考研考博-英語-北海藝術(shù)設(shè)計學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北海藝術(shù)設(shè)計學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Itisunfairto（

）fromthesetwoincidentsandsaythatallyoungmenarerecklessdrivers.

問題1選項

A.deduce

B.generalize

C.minimize

D.transfer

【答案】A

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。deduce“推論”；generalize“概括，推廣”；minimize“使減到最少；最小化”；transfer“轉(zhuǎn)讓，轉(zhuǎn)接”。句意：從這兩件事來推斷是不公平的，說所有的年輕人都是莽撞的司機(jī)。選項A符合題意。

2.單選題

Itwassuggestedthatthisnaughtyboy（

）.

問題1選項

A.winbescolded

B.hadbeenscolded

C.couldbescolded

D.bescolded

【答案】D

【解析】句意:有人建議對這個調(diào)皮的男孩兒進(jìn)行批評。

語法題?？疾樘厥馓摂M語氣。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息Itwassuggestedthat可知that引導(dǎo)的主語從句要用虛擬語氣:should+動詞原形(should可省略)。動詞scold和主語naughtyboy之間是被動關(guān)系。故選D。

3.單選題

Thefinalrecommendationwasthattheemployeeonprobation（

）aspecialnightclassforonesemester.

問題1選項

A.attend

B.hasattended

C.attends

D.attended

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。表示“建議、要求、命令”等意思的詞相關(guān)的從句謂語部分要用should+動詞原形，should可以省略，因此選A。

句意：最終的建議是試用期雇員一個學(xué)期參見一次特殊夜校學(xué)習(xí)。

4.單選題

Behindthe[A]aluminum’sversatility[B]liespropertiessodiversethat[C]theyalmostseemtobelongtoseveraldifferent[D]metals.

問題1選項

A.aluminum’s

B.lies

C.they

D.metals

【答案】B

【解析】【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】主謂一致。

【解題思路】該句是介詞短語做狀語置于句首引起句子倒裝。主語為properties，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，因此，應(yīng)將B選項改為lie。

【句意】在鋁的多功能性背后，是各種各樣的特性，它們幾乎像是屬于幾種不同的金屬。

5.翻譯題

從一定角度上看，教育的目的實質(zhì)上就是通過生存知識的獲得和生存能力的提高而使受教育者為未來的生活做好準(zhǔn)備；而社會教育就是通過社會方式來實現(xiàn)這一目的。對于任何人來說，生活可以有兩個目標(biāo)：一是達(dá)到或維持基本的生存水平，二是提高到更高層次。為達(dá)到這兩個目標(biāo)——其實生活中它們是融合在一起的，一般不會有人把兩者割裂開來——任何時代、任何區(qū)域和社會階層都會對作為社會成員生活在這一時空與社會交叉點(diǎn)上的人有一個基本或起碼的知識和能力客觀要求。

【答案】Fromacertainpointofview,thepurposeofeducationistomaketheeducatedprepareforthefuturelifethroughtheacquisitionofsurvivalknowledgeandtheimprovementofsurvivalability.Socialeducationistoachievethisgoalthroughsocialmeans.Foranyone,lifecanhavetwogoals.Oneistoachieveormaintainabasiclevelofsurvival,andtheotheristoimprovetoahigherlevel.Inordertoachievethesetwogoals—infact,theyareintegratedinlife,andgenerallynoonewillcutthemapart—anyera,anyregionandsocialclasswillhaveabasicorminimumobjectiverequirementofknowledgeandabilityforpeoplelivingattheintersectionoftime,spaceandsocietyasmembersofthesociety.

6.單選題

Thepurposeofa（

）istocutdownimportsinordertoprotectdomesticindustryfromforeigncompetition.

問題1選項

A.tax

B.tariff

C.fee

D.toll

【答案】B

【解析】句意:征收關(guān)稅的目的在于削減進(jìn)口，從而保護(hù)國內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)免受國際競爭。

名詞辨析。Tax征稅，出租車;tariff關(guān)稅,收費(fèi)表;fee費(fèi)用，酬金;toll征稅,代價。根據(jù)后半句意推測B項正確。

7.單選題

Inapurelybiologicalsense,fearbeginswiththebody’ssystemforreactingtothingsthatcanharmus—theso-calledfight-or-flightresponse.“Ananimalthatcan’tdetectdangercan’tstayalive,”saysJosephLeDoux.Likeanimals,humansevolvedwithanelaboratemechanismforprocessinginformationaboutpotentialthreats.Atitscoreisaclusterofneurons(神經(jīng)元)deepinthebrainknownastheamygdale(扁桃核).

