2020屆北京市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)高三一模英語(yǔ)試題(解析版)

北京市朝區(qū)高三年級(jí)考練習(xí)一英語(yǔ)試題（考試間分鐘分120分本試卷頁(yè)?？忌鷦?wù)將答案答在題卡上在試卷上作無(wú)效。第一部：知識(shí)運(yùn)用共兩節(jié)45分）第一節(jié)語(yǔ)法填（共10小題；每小1.5分,共分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給提詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Withourgraduationdayaroundthecorner,busypreparingpresentsforfriends.Asusual,Iwalkedintotheclassroom,only

___1___

(find)boxstandingthere.Approaching,Iname

___2___

(write)onit.wasquiteshockedwhen

___3___

(open)saw“myselfastatue,sittinginsidesmilingupatme.wasacompletelossforwords.Itwasunique,unconventionalpresentmylife.【答案】tofind

written/waswrittenwasopened/opened【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了即將畢業(yè)，“我”在給朋友們準(zhǔn)備禮物，當(dāng)“我”走進(jìn)教室卻發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)大箱子站在那里，里面是自己的雕像，這是對(duì)“我”來(lái)說(shuō)最特別最珍貴的禮物了?！绢}解】考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：像往常一樣，我走進(jìn)教室，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)大箱子站在那里。分析句子可，此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)onlytosth.是個(gè)比較特殊的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，常用于表示一種意想不的結(jié)果。故填to?！绢}解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)name”間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以可以用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)；動(dòng)詞saw后以加句子，根據(jù)文的時(shí)態(tài)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)可知，此處也用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以此處也可以用was。填written/was?！绢}解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。此處動(dòng)詞open與邏輯主thebox”間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，根據(jù)全文時(shí)態(tài)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)可知，此處也用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以此處可以用，表示箱子被打開(kāi)了；也以理解為箱子主動(dòng)開(kāi)了，用主動(dòng)形式，時(shí)態(tài)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，即opened。填opened/opened。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給提詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AnalysisfindsEarth’s有性的)fieldwasinplaceatleast3.7billionyearsasearlyarose.Scientiststhinkhavingamagneticfield___4___(make)Earthmorefriendlylife.Thefield,___5___isgeneratedbyliquidmovingaboutintheplanetcore,protects___6___energetic粒)flowingfromtheSun.helpstheplanetholdontoitsatmosphereandmaintainliquidwateronsurface.【答案】

makes5.

which

6.

from【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了磁場(chǎng)對(duì)地球的好處?！绢}解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：科學(xué)家認(rèn)為有磁場(chǎng)使地球?qū)ι佑押?。根?jù)前面的“”知，時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)從句的主語(yǔ)“havingamagnetic”單數(shù)所以動(dòng)詞用第三人單數(shù)形式填makes?！绢}解】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子可知，這是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，且空格處在從句中作主，所以用which引該從句。故填?！绢}解】考查介詞。protect是定短語(yǔ)，意為“保護(hù)……不受……”。故填from。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給提詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Doyouhaveamentor(導(dǎo))helpingdecisionsyourlife?Ifyoudo,thenyouareaveryluckyperson.___7___ifnot,thenreadthebookTuesdayswithMorrie.Ittellsthestoryoftheauthor,Albom,andhisdyingformerprofessor,Morrie___8___youreadthisbook,youwilllearnsomeverymeaningfullessonsfromaprofessorLouGehrig’sdisease.WhenMitchvisitsMorrieeveryTuesday,the-year-professorshareswordsof___9___(wise)aboutlove,communication,values,opennesshisformerstudent.Asabeautiful___10___manypowerfullessonsaboutlife,bookshouldbehighoneveryone’sreading【答案】But

8.

As/When/Once/If/After9.

wisdom

10.

