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書山有路勤為徑,學海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海中僑職業(yè)技術(shù)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thesuntodayisayellowdwarfstar.Itisfueledbythermonuclearreactionsnearitscenterthatconverthydrogentohelium.Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyearsandisthousandsoftimeslargerthantheEarth.

Bystudyingotherstars,astronomerscanpredictwhattherestoftheSun’swillbelike.About5billionyearsfromnow,thecoreofthesunwillshrinkandbecomehotter.Thesurfacetemperaturewillfall.Thehighertemperatureofthecenterwillincreasetherateofthermonuclearreactions.Theouterregionsofthesunwillexpandapproximately35millionmiles,aboutthedistancetomercury,whichistheclosestplanettothesun.Thesunwillthenbearedgiantstar.Temperaturesontheearthwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist.

Oncethesunhasusedupitsthermonuclearenergyasaredgiant,itwillbegintoshrink.Afteritshrinkstothesizeoftheearth,itwillbecomeawhitedwarfstar.Thesunmaythrowoffhugeamountsofgasesinviolenteruptionscallednovaexplosionsasitchangesfromaredgianttoawhitedwarf.

Afterbillionsofyearsasawhitedwarf,theSunwillhaveusedupallitsfuelandwillhavelostitsheat.Suchastariscalledablackdwarf.AftertheSunhasbecomeablackdwarf,theearthwillbedarkandcold.Ifanyatmosphereremainsthere,itwillhavefrozenontotheearth’ssurface.

1.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthispassage?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthesun(

).

3.Whenthesunbecomesaredgiant,whatwillconditionsbelikeonEarth?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthesequenceofstagesthatthesunwillprobablypassthrough?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthetoneofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Toalertpeopletothedangersposedbythesun.

B.Todiscussconditionsonearthinthefarfuture.

C.Topresentatheoryaboutredgiantstars.

D.Todescribechangesthatthesunwillgothrough.

問題2選項

A.isapproximatelyhalfwaythroughitslifeasayellowdwarf

B.hasbeeninexistencefor10billionyears

C.israpidlychanginginsizeandbrightness

D.willcontinueasayellowdwarfforanother10billionyears

問題3選項

A.Itsatmospherewillfreezeandbecomesolid.

B.Itwillbeenvelopedintheexpandingsurfaceofthesun.

C.Itwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist.

D.Itwillbenearlydestroyedbynovaexplosions.

問題4選項

A.Yellowdwarf,whitedwarf,redgiant,blackgiant.

B.Redgiant,whitedwarf,reddwarf,novaexplosion.

C.Yellowdwarf,redgiant,whitedwarf,blackdwarf.

D.Whitedwarf,redgiant,blackdwarf,yellowdwarf.

問題5選項

A.Alarmed

B.Pessimistic

C.Comic

D.Objective

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章的主旨是什么”。文章第二段第一句話是文章的中心句,提到“通過研究其他恒星,天文學家可以預測太陽系其他部分的樣子”(Bystudyingotherstars,astronomerscanpredictwhattherestoftheSun’swillbelike),由此可知選項D符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“從文章可推斷出太陽……”。文章第一段提到太陽以現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)(一個黃色的矮星球)存在了46億年(Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyears);第二段提到通過研究其他恒星,天文學家發(fā)現(xiàn),再過50億年太陽將縮小并且變得更熱,太陽將變成一個巨大的紅色星球(aredgiantstar),當能量用盡時,太陽會繼續(xù)縮小,變成一個白色的矮星球,接著變成黑色的矮星球。由此可知,現(xiàn)存狀態(tài)的時間差不多是太陽生命的一半,選項A符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題目問的是“當太陽變成紅色星球,地球上是什么光景”。文章第二段最后一句提到“地球上的溫度會很熱,生命無法生存”(Temperaturesontheearthwillbecometoohotforlifetoexist),選項C符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知,關(guān)于太陽發(fā)展的各個階段,下列哪個是正確的”。文章第一段提到太陽以現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)(一個黃色的矮星球)存在了46億年(Thesunhasexistedinitspresentstateforabout4billion,600millionyears);第二段提到通過研究其他恒星,天文學家發(fā)現(xiàn),再過50億年太陽將縮小并且變得更熱,太陽將變成一個巨大的紅色星球(aredgiantstar),當能量用盡時,太陽會繼續(xù)縮小,變成一個白色的矮星球,接著變成黑色的矮星球,由此可知正確的排序是yellowdwarf,redgiant,whitedwarf,blackdwarf,選項C符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。題目問的是“文章的基調(diào)是什么”。文章從頭到尾都是以非常客觀的態(tài)度來描述天文學家對太陽發(fā)展的預測,選項D符合題意。Alarmed“擔憂的”;pessimistic“悲觀的”;comic“滑稽的”;objective“客觀的”。

