新概念英語語法：名詞表格總結(jié)

名詞一．用法表解定義名詞是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念名稱的詞分類普通名詞可數(shù)名詞個體名詞book,pen,boy集體名詞family,team,group,class,government,army,enemy不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞air,water,sunshine抽象名詞difficulty,progress,success專有名詞不加定冠詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞America,China,BeijingUniversity加定冠詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞theUnitedStates,theGreatWall功能作主語Animalsarehumanbeings'friends.作賓語HeisreadinganEnglishnovel.作表語Whatweneedistime.作補語Weelectedhimourmonitor.作狀語Hesatherealongtime.作定語：當有些名詞沒有其對應的同根形容詞時用名詞作定語一般用單數(shù)表分類boy-friend,coffeecup,colorTV表時間eveningschool,wintersleep表地點streetdance,villagepeople,countrymusic,Chinaproblems表稱呼DoctorJack,ProfessorLi表用途tablecloth,bookstore,weatherreport,trafficlight表材料stonetable,papermoney少數(shù)用復數(shù)sportsmeet,theUnitedStatesgovernment,twostudents,reading-room,foodstrain,women,/mendoctors單數(shù)變復數(shù)規(guī)則變化直接加sboys,pens,desks,Germans以s,x,ch,sh,o結(jié)尾的加esboxes,buses,watches,brushes,heroes,tomatoes,potatoes以o結(jié)尾的加skilos,pianos,radios,photos,zoos以ch結(jié)尾的發(fā)音為[k]的加sstomachs以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i再加escity-cities,story-stories,但boys,days,keys以f或fe結(jié)尾的，將f或fe改為v，再加esknife-knives,leaf-leaves有些以f結(jié)尾的詞，直接加sroofs,proofs,beliefs,serfs,safes,chiefs,gulfs不規(guī)則變化單復數(shù)同形Chinese,Japanese,deer,sheep,fish,works,means,aircraft只有復數(shù)形為復數(shù)，實為單數(shù)或不可數(shù)goods,news,physics,mathematics,politics形為單數(shù)，實為復數(shù)cattle,people,police一般成對出現(xiàn)的trousers,scissors,glasses等抽象名詞復數(shù)形式表示特定含義Congratulations！Thanks！Bestregards/wishes!makepreparations,inrags,inruins,instructions,directions,inhighspirits有些名詞的復形式表示不同含義clothes,goods,manners,surroundings,inrags,ashes,arms改變元音字母的man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,mouse-mice,goose-geese,ox-oxen特例：child-children,medium-media,Frenchman-Frenchmen合成詞有主體詞，復數(shù)形式加在主體詞后boy-friends,sons-in-law無主體詞，復數(shù)形式加在詞末grown-ups,go-betweens所有格有生命單個人直接加'sTom'sbike以s結(jié)尾的名詞加'或’sEngles's或Engles'woks表店鋪或某人家時，所有格后的地點名詞常省略thebaker's,theteacher's多個人以s結(jié)尾的名詞加'students'books特殊變化的加'sWomen'sDay兩個人共有的TomandMike'sroom各自的Tom'sandMike'srooms無生命表時間、距離、國家、城市的名詞后加's或'today'snewspaper,China'sindustry,threeminutes'walk通常用of短語來表示thewindowoftheroom雙重所有格被修名詞前有不定冠詞、指示代詞或數(shù)詞修飾時其中之一anoldfriendofmyuncle's,表部分somefriendsofMr.Zhang's表贊揚、批評、厭惡等感情色彩thatpictureofhers特別提示抽象名詞具體化表份數(shù)acoffee,threedrinks具有某種特征的人或事asurprise/pity/pleasure/(an)honor/support/comfort/success/failure/waste/knowledge/must具體名詞抽象化inbed/hospital,gotoschool/college/church純不可數(shù)名詞information,jewellery,news,fun,advice,work,weather,bread,chalk,furniturebeof+抽象名詞beofvalue/use/help/hope/importance/significance同一個詞用作