delivering【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了《相約星期二》這本書的主要內(nèi)容?！绢}解】考查連詞。根據(jù)空格前的you”和空格后的not”可知，空格前后之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but故填But?！绢}解】考查連詞介詞意讀這書將從一位死于盧格里格病的教授身上學(xué)到一些非常有意義教訓(xùn)。根據(jù)空格后的句意和語(yǔ)境可知，此處可以用as“……時(shí)”或when當(dāng)……時(shí)”或once“旦”或“果”或after“…之后”。填A(yù)s/When/Once/If/After【題解】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。介詞of后名詞，所以此處用名詞形式。故填wisdom?！绢}解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：由于一個(gè)美麗的故事傳遞許多關(guān)于生活的強(qiáng)有力的教訓(xùn)，這本書應(yīng)該每個(gè)人的閱讀清單上的頂端。分析句子可知，該句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be，所以此處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；詞deliver與tale之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填delivering。第二節(jié)完形填（共20小題；每小1.5分，共30分）閱讀下短文，掌握大意，每題所給的BC、四個(gè)項(xiàng)中，選出佳選項(xiàng)并在答題卡將該項(xiàng)涂黑Gidda’sTeamThedoorclosedbehindMalik,makingMimefordinner.WillyouGidda,please?”GiddawasstayinginMalik’sbedroom.Hedidn___12___givinguphisroomforhis--oldgrandmotheratfirst.Butthenshedidnleave.Malikoverhersuitcaseonthe“Sorry,”Giddasaid.’mjustanuisance(討的)here.I’m___14___didnashehelpedherfromherchair.Atdinner,MamaaskedMalik,’s___15___withthecoach?Malikwascaptainofschoolsoccerteam,hehadtodiscussfundraiserwiththecoach.’dtoraisehundredsofdollarsto___16___theiroldshirts,andthatseemedunlikelyunlessMalikwith___17___plan.Unwillingly,said,justteamChanging___18___MalikturnedtoGidda.“Doyouwanttogositoutsideafterdinner?Giddaagreed.Inthesoftwarmthoftheevening,Giddasettledherselfbeneaththe無(wú)果tree.“Feelslikehome,sheBut___19___“Itdropsfigseverywhere.”Rightthen,figlandedhishead.Giddalaughed,pickeditup,andtooka___20___“Perfect.mebunch.Imakefigcakes.Thenextmorning,MalikfoundGiddafigcakesinthekitchen.SheofferedhimMalik,hopingwasnawful,puthismouth.Hiseyes___21___aswasdelicious.theinbackyard.Howmanycakescouldit

___22___Malikgrabbedhisphonestartedinarushexcitement.Anhourlater,mostofthesoccergatheredinthekitchen,andateupcakes.“Gidda極的FigCakes!”Malik“We__24___them!Giddasaidtheyweretomake;she

___25___us”Atdinnerthatnight,GiddasharedtheirplanwithMama,asrepeatedtheonher,“TeamGrandmother.”Thenextthekitchenwasfullof___27___Walkingslowlyamongtheexcitedboys,taughtmakecakes.thefigcakespiledup.As___28___FabulousFigCakeswerehitandtheyquicklysoldout.thenew___29___arrivedjustintimefortheopeningCoachGarciainvitedtowatch.Shearrivedearly,andwavedMalik.Thenshe___30___offshirt.OnweretheTeamGrandmother.A.A.allowA.A.uselessA.training

B.fetchB.enjoyB.handedB.unluckyB.appointment

C.visitC.considerC.trippedC.scaredC.negotiation

D.serveD.mindD.turnedD.nervousD.meetingA.buyA.A.planA.repeatedA.pictureA.widenedA.A.A.presentA.A.A.tensionA.A.socksA.back

B.replaceB.randomB.attitudeB.reportedB.testB.B.donateB.textingB.sendB.B.politelyB.hopeB.predictedB.bootsB.away

C.ironC.originalC.subjectC.explainedC.biteC.focusedC.deliverC.shoutingC.sellC.chooseC.shylyC.praiseC.C.uniformsC.down