LeDouxstudiesthewayanimalsandhumansrespondtothreatstounderstandhowweformmemoriesofsignificanteventsinourlives.Theamygdalareceivesinputfrommanypartsofthebrain,includingregionsresponsibleforretrievingmemories.Usingthisinformation,theamygdalaappraisesasituation—Ithinkthischargingdogwantstobiteme—andtriggersaresponsebyradiatingnervesignalsthroughoutthebody.Thesesignalsproducethefamiliarsignsofdistress:trembling,perspirationandfast-movingfeet,justtonamethree.

Thisfearmechanismiscriticaltothesurvivalofallanimals,butnoonecansayforsurewhetherbeastsotherthanhumansknowthey’reafraid.Thatis,asLeDouxsays,“Ifyouputthatsystemintoabrainthathasconsciousness,thenyougetthefeelingoffear.”

Humans,saysEdwardM.Hallowell,havetheabilitytocallupimagesofbadthingsthathappenedinthepastandtoanticipatefutureevents.Combinethesehigherthoughtprocesseswithourhardwireddanger-detectionsystems,andyougetanear-universalhumanphenomenon:worry.

That’snotnecessarilyabadthing,saysHallowell.“Whenusedproperly,worryisanincredibledevice,”hesays.Afterall,alittlehealthyworryingisokayifitleadstoconstructiveaction—likehavingadoctorlookatthatweirdspotonyourback.

Hallowellinsists,though,thatthere’sarightwaytoworry.“Neverdoitalone,getthefactsandthenmakeaplan,”hesays.Mostofushavesurvivedarecession,sowe’refamiliarwiththebelt-tighteningstrategiesneededtosurviveaslump.

Unfortunately,fewofushavemuchexperiencedealingwiththethreatofterrorism,soit’sbeendifficulttogetfactsabouthowweshouldrespond.That’swhyHallowellbelievesitwasokayforpeopletoindulgesomeextremeworrieslastfallbyaskingdoctorsforCipro(抗炭疽菌的藥物)andbuyinggasmasks.

1.The“so-calledfight-or-flightresponse”refersto______.

2.FromthestudiesconductedbyLeDouxwelearnthat______.

3.Fromthepassageweknowthat______.

4.WhichofthefollowingisthebestwaytodealwithyourworriesaccordingtoHallowell?

5.InHallowell’sview,people’sreactiontotheterroristthreatlastfallwas______.

問題1選項

A.thebiologicalprocessinwhichhumanbeings’senseofself-defenseevolves

B.theinstinctivefearhumanbeingsfeelwhenfacedwithpotentialdanger

C.theactofevaluatingadangeroussituationandmakingaquickdecision

D.theelaboratemechanisminthehumanbrainforretrievinginformation

問題2選項

A.reactionsofhumansandanimalstodangeroussituationsareoftenunpredictable

B.memoriesofsignificanteventsenablepeopletocontrolfearanddistress

C.people’sunpleasantmemoriesarederivedfromtheirfeelingsoffear

D.theamygdalaplaysavitalpartinhumanandanimalresponsestopotentialdanger

問題3選項

A.alittleworrywilldousgoodifhandledproperly

B.alittleworrywillenableustosurvivearecession

C.fearstrengthensthehumandesiretosurvivedanger

D.fearhelpspeopletoanticipatecertainfutureevents

問題4選項

A.Askforhelpfromthepeoplearoundyou.

B.Usethebelt-tighteningstrategiesforsurvival.

C.Seekprofessionaladviceandtakeaction.

D.Understandthesituationandbefullyprepared.

問題5選項

A.ridiculous

B.understandable

C.over-cautious

D.sensible

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.語義推測題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第一句Inapurelybiologicalsense,fearbeginswiththebody’ssystemforreactingtothingsthatcanharmus—theso-calledfight-or-flightresponse.（從純粹的生物學(xué)意義上講，恐懼始于身體系統(tǒng)對可能傷害我們的事物做出的反應(yīng)——即所謂的“戰(zhàn)斗或逃跑反應(yīng)”。），說明“so-calledfight-or-flightresponse”在文中是指“身體系統(tǒng)對可能傷害我們的事情做出戰(zhàn)斗或逃跑的反應(yīng)”。因此C選項“評估危險情況并做出快速抉擇行為”正確。A選項“人類自我防衛(wèi)感演化的生理過程”，B選項“人類面臨潛在的危險時本能的恐懼”，D選項“大腦提取信息的精細(xì)機(jī)制”均不符合題意，所以A,B,D錯誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第一句LeDouxstudiesthewayanimalsandhumansrespondtothreatstounderstandhowweformmemoriesofsignificanteventsinourlives.（勒杜研究動物和人類對威脅的反應(yīng)方式，以了解我們是如何形成對生活中重大事件的記憶的。），說明了勒杜研究的內(nèi)容和目的，接著文章介紹了扁桃核的工作機(jī)制。因此D選項“扁桃核在人類和動物對潛在危險的反應(yīng)中起著重要作用”正確。A選項“人類和動物對危險情況的反應(yīng)往往是不可預(yù)測的”在文中沒有提及，所以A錯誤。B選項“記憶使人能控制恐懼”不是勒杜的研究內(nèi)容，所以B錯誤。C選項“不愉快的記憶來自恐懼”，由原文可知，是恐懼來自于記憶，所以C錯誤。

