考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北海藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北海藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Itisunfairto（

）fromthesetwoincidentsandsaythatallyoungmenarerecklessdrivers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deduce

B.generalize

C.minimize

D.transfer

【答案】A

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。deduce“推論”；generalize“概括，推廣”；minimize“使減到最少；最小化”；transfer“轉(zhuǎn)讓，轉(zhuǎn)接”。句意：從這兩件事來(lái)推斷是不公平的，說(shuō)所有的年輕人都是莽撞的司機(jī)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.單選題

Itwassuggestedthatthisnaughtyboy（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.winbescolded

B.hadbeenscolded

C.couldbescolded

D.bescolded

【答案】D

【解析】句意:有人建議對(duì)這個(gè)調(diào)皮的男孩兒進(jìn)行批評(píng)。

語(yǔ)法題。考查特殊虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息Itwassuggestedthat可知that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣:should+動(dòng)詞原形(should可省略)。動(dòng)詞scold和主語(yǔ)naughtyboy之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故選D。

3.單選題

Thefinalrecommendationwasthattheemployeeonprobation（

）aspecialnightclassforonesemester.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attend

B.hasattended

C.attends

D.attended

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表示“建議、要求、命令”等意思的詞相關(guān)的從句謂語(yǔ)部分要用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略，因此選A。

句意：最終的建議是試用期雇員一個(gè)學(xué)期參見一次特殊夜校學(xué)習(xí)。

4.單選題

Behindthe[A]aluminum’sversatility[B]liespropertiessodiversethat[C]theyalmostseemtobelongtoseveraldifferent[D]metals.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aluminum’s

B.lies

C.they

D.metals

【答案】B

【解析】【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】主謂一致。

【解題思路】該句是介詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)置于句首引起句子倒裝。主語(yǔ)為properties，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，因此，應(yīng)將B選項(xiàng)改為lie。

【句意】在鋁的多功能性背后，是各種各樣的特性，它們幾乎像是屬于幾種不同的金屬。

5.翻譯題

從一定角度上看，教育的目的實(shí)質(zhì)上就是通過生存知識(shí)的獲得和生存能力的提高而使受教育者為未來(lái)的生活做好準(zhǔn)備；而社會(huì)教育就是通過社會(huì)方式來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目的。對(duì)于任何人來(lái)說(shuō)，生活可以有兩個(gè)目標(biāo)：一是達(dá)到或維持基本的生存水平，二是提高到更高層次。為達(dá)到這兩個(gè)目標(biāo)——其實(shí)生活中它們是融合在一起的，一般不會(huì)有人把兩者割裂開來(lái)——任何時(shí)代、任何區(qū)域和社會(huì)階層都會(huì)對(duì)作為社會(huì)成員生活在這一時(shí)空與社會(huì)交叉點(diǎn)上的人有一個(gè)基本或起碼的知識(shí)和能力客觀要求。

【答案】Fromacertainpointofview,thepurposeofeducationistomaketheeducatedprepareforthefuturelifethroughtheacquisitionofsurvivalknowledgeandtheimprovementofsurvivalability.Socialeducationistoachievethisgoalthroughsocialmeans.Foranyone,lifecanhavetwogoals.Oneistoachieveormaintainabasiclevelofsurvival,andtheotheristoimprovetoahigherlevel.Inordertoachievethesetwogoals—infact,theyareintegratedinlife,andgenerallynoonewillcutthemapart—anyera,anyregionandsocialclasswillhaveabasicorminimumobjectiverequirementofknowledgeandabilityforpeoplelivingattheintersectionoftime,spaceandsocietyasmembersofthesociety.

6.單選題

Thepurposeofa（

）istocutdownimportsinordertoprotectdomesticindustryfromforeigncompetition.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tax

B.tariff

C.fee

D.toll

【答案】B

【解析】句意:征收關(guān)稅的目的在于削減進(jìn)口，從而保護(hù)國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)免受國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

名詞辨析。Tax征稅，出租車;tariff關(guān)稅,收費(fèi)表;fee費(fèi)用，酬金;toll征稅,代價(jià)。根據(jù)后半句意推測(cè)B項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Inapurelybiologicalsense,fearbeginswiththebody’ssystemforreactingtothingsthatcanharmus—theso-calledfight-or-flightresponse.“Ananimalthatcan’tdetectdangercan’tstayalive,”saysJosephLeDoux.Likeanimals,humansevolvedwithanelaboratemechanismforprocessinginformationaboutpotentialthreats.Atitscoreisaclusterofneurons(神經(jīng)元)deepinthebrainknownastheamygdale(扁桃核).

