考研考博-英語-華東交通大學(xué)理工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-華東交通大學(xué)理工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Our（

）withthePresidentattheairportwasexciting.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.arrival

B.encounter

C.endeavor

D.refreshment

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)句意:我們?cè)跈C(jī)場(chǎng)偶遇總統(tǒng),這真的令人激動(dòng)不已。只有選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

2.翻譯題

ThefirsteditionofThomasKuhn’sTheStructureofScientificRevolutionsappearedin1962.（1）Hisvisionrevolutionizedthewaywethinkaboutscience，andithasgivenusanewwaytolookatchangein“science”itself.

（2）

Whereaspreviousvisionsofsciencesawscienceasanaccumulationofallthathadbeenlearnedoverhistory,Kuhnenvisionedscienceashaving，atanyonetime,aworldview,or“paradigm(范式)”，ofitsenvironment.

Kuhn(庫恩)postulatedthatmostscientistsengagein“normalscience”thatoftenresultsinsolid,butrelativelyincrementalgains,whichneverthelessaccumulateandcollectivelycontributetoresearchandsubsequentscientificknowledgeforward.Whenanomaliesarise,someindividual(s)step(s)outoftheparadigm,andpropose(s)anewprincipleorlaw.（3）Ifthescientificcommunityacceptstheproposedchange,thenscienceexperiencesa“paradigmshift”，andnewscienceproceedswiththatnewparadigm.

Paradigmshiftsareimportant,andanecessarypartoflife.Thingsdochange,andwehavetoadjustandadapttothatchange.Perhapsnotsurprisingly,importantparadigmshiftsoftencomefromtheyoung.（4）Itusuallytakesalongtimetoeffectaparadigmshift—oftenasmuchas20-25years—which，perhapsnotsocoincidently，isaboutthelifeofageneration.

（5）ArelativelyrecentwhitepaperemanatingfromMITjustifiablyarguesthattheintersectionsofarraysofscientists，engineers,mathematicians，aswellasindividualswithahostofmanyotherprofessionaltalents,willbethenextKuhnianscientificrevolutionandinfact，the“Third”biomedicalrevolution.ThisnewrevolutionisbroadlyknownasConvergence.

【答案】（1）他的視角徹底改變了我們思考科學(xué)的方式，給了我們一個(gè)全新的方式來看待“科學(xué)”自身的變化。

（2）然而過去，人們把科學(xué)當(dāng)作人類在歷史長(zhǎng)河中所學(xué)到的全部知識(shí)的積累過程，而庫恩則把科學(xué)看成在任一時(shí)刻對(duì)環(huán)境的一種世界觀，或者“范式”。

（3）如果科學(xué)界認(rèn)可了有些人所提出的變化，那么科學(xué)就將經(jīng)歷“范式轉(zhuǎn)移”，而新的科學(xué)將按照新的范式向前發(fā)展。

（4）引發(fā)范式轉(zhuǎn)移通常需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間——往往長(zhǎng)達(dá)20?25年——也許并非巧合，這大約相當(dāng)于一代人。

（5）最近一份出自麻省理工學(xué)院的詳情報(bào)告理由充分。它認(rèn)為各類科學(xué)家、工程師、數(shù)學(xué)家以及個(gè)人與其他專業(yè)人才的交匯將成為下一場(chǎng)庫恩意義上的科學(xué)革命，事實(shí)上也就是“第三次”生物醫(yī)學(xué)革命。

3.單選題

AntonioRatti,at78stillakingoftheItaliansilkindustry,oncewarnedhisemployees:“Don’tlet'sbecomefatandlazyliketheLyonnais”.Lyon,traditionalcenteroftheFrenchsilkindustrysince1536,risked“l(fā)osingeverything’’,theItalianwarned.

Althoughhispredicationhasnotcometrue,theindustryisonlynowshowingsignsofrenewedvigorafterseeingitspre-eminenceslipoverthepast50years.Examplesoftherichropeandfabricsformerlysuppliedtoroyalcounts,popesandcardinalsareonshowinthecity'smuseum,butfewsilkcompaniessurviveonthehillsideabovetheRiverSeine.

WhileLyonandsurroundingRhoneAlpsregionremainthecenteroftheFrenchtextilesindustry,mostofthe650companiesand55,000workersinthesectordealinsyntheticfibers.Localproductionofrawsilkhasfadedalmosttonothing,leavingthefieldtoChina.Butbyallyingprovendesignstrengthswithmoreaggressivemarketing,specialistcompaniesareaimingtorecapturemarketsinluxuryandhighfashionproducts,suchasLyon-madeHermesscarves,andtoexploitthetrendtowardsmedium-pricedsilkgoods.

“AlltoooftentheLyonnaisadoptedtheattitudethatitwasforbuyerstocomeanddiscoverwhattheyhadtooffer/saysRonaldCurrieoftheLyon-basedInternationalSilkAssociation.