3.推理判斷題。由A選項關(guān)鍵詞“worry”可以定位到文章第五段第二句Whenusedproperly,worryisanincredibledevice（應(yīng)用得當(dāng)?shù)脑捊箲]是一種極好的手段），說明在應(yīng)用得當(dāng)?shù)那闆r下，焦慮也是有好處的。因此A選項“如果處理得當(dāng)，一點(diǎn)焦慮對我們有好處”正確。B選項“一點(diǎn)焦慮會使我們在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退中生存下來”，由原文Mostofushavesurvivedarecession,sowe’refamiliarwiththebelt-tighteningstrategiesneededtosurviveaslump.（我們大多數(shù)人都經(jīng)歷過經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，所以我們都熟悉在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退中需要的勒緊褲腰帶的策略。）可知，是“勒緊褲腰帶”策略有助于幫助我們度過經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，而不是焦慮，所以B錯誤。C選項“恐懼加強(qiáng)了人類在危險中生存的欲望”在文中沒有提及，所以C錯誤。D選項“恐懼有助于人們預(yù)知未來的某些事件”，由原文可知，人類能回憶起過去壞事的形象、預(yù)測未來事件，但這與恐懼無關(guān)，所以D錯誤。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第六段第二句Neverdoitalone,getthefactsandthenmakeaplan（不要光是焦慮，要了解事實，然后制定計劃），說明哈洛韋爾認(rèn)為處理焦慮的最好方式是千萬別光是焦慮，要尋求有關(guān)事實然后做出計劃。因此D選項“了解情況，做好充分準(zhǔn)備”正確。A選項“向你周圍的人尋求幫助”，B選項“使用勒緊褲腰帶的生存策略”，C選項“尋求專業(yè)建議并采取行動”均不符合題意，所以A,B,C錯誤。

5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段Unfortunately,fewofushavemuchexperiencedealingwiththethreatofterrorism,soit’sbeendifficulttogetfactsabouthowweshouldrespond.That’swhyHallowellbelievesitwasokayforpeopletoindulgesomeextremeworries（不幸的是，我們中很少有人有應(yīng)對恐怖主義威脅的經(jīng)驗，所以很難知道我們應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)對。這就是為什么哈洛韋爾認(rèn)為，人們可以放縱一些極端的焦慮），說明哈洛韋爾認(rèn)為大多數(shù)人未曾經(jīng)歷過恐怖威脅，所以感受到這種威脅時人們產(chǎn)生一些過度的焦慮是正常的。所以B選項“可以理解的”正確。A選項“荒謬的”，C選項“過于謹(jǐn)慎的”帶有貶義色彩，不符合哈洛韋爾的意思，所以A,C錯誤。D選項“理智的”，哈洛韋爾把人們的反應(yīng)稱為“極端”反應(yīng)，自然不是理智的，所以D錯誤。

8.單選題

Asyoucantellfromhowanimatedheis.Charlesisnottiredenoughtogotobedyet.Hewouldn’tsleepifhegoestobednow.

問題1選項

A.Asyoucan

B.howanimatedheis

C.tiredenough

D.hegoestobed

E.沒有問題

【答案】D

【解析】時態(tài)錯誤。hegoestobed改為weretogotobed,主句和從句部分都是表示與將來事實相反，主句用would/could+動詞原形，從句用wereto/should+動詞原形。

9.單選題

Thecloseronecangettoreality,theeasierthelearningbythestudent,（

）

thatthenecessaryknowledgehasbeengivenpreviouslytofacilitatecomprehension.

問題1選項

A.so

B.despite

C.such

D.provided

【答案】D

【解析】考察連詞辨析。so因此，despite盡管，such如此；providedthat“如果，假設(shè)”;句意：如果先前已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了能夠幫助理解的必要知識，那么距離現(xiàn)實越近，學(xué)習(xí)就會越容易。選項D符合句意。

10.單選題

Let'stestthetemperatureofabasinofwaterwithbothhands（）togetherinthewater.

