考研考博-英語-廣東技術(shù)師范大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣東技術(shù)師范大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Officialencouragementofthesolar-energyindustryinChinahasledtofiercecompetitionforgovernmentsubsidiesamongdozensofnewcompanies,butitisfarfromclearhowmanyofthewinningfirmsactuallymakemoney.

問題1選項

A.hasledtofierce

B.forgovernmentsubsidiesamongdozens

C.itisfarfromclear

D.actuallymakemoney

E.沒有錯誤

【答案】D

【解析】時態(tài)錯誤。動詞make改為現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)havemade。句子談?wù)摰氖沁^去的事情,此處時態(tài)應(yīng)與前面時態(tài)保持一致。

2.單選題

Taxincreaseswereintroducedonawiderangeofgoodsandservicestohelpalleviatetheprojectedbudget.

問題1選項

A.relieve

B.receive

C.deceive

D.conceive

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。alleviate“減輕，緩解”；A選項relieve“解除，緩解；使不單調(diào)乏味”；B選項receive“收到；接待；接納”；C選項deceive“欺騙；行騙”；D選項conceive“懷孕；構(gòu)思”。句意：對大量商品和服務(wù)增稅，以幫助減輕預(yù)算。題干指出“Taxincreases增稅”與“projectedbudget預(yù)期的預(yù)兌”，可知alleviate在這里有“緩解”的意思，因此A選項正確。

3.單選題

11.

問題1選項

A.Thechemistryhomeworkisdifficult.

B.Thechemistryhomeworkisfun.

C.Themathhomeworkisdifficult.

D.Themathhomeworkisfun.

【答案】A

【解析】M:Catherine,howisthemathhomeworkcoming?

W:That’sapieceofcake.Butthechemistryhomeworkisreallyahardnuttocrack.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】對話中女士說數(shù)學(xué)作業(yè)apieceofcake，即“小菜一碟”，但是chemistryhomeworkisreallyahardnuttocrack，即化學(xué)作業(yè)非常棘手。

4.單選題

Themantowhomwehandedtheformspointedoutthattheyhadnotbeen（）filledin.

問題1選項

A.consequently

B.regular

C.comprehensively

D.properly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A:consequently“因此”；B:regular“常規(guī)的”；C:comprehensively“包括地”；D:properly“恰當(dāng)?shù)?；合適地”。句意：我們把表格交給那人，那人指出表格填得不合適。因此D符合題意。

5.單選題

Intoday’scompetitivejobmarket,people,especiallyyoungmenarerequiredtobeaggressiveandindustrious.

問題1選項

A.invasive

B.belligerent

C.progressive

D.enterprising

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項invasive“侵入的”；B選項belligerent“好戰(zhàn)的”；C選項progressive“進步的”；D選項enterprising“有進取心的”。句意：在當(dāng)今競爭激烈的就業(yè)市場上，人們，尤其是年輕人需要有進取心和勤奮。劃線部分aggressive是有進取心的意思。因此D選項正確。

6.不定項選擇題

Thedramacritic,ontheotherhand,hasnosuchadvantages.Hecannotbeselective;hemustcovereverythingthatisofferedforpublicscrutinyintheprincipalplayhousesofthecitywhereheworks.Thecolumnspacethatseemed,yesterday,sopitifullyinadequatetocontainhiscommentsonLongDay’sJourneyIntoNightisroughlythesameasthatwhichyawnstodayforhisverdictonthelatestscrapofmilk-fedKitschthathaschancedtofindforitselfanumskullbackerwithahundredthousanddollarstolost.ThisstateofaffairsmayhelptoexplainwhytheNewYorktheatrereviewersaresooften,andsounjustly,stigmatizedasbalefulanddestructivefiends.Theyspendmostoftheirprofessionallivesattemptingtopronounceintelligentjudgmentsonplaysthathavenoaspirationtointelligence.Itishardlysurprisingthattheylashoutoccasionally;infact,whatamazesmeaboutthemisthattheydonotlashoutmoreviolentlyandmorefrequently.AsShawsaidofhisfellow-criticsinthenineties,theyare“culpablyindulgentbodyofmen.”ImaginetheverbalexcoriationsthatwouldbeinflictedifLionelTilling,orsomeoneofcomparableeminence,werecalledontoreviewfivebooksamonthofwhichthreewerenovelettescomposedofcriminalconfessions.ThebutchersofBroadwaywouldseemlambsbycomparison.