2.單選題

ElizabethHolmes:HolmesiswheretheheartisTheranos'sbosssayshermissionextendsbeyondmakingafortune.TECHentrepreneursoftenhavetheirowndistinctiveuniforms.ForFacebook'sMarkZuckerberg,itisjeansandahoodie.ForthelateSteveJobs,itwasjeansandblackturtleneck.ElizabethHolmeshasplumpedforsomethingsmartermatchingblackjacket,trousersandturtleneck.Itsaveshavingtodecidewhattoweareachmorning,shesayswithtypicalsingle-mindedness.

Attheageof19MsHolmeshadanideaabouttoimprovethewaybloodtestsaredone.SoshedroppedoutofStanfordUniversity,whereshewasstudyingchemicalengineering,andwithmoneythathadbeensetasideforhercollegeeducationshequietlyfoundedTheranos,adiagnosticscompany.Thatwasin2003.Shesaysshespentthenexttenyearsin"stealthmode,withoutpressreleasesorevenacompanywebsite.Duringthattimesheperfectedawayofdoinghundredsoftestscheaplyandquicklyonadropofblood,usinglab-on-a-chiptechnology.

Today,aged31,sheisestimatedbyForbesmagazinetobeworth$4.7billion,andthustobetheworld'syoungestself-madefemalebillionaire.Sheistheauthor,andco-author,ofnumerouspatentsandpatentapplications.YetMsHolmesseemsuninterestedinmoneyorkudos.

Shesayshermissionistousetestingtohelppeoplestayhealthy.Shewantstodetectdiseasessuchasdiabetes,cancersandheartdiseasefarearlier,beforetheyproducesymptoms,andindoingsosavelives.AdmirershavecomparedhertotechnologytitanslikeJobs.Butherfocusonhumanity'sbigproblemsmakeshermorelikeElonMusk,whowantsnotjusttomakemoneybuildingspacerocketsandelectriccars,buttocoloniseotherplanetsandsavethisonefromclimatechange.

ThisweekMsHolmesannouncedthatshewastakinghermissionbeyondAmerica'sborders,bylaunchinganot-for-profitprojecttobringcheapmedicalteststoMexicowithbackingfromCarlosSlim,aMexicantelecomsmagnate.Theranosisstillprivatelyowned—MsHolmessayssheholdsmorethan50%ofitsstock-andremainssecretiveaboutitsrevenuestreamsandplans.Althoughitishardtoknowifthecompanymeritsitsrichvaluation,oneencouragingsignforotherinvestorsisthecompany'sstellarboardofdirectors.Itincludestwoformersecretariesofstate(GeorgeShultzandHenryKissinger)andanumberofhigh-profileinvestorsincludingLarryEllisonofOracle.Ifanabilitytowinoverluminariesisadiagnostictestforthehealthofyoungcompanies,Theranospasses.

1.ElizabethHolmes'missioninbusinessis()?

2.ElizabethHolmesisalwaysin()?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTTRUE?

4.MsHolmesislikeElonMuskin()?

5.Twoformersecretariesofstateandanumberofhigh-profileinvestorsarelistedto().

問題1選項

A.tohelppeoplestayhealthy

B.toimprovethewaybloodtestsaredone

C.tomakeafortune

D.todetectdiseases

問題2選項

A.jeansandblackturtleneck

B.jeansandahoodie

C.blackjacketandturtleneck

D.jeansandtrousers

問題3選項

A.MsHolmesknewhowtoimprovethewaybloodtestsaredone

B.MsHolmeswasdroppedoutofStanfordUniversity

C.MsHolmesstudiedchemicalengineeringatStanfordUniversity

D.MsHolmesestablishedacompanybyherself.

問題4選項

A.makingmoneyintheirownbusiness

B.colonizingotherplanetsandsavethisonefromclimatechange

C.becomingtechnologytitans

D.protectinghumanbeingsoftheworld.

問題5選項

A.showgreatyouthofthecompany.

B.showgreatsuccessofthecompany.