HisopinionthattheLyonnaisaremoreoutward-lookingisconfirmedbyGillesMalfroy,whoseMalfroyMillionsells3millionsilkscarvesayear,notablyinJapan.Itisalso

developingaChinesemarketbyofferingkeenlypricedqualitygoodsdifferentfromthosemass-producedbyChinese-Italianjointventures.“Priceisimportant.”Malfroysays,“Butpeopleworldwidealsowantvarietyandexclusivity”.Slowly,theFrencharemakinginroadsonthemarketshareamassedsince1945bytheItaliansilkindustry.Butwiththeirturnoveroflessthan$10millionayear,Lyon'sweaversandprintersarestilldwarfedbyRatti's$200millionturnover.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,Lyonnais（

）.

2.What’sthemeaningof“slip”inparagraphtwo?

3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

4.SilkscarvesofMalfroyMillionsellwellbecauseof

（

）.

5.Itisimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wereemployeesoftheFrenchtextileindustry

B.wereemployeesoftheItaliansilkindustry

C.wastheItaliansilkindustry

D.wastheFrenchsilkindustry

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Anunintentionalandtrivialmistake

B.Movingquietlyandcautiously.

C.Afallfromsomelevelorstandard

D.Narrowstripofpaper.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.TheFrenchsilkproductsaredisappearingfromtheworldmarket.

B.ThecenteroftheFrenchtextilesindustryischanging.

C.LuxurysilkproductshelpFrancetorecapturesilkmarket.

D.TheLyonnaishavenotrealizedthedangerbeforethem.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theirlowprice

B.theirexclusivedesign

C.theirhighquality

D.alloftheabove

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.themass-producedsilkgoodsislosingmarketinChina

B.MalfroyMillionisdevelopingaChinesemarketbyofferingkeenlypricedqualitygoods

C.Lyon'sweaversandprintersaredwarfedbyRatti'sbecauseoflessturnovers

D.theFrenchandtheItalianarecompetingwitheachotheratthemarketofChina.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.文章第一段Lyon,traditionalcenteroftheFrenchsilkindustrysince1536提到里昂自1536年來是法國(guó)的絲綢業(yè)的傳統(tǒng)中心，選項(xiàng)B和C是關(guān)于意大利的，可以排除；文章第一段里面Ratti對(duì)員工說，“希望我們不要成為像里昂那樣又胖又懶”，可知他本身也是法國(guó)紡織工業(yè)的一員。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.slip出現(xiàn)在文章第二段第一句話：Althoughhispredicationhasnotcometrue,theindustryisonlynowshowingsignsofrenewedvigorafterseeingitspre-eminenceslipoverthepast50years，主要講述了里昂作為法國(guó)紡織業(yè)中心的興衰，renewedvigor“新的活力”，可以推斷在注入新的活力之前是經(jīng)過了下滑，因此slip在這里的意思是“下滑”，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.文章第三段最后一句specialistcompaniesareaimingtorecapturemarketsinluxuryandhighfashionproducts,suchasLyon-madeHermesscarves,andtoexploitthetrendtowardsmedium-pricedsilkgoods提到一些公司試圖通過奢侈品和高端的時(shí)尚產(chǎn)品重新占據(jù)市場(chǎng)，由此可以推斷出法國(guó)紡織業(yè)公司通過生產(chǎn)圍巾等來重新占據(jù)市場(chǎng)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.文章最后一段“Priceisimportant.”Malfroysays,“Butpeopleworldwidealsowantvarietyandexclusivity”提到價(jià)格、多樣性以及獨(dú)特性對(duì)于消費(fèi)者來說都很重要。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.題目的要求是下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)在文章中沒有直接講述，但是在文章中有暗示。文章最后一段ItisalsodevelopingaChinesemarketbyofferingkeenlypricedqualitygoodsdifferentfromthosemass-producedbyChinese-Italianjointventures提到Malfroy正在通過價(jià)格低質(zhì)量高的商品來發(fā)展市場(chǎng)，這些商品與之前中意合資企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的商品不同，由此可以推測(cè)大批量的商品正在逐漸失去市場(chǎng)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.翻譯題

雨落無聲，記憶擱淺。用心觸摸著那絲絲微雨的柔美，透過時(shí)空的壁壘，蒼老的故地，深沉的腳印，朦朧的身影，和那被歲月侵蝕的滿懷柔情，在腦海里徘徊得太過雜亂無章，每當(dāng)想要細(xì)細(xì)品味時(shí)，卻不知從何道來。于是只能介乎在半夢(mèng)半醒之間，任滄桑褪盡昔日芳華，孑然一身，譜寫出風(fēng)花雪月的篇章。人生若只如初見，那冥冥中注定的驚鴻一瞥，定格一瞬間，卻又轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝，帶走了無限的想象和無盡的回憶。

【答案】Rainfallssilently,andmemoryisstranded.Thesoftnessofthegentlerainistouchedbytheheartthroughthebarriersoftimeandspace,theoldhometown,thedeepfootprints,thehazyfigure,andthetenderfeelingsthathavebeenerodedbytheyears.Wanderinginthemessymind,wheneverIwanttoponderit,IdonotknowwhereIshouldstart.ThenIcanonlylettheyouthfadewithvicissitudesoflifebetweendreamsandawakenings.Withbeingallaloneintheworld,Iwritearomantictheme.Iflifeisonlyasitwasatthefirstsight,thedestinedglancebecomesafrozenmoment,andthenitpassesawayinaflash,takingawaytheinfiniteimaginationandendlessmemories.