LeDouxstudiesthewayanimalsandhumansrespondtothreatstounderstandhowweformmemoriesofsignificanteventsinourlives.Theamygdalareceivesinputfrommanypartsofthebrain,includingregionsresponsibleforretrievingmemories.Usingthisinformation,theamygdalaappraisesasituation—Ithinkthischargingdogwantstobiteme—andtriggersaresponsebyradiatingnervesignalsthroughoutthebody.Thesesignalsproducethefamiliarsignsofdistress:trembling,perspirationandfast-movingfeet,justtonamethree.

Thisfearmechanismiscriticaltothesurvivalofallanimals,butnoonecansayforsurewhetherbeastsotherthanhumansknowthey’reafraid.Thatis,asLeDouxsays,“Ifyouputthatsystemintoabrainthathasconsciousness,thenyougetthefeelingoffear.”

Humans,saysEdwardM.Hallowell,havetheabilitytocallupimagesofbadthingsthathappenedinthepastandtoanticipatefutureevents.Combinethesehigherthoughtprocesseswithourhardwireddanger-detectionsystems,andyougetanear-universalhumanphenomenon:worry.

That’snotnecessarilyabadthing,saysHallowell.“Whenusedproperly,worryisanincredibledevice,”hesays.Afterall,alittlehealthyworryingisokayifitleadstoconstructiveaction—likehavingadoctorlookatthatweirdspotonyourback.

Hallowellinsists,though,thatthere’sarightwaytoworry.“Neverdoitalone,getthefactsandthenmakeaplan,”hesays.Mostofushavesurvivedarecession,sowe’refamiliarwiththebelt-tighteningstrategiesneededtosurviveaslump.

Unfortunately,fewofushavemuchexperiencedealingwiththethreatofterrorism,soit’sbeendifficulttogetfactsabouthowweshouldrespond.That’swhyHallowellbelievesitwasokayforpeopletoindulgesomeextremeworrieslastfallbyaskingdoctorsforCipro(抗炭疽菌的藥物)andbuyinggasmasks.

1.The“so-calledfight-or-flightresponse”refersto______.

2.FromthestudiesconductedbyLeDouxwelearnthat______.

3.Fromthepassageweknowthat______.

4.WhichofthefollowingisthebestwaytodealwithyourworriesaccordingtoHallowell?

5.InHallowell’sview,people’sreactiontotheterroristthreatlastfallwas______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thebiologicalprocessinwhichhumanbeings’senseofself-defenseevolves

B.theinstinctivefearhumanbeingsfeelwhenfacedwithpotentialdanger

C.theactofevaluatingadangeroussituationandmakingaquickdecision

D.theelaboratemechanisminthehumanbrainforretrievinginformation

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.reactionsofhumansandanimalstodangeroussituationsareoftenunpredictable

B.memoriesofsignificanteventsenablepeopletocontrolfearanddistress

C.people’sunpleasantmemoriesarederivedfromtheirfeelingsoffear

D.theamygdalaplaysavitalpartinhumanandanimalresponsestopotentialdanger

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.alittleworrywilldousgoodifhandledproperly

B.alittleworrywillenableustosurvivearecession

C.fearstrengthensthehumandesiretosurvivedanger

D.fearhelpspeopletoanticipatecertainfutureevents

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Askforhelpfromthepeoplearoundyou.

B.Usethebelt-tighteningstrategiesforsurvival.

C.Seekprofessionaladviceandtakeaction.

D.Understandthesituationandbefullyprepared.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ridiculous

B.understandable

C.over-cautious

D.sensible

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第一句Inapurelybiologicalsense,fearbeginswiththebody’ssystemforreactingtothingsthatcanharmus—theso-calledfight-or-flightresponse.（從純粹的生物學(xué)意義上講，恐懼始于身體系統(tǒng)對(duì)可能傷害我們的事物做出的反應(yīng)——即所謂的“戰(zhàn)斗或逃跑反應(yīng)”。），說(shuō)明“so-calledfight-or-flightresponse”在文中是指“身體系統(tǒng)對(duì)可能傷害我們的事情做出戰(zhàn)斗或逃跑的反應(yīng)”。因此C選項(xiàng)“評(píng)估危險(xiǎn)情況并做出快速抉擇行為”正確。A選項(xiàng)“人類自我防衛(wèi)感演化的生理過程”，B選項(xiàng)“人類面臨潛在的危險(xiǎn)時(shí)本能的恐懼”，D選項(xiàng)“大腦提取信息的精細(xì)機(jī)制”均不符合題意，所以A,B,D錯(cuò)誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段第一句LeDouxstudiesthewayanimalsandhumansrespondtothreatstounderstandhowweformmemoriesofsignificanteventsinourlives.（勒杜研究動(dòng)物和人類對(duì)威脅的反應(yīng)方式，以了解我們是如何形成對(duì)生活中重大事件的記憶的。），說(shuō)明了勒杜研究的內(nèi)容和目的，接著文章介紹了扁桃核的工作機(jī)制。因此D選項(xiàng)“扁桃核在人類和動(dòng)物對(duì)潛在危險(xiǎn)的反應(yīng)中起著重要作用”正確。A選項(xiàng)“人類和動(dòng)物對(duì)危險(xiǎn)情況的反應(yīng)往往是不可預(yù)測(cè)的”在文中沒有提及，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“記憶使人能控制恐懼”不是勒杜的研究?jī)?nèi)容，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“不愉快的記憶來(lái)自恐懼”，由原文可知，是恐懼來(lái)自于記憶，所以C錯(cuò)誤。