D.D.personalD.wayD.complainedD.breakD.D.D.thinkingD.reserveD.writeD.bitterlyD.energyD.identifiedD.glovesD.around【答案】11.B12.D13.C14.A15.D16.B17.A18.C19.D20.C21.A22.A23.B24.25.B26.A27.D28.B29.C30.D【解析】本文是一篇記述文。文章主要講述了吉達(dá)和馬利克的團(tuán)隊(duì)通過(guò)制作無(wú)花果蛋糕捐錢更換他們的制服參加比賽的故事。【題解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：請(qǐng)你去接吉達(dá)好嗎A.watch觀，看守B.fetch請(qǐng)，吸引；visit拜；D.serve招，務(wù)于。由上一句timefor”可知，此處表示請(qǐng)吉達(dá)吃飯。故選。【題解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析意一始不介意把房間讓給82的祖母allow允許enjoy享consider考慮；mind介。由下文Butthenshe’tleave.”結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，開(kāi)始他不介意把房間讓給82歲的祖母。故選D項(xiàng)【題解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：馬利克在地板上被手提箱絆倒了A.looked看，注意；遞，交給；C.tripped倒，跌倒D.turned轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。由下文Sorry,”said可，此處指馬利克在地板上被手提箱絆倒了。故選項(xiàng)?！绢}解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我無(wú)用useless無(wú)的B.unlucky不運(yùn)C.scared害的D.nervous緊張的。由上一句“’ma討的人here.”知，吉達(dá)認(rèn)為自己無(wú)。故選項(xiàng)【題解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：你和教練的會(huì)面怎么樣了A.training訓(xùn)；約；negotiation談判；meeting會(huì)。由下文中的hehadtodiscussafundraiserwiththe”知，馬利克跟教練見(jiàn)面商量籌款人的事情。故選D項(xiàng)16題解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們不得不籌集數(shù)百美元來(lái)更換舊襯衫，除非馬利克想出一個(gè)絕妙計(jì)劃，否則這似乎不太可能A.購(gòu)買B.replace更換替換C.iron熨D.abandon拋由格后的“theirold”下文thenew______arrivedjusttimefortheopening”可知，此處指他們不得不籌集數(shù)百美元來(lái)更換舊襯衫。故選?！绢}解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們不得不籌集數(shù)百美元來(lái)更換舊襯衫，除非馬利克想出一個(gè)絕的計(jì)劃，否則這似乎不太可能A.brilliant絕的；random機(jī)的，任意的；original原的；D.personal個(gè)人的。由上文“unlikelyunlesscameupwitha(n)并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示除非馬利克想出一個(gè)絕妙的計(jì)劃，否則這似乎不太可能。故選A項(xiàng)【題解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：轉(zhuǎn)移話題，馬利克轉(zhuǎn)向吉達(dá)A.plan計(jì)；attitude態(tài)度C.subject話；D.way方。由上文Unwillingly,Maliksaid,“It’sjustteam合文容可知，此處指馬利克轉(zhuǎn)移話題。故選C項(xiàng)。【題解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但馬利克抱怨說(shuō)：“它到處都是無(wú)花果。A.repeated重；reported報(bào)告；C.explained解D.complained抱怨。由空格前的”空格后的dropsfigs”知，此處指馬利克抱怨說(shuō)道。故選D項(xiàng)【題解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：吉達(dá)笑了，拿起它，咬了一口A.picture照，圖畫B.test測(cè)；bite咬D.break休。由下文“Perfect.Pickmeabunch.’llmakefigcakes.”并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，吉達(dá)笑了，拿它，咬了一口。abite意“吃一口”。故選C項(xiàng)【題解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析句他嚼邊睜大眼睛A.widened放寬睜B.移C.focused使焦；D.opened開(kāi)由下文Itwasdelicious.thetreethebackyard.”知此處表示因?yàn)楹贸运运吔肋叡牬笱劬?。故選項(xiàng)?！绢}解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。它制作多少無(wú)花果蛋糕A.produce生；donate捐贈(zèng)；deliver遞，交付；exchange交換。由上文的“’llmakefigcakes.”結(jié)合語(yǔ)可知，馬利克問(wèn)用它能制作多少無(wú)花果蛋糕。故選A項(xiàng)【題解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析句意馬克拿起手機(jī)興奮地發(fā)短信running跑B.texting發(fā)信C.shouting吼叫；thinking想考。由上文Malikgrabbedhis”下“hourlater,mostofthesoccergatheredinthekitchen,andateup”結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，興奮地發(fā)短信。故選項(xiàng)?！绢}解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們會(huì)賣掉它們A.present贈(zèng)，頒發(fā)B.send寄派遣；sell賣銷售；D.reserve預(yù)。由下文theyquicklysold”結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處指賣掉它們。