14.Inwritingthispassage,theauthor’schiefpurposeseemstobe（）.

15.Thepassageindicatesthatthedramacriticis（）.

16.ThepassagesuggeststhatasaplayLongDay’sJourneyIntoNightwas（）.

17.Asusedinthepassage,theword“excoriations”mostnearlymeans（）.

18.LionelTillingismostprobablya（）.

19.The“butchersofBroadway”are（）.

20.Theparagraphprevioustothisonemostprobablydiscussedthe（）.

問題1選項

A.showwhybookreviewingiseasierthanplayreviewing

B.pointuptheopinionsofShaw

C.shownewtrendsinliterarycriticism

D.defendtheworkoftheplaycritic

問題2選項

A.conditionedbycertainrequirementsofhiscolumn

B.happytoobligethebackersofplays

C.mindfulofthevalueofpublicopinion

D.suspiciousofcriticismdirectedagainsthim

問題3選項

A.inconsequential

B.worthwhile

C.poorlywritten

D.long

問題4選項

A.attacks

B.explanations

C.praises

D.pronouncements

問題5選項

A.followerofShaw

B.dramacritic

C.bookreviewer

D.crimereporter

問題6選項

A.newspapereditors

B.playbackers

C.ineffectiveauthors

D.playreviewers

問題7選項

A.workofabookreviewer

B.characteristicsofthereadingpublic

C.advantagesofbeingadramacritic

D.costsofplayproduction

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:A

【解析】14.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】作者意圖題。根據(jù)文章首句，可得知戲劇評論家則沒有這樣的優(yōu)勢，他不可能有選擇性，以及原文Theyspendmostoftheirprofessionallivesattemptingtopronounceintelligentjudgmentsonplaysthathavenoaspirationtointelligence.Itishardlysurprisingthattheylashoutoccasionally;infact,whatamazesmeaboutthemisthattheydonotlashoutmoreviolentlyandmorefrequently.（他們將職業(yè)生涯的大部分時間用于明智地評判不太明智的戲劇，他們偶爾破口大罵就不足為怪了。實際上，他們讓我感到奇怪的是，他們罵得不夠激烈，不夠頻繁）很明顯，這是在為評論家辯護。A選項“表明為什么書評比戲劇評論容易”，B選項“指出蕭伯納的觀點”，C選項“展示文學(xué)批評的新趨勢”，都太過片面，所以A，B，C選項錯誤，因此，D選項“為戲劇評論家這個工作辯護”符合題意。

15.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】根據(jù)題干定位到原文首段第二句，可知戲劇評論家受篇幅的制約。A選項“受到他的專欄的某些要求的制約”，B選項“很高興能幫助這些戲劇的支持者”，C選項“注意公眾輿論的價值”，D選項“懷疑針對他的批評”。因此，A選項符合題意。

16.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文首段的第三句Thecolumnspacethatseemed,yesterday,sopitifullyinadequatetocontainhiscommentsonLongDay’sJourneyIntoNightisroughlythesameasthatwhichyawnstodayforhisverdictonthelatestscrapofmilk-fedKitschthathaschancedtofindforitselfanumskullbackerwithahundredthousanddollarstolost.（他對《日夜兼程》的評論是如此不恰當(dāng)，令人遺憾，就像今天他對最近一個奶嘴喂養(yǎng)的媚俗派的判決一樣，這個媚俗派碰巧給自己找到了一個笨蛋贊助人，損失了10萬美元）暗示了如果不是由于篇幅的限制，戲劇評論家會評論得更充分一些，這就說明《日夜兼程》是值得的，可知選擇B選項“有價值的”，A選項“無關(guān)緊要的”，C選項“寫得很差”，D選項“冗長的”。因此，B選項符合題意。