C.showgreatstructureofthecompany

D.showgreatpromiseofthecompany

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第五段:Shesayshermissionistousetestingtohelppeoplestayhealthy(她說她的責任是通過這些測驗讓人們保持健康)。因此A項“以幫助人們保持健康”正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。第一段指出:ElizabethHolmeshasplumpedforsomethingsmartermatchingblackjacket,trousersandturtleneck(伊麗莎白?福爾摩斯喜歡更時髦的黑色夾克、褲子和高領(lǐng)毛衣)。因此,C項“黑夾克和高領(lǐng)毛衣”正確。

3.判斷推理題。第二段指出:Attheageof19MsHolmeshadanideaabouthowtoimprovethewaybloodtestsaredone(霍姆斯19歲時就有了一個改進驗血方法的想法)。因此,A項“霍姆斯知道改進血液檢測的方法”不符合原文所述。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位至倒數(shù)第二段:Butherfocusonhumanity'sbigproblemsmakeshermorelikeElonMusk,whowantsnotjusttomakemoneybuildingspacerocketsandelectriccars,buttocoloniesotherplanetsandsavethisonefromclimatechange(但她對人類大問題的關(guān)注使她更像埃隆?馬斯克,他不僅想通過制造太空火箭和電動汽車賺錢,還想殖民其他星球,把這個星球從氣候變化中拯救出來)。因此,本題選D項“保護地球上的人類”。

5.判斷推理題。最后一段指出:Althoughitishardtoknowifthecompanymeritsitsrichvaluation,oneencouragingsignforotherinvestorsisthecompany'sstellarboardofdirectors(盡管很難知道該公司是否值得其豐厚的估值,但對其他投資者來說,一個令人鼓舞的跡象是該公司出色的董事會)。由此可知,列出兩位前國務(wù)卿和一些知名投資者是為了展現(xiàn)公司的巨大前景。故選D。

3.單選題

Ifonlythecommittee(

)theregulationandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible.

問題1選項

A.approve

B.willapprove

C.canapprove

D.wouldapprove

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。ifonly表示“要是……就好了”,此處是對將來的虛擬,因此謂語動詞用would/should/could/+動詞原形,選D。句意:如果委員會能批準這項條例并盡快付諸實施就好了。

4.單選題

Donorfatigueand()ofthecountry’spovertyarenowcausingthosehopestowither.

問題1選項

A.expenditure

B.extremity

C.wreckage

D.supremacy

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。expenditure“支出”;extremity“極端”;wreckage“殘骸”;supremacy“至高無上”。句意:捐贈者的疲倦和這個國家的極端貧困導致希望越來越渺茫。選項B符合題意。

5.單選題

15.

問題1選項

A.Chemotherapy.

B.Radiation.

C.Injections.

D.Surgery.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Whatdoyouknowabouttreatmentsofcancer?

M:Chemotherapy.Buttheatmakesyourhairfallout,doesn’tit?

W:Yes,therearesomeunpleasantside-effects.I’mnotsureweneedtoconsiderthatatthisstage.Weshouldseewhetheraseriesofinjectionwillhelp.

Q:Whattreatmentwillthemanprobablyreceivefirst?

【解析】對話中女士說要先看看藥物注射是否有效,患者的狀況還不到進行化療的程度。

6.單選題

Hefoundhisnewacquaintancetobe():tryingtounderstandherpersonalitywaslike

peeringintoanunknowndimension.

問題1選項

A.cosmopolitan

B.imperturbable

C.inscrutable

D.puerile

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:他發(fā)現(xiàn)他新結(jié)識的朋友

,嘗試了解她的性格就如同窺探未知的領(lǐng)域。

cosmopolitan世界性的;世界主義的,四海一家的;imperturbable冷靜的;泰然自若的;inscrutable神秘的;不可理解的;不能預測的;不可思議的;puerile幼稚的;孩子氣的;未成熟的;天真的。因此,C項符合句意。

7.單選題

Thosewhowelcomedtherailwaysawitasmorethanarapidandcomfortablemeansofpassing.Theyactuallysawitasafactorinworldpeace.Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejustonemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether—themorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.

Wheneveranynewinventionisputforward,thoseforitandthoseagainstitcanalwaysfindmedicalmentoapproveorcondemn.Theanti-railwaygroupproduceddoctorswhosaidthattunnelswouldbemostdangeroustopublichealth:theywouldproducecolds,catarrhs(黏膜炎)andconsumptions.Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareoftheenginefirewouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.Further,beingmovedthroughtheairatahighspeedwoulddograveinjurytodelicatelungs.Inthosewithhighblood-pressure,themovementofthetrainmightproduceapoplexy(中風).The

suddenplungingofatrainintothedarknessofatunnel,andtheequallysuddenrushintofulldaylight,wouldcausegreatdamagetoeyesight.Butthepro-railwaygroupwasofcourseabletoproduceequallyfamousmedicalmentosayjusttheopposite.Theysaidthatthespeedandswingofthetrainwouldequalizethecirculation,promotedigestion,tranquilizethenerves,andensuregoodsleep.