5.翻譯題

2.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish(5marks)

一些澳大利亞土著（indigenousAustralian）抗議者周五連續(xù)第二日成為頭條新聞，他們聚集在澳大利亞議會(huì)外，并放火焚燒了國(guó)旗。此舉的前一天，憤怒的抗議者包圍了舉行午餐儀式的建筑，保安人員從一家堪培拉餐廳拖出了朱莉婭吉拉德（JuliaGillard）總理。原住民領(lǐng)袖批評(píng)這些人的行動(dòng)，說他們危害了讓澳大利亞土著與更廣泛的社會(huì)協(xié)調(diào)的努力。澳大利亞廣播公司網(wǎng)站上的視頻顯示，在堪培拉議會(huì)外的抗議者圍成一圈，點(diǎn)燃了澳大利亞國(guó)旗，并高呼，“這里始終是也將永遠(yuǎn)是原住民的土地?！?/p>

【答案】AgroupofindigenousAustralianprotestersmadeheadlinesforaseconddayonFriday,gatheringoutsidetheCountry’sparliamentandsettingthenationalflagonfire.ThemovecameadayafterPrimeMinisterJuliaGillardwasdraggedoutofaCanberrarestaurantbysecurityguardsafterangryprotesterssurroundedthebuildingwherethelunchwasbeingheld.Indigenousleadershavecriticizedtheiractions,sayingtheyundermineeffortstobringIndigenousAustraliansintoharmonywiththewidercommunity.VideoontheAustralianBroadcastingCorporationwebsiteshowedprotestersformingacircleoutsideparliamentinCanberra,settingfiretotheAustralianflagandchanting,“ThishasalwaysbeenandalwayswillbethelandoftheAborigines.”

6.單選題

Theboardofthecompanyhasdecidedto（）itsoperationtoincludeallaspectsoftheclothingbusiness.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.extend

B.enlarge

C.expand

D.amplify

【答案】C

【解析】句意:公司董事會(huì)決定擴(kuò)大經(jīng)營(yíng)范圍，將服裝業(yè)務(wù)的各個(gè)方面都包括在內(nèi)。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。extend延伸；擴(kuò)大（尤指時(shí)間或空間的延長(zhǎng)）；enlarge擴(kuò)大（主要指面積或體積等的擴(kuò)大）；expand擴(kuò)張；發(fā)展（指范圍、程度、體積和尺寸等方面的擴(kuò)大或增加）;amplify擴(kuò)大；增強(qiáng)（常指聲音的擴(kuò)大或電磁波的增強(qiáng)，也指補(bǔ)充了細(xì)節(jié)、詳述或擴(kuò)大內(nèi)容等。）。根據(jù)后面的句意“將服裝業(yè)務(wù)的各個(gè)方面都包括在內(nèi)”可知C項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Theterm"remotesensing"referstothetechniquesofmeasurementandinterpretationofphenomenafromadistance.Priortothemid-1960stheinterpretationoffilmimageswastheprimarymeansforremotesensingoftheearth'sgeologicfeatures.Withthedevelopmentoftheoptomechanicalscanner,scientistsbegantoconstructdigitalmultispectralimagesusingdatabeyondthesensitivityrangeofvisiblelightphotography.Theseimagesareconstructedbymechanicallyaligningpictorialrepresentationsofsuchphenomenaasthereflectionoflightwavesoutsidethevisiblespectrum:therefractionofradiowaves,andthedailychangesintemperatureinareasontheEarth'ssurface.Digitalmultispectralimaginghasnowbecomethebasictoolingeologicremotesensingfromsatellites.

Theadvantageofdigitaloverphotographicimagingisevident:theresultingnumericaldataarepreciselyknown,anddigitaldataarenotsubjecttothevagariesofdifficult-to-controlchemicalprocessingwithdigitalprocessing,itispossibletocombinealargenumberofspectralimages.Theacquisitionofthefirstmultispectraldigitaldatasetfrom,themultispectralscanner(MSS)aboardthesatelliteLandsatin1972consequentlyattractedtheattentionoftheentiregeologiccommunity.LandsatMSSdataarenowbeingappliedtoavarietyofgeologicproblemsthataredifficulttosolvebyconventionalmethodsalone.Theseincludespecificproblemsinmineralandenergyresourceexplorationandthechartingofglaciersandshallowseas.