17.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語義推測題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文的倒數(shù)第三句AsShawsaidofhisfellow-criticsinthenineties,theyare“culpablyindulgentbodyofmen.”ImaginetheverbalexcoriationsthatwouldbeinflictedifLionelTilling,orsomeoneofcomparableeminence,werecalledontoreviewfivebooksamonthofwhichthreewerenovelettescomposedofcriminalconfessions.（蕭伯納在談到他90年代的評論家同僚時說他們是“罪有應(yīng)得的放縱之人?！毕胂笠幌?，如果萊昂內(nèi)爾?蒂林或其他有同等聲望的人每月被要求評論五本書，其中三本是由犯罪供詞組成的中篇小說……），根據(jù)罪有應(yīng)得的放縱之人，可知會受到口頭的譴責(zé)，因此，A選項“抨擊”符合題意。

18.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文倒數(shù)第二句ImaginetheverbalexcoriationsthatwouldbeinflictedifLionelTilling,orsomeoneofcomparableeminence,werecalledontoreviewfivebooksamonthofwhichthreewerenovelettescomposedofcriminalconfessions.（想象一下，如果萊昂內(nèi)爾?蒂林或其他有同等聲望的人每月被要求評論五本書，其中三本是由犯罪供詞組成的中篇小說，會遭到怎樣的口頭譴責(zé)。）可得知萊昂內(nèi)爾?蒂林受人邀請評論書籍，那么他很可能是一位書評家。因此，C選項“書評家”符合題意。

19.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】語義推測題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一句ThebutchersofBroadwaywouldseemlambsbycomparison.（相比之下，百老匯的屠夫就像是羔羊）這句話的前面是有提到書評家，而百老匯是美國戲劇藝術(shù)的活動中心，由此可知百老匯的屠夫也就是說的戲劇評論家，因此，D選項“戲劇評論家”符合題意。

20.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。這個自然段前面的一個自然段很可能論述書評家的工作。根據(jù)第一句話，Thedramacritic,ontheotherhand,hasnosuchadvantages.（而戲劇評論家則沒有這樣的優(yōu)勢）可知作者改變了他的話題，因為他運用了ontheotherhand（另一方面）這個詞組。與戲劇評論相對應(yīng)的很可能是書評，而且文章結(jié)尾處把書評家和戲劇評論家進行了比較。因此，A選項“書評家的工作”符合題意。

7.單選題

Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines;theBug-EyedMonsterembodyingeveryfeaturethatmostpeoplefindrepulsive.Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegradesaworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.Thebasicinterestofsciencefictionliesintherelationbetweenmanandhistechnologyandbetweenmanandtheuniverse.Sciencefictionisaliteratureofchangeandaliteratureofthefuture,andwhileitwouldbefoolishtoclaimthatsciencefictionisamajorliterarygenreatthistime,theaspectsofhumanlifethatitconsidersmakeitwellworthreadingandstudying—fornootherliteraryformdoesquitethesamethings.

Thequestionis:whatissciencefiction?Andtheanswermustbe,unfortunately,thattherehavebeenfewattemptstoconsiderthisquestionatanylengthorwithmuchseriousness;itmaywellbethatsciencefictionwillresistanycomprehensivedefinitionofitscharacteristics.Tosaythis,however,doesnotmeanthattherearenowaysofdefiningitnorthatvariousfacetsofitstotalitycannotbeclarified.Tobeginwith,thefollowingdefinitionshouldbehelpful:sciencefictionisaliterarysubgenrewhichpostulatesachange(forhumanbeings)fromconditionsasweknowthemandfollowtheimplicationsofthesechangestoaconclusion.Althoughthisdefinitionwithnecessarilybemodifiedandexpanded,andprobablychanged,inthecourseofthisexploration,itcoversmuchofthebasicgroundworkandprovidesapointsofdeparture.

Thefirstpoint—thatsciencefictionisaliterarysubgenre—isaveryimportantone,butonewhichisoftenoverlookedorignoredinmostdiscussionsofsciencefiction.Specifically,sciencefictioniseitherashortstoryoranovel.Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction,withKarelCapek’sRUR(Rossum’sUniversalRobots)beingtheonlyonethatiswellknown;thebodyofpoetrythatmightbelabeledsciencefictionisonlyslightlylarge.Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionthatistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral—thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.

