】as與 ?樣,like象 -樣,than比...,to與…相比少,【伴隨/狀態(tài)介詞】at在(上班/休息/上學(xué)/家,etc.),in穿著…(衣服/顏色),on在(值日),with與 1起,有/帶著/長著...3、介詞短語的句法作用:介詞短語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞或副詞,可用作狀語、定語和表語。如:Themancame<downthestairs〉.(狀)(那個(gè)人走下樓來)/Thewoman<withafloweronherhead>isfromthecountryside.(定)(頭上戴花的婦女來自鄉(xiāng)下)/Theteacherisnowwiththestudents.(表)(老師現(xiàn)在和學(xué)生在一起)4、介詞短語在句子中的位置:介詞短語做狀語時(shí),如果表示時(shí)間/地點(diǎn),可以放在句首或句尾,如果表示方向/方式/伴隨/涉及/原因/目的/比較,一般放在句尾;介詞短語作表語時(shí)放在連系動(dòng)詞之后;介詞短語作定語時(shí),只能放在被修飾的名詞之后。如:HewantedtofindagoodjobinShanghaithenextyear.(狀語)(他想來年在上海找份好工作)/Theysearchedtheroomforthethief.(他們?cè)诜块g里搜索小偷)/Thelettersareforyou.(表語)(信是給你的)/Haveyouseenacatwithablackheadandfourwhitelegs?(定語)(你看見一只黑頭白腿的貓了嗎?)5、重要注釋:⑴this/that/these/those/last/next/a/every/each等詞構(gòu)成的時(shí)間短語,前面不用任何介詞。如:EveryyeartravellersfromabroadcometovisitPingyao.(每年都有國外的游客來游覽平窯鎮(zhèn))/Hehadabadcoldthatweek.(那個(gè)星期他患重感冒)⑵記住一些固定詞組:onfoot(步行),atnight(在晚上),playwith(玩耍 ),lookoutof(朝…外面看),withone*shelp(在…的幫助下),lookafter(照料…),lookfor(尋找…),onabike(=bybike)騎車,helpsb.with(幫某人做…)等等。6、某些介詞的用法辨析:⑴時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)介詞in、on、at的用法區(qū)別:表示時(shí)間時(shí),in表示在一段時(shí)間里(在將來時(shí)句子中則表示在一段時(shí)間之后),on表示在具體的某一天或者某天的上下午等,at表示在某個(gè)時(shí)刻或者瞬間; 表示地點(diǎn)時(shí),in表示在某個(gè)范圍之內(nèi),on表示在某個(gè)平面上或與一個(gè)面相接觸,at則表示在某個(gè)具體的場(chǎng)所或地點(diǎn)。如:HewasbornonthemorningofMay10th.(他出生于五月十日的早晨)/Iusuallygetupat7:00inthemorning.(我通常在早上的七點(diǎn)鐘起床)/Hisglassesarerightonhisnose.(他的眼鏡就架在他的鼻子上)/Heisatthecinemaatthemoment.(此刻他正在電影院)⑵after與in表示時(shí)間的用法區(qū)別:"after+(具體時(shí)刻/從句)”表示"在…時(shí)刻之后”常用于一般時(shí)態(tài);“in+(一段時(shí)間)”表示“在(多久)之后”,常用于將來時(shí)態(tài)。如:Hesaidthathewouldbehereafter6:00.(他說他六點(diǎn)鐘之后會(huì)來這兒)/MyfatheriscomingbackfromEnglandinaboutamonth.(我父親大約一個(gè)月以后從英國回來)⑶by、in與with表示方式的用法區(qū)別:都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by主要表示“乘坐”某個(gè)交通工具或“以……方式”,in表示“使用”某種語言/文字,with表示“使用“某個(gè)具體的工具、手段。如:Weseewithoureyesandwalkwithourfeet.(我們用眼睛看東西,用雙腳走路)/Pleasewritethatarticle(文章)inEnglish.(請(qǐng)你用英語寫那篇文章)/Let'sgotothezoobytaxi.(我們打的去動(dòng)物園吧。)/ItwaswrittenbyLaoShe.(那是老舍寫的)(5)infrontof與inthefrontof:infrontof”在???的前面”,與inthefrontof”在…的前部"。如:Acarwasparkinginfrontofthehall.(大廳跟前停著一輛汽車)/Inthefrontofthehallstoodabigdesk.(大廳前部立著一個(gè)大講臺(tái))用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空:Tomistheboyglasses.PleasereadsomebooksChinesemedicine.Sheworksinthedayandhasarestnight.Myuncleworksafarm.MrBlackandYangLingaretalkingaparty.Shewantsbuyasweaterherdaughter.It'samapChina.Let'shavealookthepicture.What'sthatChinese?I'mClassOne.Thereisaclockthewalltheclassroom.Canyouseeanapplethetree?No,ButIcanseeabirdthetree.Thereisapursehere.Thereisaboatthelake.Therearemanykitesthesky.Whatclothesisshewearing?Sheisred.Canyouseetheboythebike?Thewomanayellowdressismymother.Whocanyouseethepicture?Who,sthemanyourmotherandfather
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