Theactualrolling-stockwasanythingbutcomfortable.Ifitwasatestofendurancetositforfourhoursoutsideacoachinrain,orinsideindirtyair,therailwayofferedlittlemoreinthewayofcomfort.Certainlythefirst-classcarriageshadcushionedseats;butthesecond-classhadonlynarrowbareboards,whilethethird-classhadnothingatall;noseatsandnoroof;theywerejustopentrucks.Sothatthird-classpassengersgainednothingfromthefewmodesexceptspeed.Inthematterofcomfort,indeedtheylost;theydid,onthecoaches,haveaseat,butnowtheyhadtostandalltheway,whichgaveopportunitiestothecomic(滑稽的)press.Thiskindofthing:Amanwasseenyesterdaybuyingathird-classticketforthenewLondonandBirminghamRailway.Thestateofhismindisbeingenquiredinto.

Awriterintheearlydaysofrailwayswrotefeelinglyofbothsecond-andthird-classcarriages.Hemadethesuggestionthatthedirectorsoftherailwaysmusthavesentallovertheworldtofindthehardestpossiblewood.Oftheopenthird-classtruckshesaidthattheyhadthepeculiarpropertyofmeetingtherainfromwhateverquarteritcame.Hedescribedthemashorizontalshower-baths,fromwhosesearchingpowertherewasnoescape.

1.Allboysandgirlsinlargefamiliesknowthat______.

2.Accordingtothosewhowelcomedtherailway,therailwayitselfshouldincludeallthefollowingexcept______.

3.Accordingtotheanti-railwaygroup,allthefollowingsaretruebut_____.

4.Wemaysafelyconcludethat_____.

5.Whatisthetoneofthispassage?

問題1選項

A.aboyandagirlusuallyfightwhentheyaretogether

B.peopletendtobetogethermorethantheyusedtobe

C.alotofpeoplebeingtogethermakesfightslikely

D.railwayleadstheworldtopeace

問題2選項

A.therailwayenablespeopletotravelfast

B.therailwaybringscomforttopeople

C.therailwaymakestheworldpeaceful

D.therailwayleadstheworldtowaraswell

問題3選項

A.tunnelsaredangeroustopublichealth

B.thenoiseandtheglareoftheenginefiremayaffectpeople’snerves

C.therapidspeedthroughtheairdoesdamagetopeople’slungs

D.tothosewithhighblood-pressure,therapidspeedofthetraincausesthemtodie

問題4選項

A.theauthorbelongstotheanti-railwaygroup

B.theauthorbelongstothefor-railwaygroup

C.theauthorspeakshighlyoftherailway

D.theauthormaynevertaketrainbecauseofitspotentialdangers

問題5選項

A.Practical.

B.Satirical.

C.Humorous.

D.Exaggerated.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句,“themorewearetogether-themorechancesthereareofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.”,可知男孩女孩們都知道,大家越是團結(jié)在一起,發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭的機會就越大,選項C符合題意。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段,“Noneofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether—themorechancesthereareofwar.”,可知沒有人預見到鐵路是發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭機會越來越多的原因。選項D符合題意。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句,“wouldbemostdangeroustopublichealth”,可知火車對人體健康是最危險的。選項A可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段第三句,“Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareoftheenginefirewouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.”,可知噪音和眩光對人的神經(jīng)有影響,選項B可排除。根據(jù)第二段第四句,“woulddograveinjurytodelicatelungs.”,可知對人體肺部也有影響,選項C排除。選項D符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段,“Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejustonemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.”,可知人們沒有預見鐵路是敵軍快速移動的一種方式,可推斷出作者提出了火車的不好,表明了自己反對鐵路的立場,所以他是反鐵路組織的一員。選項A符合題意。

5.作者態(tài)度題。文章第二段提到了火車會對身體健康等各方面帶來危害,最后一段還舉到了一位作家對火車描述的例子,可見作者是運用了諷刺的語氣來描寫的。選項B符合題意。

8.單選題

()ofover5%areattractiveifthedollarreallyisgoingtostabilize.

問題1選項

A.Manufactures

B.Yields

C.Creating

D.Receiving

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項Manufactures“產(chǎn)品”;B選項Yields“生產(chǎn)量,收益”;C選項Creating“創(chuàng)造”;D選項Receiving“接受”。句意:如果美元真的要穩(wěn)定下來,超過5%的_____率是有吸引力的。根據(jù)邏輯,前半句講到要穩(wěn)定下來,那么之后說的應(yīng)該也是“收益率”,因此B選項符合題意。

9.單選題

Hewasgivenapresentin()ofhisworkforthebusiness.