Everythingthatcanbesaidaboutprosefictioningeneralappliestosciencefiction.Everypieceofsciencefiction,whethershortstoryornovel,musthaveanarrator,astory,aplot,asettingcharacters,language,andtheme.Andlikeanyprose,thethemesofsciencefictionareconcernedwithinterpretingman’snatureandexperienceinrelationtotheworldaroundhim.Themesinsciencefictionareconstructedandpresentedinexactlythesamewaysthatthemesaredealtwithinanyotherkindoffiction.Theyaretheresultofaparticularcombinationofnarratorstory,plot,character,setting,andlanguage.Inshort,thereasonsforreadingandenjoyingsciencefiction,andthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingit,arebasicallythesameastheywouldbeforanyotherstoryornovel.

1.Sciencefictioniscalledaliterarysubgenrebecause______.

2.Theviewofsciencefictionencouragedbypulpmagazines,whilewrong,isnevertheless______.

3.Anappropriatetitleforthepassagewouldbe______.

4.Theauthor’sdefinitionsuggeststhatallsciencefictiondealswith______.

5.Oneimplicationofthefinalsentenceinthepassageisthat______.

問題1選項

A.itisnotimportantenoughtobealiterarygenre

B.itcannotbemadeintoadramaticpresentation

C.tocallita“genre”wouldsubjectittoliteraryjargon

D.itsharescharacteristicswithothertypesofprosefiction

問題2選項

A.popular

B.deranged

C.elegant

D.accurate

問題3選項

A.OntheInaccuraciesofPulpMagazines

B.ManandtheUniverse

C.TowardaDefinitionofScienceFiction

D.ATypeofProseFiction

問題4選項

A.thesametopicsaddressedbynovelsandshortstories

B.theunfamiliarorunusual

C.KarelCapek’swell-knownpostulate

D.theconflictbetweenscienceandfiction

問題5選項

A.therearereasonsforenjoyingsciencefiction

B.thereadershouldturnnexttocommentariesongeneralfiction

C.thereisnoreasonforanyreadernottolikesciencefiction

D.thosewhocanreadandanalyzefictioncanalsodosowithsciencefiction

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“科幻小說之所以被稱為文學(xué)流派分支是因為……”。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionthatistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral—thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.（科幻小說是散文小說的一個分支，也就是說，它具有一般散文小說的所有基本特征和基本功能，即它與其他所有的小說和短篇故事有很多共同之處）可知，D項“它與其他類型的散文小說有共同的特點”正確；根據(jù)第一段Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines…Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegradesaworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.（許多人似乎認為科幻小說以一些老式低俗雜志的封面為代表……這是不幸的，因為它貶低了一個值得的，甚至是重要的文學(xué)努力）可知，科幻小說是重要的文學(xué)努力，A項“它還不夠重要去成為一種文學(xué)體裁”錯誤；根據(jù)第三段中的Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction（只有少數(shù)戲劇可以被稱為科幻小說）可知，科幻小說可以以戲劇形式出現(xiàn)，B項“不能以戲劇的形式表演”錯誤；根據(jù)第三段第一句Thefirstpoint—thatsciencefictionisaliterarysubgenre—isaveryimportantone（科幻小說是文學(xué)的一個分支，這一點非常重要）可知，科幻小說就是屬于文學(xué)流派分支，C項“稱其為體裁會使它從屬于文學(xué)流派”也不符合原文。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“被低俗雜志推崇的科幻小說這一的觀點盡管是錯誤的，然而它卻是……”。根據(jù)第一段Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines.（許多人似乎認為科幻小說以一些老式低俗雜志的封面為代表）可知，這種觀點是非常普遍的，A項“流行的，普遍的”正確；B項“瘋狂的”、C項“優(yōu)雅的”和D項“準確的”表述都不夠準確。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章恰當(dāng)?shù)臉祟}應(yīng)該是……”。