問題1選項

A.placing

B.place

C.beingplaced

D.placed

【答案】D

【解析】句意:讓我們把兩只手一起放水中，以測試水溫。

語法題?？疾闀r態(tài)語態(tài)。此處hands和place之間是被動關(guān)系，因此用過去分詞。故D正確。

11.單選題

Educationisoneofthekeywordsofourtime.Aman,withoutaneducation,manyofusbelieve,isanunfortunatevictimofadversecircumstancesdeprivedofoneofthegreatesttwentieth-centuryopportunities.Convincedoftheimportanceofeducation,modernstates“invest”ininstitutionsoflearningtogetback“interest”intheformofalargegroupofenlightenedyoungmenandwomenwhoarepotentialleaders.Education,withitscyclesofinstructionsocarefullyworkedout,ispunctuatedbytextbooks—thosepurchasablewellsofwisdom—whatwouldcivilizationbelikewithoutitsbenefits?

Somuchiscertain:thatwewouldhavedoctorsandpreachers,lawyersanddefendants,marriagesandbirths;butourspiritualoutlookwouldbedifferent.Wewouldlaylessstresson“factsandfigures”andmoreonagoodmemory,onappliedpsychology,andonthecapacityofamantogetalongwithhisfellow-citizens.Ifoureducationalsystemwerefashionedafteritsbooklesspastwewouldhavethemostdemocraticformof“college”imaginable.Amongthepeoplewhomweliketocallsavagesallknowledgeinheritedbytraditionissharedbyall;itistaughttoeverymemberofthetribesothatinthisrespecteverybodyisequallyequippedforlife.

Itistheidealconditionofthe“equalstart”whichonlyourmostprogressiveformsofmoderneducationtrytoregain.Inprimitiveculturestheobligationtoseekandtoreceivethetraditionalinstructionisbindingtoall.Thereareno“illiterates”一ifthetermcanbeappliedtopeoplewithoutascript—whileourowncompulsoryschoolattendancebecamelawinGermanyin1642,inFrancein1806,andinEngland1876,andisstillnon-existentinanumberof“civilized”nations.Thisshowshowlongitwasbeforewedeemeditnecessarytomakesurethatallourchildrencouldshareintheknowledgeaccumulatedbythe“happyfew”duringthepastcenturies.

Educationinthewildernessisnotamatterofmonetarymeans.Allareentitledtoanequalstart.Thereisnoneofthehurrywhich,inoursociety,oftenhampersthefulldevelopmentofagrowingpersonality.There,achildgrowsupundertheever-presentattentionofhisparents,thereforethejunglesandthegrasslandsknowofno“juveniledelinquency”.Nonecessityofmakingalivingawayfromhomeresultsinneglectofchildrenandnofatherisconfrontedwithhisinabilityto“buy”aneducationforhischild.

1.Theword“interest”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorseemstobe（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Thebesttitleforthispassageis（

）.

問題1選項

A.pleasure

B.returns

C.share

D.knowledge

問題2選項

A.againsttheeducationintheveryearlyhistorictimes

B.infavoroftheeducationalpracticeinprimitivecultures

C.quitehappytoseeanequalstartforeveryone

D.positiveaboutourpresenteducationalinstruction

問題3選項

A.theaimof“equalstart”hasalreadybeenreachedamongsavages

B.savagesinancienttimesaremorecivilizedthanmodernpeople

C.themoderneducationsystemismoredemocraticthanbefore

D.therearenoilliteratesincivilizednationsintoday’ssociety

問題4選項

A.Educationcan’tworkwithoutthebenefitsoftextbooks.

B.Wehavenotyetdecidedonoureducationalmodels.

C.Compulsoryschoolingisnotexistentinallnations.

D.Ourspiritualoutlookisbetternowthanbefore.