3.推理判斷題。由A選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“worry”可以定位到文章第五段第二句Whenusedproperly,worryisanincredibledevice（應(yīng)用得當(dāng)?shù)脑捊箲]是一種極好的手段），說(shuō)明在應(yīng)用得當(dāng)?shù)那闆r下，焦慮也是有好處的。因此A選項(xiàng)“如果處理得當(dāng)，一點(diǎn)焦慮對(duì)我們有好處”正確。B選項(xiàng)“一點(diǎn)焦慮會(huì)使我們?cè)诮?jīng)濟(jì)衰退中生存下來(lái)”，由原文Mostofushavesurvivedarecession,sowe’refamiliarwiththebelt-tighteningstrategiesneededtosurviveaslump.（我們大多數(shù)人都經(jīng)歷過經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，所以我們都熟悉在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退中需要的勒緊褲腰帶的策略。）可知，是“勒緊褲腰帶”策略有助于幫助我們度過經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，而不是焦慮，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“恐懼加強(qiáng)了人類在危險(xiǎn)中生存的欲望”在文中沒有提及，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“恐懼有助于人們預(yù)知未來(lái)的某些事件”，由原文可知，人類能回憶起過去壞事的形象、預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)事件，但這與恐懼無(wú)關(guān)，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第六段第二句Neverdoitalone,getthefactsandthenmakeaplan（不要光是焦慮，要了解事實(shí)，然后制定計(jì)劃），說(shuō)明哈洛韋爾認(rèn)為處理焦慮的最好方式是千萬(wàn)別光是焦慮，要尋求有關(guān)事實(shí)然后做出計(jì)劃。因此D選項(xiàng)“了解情況，做好充分準(zhǔn)備”正確。A選項(xiàng)“向你周圍的人尋求幫助”，B選項(xiàng)“使用勒緊褲腰帶的生存策略”，C選項(xiàng)“尋求專業(yè)建議并采取行動(dòng)”均不符合題意，所以A,B,C錯(cuò)誤。

5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段Unfortunately,fewofushavemuchexperiencedealingwiththethreatofterrorism,soit’sbeendifficulttogetfactsabouthowweshouldrespond.That’swhyHallowellbelievesitwasokayforpeopletoindulgesomeextremeworries（不幸的是，我們中很少有人有應(yīng)對(duì)恐怖主義威脅的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，所以很難知道我們應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)對(duì)。這就是為什么哈洛韋爾認(rèn)為，人們可以放縱一些極端的焦慮），說(shuō)明哈洛韋爾認(rèn)為大多數(shù)人未曾經(jīng)歷過恐怖威脅，所以感受到這種威脅時(shí)人們產(chǎn)生一些過度的焦慮是正常的。所以B選項(xiàng)“可以理解的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“荒謬的”，C選項(xiàng)“過于謹(jǐn)慎的”帶有貶義色彩，不符合哈洛韋爾的意思，所以A,C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“理智的”，哈洛韋爾把人們的反應(yīng)稱為“極端”反應(yīng)，自然不是理智的，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

8.單選題

Asyoucantellfromhowanimatedheis.Charlesisnottiredenoughtogotobedyet.Hewouldn’tsleepifhegoestobednow.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Asyoucan

B.howanimatedheis

C.tiredenough

D.hegoestobed

E.沒有問題

【答案】D

【解析】時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。hegoestobed改為weretogotobed,主句和從句部分都是表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，主句用would/could+動(dòng)詞原形，從句用wereto/should+動(dòng)詞原形。

9.單選題

Thecloseronecangettoreality,theeasierthelearningbythestudent,（

）

thatthenecessaryknowledgehasbeengivenpreviouslytofacilitatecomprehension.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.so