通讀全文可知，文章主要是闡述科幻小說的定義，即它和散文小說有共同的特點，屬于文學(xué)流派的分支，故C項“科幻小說的定義”最能概括全文；A項“關(guān)于低俗雜志的不準確性”和D項“散文小說的一種類型”都只是部分提及；B項“人與宇宙”沒有提到。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者的定義表明，所有科幻小說都涉及……”。根據(jù)第三段最后一句ithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral—thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.（它具有一般散文小說的所有基本特征和基本功能，即它與其他所有的小說和短篇故事有很多共同之處）以及最后一段中的Themesinsciencefictionareconstructedandpresentedinexactlythesamewaysthatthemesaredealtwithinanyotherkindoffiction.（科幻小說中的主題的構(gòu)建和呈現(xiàn)方式與其他任何類型的小說的主題處理方式完全相同）可以推斷，A項“與小說和短篇故事一樣的主題”是正確的；B項“不常見的或者是不尋常的事物”和D項“科學(xué)和小說間的沖突”在文中沒有根據(jù)；C項“KarelCapek著名的假設(shè)”，文中第三段只提到了Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction,withKarelCapek’sRUR(Rossum’sUniversalRobots)beingtheonlyonethatiswellknown（只有少數(shù)戲劇可以被稱為科幻小說，其中KarelCapek的《Rossum’sUniversalRobots》是唯一著名的），可知C項無中生有。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“文章最后一個句子的含義是……”。文章最后一句話是Inshort,thereasonsforreadingandenjoyingsciencefiction,andthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingit,arebasicallythesameastheywouldbeforanyotherstoryornovel.（簡而言之，閱讀和欣賞科幻小說的原因，以及研究和分析科幻小說的方式，基本上與閱讀其他故事或小說的方式相同）可知，閱讀和欣賞科幻小說的原因以及分析它的方式基本和其他故事或小說的方式基本相同，因此可以反推，能夠閱讀和分析小說的人也能讀科幻小說，故D項“那些能讀和分析小說的人也能讀科幻小說”符合題意；A項“喜歡科幻小說是有原因的”只是句子的一段信息，并不是該句的含義；B項“讀者應(yīng)該求助于一般小說的評論”和C項“讀者沒有理由不喜歡科幻小說”在本句沒有提到。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

8.單選題

Inresponsetothesignals,therobotarmsmakescribblesonwhitecanvaswiththreecoloredmarkersattachedtotheendofthearms.

問題1選項

A.images

B.scripts

C.scratches

D.characters

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項images“圖像；影像；肖像”；B選項scripts“原稿”；C選項scratches“刮傷；刮花”；D選項characters“特性；人物角色”。句意：作為對信號的回應(yīng)，機器人手臂會在白色畫布上涂鴉，手臂末端有三個彩色標記。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞markers“記號”，得知B選項正確。

9.單選題

GREYINGPOPULATIONSTAYSINTHEPINK

Elderlypeoplearegrowinghealthier,happierandmoreindependent,sayAmericanscientists.Theresultsofa14-yearstudytobeannouncedlaterthismonthrevealthatthediseasesassociatedwitholdageareafflictingfewerandfewerpeopleandwhentheydostrike,itismuchlaterinlife.

Inthelast14years,theNationallong-termHealthCareSurveyhasgathereddataonthehealthandlifestylesofmorethan20,000menandwomenover65.Researchers,nowanalyzingtheresultsofdatagatheredin1994,sayarthritis,highbloodpressureandcirculationproblems—themajormedicalcomplaintsinthisagegroup—aretroublingasmallerproportioneveryyear.Andthedataconfirmsthattherateatwhichthesediseasesaredecliningcontinuestoaccelerate.Otherdiseasesofoldage—dementia,stroke,arteriosclerosisandemphysema—arealsotroublingfewerandfewerpeople.

Itreallyraisesthequestionofwhatshouldbeconsiderednormalageing,saysKennethManton,ademographerfromDukeUniversityinNorthCarolina.Hesaystheproblemsdoctorsacceptedasnormalina65-year-oldin1982areoftennotappearinguntilpeopleare70or75.

Clearly,certaindiseasesarebeatingaretreatinthefaceofmedicaladvances.Buttheremaybeothercontributingfactors.Improvementsinchildhoodnutritioninthefirstquarterofthetwentiethcentury,forexample,gavetoday’selderlypeopleabetterstartinlifethantheirpredecessors.