故選C項(xiàng)【題解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：吉達(dá)說(shuō)它們很容易做，她會(huì)教我們?cè)趺醋龅腁.prepare準(zhǔn)備；show展示；C.choose選；write寫。由下文Giddataughtthemmakefig”結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處指她會(huì)教“我們”怎么做無(wú)花果蛋糕。故選B項(xiàng)【題解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：那天晚上的晚餐上，吉達(dá)和媽媽分享了他們的計(jì)劃，她驕傲地微笑，重復(fù)著馬利克給她的頭銜：“團(tuán)隊(duì)祖母”proudly驕傲地B.politely禮地C.shyly害地D.bitterly悲地。由下文theMalikgaveonher,‘TeamGrandmother結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處指她驕傲地微笑著。故選A項(xiàng)?！绢}解】考查名詞詞義辨析意二里充滿了活力tension緊希praise贊energy活力。由下文Walkingslowlytheexcited”結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處指廚房里充滿了活力。故D項(xiàng)?！绢}解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析意如利克預(yù)測(cè)的那樣達(dá)無(wú)花果蛋糕非常暢銷快賣完了promised承諾；predicted預(yù)；announced通告D.identified識(shí)。由上文Maliksaid.‘We______them!并結(jié)合可知，正如馬利克預(yù)測(cè)的那樣，吉達(dá)的無(wú)花果蛋糕很快就賣完了。故選B?！绢}解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)新制服剛好趕上首場(chǎng)比賽時(shí)，加西亞教練邀請(qǐng)吉達(dá)觀看比賽socks襪子；B.boots靴uniforms制gloves套上文They’dhavetoraisehundredsofdollars______theiroldshirts”可知，新制服剛好趕上首場(chǎng)比賽故選項(xiàng)【題解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析句意后轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)炫耀她的襯衫“回走擋”“避開(kāi)”；turn“絕，關(guān)小”turnaround“身”。由下文“thebackwerethewordsGrandmother.”可知，此處指她轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身。故選D項(xiàng)第二部：閱讀理解共兩節(jié)40分）第一節(jié)共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下短文，從每所給的、B、C、四個(gè)項(xiàng)中，選出佳選項(xiàng)并在答題卡上該項(xiàng)涂。AMusicforLifeLearningmusicisimportantfortheeducationalandpersonalofyoungpeople!Learninganinstrument:howdopupilschoose?Allourteachersarehighlyqualifiedexperiencedmusicians,pupilslearntoplayarangeofinstruments,fromthekeyboardtodrums(鼓.opendayswhennewpupilswhoareunsurewhichinstrumentchoosecometocentre.Theyareabletospeaktoteachersaboutwhichinstrumentmightbebestforthem,theyalsohearclassesinaction.Whoresponsibleforbuyingtheinstruments?Parentsusuallyhaveprovideinstruments.parentsofbeginnersareadvisedtobuyaninstrumentuntiltheyarethataplaceisavailable.Theyshouldalsoouttheteacherthemostsuitableofinstrumenttoget.wheredolessonstakeplace?Lessonsareavailableinmanyschools,usuallyduringtheday.Iftherenolessonavailableforaparticularinstrumentaparticularschool,arrangementscanbemadeatoneofmusiccentresforlessonsSaturdayafternoonsorweekdayevenings.Howarepupilstaught?Pupilslearninsmallgroups,inclassesorindividually,dependingontheirneeds.Smallofthreepupilslessonsthatlastthirtyminutes.Classlessonslast-fiveminuteshaveatleasttenpupils.Individualofferedonlypupilswhoexperience.Startingyoung:whenpupilsbegin?Childrenaretooyoungtointerestedmusic.special“MusicalYouthclassesforchildrenfromtheto8.Thesearedesignedencourageyoungchildrentoenjoymusicthroughvarietyofactivitiesincludingsinging,musicalgames,listeningmovement.“MusicalYouth”classesplaceSaturdaymorningswithgroupsaboutchildren.Aparentotheradultmustattendeachsession,theyencouragedtowiththeirchildrenhelpthemtheactivities.31.welearnfromthepassage?Newpupilsseeclassesonanday.PupilslearnspecialinstrumentsonSundays.Parentsaccompanypupilsduringthelearningprocess.Teachersatthecentreprovidetheinstrumentsforpupils.32.thebestchoiceforchildrenwithexperience?A.Lessonsforgroupsoften.C.Lessonsforsmallgroupsthree.33.Thepassageisintendedfor_____.A.teachersC.musicians【答案】31.A32.33.B