Amorefundamentalapplicationofremotesensingistoaugmentconventionalmethodsforgeologicmappingoflargeareas.Regionalmapspresentcompositionalstructuralandchronologicalinformationforreconstructinggeologicrevolution.Suchreconstructionshaveimportantpracticalapplicationsbecausetheconditionsunderwhichrockunitsandotherstructuralfeaturesareformedinfluencetheoccurrenceoforeandpetroleumdepositsandaffectthethicknessandintegrityofthegeologicmediainwhichthedepositsarefound.

Geologicmapsincorporatealarge,variedbodyofspecificfieldandlaboratorymeasurements,butthemapsmustbeinterpretativebecausefieldmeasurementsarealwayslimitedbyrockexposure,accessibilityandlaborresources.Withremote-sensingtechniques,itispossibletoobtainmuchgeologicinformationmoreefficientlythanitcanbeobtainedontheground.Thesetechniquesalsofacilitateoverallinterpretation.Sincedetailedgeologicmappingisgenerallyconductedinsmallareas,thecontinuityofregionalfeaturesthathadintermittentandvariableexpressionsisoftennotrecognized,butinthecomprehensiveviewsofLandsatimagesthesecontinuitiesareapparent.However,somecriticalinformationcannotbeobtainedthroughremotesensing,andseveralcharacteristicsoftheLandsatMSSimposelimitationsontheacquisitionofdiagnosticdata.Someoftheselimitationscanbeovercomebydesigningsatellitesystemsespeciallyforgeologicpurposes;buttobemosteffective,remotesensingdatamuststillbecombinedwithdatafromfieldsurveys,laboratorytests,andthetechniquesoftheearliertwentiethcentury.

1.Whichofthefollowingcanbemeasuredbytheoptomechanicalscannerbutnotbyvisiblelightphotograph?

2.Landsimagesdifferfromconventionalgeologicmapsinthattheformer（

）.

3.Thepassageprovidesinformationaboutallofthefollowingtopicsexcept（

）.

4.Whatdoestheauthormentionabout“theconventionalmethods”？

5.Accordingtotheauthor（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theamountofvisiblelightreflectedfromoceans

B.DailytemperaturechangesofareasontheEarth’ssurface.

C.Thedegreeofradioactivityemittedbyexposedrocksontheearth'ssurface.

D.Atmosphericconditionsoverlargelandmasses.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.revealtheexactsizeofpetroleumdepositsandoredeposits

B.indicatethecontinuityoffeaturesthatmightnototherwisebeinterpretedascontinuous

C.predictthemovementsofglaciers

D.providehighlyaccuratedataabouttheoccurrenceofmineraldeposits

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theprinciplemethodofgeologicremotesensingpriortothemid-1960s

B.somephenomenameasuredbydigitalmultispectralimagesinremotesensing

C.someofthepracticalusesofregionalgeologicmaps.

D.problemsthataredifficulttosolvesolelythroughconventionalmethodsofgeologicmapping

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyconsistprimarilyoffieldsurveysandlaboratorymeasurements.

B.Theyarenotusefulinprovidinginformationnecessaryforreconstructinggeologicevolution.

C.Theyhaverarelybeenusedbygeologistssince1972.

D.Theyareusedprimarilytogathercompositionalinformationaboutgeologicfeatures.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.geologicmappingisbasicallyanartandnotascience

B.geologicmappinghasnotchangedsignificantlysincetheearly1960s

C.geologicmappingwillhavelimitedpracticalapplicationsuntilremote-sensingsystemsareperfected

D.adevelopmentalmilestoneingeologicmappingwasreachedin1972

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段：Withthedevelopmentoftheoptomechanicalscanner,scientistsbegantoconstructdigitalmultispectralimagesusingdatabeyondthesensitivityrangeofvisiblelightphotography.Theseimagesareconstructedbymechanicallyaligningpictorialrepresentationsofsuchphenomenaasthereflectionoflightwavesoutsidethevisiblespectrum,therefractionofradiowaves,andthedailychangesintemperatureinareasontheEarth’ssurface.隨著光機(jī)械掃描儀的發(fā)展，科學(xué)家開始利用那些超出可見光攝影術(shù)感知范圍的數(shù)據(jù)構(gòu)造數(shù)字化多譜線圖像。這些圖像的建造是通過用機(jī)械手段對(duì)一些現(xiàn)象的圖像進(jìn)行整理，如可見光譜外光波的反射，無線電波的折射以及地球表面一些地區(qū)日常溫度的變化。確定B選項(xiàng)’地球表面許多地區(qū)溫度的日間變化‘正確。