Onthedownside,thedataalsorevealsfailuresinpublichealththathavecausedsurgesinsomeillnesses.Anincreaseinsomecancersandbronchitismayreflectchangingsmokinghabitsandpoorerairquality,saytheresearchers.Thesemaybesubtleinfluences,saysManton,butoursubjectshavebeenexposedtoworseandworsepollutionforover60years.It’snotsurprisingweseesomeeffect.

OneinterestingcorrelationMantonuncoveredisthatbetter-educatedpeoplearelikelytolivelonger.Forexample,65-year-oldwomenwithfewerthaneightyearsofschoolingareexpected,onaverage,toliveto82.Thosewhocontinuedtheireducationliveanextrasevenyears.Althoughsomeofthiscanbeattributedtoahigherincome,Mantonbelievesitismainlybecauseeducatedpeopleseekmoremedicalattention.

Thesurveyalsoassessedhowindependentpeopleover65were,andagainfoundastrikingtrend.Almost80%ofthoseinthe1994surveycouldcompleteeverydayactivitiesrangingfromeatinganddressingunaidedtocomplextaskssuchascookingandmanagingtheirfinances.Thatrepresentsasignificantdropinthenumberofdisabledoldpeopleinthepopulation.IfthetrendsapparentintheUnitedStates14yearsagohadcontinued,researcherscalculatetherewouldbeanadditionalonemilliondisabledelderlypeopleintoday’population.AccordingtoManton,slowingthetrendhassavedtheUnitedStatesgovernment’sMedicaresystemmorethan$200billion,suggestingthatthegreyingofAmerica’spopulationmayprovelessofafinancialburdenthanexpected.

Theincreasingself-relianceofmanyelderlypeopleisprobablylinkedtoamassiveincreaseintheuseofsimplehomemedicalaids.Forinstance,theuseofraisedtoiletseatshasmorethandoubledsincethestartofthestudy,andtheuseofbathseatshasgrownbymorethan50%.Thesedevelopmentsalsobringsomehealthbenefits,accordingtoareportfromtheMacArthurFoundation’sresearchgrouponsuccessfulageing.Thegroupfoundthatthoseelderlypeoplewhowereabletoretainasenseofindependenceweremorelikelytostayhealthyinoldage.

Maintainingalevelofdailyphysicalactivitymayhelpmentalfunctioning,saysCarlCotman,aneuroscientistattheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvine.Hefoundthatratsthatexerciseonatreadmillhaveraisedlevelsofbrain-derivedneurotropicfactorcoursingthroughtheirbrains.Cotmanbelievesthishormone,whichkeepsneuronsfunctioning,maypreventthebrainsofactivehumansfromdeteriorating.

Aspartofthesamestudy,TeresaSeeman,asocialepidemiologistattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniainLosAngeles,foundaconnectionbetweenself-esteemandstressinpeopleover70.Inlaboratorysimulationsofchallengingactivitiessuchasdriving,thosewhofeltincontroloftheirlivespumpedoutlowerlevelsofstresshormonessuchascortisol.Chronicallyhighlevelsofthesehormoneshavebeenlinkedtoheartdisease.

Butindependencecanhavedrawbacks.Seemanfoundthatelderlypeoplewhofeltemotionallyisolatedmaintainedhigherlevelsofstresshormonesevenwhenasleep.Theresearchsuggeststhatolderpeoplefarebestwhentheyfeelindependentbutknowtheycangethelpwhenneedit.

“Likemuchresearchintoageing,theseresultssupportcommonsense,”saysSeeman.Theyalsoshowthatwemaybeunderestimatingtheimpactofthosesimplefactors.“Thesortofthingthatyourgrandmotheralwaystoldyouturnsouttoberightontarget,”shesays.

Completethesummaryusingthelistofwords,A-Q,below.

Writethecorrectletter,A-Q,inboxes1-10onyouranswersheet.