問題1選項

A.honor

B.realization

C.acknowledgement

D.encouragement

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項honor“榮譽”;B選項realization“實現(xiàn),認識”;C選項acknowledgement“承認,感謝”;D選項encouragement“鼓勵”。句意:他得到一份禮物,以感謝他為公司所做的工作。本句表示感謝他做的工作。因此C選項正確。

10.單選題

Somepeopleviewedthefindingswithcaution,notingthatacause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenpassivesmokingandcancerremained().

問題1選項

A.tobeshown

B.tohavebeenshown

C.tohaveshown

D.beingshown

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定用法。remaintobedone“待完成;待處理”為固定用法。句意:一些人對研究結(jié)果持謹慎態(tài)度,指出吸二手煙和癌癥之間的因果關(guān)系有待揭示。因此A選項符合題意。

11.單選題

Foralltheburgeoningpopularityofcorporatesocialresponsibility—theartof“doingwellbydoinggood”—itsbenefitsremainunproven.Itiswellandgoodtosaythataglobalizingcompanyneedstotakeaccountofsocialproblemsinitsnewmarkets,orthatsocialresponsibilitywillbeitsownreward,inhappieremployees,lowerlegalcostsandimprovedproductivity.Butatheart,formanycompanies,corporatesocialresponsibilityisstilljustamatterofbranding.LookatMcDonald’sandtheBodyShop,forexample.Theformerisstillatargetofconsumerderisionandlawsuitsdespiteitsintroductionofhealthierfood.TheenvironmentallyfriendlyreputationoftheBodyShop,ontheotherhand,haslongoutpaceditsactualinvestmentineco-friendlyprocesses.

“BuildingReputationalCapital”byKevinJackson,aprofessoroflegalandethicalstudiesatFordhamUniversityinNewYork,arguesthatcorporationsneedtobesociallyresponsibletobuildtheir“reputationalcapital”,whichissimilartobutbiggerthan,anybrandtheymightmarket.Acompanywithlotsofsuchcapitalwillbeabletoattractbetteremployees,chargehigherprices,negotiatebetterdeals,andattractmoreinvestors.

Buthowmuchcontroldoesafirmactuallyexerciseoveritsownreputation?TheexamplesMr.Jacksongivesarenotentirelyencouraging.Nike,afavoritetargetofactivistsforitstreatmentofsweatshopworkers,appearsseveraltimes;butMr.JacksondoesnotelaborateonwhetheradropinitsreputationalcapitalcostsNikeanysales.Mr.Jacksondoescitestudiesshowingapositivecorrelationbetweenacommitmenttoanethicalbehaviorandperformance.Buthisexamplesdonotmakeaspowerfulacaseforthenecessityofcorporatesocialresponsibilityashewouldlike.

Indeed,afirmthatembarksonaplanofcorporatesocialresponsibilitymaybesettingitselfupforaworse,notabetter,reputation.Mr.JacksoncitestheexampleofH.B.FullerCompany,anAmericanadhesivesmanufacturerthathadbuiltupreputationalcapitalbydeclaringitsintentiontobeagoodcorporatecitizenandmakingphilanthropicdonations.Butitwasblamedwhenoneofitsproducts,Resistol,becamethedrugofchoiceforglue-sniffingchildreninCentralAmerica.Othercompetitorswhosegluesweresniffed,henotes,gotlittlecriticism.Onecanseehowacompanywithastrongcommitmenttocorporatesocialresponsibilitymightelicitthesamechargesofhypocrisy—andsimilarcompaniesmightthendecidethatcorporatesocialresponsibilitymightbemoretroublethanitsworth.

Anyonewhohasalreadyembracedtheideaofasociallyresponsiblecorporationmightwellfindthisbookuseful;itprovidesadecentframeworkforimplementingandjustifyingasociallyresponsiblestrategy.Buttherearemanywho,likeTheEconomist,questionwhethercorporationsshouldbeinvestinginsocialinitiativesatthepossibleexpenseofprofit.“BuildingReputationalCapital,”whilewell-writtenandserious,willnotconvincethemotherwise.

1.McDonald’sandtheBodyShoparecitedinthefirstparagraphtoshowthat____.

2.ProfessorKevinJacksonholdsthat____.

3.TheauthorconsiderstheexamplescitedbyJackson____.