問題5選項

A.EducationandModernCivilization

B.TheSignificanceofModernEducation

C.EducationalInvestmentandtheProfitItBrings

D.Education:AComparisonbetweenPastandPresent

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)原文句意：由于深信教育的重要性，現(xiàn)代國家“投資”于學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)構(gòu)，培養(yǎng)一大批開明的，有可能成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的青年男女，以此來獲得“回報”?！癷nvest”和“interest”相對應(yīng)，所以選項B正確。

2.根據(jù)第三段第一句“Itistheidealconditionofthe“equalstart”whichonlyourmostprogressiveformsofmoderneducationtrytoregain.”這是“平等起步”的理想狀態(tài)，只有我們最先進(jìn)的現(xiàn)代教育形式才試圖恢復(fù)這種理想狀態(tài)。由此可以推斷，作者似乎贊同原始文化中的平等教育傳統(tǒng)，所以選項B符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第二段的最后兩句，在我們喜歡稱之為野蠻人的人群中，所有由傳統(tǒng)繼承的知識都為所有人所共享;它被教導(dǎo)給部落的每一個成員，因此在這方面，每個人都是平等地為生活做好準(zhǔn)備。由此可知，野蠻人已經(jīng)達(dá)到了“平等起步”的目標(biāo)，所以選項A正確。

4.根據(jù)第三段“...ourowncompulsoryschoolattendancebecamelawinGermanyin1642,inFrancein1806,andinEngland1876,andisstillnon-existentinanumberof“civilized”nations.”德國于1642年將義務(wù)教育列入法律條文，法國在1806年，英國是在1876年，但是在一些“文明”國家仍然不存在。由此可知，并非所有的國家都有義務(wù)教育，選項C符合原文。

5.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要將過去的教育和現(xiàn)代的教育進(jìn)行對比，指出現(xiàn)代教育的不足之處，選項D最能概括全文，所以正確。

12.單選題

Warmaybeanaturalexpressionofbiologicalinstinctanddrivestowardaggressioninthehumanspecies.Naturalimpulsesofanger,hostility,andterritorialityareexpressedthroughactsofviolence.Theseareallqualitiesthathumanssharewithanimals.Aggressionisakindofinnatesurvivalmechanism,aninstinctforself-preservation,thatallowsanimalstodefendthemselvesfromthreatstotheirexistence.But,notheotherhand,humanviolenceshowsevidenceofbeingalearnedbehavior.Inthecaseofhumanaggression,violencecannotbesimplyreducedtoaninstinct.Themanyexpressionsofhumanviolencearealwaysconditionedbysocialconventionsthatgiveshapetoaggressivebehavior.Inhumansocietiesviolencehasasocialfunction.Itisastrategyforcreatingordestroyingformsofsocialorder.Religioustraditionshavetakenaleadingroleindirectingthepowersofviolence.Wewilllookattheritualandethical(道德上的)patternswithinwhichhumanviolencehasbeendirected.

Theviolencewithinasocietyiscontrolledthroughinstitutionsoflaw.Themoredevelopedalegalsystembecomes,themoreresponsibilitysocietytakesforthediscovery,control,andpunishmentofviolentacts.Inmosttribalsocietiestheonlymeanstodealwithanactofviolenceisrevenge.Eachfamilygroupmayhavetheresponsibilityforpersonallycarryingoutjudgmentandpunishmentuponthepersonwhocommittedtheoffense.Butinlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomesdepersonalizedanddiffuses.Thesocietyassumestheresponsibilityforprotectingindividualsfromviolence.Incaseswheretheycannotbeprotected,thesocietyisresponsibleforimposingpunishment.Inastatecontrolledlegalsystem,individualsareremovedfromthecycleofrevengemotivatedbyactsofviolence,andthestateassumesresponsibilityfortheirprotection.

Theothersideofastatelegalapparatusisastatemilitaryapparatus.Whiletheoneprotectstheindividualfromviolence,theothersacrificestheindividualtoviolenceintheinterestsofthestate.Inwarthestateaffirmssupremepowerovertheindividualswithinitsownborders.Warisnotsimplyatrialbycombattosettledisputesbetweenstates;itisthemomentwhenthestatemakesitsmostpowerfuldemandsuponitspeoplefortheircommitment,allegiance,andsupremesacrifice.Timesofwartestacommunity’sdeepestreligiousandethicalcommitments.

1.Humanviolenceshowsevidenceofbeingalearnedbehaviorinthat（）.

2.Thefunctionoflegalsystems,accordingtothepassageis（）.

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“...inlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomesdepersonalizedanddiffused”(Lines5-6,Para2)?

4.Theworld“allegiance”(Line5,Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.itthreatenstheexistingsocialsystems

B.itisinfluencedbysociety

C.ithasrootsinreligiousconflicts

D.itisdirectedagainstinstitutionsoflaw

問題2選項

A.tocontrolviolencewithinasociety

B.toprotecttheworldfromchaos

C.tofreesocietyfromtheideaofrevenge

D.togivethegovernmentabsolutepower.

問題3選項

A.Legalsystemsgreatlyreducethepossibilitiesofphysicalviolence.

B.Offensesagainstindividualsarenolongerjudgedonapersonalbasis.