ResearchcarriedoutbyscientistsintheUnitedStateshasshownthattheproportionofpeopleover65sufferingfromthemostcommonage-relatedmedicalproblemsis（1）andthatthespeedofthischangeis（2）.Italsoseemsthatthesediseasesareaffectingpeople（3）inlifethantheydidinthepast.Thisislargelyduetodevelopmentsin（4）butotherfactorssuchasimproved（5）mayalsobeplayingapart.Increasesinsomeother（6）maybeduetochangesinpersonalhabitsandto（7）.Theresearchestablishesalinkbetweenlevelsof（8）andlifeexpectancy.Italsoshowsthattherehasbeenaconsiderablereductioninthenumberofelderlypeoplewhoare（9）whichmeansthatthe（10）involvedinsupportingthissectionofthepopulationmaybelessthanpreviouslypredicted.

問題1選項

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

問題2選項

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

問題3選項

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

問題4選項

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

問題5選項

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

問題6選項

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

問題7選項

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

問題8選項

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

問題9選項

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

問題10選項

A.cost

B.falling

C.illnesses

D.undernourished

E.earlier

F.later

G.disabled

H.more

I.increasing

J.nutrition

K.education

L.constant

M.medicine

N.pollution

O.environmental

P.health.

Q.independent.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:I

第3題:F

第4題:M

第5題:J

第6題:C

第7題:N

第8題:K

第9題:G

第10題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第二段第二句，“Researchers,nowanalyzingtheresultsofdatagatheredin1994,sayarthritis,highbloodpressureandcirculationproblems—themajormedicalcomplaintsinthisagegroup—aretroublingasmallerproportioneveryyear.”，研究人員分析了1994年收集的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果，稱關(guān)節(jié)炎、高血壓和血液循環(huán)問題是這個年齡段的主要疾病，每年困擾的比例越來越小?？膳袛喑雠c老年有關(guān)的疾病越來越少，比例正在下降。選項B符合題意。

2.根據(jù)文章第二段第三句，“Andthedataconfirmsthattherateatwhichthesediseasesaredecliningcontinuestoaccelerate.”，數(shù)據(jù)證實，老年疾病的下降速度繼續(xù)加快。可判斷出這種變化的速度不斷提高。選項I符合題意。

3.根據(jù)文章第一段第二句，“…revealthatthediseasesassociatedwitholdageareafflictingfewerandfewerpeopleandwhentheydostrike,itismuchlaterinlife.”，與越來越少的人患上與老年相關(guān)的疾病，到很晚的時候才會發(fā)生這樣的疾病?？膳袛喑雠c年齡相關(guān)的疾病正困擾著越來越少的人，而且會出現(xiàn)得越來越晚。選項F符合題意。

4.根據(jù)文章第四段第一句，“Clearly,certaindiseasesarebeatingaretreatinthefaceofmedicaladvances.”，顯然，某些疾病在“醫(yī)學(xué)進步”面前正在退卻?？膳袛喑鲠t(yī)學(xué)的進步導(dǎo)致了患病率的下降。信息M符合題意。

5.根據(jù)文章第四段第三句，“Improvementsinchildhoodnutritioninthefirstquarterofthetwentiethcentury,forexample,gavetoday’selderlypeopleabetterstartinlifethantheirpredecessors.”二十世紀上半葉兒童營養(yǎng)狀況的改善，使今天的老年人比他們的前輩有了更好的開端?？膳袛喑鰻I養(yǎng)狀況的改善是患病率下降的因素之一。選項J符合題意。

6.根據(jù)文章第五段第二句，“Anincreaseinsomecancersandbronchitismayreflectchangingsmokinghabitsandpoorerairquality,saytheresearchers.”，一些癌癥和支氣管炎的增加可能反映了吸煙習(xí)慣的改變和空氣質(zhì)量的下降?？膳袛喑鲇捎谝恍┝?xí)慣的改變可能會增加其他的一些疾病。選項C符合題意。

7.根據(jù)文章第五段倒數(shù)第二句，“Thesemaybesubtleinfluences,saysManton,butoursubjectshavebeenexposedtoworseandworsepollutionforover60years.”，曼頓認為習(xí)慣的改變可能是微妙的影響，但是60年來人們暴露在越發(fā)污染嚴重的環(huán)境中，對疾病造成影響?？膳袛喑鑫廴疽彩羌膊÷实挠绊懸蛩刂?。選項N符合題意。