4.Itisimpliedinthefourthparagraphthat____.

5.Thebesttitleofthepassageis____.

問題1選項

A.afamousbrandisnoguaranteethatitsproductsareofhighquality

B.healthierproductsareonlyillusionswhentheyharmproductivity

C.manyfirmsarenotreallyseriousabouttheirsocialresponsibility

D.socialresponsibilityhasneverbeenaconcernofthesereputedcorporations

問題2選項

A.commitmenttosocialresponsibilityisarewardingpractice

B.manycompanieshavedonelittleindevelopingeco-friendlyproducts

C.buildingthereputationalcapitaldoesnotcontributetoariseinsales

D.theeffortsatsocialresponsibilityoftenturnouttobemadeinvain

問題3選項

A.admirable

B.encouraging

C.unconvincing

D.deplorable

問題4選項

A.makingvoluntarydonationsisoftennotappreciatedbythesociety

B.reputationinsocialresponsibilitycanwellbeadisadvantage

C.assumingmoresocialresponsibilitycanmakeafirmwell-known

D.profit,ratherthansocialresponsibility,shouldbeacompany’sgoal

問題5選項

A.TheGoalofGlobalizingCorporations

B.TheBurdenofSocialResponsibility

C.TheNecessityofCorporateSocialResponsibility

D.CorporateProductivityandProfit-making

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:【選項釋義】

McDonald’sandtheBodyShoparecitedinthefirstparagraphtoshowthat____.第一段引用了麥當勞和美體小鋪的例子來表明____。

A.afamousbrandisnoguaranteethatitsproductsareofhighqualityA.名牌不能保證它的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量好

B.healthierproductsareonlyillusionswhentheyharmproductivityB.當更健康的產(chǎn)品損害生產(chǎn)力時,它們只是一種假象

C.manyfirmsarenotreallyseriousabouttheirsocialresponsibilityC.許多公司并沒有認真對待它們的社會責任

D.socialresponsibilityhasneverbeenaconcernofthesereputedcorporationsD.社會責任從來不是這些知名企業(yè)關(guān)心的問題

【答案】C

【考查點】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞McDonald’sandtheBodyShop定位到原文第1段。本段第3句提到“但在本質(zhì)上,對許多公司來說,企業(yè)社會責任仍然只是一個品牌問題?!本o接著就引用了麥當勞和美體小鋪的例子。這兩個例子的內(nèi)容為“前者雖然推出了更健康的食品,但仍然是消費者嘲笑和訴訟的對象”、“另一方面,美體小鋪的環(huán)保聲譽已經(jīng)遠遠超過了它在環(huán)保工藝方面的實際投資?!庇纱丝芍髡哌@么做,是想說明許多公司并不是真的要承擔社會責任,它們只是想給自己的品牌打造良好的聲譽。C選項“許多公司并沒有認真對待它們的社會責任”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“名牌不能保證它的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量好”,原文這部分的話題是“社會責任”,該選項與本題無關(guān),屬于無中生有;

B選項“當更健康的產(chǎn)品損害生產(chǎn)力時,它們只是一種假象”,只是麥當勞的例子涉及的內(nèi)容,該選項屬于以偏概全,并且原文并沒有提到“損害生產(chǎn)力”的問題;

D選項“社會責任從來不是這些知名企業(yè)關(guān)心的問題”,原文并不是說知名企業(yè)完全不關(guān)心社會責任,該選項屬于推理過度。

第2題:【選項釋義】

ProfessorKevinJacksonholdsthat____.KevinJackson教授認為____。

A.commitmenttosocialresponsibilityisarewardingpracticeA.承擔社會責任是一種有益的實踐

B.manycompanieshavedonelittleindevelopingeco-friendlyproductsB.許多公司在開發(fā)環(huán)保產(chǎn)品方面做得很少

C.buildingthereputationalcapitaldoesnotcontributetoariseinsalesC.建立聲譽資本并不會增加銷售額

D.theeffortsatsocialresponsibilityoftenturnouttobemadeinvainD.社會責任的努力往往是徒勞的

【答案】A

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞ProfessorKevinJackson定位到原文第2段。本段第1句提到KevinJackson教授在《建立聲譽資本》指出“企業(yè)需要對社會負責(needtobesociallyresponsible),以建立自己的‘聲譽資本(reputationalcapital)’?!弊詈笠痪涮岬健皳碛写罅看祟愘Y金的(withlotsofsuchcapital)公司將能夠吸引更好的(better)員工,收取更高的(higher)價格,達成更好的(better)交易,并吸引更多的(more)投資者。”由此可知,KevinJackson教授認為企業(yè)承擔社會責任以建立聲譽資本,這些資本能給企業(yè)帶來很多好處,A選項“承擔社會責任是一種有益的實踐”符合原文內(nèi)容。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“許多公司在開發(fā)環(huán)保產(chǎn)品方面做得很少”,原文并未提及,該選項屬于無中生有;