B.despite

C.such

D.provided

【答案】D

【解析】考察連詞辨析。so因此，despite盡管，such如此；providedthat“如果，假設(shè)”;句意：如果先前已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了能夠幫助理解的必要知識(shí)，那么距離現(xiàn)實(shí)越近，學(xué)習(xí)就會(huì)越容易。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

10.單選題

Let'stestthetemperatureofabasinofwaterwithbothhands（）togetherinthewater.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.placing

B.place

C.beingplaced

D.placed

【答案】D

【解析】句意:讓我們把兩只手一起放水中，以測(cè)試水溫。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。此處hands和place之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用過去分詞。故D正確。

11.單選題

Educationisoneofthekeywordsofourtime.Aman,withoutaneducation,manyofusbelieve,isanunfortunatevictimofadversecircumstancesdeprivedofoneofthegreatesttwentieth-centuryopportunities.Convincedoftheimportanceofeducation,modernstates“invest”ininstitutionsoflearningtogetback“interest”intheformofalargegroupofenlightenedyoungmenandwomenwhoarepotentialleaders.Education,withitscyclesofinstructionsocarefullyworkedout,ispunctuatedbytextbooks—thosepurchasablewellsofwisdom—whatwouldcivilizationbelikewithoutitsbenefits?

Somuchiscertain:thatwewouldhavedoctorsandpreachers,lawyersanddefendants,marriagesandbirths;butourspiritualoutlookwouldbedifferent.Wewouldlaylessstresson“factsandfigures”andmoreonagoodmemory,onappliedpsychology,andonthecapacityofamantogetalongwithhisfellow-citizens.Ifoureducationalsystemwerefashionedafteritsbooklesspastwewouldhavethemostdemocraticformof“college”imaginable.Amongthepeoplewhomweliketocallsavagesallknowledgeinheritedbytraditionissharedbyall;itistaughttoeverymemberofthetribesothatinthisrespecteverybodyisequallyequippedforlife.

Itistheidealconditionofthe“equalstart”whichonlyourmostprogressiveformsofmoderneducationtrytoregain.Inprimitiveculturestheobligationtoseekandtoreceivethetraditionalinstructionisbindingtoall.Thereareno“illiterates”一ifthetermcanbeappliedtopeoplewithoutascript—whileourowncompulsoryschoolattendancebecamelawinGermanyin1642,inFrancein1806,andinEngland1876,andisstillnon-existentinanumberof“civilized”nations.Thisshowshowlongitwasbeforewedeemeditnecessarytomakesurethatallourchildrencouldshareintheknowledgeaccumulatedbythe“happyfew”duringthepastcenturies.

Educationinthewildernessisnotamatterofmonetarymeans.Allareentitledtoanequalstart.Thereisnoneofthehurrywhich,inoursociety,oftenhampersthefulldevelopmentofagrowingpersonality.There,achildgrowsupundertheever-presentattentionofhisparents,thereforethejunglesandthegrasslandsknowofno“juveniledelinquency”.Nonecessityofmakingalivingawayfromhomeresultsinneglectofchildrenandnofatherisconfrontedwithhisinabilityto“buy”aneducationforhischild.

1.Theword“interest”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorseemstobe（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Thebesttitleforthispassageis（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pleasure

B.returns

C.share

D.knowledge

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.againsttheeducationintheveryearlyhistorictimes

B.infavoroftheeducationalpracticeinprimitivecultures

C.quitehappytoseeanequalstartforeveryone

D.positiveaboutourpresenteducationalinstruction

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theaimof“equalstart”hasalreadybeenreachedamongsavages

B.savagesinancienttimesaremorecivilizedthanmodernpeople

C.themoderneducationsystemismoredemocraticthanbefore

D.therearenoilliteratesincivilizednationsintoday’ssociety

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Educationcan’tworkwithoutthebenefitsoftextbooks.

B.Wehavenotyetdecidedonoureducationalmodels.

C.Compulsoryschoolingisnotexistentinallnations.

D.Ourspiritualoutlookisbetternowthanbefore.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.EducationandModernCivilization