8.根據(jù)文章第六段第一句，“OneinterestingcorrelationMantonuncoveredisthatbetter-educatedpeoplearelikelytolivelonger.”，曼頓發(fā)現(xiàn)的一個有趣的相關(guān)性是：受教育程度高的人可能更長壽?？膳袛喑黾膊÷蔬€可能與教育程度相關(guān)。選項K符合題意。

9.根據(jù)文章第七段，“Thatrepresentsasignificantdropinthenumberofdisabledoldpeopleinthepopulation.”，殘疾老年人的數(shù)量正在下降?？膳袛喑鲞@里提到的是有關(guān)于殘疾的老年人數(shù)量下降的現(xiàn)象。選項G符合題意。

10.根據(jù)文章第七段最后一句，“AccordingtoManton,slowingthetrendhassavedtheUnitedStatesgovernment’sMedicaresystemmorethan$200billion,suggestingthatthegreyingofAmerica’spopulationmayprovelessofafinancialburdenthanexpected.”，據(jù)曼頓表示，減緩老齡化趨勢為美國政府的醫(yī)療保險系統(tǒng)節(jié)省了2000多億美元，這表明美國人口老齡化帶來的經(jīng)濟負擔(dān)可能比預(yù)期的要輕?？膳袛喑鋈丝诶淆g化問題的解決可以減少對這部分人口的開支。選項A符合題意。

10.單選題

IthinkIwasatschool,（

）IwasstayingwithafriendduringthevacationwhenIheardthenews.

問題1選項

A.orelse

B.andthen

C.orso

D.evenso

【答案】A

【解析】詞組辨析題。A選項；B選項andthen“于是，然后”;C選項orso“大約”;D選項evenso“雖然如此，即使如此”。根據(jù)句意‘當(dāng)聽到這個消息時，我應(yīng)該是在學(xué)校，……在和朋友度假?！瘧?yīng)該是表示選擇，所以A選項orelse“否則,要不然”符合邏輯，正確。

11.單選題

（）thenewfund-raisingplanisapproved，wewillsoonhavemoremoneytobuildthegymnasium.

問題1選項

A.While

B.Given

C.Unless

D.Evenif

【答案】B

【解析】句意：新的融資計劃被批準,我們很快就會有更多的錢建造體育館。given鑒于，考慮到...符合句意。

12.單選題

Withtheadventofnewtechnologies,trashrecyclingisbecominganincreasing______optionforwastedisposal.

問題1選項

A.controversial

B.flexible

C.feasible

D.impractical

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.controversial引起爭論的；有爭議的B.flexible靈活的；可變動的

C.feasible可行的；行得通的D.impractical不現(xiàn)實的；手不靈巧的

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞trashrecycling（垃圾回收）和wastedisposal（廢物處理）可知，______option指的是“可行的方法”，故該題選擇C項符合句意。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D項不符合句意。

【句意】隨著新技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)，垃圾回收正成為一種日益可行的廢物處理方法。

13.單選題

More____thannot,Dadisthelastonetospeak.

問題1選項

A.always

B.often

C.frequent

D.so

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.always總是B.often經(jīng)常

C.frequent頻繁的D.so這樣

【考查點】固定搭配

【解題思路】根據(jù)前后有More____thannot推斷，本題考查的是固定搭配moreoftenthannot“通常；往往”，因此，B選項often“經(jīng)?！狈洗钆湟蟆Ａ硗鈇softenasnot也表示“通常；往往”。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D選項不符合原文搭配。

【句意】父親通常是最后一個講話的。

14.單選題

TheAleuts,residingonseveralislandsoftheAleutianChain,thePribilofIslands,andtheAlaskanPeninsula,havepossessedawrittenlanguagesince1825,whentheRussianmissionaryIvanVeniaminovselectedappropriateoftheCyrillicalphabettorepresentAleutspeechsounds,recordedthemainbodyofAleutvocabulary,andformulatedgrammaticalrules.TheCzaristRussianconquestoftheproud,independentseahunterswassodevastatinglythoroughthattribaltraditions,eventribalmemories,werealmostdestro