考研考博-英語-三亞學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-三亞學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Shewasdeliriouslastnight,butsheseemsquitelucidthismorning.

問題1選項

A.rational

B.peaceful

C.patient

D.insane

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她昨天晚上神志不清，但是今天早上看起來十分……。rational“理智的；清醒的”；peaceful“安靜的，平靜的”；patient“有耐心的”；insane“精神失常的”。根據(jù)“but”這個轉(zhuǎn)折連詞可知后半句與前半句的意思是相反的，所以劃線單詞lucid的意思是“清醒的”，選項A符合題意。

2.翻譯題

Translatethe.followingshortparagraphsintoEnglish

本世紀(jì)初，小麥簡直就是加拿大西部的命脈。小麥?zhǔn)粘珊?，?jīng)濟則繁榮；小麥歉收，經(jīng)濟則蕭條。城市中大街小巷的人們都在關(guān)注著小麥的收成和價格，這種心情就好像他們就是種植者一樣。小麥的市場行情成了人們的熱門話題。

戰(zhàn)爭使西部糧食市場發(fā)生了許多戲劇性的變化。多年以來，農(nóng)民們不信任在糧食交易所從事的糧食投機買賣。秋季的麥價一般都較低，但是農(nóng)民們等不到市場好轉(zhuǎn)。他們常常在小麥一收割后就賣掉，過后則眼睜睜看著小麥漲價，投機者從中發(fā)財。在各種時機，農(nóng)民團體曾多次要求政府對市場嚴(yán)加控制，但政府不想卷入其中，直到戰(zhàn)爭期間，麥價有失控的危險時，政府才介入。由于迫切需要控制通貨膨脹和生活費用上漲，聯(lián)邦政府設(shè)立了一個糧食監(jiān)督委員會來處理從1917年至1918年的糧食收繳工作。

【答案】Atthebeginningofthiscentury,wheatwasthelifelineofWestofCanada.Theeconomywouldprosperiftherewasagoodharvest,otherwisetheeconomywouldbedepressed.Peopleinurbanareasallpaidattentiontotheharvestandpriceofwheat,asiftheyweretheplanters.Andthemarketconditionofwheatbecameahottopic.

Warhasbroughtaboutnumerousdramaticchangesinwesterngrainmarket.Formanyyears,farmershaveneverbeentrustinggrainspeculationactivities.Generally,thepricewasrelativelylowinfall,however,theycouldnotwaitthehighprice.Theywouldsellwheatonceharvested,andcouldonlyseespeculatorsgaingreatbenefitfromtheincreasingofwheatprice.Duringvariousperiodsoftime,farmergroupshadrequiredthegovernmentstocarryoutstrictcontroluponthegrainmarket,butthegovernmentwouldn’twillingtointerveneuntilthepricewaslostcontrolduringthewar.Asitbecameurgenttocontrolinflationandlivingexpenses,theFederalgovernmentsetuptheGrainOversightCommitteetodealwiththebuyingandsellingofgrainduring1917to1918.

3.翻譯題

不要拋棄學(xué)問

有人說：“出去做事之后，生活問題急需解決，哪有工夫去讀書？即使要做學(xué)問，既沒有圖書館，又沒有實驗室，哪能做學(xué)問？”我要對你們說：凡是要等到有圖書館才能讀書，有了圖書館也不肯讀書；凡是等到有了實驗室方才做研究，有了實驗室也不肯做研究。你有了決心就研究一個問題，自然會節(jié)衣縮食去買書，自然會想出法子來設(shè)置儀器。至于時間，更不成問題。達爾文一生多病，不能多做工，每天只能做一點鐘的工作。你們看他的成績！每天花一點鐘看10頁有用的書，每年可看3600多頁，30年可讀11萬頁書，11萬頁書可以使你成為一個學(xué)者了。

【答案】NeverGiveupthePursuitofLearning

Somepeoplesay,“Onceyouhaveajob,you’llcomeupagainsttheurgentproblemofmakingaliving.Howcanyoumanagetofindtimetostudy?Evenifyouwantto,willitbepossiblewithnolibraryornolaboratoryavailable?”Nowletmetellyouthis.Thosewhorefusetostudyforlackofalibrarywillmostprobablycontinuetodosoeventhoughthereisalibrary.Andthosewhorefusetodoresearchforlackofalaboratorywillmostprobablycontinuetodosoeventhoughalaboratoryisavailable.Aslongasyousetyourmindonstudies,youwillnaturallycutdownonfoodandclothingtobuybooksordoeverythingpossibletoacquirenecessaryinstruments.Timeisnoobject.CharlesDarwincouldonlyworkonehouradayduetoillhealth.Yetwhataremarkablemanhewas!Ifyouspendonehouradayreading10pagesofabook,youcanfinishmorethan3600pagesayear,and110000pagesin30years.110000pageswillbequiteenoughtomakealearnedmanofman.