B.TheSignificanceofModernEducation

C.EducationalInvestmentandtheProfitItBrings

D.Education:AComparisonbetweenPastandPresent

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)原文句意：由于深信教育的重要性，現(xiàn)代國(guó)家“投資”于學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)構(gòu)，培養(yǎng)一大批開明的，有可能成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的青年男女，以此來(lái)獲得“回報(bào)”?！癷nvest”和“interest”相對(duì)應(yīng)，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.根據(jù)第三段第一句“Itistheidealconditionofthe“equalstart”whichonlyourmostprogressiveformsofmoderneducationtrytoregain.”這是“平等起步”的理想狀態(tài)，只有我們最先進(jìn)的現(xiàn)代教育形式才試圖恢復(fù)這種理想狀態(tài)。由此可以推斷，作者似乎贊同原始文化中的平等教育傳統(tǒng)，所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第二段的最后兩句，在我們喜歡稱之為野蠻人的人群中，所有由傳統(tǒng)繼承的知識(shí)都為所有人所共享;它被教導(dǎo)給部落的每一個(gè)成員，因此在這方面，每個(gè)人都是平等地為生活做好準(zhǔn)備。由此可知，野蠻人已經(jīng)達(dá)到了“平等起步”的目標(biāo)，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.根據(jù)第三段“...ourowncompulsoryschoolattendancebecamelawinGermanyin1642,inFrancein1806,andinEngland1876,andisstillnon-existentinanumberof“civilized”nations.”德國(guó)于1642年將義務(wù)教育列入法律條文，法國(guó)在1806年，英國(guó)是在1876年，但是在一些“文明”國(guó)家仍然不存在。由此可知，并非所有的國(guó)家都有義務(wù)教育，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要將過去的教育和現(xiàn)代的教育進(jìn)行對(duì)比，指出現(xiàn)代教育的不足之處，選項(xiàng)D最能概括全文，所以正確。

12.單選題

Warmaybeanaturalexpressionofbiologicalinstinctanddrivestowardaggressioninthehumanspecies.Naturalimpulsesofanger,hostility,andterritorialityareexpressedthroughactsofviolence.Theseareallqualitiesthathumanssharewithanimals.Aggressionisakindofinnatesurvivalmechanism,aninstinctforself-preservation,thatallowsanimalstodefendthemselvesfromthreatstotheirexistence.But,notheotherhand,humanviolenceshowsevidenceofbeingalearnedbehavior.Inthecaseofhumanaggression,violencecannotbesimplyreducedtoaninstinct.Themanyexpressionsofhumanviolencearealwaysconditionedbysocialconventionsthatgiveshapetoaggressivebehavior.Inhumansocietiesviolencehasasocialfunction.Itisastrategyforcreatingordestroyingformsofsocialorder.Religioustraditionshavetakenaleadingroleindirectingthepowersofviolence.Wewilllookattheritualandethical(道德上的)patternswithinwhichhumanviolencehasbeendirected.

Theviolencewithinasocietyiscontrolledthroughinstitutionsoflaw.Themoredevelopedalegalsystembecomes,themoreresponsibilitysocietytakesforthediscovery,control,andpunishmentofviolentacts.Inmosttribalsocietiestheonlymeanstodealwithanactofviolenceisrevenge.Eachfamilygroupmayhavetheresponsibilityforpersonallycarryingoutjudgmentandpunishmentuponthepersonwhocommittedtheoffense.Butinlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomesdepersonalizedanddiffuses.Thesocietyassumestheresponsibilityforprotectingindividualsfromviolence.Incaseswheretheycannotbeprotected,thesocietyisresponsibleforimposingpunishment.Inastatecontrolledlegalsystem,individualsareremovedfromthecycleofrevengemotivatedbyactsofviolence,andthestateassumesresponsibilityfortheirprotection.

Theothersideofastatelegalapparatusisastatemilitaryapparatus.Whiletheoneprotectstheindividualfromviolence,theothersacrificestheindividualtoviolenceintheinterestsofthestate.Inwarthestateaffirmssupremepowerovertheindividualswithinitsownborders.Warisnotsimplyatrialbycombattosettledisputesbetweenstates;itisthemomentwhenthestatemakesitsmostpowerfuldemandsuponitspeoplefortheircommitment,allegiance,andsupremesacrifice.Timesofwartestacommunity’sdeepestreligiousandethicalcommitments.

1.Humanviolenceshowsevidenceofbeingalearnedbehaviorinthat（）.

2.Thefunctionoflegalsystems,accordingtothepassageis（）.

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“...inlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomesdepersonalizedanddiffused”(Lines5-6,Para2)?

4.Theworld“allegiance”(Line5,Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itthreatenstheexistingsocialsystems

B.itisinfluencedbysociety

C.ithasrootsinreligiousconflicts

D.itisdirectedagainstinstitutionsoflaw

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.tocontrolviolencewithinasociety

B.toprotecttheworldfromchaos

C.tofreesocietyfromtheideaofrevenge

D.togivethegovernmentabsolutepower.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Legalsystemsgreatlyreducethepossibilitiesofphysicalviolence.

B.Offensesagainstindividualsarenolongerjudgedonapersonalbasis.

C.Victimsofviolencefonditmoredifficulttotakerevenge.