2.根據(jù)第四段Sincedetailedgeologicmappingisgenerallyconductedinsmallarea,thecontinuityofregionalfeaturesthathaveintermittentandvariableexpressionsisoftennotrecognized,butinthecomprehensiveviewsofLandsatimagesthesecontinuitiesareapparent.由于詳盡的地質(zhì)繪圖一般在小的范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行，所以那些具有斷斷續(xù)續(xù)和多變量的區(qū)域特征的連續(xù)性就經(jīng)常不能被認(rèn)可，但是Landsat衛(wèi)星的全方位的觀察角度，能將這一連續(xù)性呈現(xiàn)出來。確定B選項(xiàng)’指明特征的連續(xù)性并不能解釋為連續(xù)性‘正確。

3.根據(jù)第一段：Priortothemid-1960'stheinterpretationoffilmimageswastheprimarymeansforremotesensingoftheEarth’sgeologicfeatures.在20世會(huì)己中葉之前，對(duì)膠片的解釋是對(duì)地球地質(zhì)特征進(jìn)行遙感的主要方法。所以A選項(xiàng)‘地質(zhì)遙感的主要方法在20世紀(jì)60年代之前就出現(xiàn)‘符合原文。再根據(jù)第一段Withthedevelopmentoftheoptomechanicalscanner,scientistsbegantoconstructdigitalmultispectralimagesusingdatabeyondthesensitivityrangeofvisiblelightphotography.隨著光機(jī)械掃描儀的發(fā)展，科學(xué)家#始構(gòu)造數(shù)字化多譜線圖像，利用那些超出可見光影敏感范圍的數(shù)據(jù)。確定B選項(xiàng)’出現(xiàn)了在遙感中利用數(shù)字化多譜線圖像進(jìn)行測(cè)量的現(xiàn)象’符合原文。根據(jù)第三段：Regionalmapspresentcompositional,structural,andchronologicalinformationforreconstructinggeologicevolution.：區(qū)域地圖向重構(gòu)地質(zhì)進(jìn)化過程，提供了成分、結(jié)構(gòu)及時(shí)間順序等信息。確定C選項(xiàng)‘一些地區(qū)地質(zhì)圖有實(shí)用性’符合原文。所以排除法D選項(xiàng)‘通過傳統(tǒng)的地質(zhì)繪圖方法很難解決問題’文中未提及，符合題意。

4.根據(jù)第三段：Amorefundamentalapplicationofremotesensingistoaugmentconventionalmethodsforgeologicmappingoflargeareas.遙感更基本的應(yīng)用是增強(qiáng)傳統(tǒng)的大范圍的地質(zhì)繪圖的方法。Regionalmapspresentcompositional,structural,andchronologicalinformationforreconstructinggeologicevolution.區(qū)域地圖向重構(gòu)地質(zhì)進(jìn)化過程，提供了成分、結(jié)構(gòu)及時(shí)間順序等信息。再根據(jù)第四段：Geologicmapsincorporatealarge,variedbodyofspecificfieldandlaboratorymeasurements…地質(zhì)圖采集了數(shù)量繁多、形形色色的一整套具體的實(shí)地測(cè)量和實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)。推斷出A選項(xiàng)‘它們主要包括實(shí)地考察、實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)量’正確。B選項(xiàng)‘在重構(gòu)地質(zhì)進(jìn)化過程中，他們沒有能提供必要的信息’與原文不符。C選項(xiàng)‘自1972年之后，他們很少被地質(zhì)學(xué)家用到。‘1972年是這一技術(shù)發(fā)展的里程碑之年，與原文不符。D選項(xiàng)’它們主要被用來收集有關(guān)地質(zhì)特征的構(gòu)成信息‘與原文不符。

5.根據(jù)第二段Theacquisitionofthefirstmultispectraldigitaldatasetfromthemultispectralscanner（MSS）aboardthesatelliteLandsatin1972consequentlyattractedtheattentionoftheentiregeologiccommunity.1972年，安裝在Landsat衛(wèi)星上的多譜線掃描儀傳送出來的首批多譜線的數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)，吸引了整個(gè)地學(xué)界的注意。確定D選項(xiàng)’1972年成為地質(zhì)制圖發(fā)展的里程碑‘正確。

8.單選題

Theworkers'demandare（

）;theyareaskingforonlyasmallincreaseintheirwages.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.complicated

B.moderate

C.abnormal

D.commercial

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。complicated“復(fù)雜的”；moderate“適度的”；abnormal“不正常的”；commercial“商業(yè)的”。句意：工人們提出了適度的要求：漲一點(diǎn)工資。由后半句的“onlyasmallincrease…”可知這種要求是適度的。B項(xiàng)符合題意，答案B

9.單選題

Johnplayedbasketballincollegeand（）activeeversince.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.haveextremelybeen

B.hasbeenextremely

C.willbeextremely

D.shouldextremelybe

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)"eversince"可知本句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示過去的影響一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