C.Victimsofviolencefonditmoredifficulttotakerevenge.

D.Punishmentisnotdriedoutdirectlybytheindividualsinvolved.

問題4選項

A.loyalty

B.objective

C.survival

D.motive

問題5選項

A.Governmentstendtoabusetheirsupremepowerintimesofwar.

B.Intimesofwar,governmentsmayextendtheirpoweracrossnationalborders.

C.Intimesofwar,governmentsimposehighreligiousandethicalstandardsontheirpeople.

D.Governmentsmaysacrificeindividualsintheinterestsofthestateintimesofwar

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段“Themanyexpressionsofhumanviolencearealwaysconditionedbysocialconventionsthatgiveshapetoaggressivebehavior.”人類暴力的許多表現(xiàn)總是由影響進(jìn)攻行為的社會習(xí)俗所決定的。由此可得知，人類的暴力會受社會影響，選項B正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Theviolencewithinasocietyiscontrolledthroughinstitutionsoflaw.”社會中的暴力是通過法律制度來控制的。選項A符合原文。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Inastatecontrolledlegalsystem,individualsareremovedfromthecycleofrevengemotivatedbyactsofviolence,andthestateassumesresponsibilityfortheirprotection.”在國家控制的法律制度中，個人被排除在暴力行為引起的報復(fù)循環(huán)之外，國家承擔(dān)保護(hù)他們的責(zé)任。也就是說懲罰不再是由相關(guān)個人直接處理的。選項D符合原文。選項A在文中沒有提及。

4.詞匯題。根據(jù)可知“allegiance”應(yīng)與“commitment”“supremesacrifice”意思相近，再根據(jù)句意可知，選項A更符合原文語境。句意：這是國家向人民提出最強(qiáng)有力的要求，要求他們作出承諾、忠誠和最大的犧牲的時刻。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Whiletheoneprotectstheindividualfromviolence,theothersacrificestheindividualtoviolenceintheinterestsofthestate.”一方面（國家）保護(hù)個人不受暴力侵害，另一方面又為了國家的利益使個人犧牲在暴力之下。選項D符合原文。

13.單選題

AlthoughIhadbeeninvitedtotheopeningceremony,Iwasunabletoattend________suchshortnotice.

問題1選項

A.to

B.in

C.with

D.on

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：盡管我被邀請去參加了開幕式，但是我沒能夠參加。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞suchshortnotice，結(jié)合選項可知考查點(diǎn)是固定搭配——onsuchshortnotice“剛約就要見（沒有給對方充裕的時間）”，所以答案選D。attendto是“照顧，處理”的意思，代入句子中間不符合邏輯。

14.單選題

Theystoodgazingatthehappy（）ofchildrenplayinginthepark.

問題1選項

A.perspective

B.view

C.landscape

D.scene

【答案】D

【解析】名詞近義詞辨析。句意：他們站在那兒，凝視著在公園里玩耍的孩子們的快樂場景。perspective遠(yuǎn)景，透視圖；view視野，風(fēng)景；landscape風(fēng)景，風(fēng)景畫；scene特定地點(diǎn)的景色，場景。D項在表示場景時，場景中通常包括了其中的人物及其活動，所以本題選D。

15.單選題

AmongtheastronomersofancientGreece,twotheories（）concerningtheplaceoftheearthintheuniverse.

問題1選項

A.developing

B.indevelopment

C.developed

D.whichtheydeveloped

【答案】C

【解析】語法題?？疾橹^語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子主語為twotheories（兩種理論），空格后面的“concerning”為動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞做后置定語，因此空格處應(yīng)填入一個謂語動詞，四個選項中，只有C項可做謂語。句意：古希臘的天文學(xué)家創(chuàng)立了兩種關(guān)于地球在宇宙中的位置的理論。

16.單選題

Becauseoffather’spoorcircumstances,myuncle（）myeducation.

問題1選項

A.finances

B.maintains

C.supplies

D.affords

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項finances“負(fù)擔(dān)經(jīng)費(fèi)，供給……經(jīng)費(fèi)”；B選項maintains“維持，保持”；C選項supplies“供應(yīng)，提供”；D選項affords“買得起，提供”。句意：由于父親的貧苦處境，我叔叔（）了我的教育?？梢钥闯鲆驗楦赣H的條件不好，所以是叔叔“資助了我的學(xué)習(xí)”，因此A選項符合題意。

17.單選題

InthefaceofanuncooperativeCongress,theChiefExecutivemayfindhimself（

）toaccomplishthepoliticalprogramtowhichheiscommitted.