B.Individuallessons.D.Special“MusicalYouthclasses.B.parentsD.pupils【解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了父母應(yīng)該如何給自己的孩子選擇學(xué)習(xí)樂(lè)器以及課程的詳細(xì)容。【題解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的Wehaveopendayswhennewpupilswhoareunsurewhichinstrumenttochoosecancometocentre.Theyabletospeakteachersaboutwhichinstrumentmightbestforthem,andcanalsohearclassesin”知，新來(lái)的學(xué)生可以在開(kāi)放日聽(tīng)課。故選。【題解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段最后一句Individualofferedonlypupilswhosome”可知，對(duì)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)孩來(lái)說(shuō)，單班課是最好的選擇。故選項(xiàng)【題解】的推理判斷題觀文其最后一句parentotheradultmustattendeachsession,theyencouragedtowiththeirchildrenhelpthemtheactivities.”知，這篇文章的目的是給父母介紹如何給自己的孩子選擇學(xué)習(xí)樂(lè)器。故選B項(xiàng)BNenadSestanwasworkinginhisofficeoneafternoonin2016,whenheheardhislabmemberswhisperingexcitementovermicroscope.Herealizedsomethingbeyondtheirexpectationswashappening.Theresearchers,SchoolofinHaven,Connecticut,foundelectricalactivitybrainstakenfrompigs.Withthatshockingresult,Sestanrealizedwhatstartedasasideprojecttotobetterpreservebrainforresearchchangedintoadiscoverythatcouldredefineunderstandingoflifeanddeath.Theexcitementturnedconcern,theresearchersthoughttheysawwidespread,consistentelectricalactivitywhichindicateconsciousness(意).Sestanbroughtinneurologist,determinedthereadoutactuallyerror,thepossibilityfrightenedthem.Sestankepthiscoolimmediatelydidthings:shutdowntheexperimentcontactedtheUSNationalInstitutesofHealthaswellasa生倫理學(xué))Overthenextfewmonths,expertsdiscussedthepotentialethicalimplications,aswhetherthebrainsbecomeconsciousandwhetherphysicianstoreconsiderthedefinitionbraindeath.TheysubmittedtheworkNature.beforethefinalpaperpublished,Sestanmetsharpcriticismthepress.Somesuggestedthattheresearcherswereengineering永)ormaintainingfulloflivingjars.Neitherhenorhisteamwantedtodiscusstheresultsuntilthepaperwasout,theirinboxesfilledwithconcernsandangeranimalrightsactivistsfuturists,Sestanbecamedepressed.Hefelttheycoulddo,however,wastoholdoffoncorrectingmisunderstandingsuntiltheexpertreviewprocesshadrunitscourse.SincepaperpublishedApril,2019,theteamsobusyfieldingquestionsthemediaandscientiststhathasnperformedanyfurtherexperiments.Sestanwantstofocusonoriginalquestionsandexplorehowlongthebrainscanbemaintainedwhetherthetechnologycanpreserveotherorgans.getoutsideopinionbeforewedoanything,”Sestansays.“Whenyouexploreunchartedterritory,youtoextremelythoughtful.”34.inthelabSchoolofinAbettermethodwasmaintainbraintissue.Researchersdiscoveredtoredefinebraindeath.Brainsfromdeadpigsaccidentallydiscoveredalive.Researchersarrivedattheexpectedresultsofexperiment.35.WhydidNenadSestanstoptheexperiment?Heassistancewiththefinalpaper.Hespottedmajormistakeinthefinalresult.Hefrightenedbypossibilityoffailure.Heconcernedabouttherelatedmoralissues.36.waspeople’sreactiontowardsNenadSestanexperiment?Thepresswerestronglyopposedtotheexperiment.Somepeoplesupportedtheresearchimmortality.Nobodytodiscusstheresultinadvance.Thepublicpositiveattitudetowardstheexperiment.37.couldbestdescribeSestan?A.Responsibleandreliable.C.Determinedandinspiring.