10.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

如果使用得當(dāng)，恐懼和與之相伴的痛苦是人類和動(dòng)物擁有的最有用的兩樣?xùn)|西。如果火燒到時(shí)不會(huì)疼痛，孩子們會(huì)一直玩火直到燒掉雙手。同樣地，如果只有痛苦而沒有恐懼，一個(gè)孩子會(huì)一次又一次地用火燒自己，因?yàn)榭謶植粫?huì)警告他遠(yuǎn)離曾經(jīng)燒到他的火。一個(gè)真正無畏的士兵——的確存在這樣的人——不是一個(gè)好士兵，因?yàn)樗芸炀蜁?huì)被殺死。而一個(gè)死掉的士兵對(duì)他的軍隊(duì)沒有任何用處。所以恐懼和痛苦是兩位保鏢，人類和動(dòng)物沒有它們就會(huì)很快滅亡。重要的不是讓恐懼控制你，而是要用恐懼來做你的仆人和向?qū)А?/p>

【答案】Fearanditscompanionpainaretwoofthemostusefulthingsthatmenandanimalspossessiftheyareproperlyused.Iffiredidnothurtwhenitburnt,childrenwouldplayituntiltheirhandswereburntaway.Similarly,ifpainexistedbutfeardidnot,achildwouldburnitselfagainandagain,becausefearwouldnotwarnthechildtokeepawayfromthefirethathadburnthimorherbefore.Areallyfearlesssoldier—andsomedoexist—isnotagoodsoldierbecauseheissoonkilled;andadeadsoldierisofnousetohisarmy.Fearandpainarethereforetwoguardswithoutwhichmenandanimalsmightsoondieout.Theimportantthingisnottoletfearruleyou,butinsteadtousefearasyourservantandguide.

11.單選題

Britain’srichestpeoplehaveexperiencedthebiggesteverriseintheirwealth,accordingtotheSundayTimesRichList.DrivenbytheneweconomyoftheInternetandcomputerentrepreneurs,thewealthofthoseatthetopofthefinancialtreehasincreasedatanunprecedentedrate.The12thannualRichListwillshowthatthecollectiveworthofthecountry’srichest1,000peoplereachednearly146billionpoundsbyJanuary,thecutoffpointforthesurvey.Theyrepresentedanincreaseof31billion,or27%,injust12months.Sincethesurveywascompiled,Britain’srichesthaveaddedbillionsmoretotheirwealth,thankstothecontinuingboomintechnologysharesonthestockmarket.Thishaspushedupthetotalvalueofthewealthoftherichest1,000toaprobable160billionaccordingtoDr.PhilipBeresford,Britain’sacknowledgedexpertonpersonalwealthwhocompilestheSundayTimesRichList.

ThemillenniumboomexceedsanythinginBritain’seconomichistory,includingtherailwayboomofthe1840sandtheSouthSeabubbleof1720.IthasmadeMargaretThatcher’sboomseemassluggishasEdwardHeath’s“threedayweek”,saidBeresford.“Weareseeingbillionsbeingaddedtothenationalwealtheveryweek.”WilliamRubinstein,professorofmodernhistoryattheUniversityofWales;AbeYstwyth,confirmedthatthegrowthinwealthwasunprecedented.Almostalloftoday’swealthhasbeencreatedsincetheindustrialrevolution,butevenbythoseheadystandardsthecurrentboomisextraordinary,hesaid.“Thereisnolargescaleculturaloppositionorguiltaboutmakingmoney.InmanywaysBritishbusinessattitudescannowchallengetheUnitedStates.”

AlthoughtheBritain’srichestareexperiencingthesharpestsurgeinwealth,therestofthepopulationhasalsobenefitedfromthestockmarketboomandrisinghouseprices.Lastyearwealthroseby16%toarecord4,267billion,accordingtocalculationsbytheinvestmentbankSalomonSmithBarney.Inrealterms,wealthhasincreasedbymorethanathirdsincethelate1980s.Muchofthewealthoftherichestisheldinsharesinstart-upcompanies.

Someofthesepaperfortunes,analystsagree,couldeasilybewipedout,althoughthewealthgeneratingeffectsoftheInternetrevolutionseemtobeheretostay.ASundayTimesYoungRichListconfirmsthatpeoplearebecomingwealthieryounger.Itincludesthe60richestmillionairesaged30orunder.Atthetop,on600m,isthe“oldmoney”EarlofInveigh,30,headoftheGuinnessbrewingfamily.InsecondplaceisCharlesNasser,also30,wholaunchedtheClaraNETInternetproviderfouryearsagoandisworth300m.Theremainingeightinthetop10youngmillionairesmadetheirmoneyfromcomputingandtheInternet.

16.The“cutoffpointforthesurvey”(inParagraph1)refersto______.

17.WhichoneisanexampleofthechangedbusinessattitudeinBritain?

18.ThemillenniumeconomicboominBritain______.

19.Whydoestheauthorcallthewealthoftheriches“paperfortunes”?

20.Anewtendencyemergedinthecurrentboomisthat______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.146billion—thecollectiveworthofthecountry’srichest1,000people

B.January—thedeadlineforthesurvey

C.31million—theincreaseofwealthinjust12months

D.160billion—thetotalvalueofthewealthofrichest1000

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Today’seconomicboomcannotsurpassMargaretThatcher’sboom.