D.Punishmentisnotdriedoutdirectlybytheindividualsinvolved.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.loyalty

B.objective

C.survival

D.motive

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Governmentstendtoabusetheirsupremepowerintimesofwar.

B.Intimesofwar,governmentsmayextendtheirpoweracrossnationalborders.

C.Intimesofwar,governmentsimposehighreligiousandethicalstandardsontheirpeople.

D.Governmentsmaysacrificeindividualsintheinterestsofthestateintimesofwar

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段“Themanyexpressionsofhumanviolencearealwaysconditionedbysocialconventionsthatgiveshapetoaggressivebehavior.”人類暴力的許多表現(xiàn)總是由影響進(jìn)攻行為的社會(huì)習(xí)俗所決定的。由此可得知，人類的暴力會(huì)受社會(huì)影響，選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Theviolencewithinasocietyiscontrolledthroughinstitutionsoflaw.”社會(huì)中的暴力是通過法律制度來(lái)控制的。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Inastatecontrolledlegalsystem,individualsareremovedfromthecycleofrevengemotivatedbyactsofviolence,andthestateassumesresponsibilityfortheirprotection.”在國(guó)家控制的法律制度中，個(gè)人被排除在暴力行為引起的報(bào)復(fù)循環(huán)之外，國(guó)家承擔(dān)保護(hù)他們的責(zé)任。也就是說(shuō)懲罰不再是由相關(guān)個(gè)人直接處理的。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。選項(xiàng)A在文中沒有提及。

4.詞匯題。根據(jù)可知“allegiance”應(yīng)與“commitment”“supremesacrifice”意思相近，再根據(jù)句意可知，選項(xiàng)A更符合原文語(yǔ)境。句意：這是國(guó)家向人民提出最強(qiáng)有力的要求，要求他們作出承諾、忠誠(chéng)和最大的犧牲的時(shí)刻。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Whiletheoneprotectstheindividualfromviolence,theothersacrificestheindividualtoviolenceintheinterestsofthestate.”一方面（國(guó)家）保護(hù)個(gè)人不受暴力侵害，另一方面又為了國(guó)家的利益使個(gè)人犧牲在暴力之下。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

13.單選題

AlthoughIhadbeeninvitedtotheopeningceremony,Iwasunabletoattend________suchshortnotice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.in

C.with

D.on

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：盡管我被邀請(qǐng)去參加了開幕式，但是我沒能夠參加。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞suchshortnotice，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知考查點(diǎn)是固定搭配——onsuchshortnotice“剛約就要見（沒有給對(duì)方充裕的時(shí)間）”，所以答案選D。attendto是“照顧，處理”的意思，代入句子中間不符合邏輯。

14.單選題

Theystoodgazingatthehappy（）ofchildrenplayinginthepark.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.perspective

B.view

C.landscape

D.scene

【答案】D

【解析】名詞近義詞辨析。句意：他們站在那兒，凝視著在公園里玩耍的孩子們的快樂場(chǎng)景。perspective遠(yuǎn)景，透視圖；view視野，風(fēng)景；landscape風(fēng)景，風(fēng)景畫；scene特定地點(diǎn)的景色，場(chǎng)景。D項(xiàng)在表示場(chǎng)景時(shí)，場(chǎng)景中通常包括了其中的人物及其活動(dòng)，所以本題選D。

15.單選題

AmongtheastronomersofancientGreece,twotheories（）concerningtheplaceoftheearthintheuniverse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.developing

B.indevelopment

C.developed

D.whichtheydeveloped

【答案】C

【解析】語(yǔ)法題。考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子主語(yǔ)為twotheories（兩種理論），空格后面的“concerning”為動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞做后置定語(yǔ)，因此空格處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有C項(xiàng)可做謂語(yǔ)。句意：古希臘的天文學(xué)家創(chuàng)立了兩種關(guān)于地球在宇宙中的位置的理論。

16.單選題

Becauseoffather’spoorcircumstances,myuncle（）myeducation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.finances

B.maintains

C.supplies

D.affords

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)finances“負(fù)擔(dān)經(jīng)費(fèi)，供給……經(jīng)費(fèi)”；B選項(xiàng)maintains“維持，保持”；C選項(xiàng)supplies“供應(yīng)，提供”；D選項(xiàng)affords“買得起，提供”。句意：由于父親的貧苦處境，我叔叔（）了我的教育?？梢钥闯鲆?yàn)楦赣H的條件不好，所以是叔叔“資助了我的學(xué)習(xí)”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.單選題

InthefaceofanuncooperativeCongress,theChiefExecutivemayfindhimself（

）toaccomplishthepoliticalprogramtowhichheiscommitted.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.neutral