C選項“建立聲譽資本并不會增加銷售額”,與原文“收取更高的(higher)價格,達成更好的(better)交易”矛盾,該選項屬于曲解原文;

D選項“社會責任的努力往往是徒勞的”,與原文提到的很多好處相矛盾,該教授認為承擔社會責任并不是徒勞的,該選項屬于反向干擾。

第3題:【選項釋義】

TheauthorconsiderstheexamplescitedbyJackson____.作者認為Jackson引用的例子____。

A.admirableA.令人欽佩的

B.encouragingB.鼓舞人心的

C.unconvincingC.令人懷疑的

D.deplorableD.令人憤慨的

【答案】C

【考查點】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theexamplescitedbyJackson定位到原文第3段第2句,該句提到“Jackson給出的例子并不完全令人鼓舞(notentirelyencouraging)。”本段最后一句提到“但他的例子并沒有(donot)像他希望的那樣有力地證明企業(yè)社會責任的必要性?!庇纱丝芍?,作者認為Jackson引用的例子缺乏說服力,C選項“令人懷疑的”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“令人欽佩的”,不符合原文,屬于無中生有;

B選項“鼓舞人心的”,與原文“并不完全令人鼓舞(notentirelyencouraging)”矛盾,屬于反向干擾;

D選項“令人憤慨的”,不符合原文,屬于無中生有。

第4題:【選項釋義】

Itisimpliedinthefourthparagraphthat____.第四段暗示____。

A.makingvoluntarydonationsisoftennotappreciatedbythesocietyA.自愿捐贈往往不受社會的歡迎

B.reputationinsocialresponsibilitycanwellbeadisadvantageB.在社會責任方面的聲譽很可能是一種劣勢

C.assumingmoresocialresponsibilitycanmakeafirmwell-knownC.承擔更多的社會責任可以讓一個公司出名

D.profit,ratherthansocialresponsibility,shouldbeacompany’sgoalD.公司的目標應(yīng)該是利潤,而不是社會責任

【答案】B

【考查點】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thefourthparagraph定位到原文第4段。本段的行文結(jié)構(gòu)為“總分總”。本段第1句提到“事實上,如果一家公司開始實施企業(yè)社會責任的計劃,它的聲譽可能會變得更糟,而不是更好(aworse,notabetter,reputation)。”最后一句提到“一家堅定致力于企業(yè)社會責任的公司可能會招致同樣的偽善指責(chargesofhypocrisy),類似的公司可能會認為,企業(yè)社會責任帶來的麻煩(moretrouble)可能大于它的價值?!庇纱丝芍?,第4段暗示的是承擔社會責任也可能使聲譽變差,甚至帶來麻煩,B選項“在社會責任方面的聲譽很可能是一種劣勢”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“自愿捐贈往往不受社會的歡迎”,原文并未提及,該選項屬于無中生有;

C選項“承擔更多的社會責任可以讓一個公司出名”,與原文“它的聲譽可能會變得更糟,而不是更好(aworse,notabetter,reputation)”矛盾,該選項屬于曲解原文;

D選項“公司的目標應(yīng)該是利潤,而不是社會責任”,原文并未提及,該選項屬于無中生有。

第5題:【選項釋義】

Thebesttitleofthepassageis____.本文最佳的標題是____。

A.TheGoalofGlobalizingCorporationsA.企業(yè)全球化的目標

B.TheBurdenofSocialResponsibilityB.社會責任的負擔

C.TheNecessityofCorporateSocialResponsibilityC.企業(yè)社會責任的必要性

D.CorporateProductivityandProfit-makingD.企業(yè)生產(chǎn)力和利潤

【答案】C

【考查點】主旨大意題

【解題思路】

1)梳理各段核心句:

第一段:本段第1句,該句提到“盡管企業(yè)社會責任(corporatesocialresponsibility)迅速流行起來,但它的好處尚未得到證實(itsbenefitsremainunproven)?!笨傤I(lǐng)全文,引出關(guān)于企業(yè)的社會責任的話題。

第二段:本段第1句,該句提到“Jackson教授在《建立聲譽資本》提出企業(yè)需要承擔社會責任(besociallyresponsible)以建立自己的‘聲譽資本’(buildtheir‘reputationalcapital’)?!币肑ackson教授的例子,點明企業(yè)承擔社會責任的好處。