B.ThreedayweekshowedthatBritishpeopleweremoresluggishthantheyaretoday.

C.Peopledonotfeelguiltyaboutmakingmoney.

D.DoingbusinessinBritainismorechallengingthaninAmerica.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.benefitstherichestalone

B.makesthelifeoftherestofthepopulationevenworseoff

C.hasaddedtotheBritain’swealthby16%sincethelate1980s

D.isprimarilyduetotheinternetrevolution

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.BecausetheirwealthismainlygeneratedfromtechnologyShares.

B.Becausetheirwealthcanbeeasilylost.

C.Becausetheirwealthisgreatlyinfluencedbystartingupcompanies.

D.Becausetheirwealthisquicklydevaluatedwiththeupanddownofhouseprices.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.moreandmorepeoplestarthi-techbusinesstoamassfortune

B.peoplearebecomingrichatyoungerages

C.mostoftherichestmaketheirfortunebyinheritance

D.alltherichestmillionairesareaged30orabove

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】16.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】詞義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“cutoffpointforthesurvey”可以定位到文章第一段第三句The12thannualRichListwillshowthatthecollectiveworthofthecountry’srichest1,000peoplereachednearly146billionpoundsbyJanuary,thecutoffpointforthesurvey.（第12次年度財(cái)富排行榜將顯示，到調(diào)查的截止日期1月份，英國(guó)最富有的1000人的財(cái)富總和達(dá)到了1460億英鎊。），說明“cutoffpointforthesurvey”在文中的意思是指調(diào)查的截止日期。因此B選項(xiàng)“1月——調(diào)查的截止日期”正確。A選項(xiàng)“1460億——全國(guó)最富有的1000人的總身價(jià)”，C選項(xiàng)“3100萬——短短12個(gè)月內(nèi)財(cái)富增加的數(shù)量”，D選項(xiàng)“1600億——最富有的1000人的財(cái)富總價(jià)值”均不符合題意，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

17.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“businessattitude”可以定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第一、二句Thereisnolargescaleculturaloppositionorguiltaboutmakingmoney.InmanywaysBritishbusinessattitudescannowchallengetheUnitedStates.（人們對(duì)賺錢沒有大規(guī)模的文化上的反對(duì)或負(fù)罪感。英國(guó)商業(yè)態(tài)度現(xiàn)在在許多方面都能挑戰(zhàn)美國(guó)。），說明英國(guó)商業(yè)態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)谟趯?duì)賺錢沒有負(fù)罪感。因此C選項(xiàng)“人們對(duì)賺錢不感到內(nèi)疚”正確。A選項(xiàng)“今天的經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮不能超越撒切爾夫人時(shí)期的繁榮”，由原文可知現(xiàn)在比撒切爾夫人執(zhí)政時(shí)期更加繁榮，所以A錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“每周三天工作制表明英國(guó)人比現(xiàn)在更不景氣”，D選項(xiàng)“在英國(guó)做生意比在美國(guó)更有挑戰(zhàn)性”均不符合題意，所以B，D錯(cuò)誤。

18.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由A選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“richest”可以定位到文章第三段第一句AlthoughtheBritain’srichestareexperiencingthesharpestsurgeinwealth,therestofthepopulationhasalsobenefitedfromthestockmarketboomandrisinghouseprices.（雖然英國(guó)最富有的人們正在經(jīng)歷財(cái)產(chǎn)最強(qiáng)勁的攀升，其他老百姓也從股市的繁榮和房?jī)r(jià)的上漲中獲得了利益。），說明英國(guó)的千禧年經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮不光只讓最富有的人受益，普通老百姓也能獲得利益，所以A選項(xiàng)“只讓最富有的人受益”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“使其他人民的生活更加惡化了”，由原文可知，其他人民也從中獲得了利益，所以B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。由C選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“thelate1980s”可以定位到文章第三段第三句Inrealterms,wealthhasincreasedbymorethanathirdsincethelate1980s.（按實(shí)際價(jià)值計(jì)算，自上世紀(jì)80年代末以來，財(cái)富增長(zhǎng)了三分之一以上。），說明英國(guó)的財(cái)富增加了三分之一以上，所以C選項(xiàng)“自20世紀(jì)80年代末以來使英國(guó)的財(cái)富增加了16%”錯(cuò)誤。由D選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“internetrevolution”可以定位到文章第四段第一句Someofthesepaperfortunes,analystsagree,couldeasilybewipedout,althoughthewealthgeneratingeffectsoftheInternetrevolutionseemtobeheretostay.（分析人士認(rèn)為，盡管互聯(lián)網(wǎng)革命產(chǎn)生的財(cái)富效應(yīng)似乎會(huì)持續(xù)下去，但其中一些紙上財(cái)富可能很容易被抹去。），說明英國(guó)的千禧年經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮是由互聯(lián)網(wǎng)革命創(chuàng)造的。因此D選項(xiàng)“主要是由于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)革命”正確。