問題1選項

A.neutral

B.impotent

C.impudent

D.pious

【答案】B

【解析】neutral中立的；impotent無力的，無效的；impudent魯莽的，無禮的；pious虔誠的，盡責(zé)的。句意：面對不合作的國會，行政長官可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己無力完成他所承諾的政治計劃。選項B符合句意。

18.單選題

TheRomans（

）alargepartofEuropeandtheMiddleFast.

問題1選項

A.submitted

B.subdued

C.oppressed

D.predominated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。submit意為“順從，服從”；subdue意為“征服”；oppress意為“折磨，壓迫”；predominate意為“占優(yōu)勢，占主導(dǎo)地位”。

句意：羅馬人征服了歐洲大部分地區(qū)以及中東地區(qū)。

19.單選題

I’mpleasedtohearofyourjoboffer——allthathardworkatschoolhasobviously（

）.

問題1選項

A.paidoff

B.takenitstoll

C.madeadifference

D.shownup

【答案】A

【解析】詞組辨析題。payoff付清，取得成功；takeitstoll造成損失，造成傷亡；makeadifference有影響，有關(guān)系；showup出現(xiàn)，揭露。

句意：我很高興的聽說你找到了工作，在學(xué)校里一切的努力顯然都得到了回報。只有選項A符合語境。

20.單選題

Professionalarchivistsandlibrarianshavetheresourcestoduplicatematerialsinotherformatsandtheexpertisetoretrievematerialstrappedin（

）computers.

問題1選項

A.abstract

B.obsolete

C.obstinate

D.obese

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項abstract“抽象的，理論上的”；B選項obsolete“淘汰的，廢棄的，過時的”；C選項obstinate“固執(zhí)的，頑固的，棘手的”；D選項obese“臃腫的，虛胖的，病態(tài)肥胖的”。原句表示“專業(yè)檔案管理員和圖書管理員有方法以其它格式復(fù)制資料，并有專門技能挽回困在_____計算機(jī)中的資料”，因此B選項符合語境。句意：專業(yè)檔案管理員和圖書管理員有方法以其它格式復(fù)制資料，并有專門技能挽回困在廢棄計算機(jī)中的資料。

21.單選題

Intheworldofbigbusiness;JamesLintonisprecociousintheextreme.Justtwoyearsintothejobofrevivingoneofthemostillustriousnamesinretailfinance,RoCom,hehasfoundhimselfakeyplayer,inoneoftherichestandcertainlymostaudaciousdealsintheindustryPTL’stakeoverofRoCorm.

PTLispaying￡25ashareforRoComapproximately40percentmorethanthemarketvalueoftheshares—anditsofferdocumentboastedthat“PTLattachesgreatimportancetokeyemployeeshavingappropriateperformancerelatedremuneration.”Initiallywaryaboutthetakeover,Lintonhasnownegotiatedahands-offagreementwithPTL,whichconfirmsitsintentiontoleavehimverymuchtohisowndevicestocontinuebuildingthebusiness.Allthisandhewillnotturn38foranotherfortnight!

AlthoughLintoniscreditedwithturningRoComaround,thisismoreamatterofworkinprogressthanactualachievement.Yethedoesseemtohaveinstitutedthebiggesttop-levelshake-upinitsnear70-yearhistory,promotedsomebig-hittersamongstkeystaffandtransformedRoCom’swayofdoingbusiness.

Lintonhas,however,warnedthatthetakeoverisbynomeansaguaranteeoffuturesuccess;indeed,deterioratingmarketconditionssuggestthatthewayforwardwillbeanythingbutsmooth.Lintonrecentlyventuredthehypothesisthatbeingshareholderownedhad,inrecentyears,helpedthebusinessfocusandarguedthatthesector’sexperienceofrivaltakeoverswasnotencouraging.Indeed,therecentlyreportedperformanceofrivalorganizationssuchasMaftenLimitedhasnotpromotedtheno-Linton.

ItmayhavebeenhisideasaboutindependencethatmadeLintonaddressRoCom's900staffonthedaythetakeoverwasannounced,ratherthandoinghigh-profilemediainterviewsonwhatwasimmediatelyseenasafantasticdealforshare-holders.Heisacutelyawareoftheneedtonurturehisstaffifthebusinessistosucceed,somethingwhichisnotlostonthem.Thisisnotamanagement-schooldictum.Itisagenuinebeliefthateverymemberofstaffhascontributedtothefirmandenabledittonet￡1.9billionfromPTL.OtherCEOssayheisarrogant,butthisprobablyreflectsthefactthatLintonmayfindtalkingtothemdifficult.Heisalsoferociouslyintelligent,and,whileinothersthiscouldappearintimidating,inLintonitawakesfurtheradmirationamongstloyalemployees.Theyclearlydonotfeeltheyhavetogrovelinfrontofthismastermind,andclaimthatalthoughhe’sincrediblydedicatedtohiswork,hehasanaffablemanner.