B.impotent

C.impudent

D.pious

【答案】B

【解析】neutral中立的；impotent無(wú)力的，無(wú)效的；impudent魯莽的，無(wú)禮的；pious虔誠(chéng)的，盡責(zé)的。句意：面對(duì)不合作的國(guó)會(huì)，行政長(zhǎng)官可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己無(wú)力完成他所承諾的政治計(jì)劃。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

18.單選題

TheRomans（

）alargepartofEuropeandtheMiddleFast.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.submitted

B.subdued

C.oppressed

D.predominated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。submit意為“順從，服從”；subdue意為“征服”；oppress意為“折磨，壓迫”；predominate意為“占優(yōu)勢(shì)，占主導(dǎo)地位”。

句意：羅馬人征服了歐洲大部分地區(qū)以及中東地區(qū)。

19.單選題

I’mpleasedtohearofyourjoboffer——allthathardworkatschoolhasobviously（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.paidoff

B.takenitstoll

C.madeadifference

D.shownup

【答案】A

【解析】詞組辨析題。payoff付清，取得成功；takeitstoll造成損失，造成傷亡；makeadifference有影響，有關(guān)系；showup出現(xiàn)，揭露。

句意：我很高興的聽說(shuō)你找到了工作，在學(xué)校里一切的努力顯然都得到了回報(bào)。只有選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

20.單選題

Professionalarchivistsandlibrarianshavetheresourcestoduplicatematerialsinotherformatsandtheexpertisetoretrievematerialstrappedin（

）computers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abstract

B.obsolete

C.obstinate

D.obese

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)abstract“抽象的，理論上的”；B選項(xiàng)obsolete“淘汰的，廢棄的，過時(shí)的”；C選項(xiàng)obstinate“固執(zhí)的，頑固的，棘手的”；D選項(xiàng)obese“臃腫的，虛胖的，病態(tài)肥胖的”。原句表示“專業(yè)檔案管理員和圖書管理員有方法以其它格式復(fù)制資料，并有專門技能挽回困在_____計(jì)算機(jī)中的資料”，因此B選項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。句意：專業(yè)檔案管理員和圖書管理員有方法以其它格式復(fù)制資料，并有專門技能挽回困在廢棄計(jì)算機(jī)中的資料。

21.單選題

Intheworldofbigbusiness;JamesLintonisprecociousintheextreme.Justtwoyearsintothejobofrevivingoneofthemostillustriousnamesinretailfinance,RoCom,hehasfoundhimselfakeyplayer,inoneoftherichestandcertainlymostaudaciousdealsintheindustryPTL’stakeoverofRoCorm.

PTLispaying￡25ashareforRoComapproximately40percentmorethanthemarketvalueoftheshares—anditsofferdocumentboastedthat“PTLattachesgreatimportancetokeyemployeeshavingappropriateperformancerelatedremuneration.”Initiallywaryaboutthetakeover,Lintonhasnownegotiatedahands-offagreementwithPTL,whichconfirmsitsintentiontoleavehimverymuchtohisowndevicestocontinuebuildingthebusiness.Allthisandhewillnotturn38foranotherfortnight!

AlthoughLintoniscreditedwithturningRoComaround,thisismoreamatterofworkinprogressthanactualachievement.Yethedoesseemtohaveinstitutedthebiggesttop-levelshake-upinitsnear70-yearhistory,promotedsomebig-hittersamongstkeystaffandtransformedRoCom’swayofdoingbusiness.

Lintonhas,however,warnedthatthetakeoverisbynomeansaguaranteeoffuturesuccess;indeed,deterioratingmarketconditionssuggestthatthewayforwardwillbeanythingbutsmooth.Lintonrecentlyventuredthehypothesisthatbeingshareholderownedhad,inrecentyears,helpedthebusinessfocusandarguedthatthesector’sexperienceofrivaltakeoverswasnotencouraging.Indeed,therecentlyreportedperformanceofrivalorganizationssuchasMaftenLimitedhasnotpromotedtheno-Linton.

ItmayhavebeenhisideasaboutindependencethatmadeLintonaddressRoCom's900staffonthedaythetakeoverwasannounced,ratherthandoinghigh-profilemediainterviewsonwhatwasimmediatelyseenasafantasticdealforshare-holders.Heisacutelyawareoftheneedtonurturehisstaffifthebusinessistosucceed,somethingwhichisnotlostonthem.Thisisnotamanagement-schooldictum.Itisagenuinebeliefthateverymemberofstaffhascontributedtothefirmandenabledittonet￡1.9billionfromPTL.OtherCEOssayheisarrogant,butthisprobablyreflectsthefactthatLintonmayfindtalkingtothemdifficult.Heisalsoferociouslyintelligent,and,whileinothersthiscouldappearintimidating,inLintonitawakesfurtheradmirationamongstloyalemployees.Theyclearlydonotfeeltheyhavetogrovelinfrontofthismastermind,andclaimthatalthoughhe’sincrediblydedicatedtohiswork,hehasanaffablemanner.