19.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段第一句話，someofthesepaperwealth,這里的these指向上文，因此往前文可以看到第三段最后一句Muchofthewealthoftherichestisheldinsharesinstart-upcompanies.（最富有的人的大部分財(cái)富都持有在初創(chuàng)公司的股票中。）也就是說，這些財(cái)富很可能由于初創(chuàng)公司的失敗而付諸東流。因此作者在這里稱這些財(cái)富為“paperwealth”，C選項(xiàng)“主要受初創(chuàng)公司影響”正確。A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兊呢?cái)富主要來自于科技股”，B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兊呢?cái)富很容易流失”，D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兊呢?cái)富會(huì)隨著房?jī)r(jià)的漲跌而迅速貶值”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

20.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段第二句ASundayTimesYoungRichListconfirmsthatpeoplearebecomingwealthieryounger.（《星期日泰晤士報(bào)》的一份青年富豪榜證實(shí)，人們?cè)诟贻p的時(shí)候變得更富有。），說明出現(xiàn)的一個(gè)新趨勢(shì)是人們成為富豪的年齡越來越小。因此B選項(xiàng)“人們致富的年齡越來越小”正確。A選項(xiàng)“越來越多的人創(chuàng)辦高科技企業(yè)來積累財(cái)富”，C選項(xiàng)“最富有的人多數(shù)是靠繼承發(fā)家的”，D選項(xiàng)“最富有的百萬富翁都是30歲以上的人”均不符合原文的意思，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

12.單選題

Itisannouncedthatawallethasbeenfoundandcanhe（

）atthemanager’soffice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.declared

B.obtained

C.reclaimed

D.recognized

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)declare“斷言，宣稱，宣布”；B選項(xiàng)obtain“獲得，得到”；C選項(xiàng)reclaim“要求歸還，收回；認(rèn)領(lǐng)（失物）”；D選項(xiàng)recognize“認(rèn)出，認(rèn)可，承認(rèn)”。句意：通知說，有人發(fā)現(xiàn)了一只錢包，失主可到經(jīng)理室認(rèn)領(lǐng)。結(jié)合此處語境，C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Specieswithrelatively（）metabolicrates,includinghibernators,generallylivelongerthanthosewhosemetabolicratesaremorerapid.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prolific

B.sedentary

C.sluggish

D.measured

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prolific“多產(chǎn)的，豐富的”；B選項(xiàng)sedentary“定居的，靜坐的”；C選項(xiàng)sluggish“蕭條的，遲鈍的”；D選項(xiàng)measured“量過的，慎重的”。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵信息“hibernators”以及后半句“通常比代謝率更快的物種活得更長(zhǎng)”可知，填空處應(yīng)指代謝率相對(duì)緩慢，所以選項(xiàng)C符合語境。句意：代謝率相對(duì)緩慢的物種，包括冬眠動(dòng)物，通常比代謝率更快的物種活得更長(zhǎng)。選項(xiàng)C正確。

14.單選題

Thisproblemshouldbediscussedfirst,forittakes（）overalltheotherissues.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.precedence

B.prosperity

C.presumption

D.probability

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。takeprecedence優(yōu)先，具有/獲得優(yōu)先權(quán)。句意：應(yīng)該首先討論這個(gè)問題，因?yàn)樗鼉?yōu)先于所有問題。prosperity繁榮，成功；presumption放肆，傲慢；probalility概率，幾率。答案A。

15.單選題

ThedoctorgavemeachestX-rayand______somemedicineforme.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.drugged

B.drifted

C.prescribed

D.floated

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)drugged“用藥麻醉”，drugsb.“麻醉某人”；B選項(xiàng)drifted“漂流；移向”；C選項(xiàng)prescribed“給……開（藥）；規(guī)定”，prescribed(sb.)sth.(forsth.)“給……開（藥）治療……”；D選項(xiàng)floated“漂浮”。句意：醫(yī)生給我做了x光胸透，還給我______了藥。根據(jù)語境，這里指醫(yī)生給我開藥，C選項(xiàng)prescribed“給……開（藥）”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Ittookthisdisabledboyalongtimeto（）thefactthathewasnotqualifiedforadmissiontocollege.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.comeupwith

B.comedownwith

C.comeupto

D.cometotermswith

【答案】D

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)comeupwith“提出、想出”；B選項(xiàng)comedownwith“染上病、付錢”；C選項(xiàng)comeupto“達(dá)到、符合”；D選項(xiàng)cometotermswith“妥協(xié)、屈服”，句意為：這個(gè)殘疾的男孩過了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才接受了他沒有資格上大學(xué)的事實(shí)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意，因此選D。

17.翻譯題

SectionBChinesetoEnglishTranslation(20points)

Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

（41）“一帶一路