B.Cooperativeandcreative.D.Professionalandcautious.【答案】34.C35.D36.37.D【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了研究員尼納德塞斯坦在做實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)意外發(fā)現(xiàn)死豬的大腦還活，專業(yè)并謹(jǐn)慎地研究最后獲得成功的事情?！绢}解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Theresearchers,SchoolofinHaven,Connecticut,hadfoundelectricalactivityinbrainstaken”知，2016年耶魯大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的實(shí)驗(yàn)室里，研究員意外發(fā)現(xiàn)死豬的大腦還活著。故選C項(xiàng)【題解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二、三段內(nèi)容和第四段中的Overthenextfewmonths,expertsdiscussedthepotentialethical”知塞斯坦識(shí)到初作為一個(gè)旨在尋找更好地保存腦組織以供研究的方法的附帶項(xiàng)目，已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)可以重新定義我們對(duì)生與死的理解的發(fā)現(xiàn)；當(dāng)研究人員認(rèn)為他們看到了泛而一致的電活動(dòng)，這些活動(dòng)可以顯示意識(shí)時(shí)，興奮很快就變成了擔(dān)憂，在接下來(lái)的幾個(gè)月里，專家們論了潛在的道德影響。由此可推知，塞斯坦停止實(shí)驗(yàn)是因?yàn)樗麚?dān)心相關(guān)的道德問(wèn)題。故選D項(xiàng)【題解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第二句Butbeforethepaperwaspublished,Sestanmetsharpcriticismfromthepress.”知，在最后一篇論文發(fā)表之前，塞斯坦遭到了體的尖銳批評(píng)。故選A項(xiàng)?！绢}解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中的Sestanbroughtinaneurologist,determinedthereadoutactuallyerror,thepossibilityhadfrightened”“kepthiscoolandimmediatelydidtwothings:heshutdowntheexperimentandcontactedtheNationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH),aswellasaYale生物倫理學(xué)家”以及最后一段中的“youexploreunchartedterritory,toextremely可知，塞斯坦是一個(gè)專業(yè)和謹(jǐn)慎的人。故選D項(xiàng)CAbutterfly’swingscanmanyjobsbesideskeepinginsecthighuptheTheymaybeusedtoattractmates,ortowarnpotentialattackerstostayAlloftheseroles,though,dependontheirunchangingcolouration.Thisplaysintoideabutterflywingsaredeadtissue,likeabird’sfeathers.Inthat’snottrue.Forexample,insomespecies’havespecialcellsreleasingsomechemicalswhichattractfemales.NanfangYu,aphysicistColumbiaUniversity,inYork,haslookingintomatter.TogetherwithNaomiPierce,abutterflyspecialistatHarvardUniversity,heshown,inapaperpublishedNatureCommunicationsinFebruary,2020,thatbutterflyare,indeed,muchalive.Intheirexperiments,thetworesearchersa激)toheatupspotsonofdozensbutterflyspecies.thetemperatureofareaunderthelaserreached40°Corso,insectsrespondedwithinsecondsbydoingthingsthatstoppedtheirwingsheatingupfurther.Theseactionsincludedabutterflyturningaroundtominimizeprofilethemovingitswingsorsimplywalkingaway.Butterfliesinalloftheseminimisingactivitiesevenwhentheresearchersblindfoldedthem.Thatsuggestedrelevantsensorswereonthethemselves.DrYuandDrPiercethereforesearchedthosewingsforlikelylookingsensorycells.Theyfoundsome,inof神元thatweresimilartoheatdetectorsknownfromotherinsects.Theyalsouncovered-shapedcellsappearedtosimilartopressure-sensitiveneurons.guessthatthesearetheretodetectdeformationofwing—informationinsectcouldusetocontrolitsflightpattern.Thethirddiscoverytheymadetocontradict“deadwingideawassomebutterflyhaveaheartbeat.Abutterfly’swingshave靜脈)carryabloodlikeliquidwhich,researchershavenowinmales,showsa脈)ofseveraldozenbeatsminute.sourcethispulseappearsthe氣味pad,adarkspotthewingsproducesthe-attractingchemicals.Apparently,this“wingheart”actsasapumpthatbloodlikeliquidthroughthescentpad.Inalltheirexperimentssimulatingdifferentenvironmentalconditions,DrPierceconsistentlythat,differentpartsofthearecoveredbydifferentof鱗)Inparticular,tubespassthroughscalesoverthescentpads.Thisimprovestheirabilitytospreadheatawayandhelpskeepthepartsofabutterfly’swingsalive.38.bird’sfeathersinParagraphto_____.introducelatestresearchfindingsonabirdhighlightthespecialfeatureofbirdfeathersshowknowledgeaboutbutterflywingsstressthedifferenceabutterflyabird39.welearnfromandPierce’sexperiments?ButterflywingsarecomplicatedlivingButterflywingshavereactionexternalThescentonbutterflywingsaretheirhearts.Heat-activitieshelpdetectdeformationofthewings.40.thefunctionofscalesthepads?A.Attractingmates.C.Coveringpowerfultubes.