LintonboaststhatstaffturnoverratesatRoComhaveremainedlowfortheindustry,atabout12percentsincehetookoverasCEOtwoyearsago.“PeoplehavearealaffectionforRoCom,andthatrunsrightthroughtheofficehere.Theyallwantustobenumberone.”hesays.Heisawareofthepossibilitythatthecollegiateethoshehasworkedsohardtocreate,themeritocracyonwhichhethinksmuchofRoCom’ssuccessdepends,couldbedestroyedifPTListooheavy-handed.HewillneedallhisskillstokeepRoComoncourse,particularlywhenattentionhasimmediatelyfocusedonthepossibilitythatSusanMarshall,itsrespectedinvestmentchief,mightbethefirstcasualtyofthetakeover.WhateverthefutureholdsforRoCom,wearecertaintogoonhearingalotmoreofJamesLinton.

1.WhatisPTLdoing,accordingtoparagraph2?

2.WhatdowelearnaboutLinton’sworkatRoCominparagraph3?

3.WhatdoesLintonsayaboutRoCominparagraph4?

4.WhichofthefollowingissaidaboutLinton’smanagementstyle?

5.HowdoesLintonfeelaboutthetakeover,accordingtoparagraph6?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.AllowingLintontorunRoCominthewayhewishesto

B.PurchasingmajorityoftheRoComsharesonoffer

C.GivingallRoComstaffregularbonusestopromotemotivation

D.DrawingupnewemploymentcontractsforRoComemployees

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.HehasachievedmorethananyoneinRoCom’shistory.

B.HehaswidenedtherangeofRoCom’sbusinessactivities.

C.Hehastakenonanumberofnewemployees.

D.Hehasmadechangestoseniormanagement.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thecompanyislikelytofacedifficulttimes.

B.Thecompanyhaslostanumberofexperiencedstaff.

C.Thecompanyisexpectingtoreportencouragingresultsshortly.

D.Thecompanyneedstochangeitsfocustoremaincompetitive.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Heinvolvesothersinthedecision-makingprocess.

B.Hisstafffindhimapproachable.

C.Heexpectshisstafftoworkashardashedoes.

D.HisstylediffersfromthatofotherCEOs.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Pleasedthatstaffturnoverfinallystartedtofalltwoyearsago

B.AfraidthathewilllosehisjobtoSusanMarshall

C.Worriedthatthecompanyculturemightchange

D.Happythatemployemployeeshavebeensosupportiveofhiswork

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句提到現(xiàn)在，林頓已經(jīng)與PTL談判達(dá)成了一項(xiàng)不干涉協(xié)議，這證實(shí)了PTL打算讓林頓根據(jù)自己的意愿繼續(xù)發(fā)展業(yè)務(wù)（Lintonhasnownegotiatedahands-offagreementwithPTL,whichconfirmsitsintentiontoleavehimverymuchtohisowndevicestocontinuebuildingthebusiness），因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章第三段提到林頓似乎確實(shí)實(shí)施了公司近70年歷史上規(guī)模最大的高層人事變動(dòng)，在關(guān)鍵員工中提拔了一些重量級(jí)人物，并改變了RoCom的經(jīng)營(yíng)方式Y(jié)（ethedoesseemtohaveinstitutedthebiggesttop-levelshake-upinitsnear70-yearhistory,promotedsomebig-hittersamongstkeystaffandtransformedRoCom’swayofdoingbusiness），選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第四段第一句可以知道公司正面臨一些問題，處在艱難時(shí)期，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章倒數(shù)第二段倒數(shù)第一句提到雖然林頓全身心投入工作，但是他依然給人一種和藹可親的感覺（theyclearlydonotfeeltheyhavetogrovelinfrontofthismastermind,andclaimthatalthoughhe’sincrediblydedicatedtohiswork,hehasanaffablemanner），選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。文章最后一段提到林頓認(rèn)為如果PTL太過嚴(yán)厲，他努力經(jīng)營(yíng)的學(xué)員風(fēng)氣就會(huì)被摧毀（Heisawareofthepossibilitythatthecollegiateethoshehasworkedsohardtocreate,themeritocracyonwhichhethinksmuchfRoCom’ssuccessdepends,couldbedestroyedifPTListo