第三段:本段最后一句,該句提到作者認為Jackson教授的例子“并沒有(donot)像他希望的那樣有力地證明企業(yè)社會責任的必要性(thenecessityofcorporatesocialresponsibility)?!狈治鯦ackson教授的例子,引出關(guān)于企業(yè)承擔社會責任是否有必要的思考。

第四段:本段第1句,該句提到“事實上,如果一家公司開始實施企業(yè)社會責任(corporatesocialresponsibility)的計劃,它的聲譽可能會變得更糟,而不是更好(aworse,notabetter,reputation)?!秉c明企業(yè)承擔社會責任的劣勢。

第五段:本段第2-3句,這兩句提到“但也有許多人質(zhì)疑企業(yè)是否應(yīng)該以可能的利潤為代價投資于社會倡議(investinginsocialinitiatives),《建立聲譽資本》這本書雖然寫得很好,也很嚴肅,但并不會讓他們信服。”指出人們對企業(yè)是否應(yīng)該承擔社會責任存在質(zhì)疑。

2)提煉復現(xiàn)詞:Corporatesocialresponsibility/besociallyresponsible

綜上所述,本文的最佳標題是C選項“企業(yè)社會責任的必要性”。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“企業(yè)全球化的目標”,沒有指出本文話題“企業(yè)的社會責任”;

B選項“社會責任的負擔”,“負擔”是劣勢的一方面,只是本文3-4段的內(nèi)容,該選項屬于以偏概全;

D選項“企業(yè)生產(chǎn)力和利潤”,沒有指出本文話題“企業(yè)的社會責任”。

12.單選題

()theoldprofessorisstillworkinghardinhislabdayandnight.

問題1選項

A.Asoldheis

B.Oldasheis

C.Howeverheisold

D.Thougholdishe

【答案】B

【解析】考查讓步狀語從句。However引導讓步狀語從句置于句首時需要倒裝,Though引導讓步狀語從句置于句首時不需要倒裝,由此可首先排除選項C和選項D;as引導讓步狀語從句置于句首時,需將表語或狀語提前構(gòu)成倒裝。所以選項B正確。

13.單選題

Itwasatypeofurbanstorythatcontinuesto()bigcitydwellersforwardeachday,ataleofhardworkandself-startinginitiative,oftakingmattersintoone’sownhandstomakedreamscometrue.

問題1選項

A.penetrate

B.propel

C.baffle

D.harness

【答案】B

【解析】句意:這是一種推動著都市人不斷向前的都市故事,講述的是努力工作、自我奮斗來實現(xiàn)夢想的故事。

考查動詞辨析。penetrate滲透;穿過;propel推進,驅(qū)使;baffle困惑,難住;harness治理,駕馭。這里的選項既要符合句意,又要與后面的forward構(gòu)成搭配,故選B項。propelsb.forward表示“推動某人向前”。

14.單選題

Thelampwouldnotworkbecauseofa(

)intheswitch.

問題1選項

A.defect

B.blot

C.foul

D.shortcoming

【答案】A

【解析】句意:由于開關(guān)有問題,所以臺燈不亮。

考查名詞辨析。Defect缺陷,不足;blot污點;foul犯規(guī);shortcoming缺點,短處,多形容人。故A符合句意。

15.單選題

What()didtheyemploywhentheyselectedthispictureastheprize-winner?

問題1選項

A.criterion

B.regulation

C.condition

D.testimony

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:為了完成研究項目,教授給了

簡介。explicit詳盡的,詳述的;formidable可怕的,難以對付的;afflictive令人痛苦的,苦惱的;dominant支配的,顯性的。因此,A項符合句意。

16.單選題

Ihearmanyparentscomplainingthattheirteenagechildrenarerebelling.Iwishitwereso.Atyourageyououghttobegrowingawayfromyourparents.Youshouldbelearningtostandonyourowntwofeet.Buttakeagoodlookatthepresentrebellion.Itseemsthatteenagersarealltakingthesamewayofshowingthattheydisagreewiththeirparents.Insteadofstrikingoutboldlyontheirown,mostofthemareclutchingatoneanother’shandsforreassurance.

Theyclaimtheywanttodressastheyplease.Buttheyallwearthesameclothes.Theysetoffinnewdirectionsinmusic.Butsomehowtheyallenduphuddledroundlisteningtothesamerecord.Theirreasonforthinkingoractinginthus-and-suchawayisthatt

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