B.Increasingbloodflow.D.Producingthecoolingeffect.41.ofthefollowingwouldbethebestforthepassage?A.SeeingIsBelievingC.Seek,NothingFind

B.MoreThanMeetsEyeD.FeathersMakeFineBirds【答案】38.C39.A40.D41.B【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文主要介紹了蝴蝶的翅膀除了能讓其在空中飛得很高外，還有許多功能并文中詳細(xì)介紹了這些功能，旨在告訴我們有些事情并不像看到的那樣簡(jiǎn)單?！绢}解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的Thisplaysintotheideathatbutterflywingsaredeadtissue,likeabird’sfeathers.Infact,that’snottrue.example,insomespeciesmales’havespecialcellsreleasingchemicalsattractfemales.可知，第一段提到鳥(niǎo)的羽毛是為了說(shuō)明蝴蝶翅膀的常識(shí)。故選C項(xiàng)【題解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Inalltheirexperimentssimulatingdifferentenvironmentalconditions,DrandDrPierceconsistentlythat,differentpartsofarecoveredbydifferentof鱗屑”可知，從DrYu和Pierce的驗(yàn)中我們可以知道蝴蝶翅膀是復(fù)雜的活器官。故選項(xiàng)?！绢}解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Inparticular,tubespassthroughscalesoverscentThisimprovestheirabilitytospreadheataway”可知，氣味墊上的鱗片的作用是生冷卻效果。故選D項(xiàng)【題解】主旨大意題?？v觀全文可知，本文主要介紹了蝴蝶的翅膀除了能讓其在空中飛得很高外，還有多功能，并文中詳細(xì)介紹了這些功能。由此可推知，本文主要的目的是告訴我們有些事情并不像看到的樣簡(jiǎn)單項(xiàng)意為“眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)”意為“超出所見(jiàn)并不像看到的那簡(jiǎn)單”項(xiàng)意為“無(wú)所求所獲”；D項(xiàng)為人要衣佛要金裝”。故選B項(xiàng)DFactorFiction?Non-fictioncanbebrokendownintomanycategories.Onecategoryisliteraryfiction,infactbutsomeofthestorytellingelementsthatfictionuses.Literary-includesatypeof自)calledmemoir.mostoftenfocusesonacertainperiodofauthor’sis,definition,rootedtruth.peoplequestionwhethermemoirshouldcategorizedasfictionAsnon-intendedtobefactual.Isthisreallythecase,though,consideringmemoirreliesonhumanOneclassicstudy,ledbypsychologistElizabethLoftus,showedhoweasilyaninterviewer’schoiceofwordingcaninfluenceaneyewitness’saccountofatrafficaccident.Itthereforereasonabletowonderwhethershouldcontinuebrandedasfiction.Certainly,humancanbeunreliable.However,amemoirauthorundoubtedlywritingaboutsignificantandimpactfulevents.Memoriesofsucheventsareactuallymorereliablethanothers.Studiesshowthatinfluentialaneventthemoreaccuratelypeoplerecallthedetails.emotionallychargedeventunfolds,theactivitychangesinawayamplifiessmalldetails.Thisactivityhelpsamorepreciseandaccuratememory.Ofcoursethebrainisnotthatcan“save”memoryperfectaccuracy.ifmemoirquestionabletoimperfectionsofmind,thencriticswillhavetotackle-morebroadly.Allwritersusingtheirmemorieswhentheycreate,andmoreover,arerelyingonthememoriesothers.Journalistsconductinterviewstellanewshistorywritersdependtheaccuracyofaccountslongago.theyrightfullyfallundertheumbrellaoffiction.Somepeoplemaydoubtnotbecausetheymistrusthumanmemory,butbecausetheymistrusttheauthormorality.Criticsmaysuspectauthorofmakingupevents.However,thereisnoreasontobesuspiciousofmemoirauthorintentions.Writingafactualmemoirthatappealsreadersthepotentialtobeprofitableforauthor,andtherenomotivationforamemoirwritertoknowinglychangeorbeautifytheLookingbeyondtheauthorlifeevents,informreadersabouttheworldinthesamewaythatothernon-can.Memoirhasawayofrelayingfactsaboutanythinganoccupationtobrieffashiontrends,allofitmeaningfultheauthor.42.TheauthorintroducesthetopicParagraph1_____.illustratingwhyitimportanttalkaboutmemoirlistingsomeinterestingfactsandfeaturesofdefiningkeytermsthatarediscussedlaterinthepassagemakingacomparisonbetweenautobiographyand43.doesunderlined“amplifies”inParagraphprobablyA.Collects.