LintonboaststhatstaffturnoverratesatRoComhaveremainedlowfortheindustry,atabout12percentsincehetookoverasCEOtwoyearsago.“PeoplehavearealaffectionforRoCom,andthatrunsrightthroughtheofficehere.Theyallwantustobenumberone.”hesays.Heisawareofthepossibilitythatthecollegiateethoshehasworkedsohardtocreate,themeritocracyonwhichhethinksmuchofRoCom’ssuccessdepends,couldbedestroyedifPTListooheavy-handed.HewillneedallhisskillstokeepRoComoncourse,particularlywhenattentionhasimmediatelyfocusedonthepossibilitythatSusanMarshall,itsrespectedinvestmentchief,mightbethefirstcasualtyofthetakeover.WhateverthefutureholdsforRoCom,wearecertaintogoonhearingalotmoreofJamesLinton.

1.WhatisPTLdoing,accordingtoparagraph2?

2.WhatdowelearnaboutLinton’sworkatRoCominparagraph3?

3.WhatdoesLintonsayaboutRoCominparagraph4?

4.WhichofthefollowingissaidaboutLinton’smanagementstyle?

5.HowdoesLintonfeelaboutthetakeover,accordingtoparagraph6?

問題1選項

A.AllowingLintontorunRoCominthewayhewishesto

B.PurchasingmajorityoftheRoComsharesonoffer

C.GivingallRoComstaffregularbonusestopromotemotivation

D.DrawingupnewemploymentcontractsforRoComemployees

問題2選項

A.HehasachievedmorethananyoneinRoCom’shistory.

B.HehaswidenedtherangeofRoCom’sbusinessactivities.

C.Hehastakenonanumberofnewemployees.

D.Hehasmadechangestoseniormanagement.

問題3選項

A.Thecompanyislikelytofacedifficulttimes.

B.Thecompanyhaslostanumberofexperiencedstaff.

C.Thecompanyisexpectingtoreportencouragingresultsshortly.

D.Thecompanyneedstochangeitsfocustoremaincompetitive.

問題4選項

A.Heinvolvesothersinthedecision-makingprocess.

B.Hisstafffindhimapproachable.

C.Heexpectshisstafftoworkashardashedoes.

D.HisstylediffersfromthatofotherCEOs.

問題5選項

A.Pleasedthatstaffturnoverfinallystartedtofalltwoyearsago

B.AfraidthathewilllosehisjobtoSusanMarshall

C.Worriedthatthecompanyculturemightchange

D.Happythatemployemployeeshavebeensosupportiveofhiswork

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句提到現(xiàn)在，林頓已經(jīng)與PTL談判達(dá)成了一項不干涉協(xié)議，這證實了PTL打算讓林頓根據(jù)自己的意愿繼續(xù)發(fā)展業(yè)務(wù)（Lintonhasnownegotiatedahands-offagreementwithPTL,whichconfirmsitsintentiontoleavehimverymuchtohisowndevicestocontinuebuildingthebusiness），因此選項A符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章第三段提到林頓似乎確實實施了公司近70年歷史上規(guī)模最大的高層人事變動，在關(guān)鍵員工中提拔了一些重量級人物，并改變了RoCom的經(jīng)營方式Y(jié)（ethedoesseemtohaveinstitutedthebiggesttop-levelshake-upinitsnear70-yearhistory,promotedsomebig-hittersamongstkeystaffandtransformedRoCom’swayofdoingbusiness），選項D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第四段第一句可以知道公司正面臨一些問題，處在艱難時期，選項A符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章倒數(shù)第二段倒數(shù)第一句提到雖然林頓全身心投入工作，但是他依然給人一種和藹可親的感覺（theyclearlydonotfeeltheyhavetogrovelinfrontofthismastermind,andclaimthatalthoughhe’sincrediblydedicatedtohiswork,hehasanaffablemanner），選項B符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。文章最后一段提到林頓認(rèn)為如果PTL太過嚴(yán)厲，他努力經(jīng)營的學(xué)員風(fēng)氣就會被摧毀（Heisawareofthepossibilitythatthecollegiateethoshehasworkedsohardtocreate,themeritocracyonwhichhethinksmuchfRoCom’ssuccessdepends,couldbedestroyedifPTListo