B.Ignores.C.Enlarges.

D.44.Welearnfrompassagethat_____.criticsarguethatanewsstorybyajournalistisfictionaauthor’smemorycaninfluencedbytheintervieweesmemoircanshowreadersfactsaboutwhatanauthorexperiencedemotionalcancausethecreationofdetailed45.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorbelieves_____.theprofitablearethoseshowntobethemostfactualauthorsuntrustworthy,althoughmemoirsare-basedmemoirrightfullycategorizedundertheumbrellaofliterary-fictionistoounreliableformemoirconsideredatypeof-fiction【答案】42.C43.C44.45.【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了非小說(shuō)的分類，并且作者認(rèn)為回憶錄在文學(xué)非小說(shuō)的保護(hù)下被合理地分類?！绢}解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的Onecategoryliteraryfiction,basedinfactsomeofthestorytellingelementsthatfictionuses…Itis,bydefinition,rootedin”知，作者通過(guò)定義本文后面討論的關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ)來(lái)介紹第1段中的主題。故選C項(xiàng)【題解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Thisactivityhelpsbuildpreciseaccurate”知，這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)有助于建立更精確和準(zhǔn)確的記憶；再根據(jù)劃線詞所在句中的“

amplifiessmall”知，此處amplifies應(yīng)為“放大”，與意思相近。故選C項(xiàng)【題解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題第段中的Studiesthatinfluentialaneventthemoreaccuratelypeoplerecallthedetails.Asanemotionallychargedeventunfolds,theactivitychangesinawayamplifiessmall”研究表明，一個(gè)事件的影響力越大，人們對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的回憶就越準(zhǔn)確。當(dāng)一個(gè)充滿感情的事件展開(kāi)，大腦活動(dòng)的變化會(huì)放大一些小細(xì)節(jié)。由此可知，情緒化的瞬間可以創(chuàng)造出更詳細(xì)的記憶。故選D項(xiàng)【題解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句Yetallrightfullyundertheumbrellaof”知，然而，它們（回憶錄）都理所當(dāng)然地落入非小說(shuō)的保護(hù)傘之下。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為回憶錄在文學(xué)非說(shuō)的保護(hù)傘下被合理地分類。故選C項(xiàng)第二節(jié)共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短內(nèi)容，從短后的七選項(xiàng)中選出填入空處的最佳選。選項(xiàng)有兩項(xiàng)為多選項(xiàng)。WhatYourNoseKnowsYoursensesmellenrichesexperienceoftheworldaroundyou.Differentscentscanchangeyourortransportyoubacktodistantmemory.Yourabilitytosmellalsoplaysarolein___46___Thethingswesmellareactuallythetiny分)releasedbysubstancesaroundus.Whenwebreathethesemolecules,theystimulatespecializedsensorycellsinsidenose.___47___Butagivenmoleculecanstimulateacombinationthesereceptors,creatinguniquerepresentationinbrain.Weperceivethatrepresentationasmell.___48___不氣的noseharmlessgrowthinthenosecanblockairandthusscentsfromreachingthesensorycells.Certainmedications,likesomebloodpressurecanchangesmell,buttheseeffectsareusuallytemporary.Yoursmellshouldcomeonceyourecoveredorstoppedthemedication.Butsomethingscancausealong-lastinglossofsmell.Ainjuryvirus,forexample,cansometimesdamagenervesrelatedtosmell.___49___toDavangereDevanand,experton經(jīng)變性的diseasessmellloss,mainreasonappearsthatfunctioningofthebrainregionsinvolvedinsmellbecomesdamagedaswegrowolder.Butproblemsyourabilitytosmellmaythanaging.beearlyofserioushealthconditions,suchasParkinsondiseaseorAlzheimerdisease.Devanandgroupstudyingtherelationshipsbetweensmelldysfunctionandcertaindisease.Researchersarealsolookingfortoavoidsmellloss.SomestudiessuggestthatsmelltrainingmayyouimproveyourabilitydistinguishidentifyButthequestionremainstowhetherandhowthismightwork.thingscausesmellPeoplemaylosttheirabilitytosmellbeforenoticeit.Eachofthesesensorycellshasonlyonetypescentreceptor.Itmayyourbrain’sabilitytointerpretlowlevelsofscents.Aspeoplegetmanycouldn’tidentifycertainkindsmell.Ifyourabilitysmelldeclines,itaffectphysical-beingandeverydaysafety.Andwithage,thereadeclineinabilitysmelltosomeextentthebutmuchmoretheitself.【答案】46.F47.C48.A49.50.D【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了嗅覺(jué)能力對(duì)健康起著關(guān)鍵作用，很多東西會(huì)導(dǎo)致嗅覺(jué)喪失，著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，與嗅覺(jué)和記憶有關(guān)的大腦區(qū)域功能受損?！绢}解】根據(jù)前一句Yourabilitytosmellalsoplaysarolein可知，你的嗅覺(jué)能力對(duì)你的健康也起著關(guān)鍵作用項(xiàng)如果你的嗅覺(jué)能下降會(huì)影響你的身體健康和日常安全”承接上文項(xiàng)的“Ifyourabilityto”與前面的Yourabilitytosmellalsoplaysakey相應(yīng)，符合語(yǔ)境。故選?！绢}解】根據(jù)前一句“Whenwebreatheinthesemolecules,theystimulatespecializedsensorycellshighinsidethe可知當(dāng)們吸入這些分子時(shí)它們會(huì)刺激鼻子里的特殊感覺(jué)細(xì)胞根后一句Butagivenmoleculestimulateacombinationofthesereceptors,creatingauniquerepresentationinbrain.”知，但是一個(gè)特定的分子可以刺激這些受體的結(jié)合大腦中形成一種獨(dú)特的表現(xiàn)項(xiàng)每個(gè)感覺(jué)細(xì)胞只有一種氣味受體”與上下文緊密銜接C項(xiàng)中的thesesensory”“receptor”分別與前的“sensory”“”相呼應(yīng)，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)【題解】根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容，尤其該段中的Butsomethingscancausealastinglossof”知，空格后講述導(dǎo)致嗅覺(jué)喪失的一些事情。A項(xiàng)很多東西會(huì)導(dǎo)致嗅覺(jué)喪失”引起下文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)?！绢}解】根據(jù)后一句AccordingtoDavangereDevanand,anexpertneurodegenerative(神經(jīng)變性)diseasesandsmellloss,mainreasonappearsthatfunctioningofthebrainregionsinvolvedinsmellbecomesdamagedaswegrow”知，根據(jù)神經(jīng)退行性病和嗅覺(jué)喪失專家達(dá)文格雷德瓦南德博士的說(shuō)法，主要原因似乎是隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，與嗅覺(jué)和記憶有關(guān)的大腦區(qū)域功能受損。G項(xiàng)而且隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，鼻子的嗅覺(jué)能力在一定程度上有所下降，但大腦本身的嗅覺(jué)能力下降得更多”與上下文緊銜接，G項(xiàng)中的“age”后面的“grow”呼應(yīng)，符合語(yǔ)境。故選項(xiàng)【題解】根據(jù)前一句“Somestudiessuggestthatsmelltrainingmayhelpyouyourabilitytodistinguishidentifyscents.”知，一些研究表明，嗅覺(jué)訓(xùn)練可以幫助你提高辨別和辨別氣味的能力；再根據(jù)后一句“thequestionremainsastowhetherandthismight”知，但問(wèn)題是，這是否可行，以及如何可行項(xiàng)“它可以提高你的大腦解釋低