4.翻譯題

現(xiàn)代城市對人類的悲劇性影響在于它扼殺了人類的美感。一個富足社會的物質(zhì)利益使人們的注意力從城市和文化的底蘊轉(zhuǎn)移到科技產(chǎn)品上：洗衣機、中央供暖、自動炊具、電視機、電腦和尺寸形狀恰好的地毯。此時此刻，他們沉醉在民主、小康、有車開的幸福中，生活從來沒有這么好。

他們不愿意走路。統(tǒng)計表明：他們把從停車場到購物中心的距離設(shè)計得很短，由于沒有足夠的遠(yuǎn)離街道的停車設(shè)施，城市到處都是在馬路隨便?？康钠嚭屯＼囉媰r表。擁擠成為影響環(huán)境的主要因素，從統(tǒng)計中看出：每個家庭擁有兩輛車的狀況會使事情更糟。

同時，“地價”帶來的不僅是傷害，還有侮辱。土地的價值緣于它的用途，它的收入來自它提供的服務(wù)。當(dāng)它的用途被加強，它的收入和價值也就增加?！俺浞趾侠砝猛恋亍背蔀槌鞘邪l(fā)展主要經(jīng)濟標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這種投機的方法和人口增長帶來的壓力導(dǎo)致了城市的“垂直”上升，人們也不得不適應(yīng)這種擁擠來維持這些相對虛假的土地價值。荒謬的是試圖消除擁擠的良方就是創(chuàng)造更多的擁擠。

部分的分散，或者叫虛假的分散，在遠(yuǎn)離傳統(tǒng)市鎮(zhèn)中心的地方大片開發(fā)，只是把疾病轉(zhuǎn)移到市鎮(zhèn)的周邊。如果沒有和市鎮(zhèn)交通系統(tǒng)重建相結(jié)合起來的話，就無法治愈。對于這一點，鋪設(shè)復(fù)雜的十字路口的必要性強烈影響工程解決辦法，反過來，又被夸張的地價挫敗。

【答案】Thetragicinfluenceofmoderncitiesonhumanbeingsisthattheykillthebeautyofhumanbeings.Thematerialbenefitsofanaffluentsocietydivertattentionfromthecityanditsculturalheritagetotechnologicalproducts:washingmachines,centralheating,automaticcookers,televisions,computersandfloorcoveringsoftherightsizeandshape.Atthismoment,theyareintoxicatedindemocracy,well-off,carhappiness,lifehasneverbeensogood.

Theyareunwillingtowalk.Statisticsshowthattheyhavedesignedashortdistancefromtheparkinglottothecenterofshopping.Sincetherearenotenoughparkingfacilitiesfarawayfromthestreet,thecityisfullofcarsandparkingmetersrandomlyparkedonthestreet.Crowdinghasbecomeamajorfactorintheenvironment,andbyallaccounts,havingtwocarsperfamilymakesthingsworse.

Atthesametime,“l(fā)andprice”bringsnotonlyhurt,butalsoinsult.Landisvaluedforitsuse,anditsincomecomesfromtheservicesitprovides.Whenitsuseisstrengthened,itsincomeandvalueincrease.“Makefullandreasonableuseofland”becamethemaineconomicstandardofurbandevelopment.Thisspeculativeapproachandthepressuresofpopulationgrowthhaveledtoa“vertical”riseincities,andpeoplehavehadtoadapttothecrowdingtomaintaintheserelativelyfalselandvalues.Paradoxically,thebestwaytotrytoeliminatecongestionistocreatemore.

Partialdispersions,orfalsedispersions,developlargetractsoflandfarfromthetraditionaltowncenter,merelymovingdiseasetotheperipheryofthetown.Thereisnocureifitisnotcombinedwiththereconstructionofthetown’stransportsystem.Tothisend,thenecessityoflayingcomplexintersectionsstronglyinfluencesengineeringsolutions,whichinturnarefrustratedbyexaggeratedlandprices.

5.單選題

Manymoreeighteenth-centurynovelswerewrittenbywomenthanbymen,butthisdominancehas,untilveryrecently,beenregardedmerelyas（）fact,abitofarcaneknowledgenotedonlybybibliographers.

問題1選項

A.acontroversial

B.astatistical

C.anexplicit

D.anunimpeachable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項controversial“有爭議的；有爭論的”；B選項statistical“統(tǒng)計的；統(tǒng)計學(xué)的”；C選項explicit“明確的；清楚的；直率的；詳述的”；D選項unimpeachable“無可指責(zé)的；無可懷疑的；無懈可擊的；無過失的，無罪的”。句意：18世紀(jì)的小說中，女性的作品要比男性的多得多，但直到最近，這種主導(dǎo)地位一直被認(rèn)為只是一個統(tǒng)計事實，一種只有文獻學(xué)家才注意到的晦澀知識。因此B選項正確。

6.單選題

Thepersonwho（

）thistypeofresearchdeservesourpraise.

問題1選項

A.originated

B.manufactured

C.generated

D.estimated

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。originate“引起，創(chuàng)作”；manufacture“制造，加工”；generate“生成，使發(fā)生”；estimate“估計，判斷”。句意：發(fā)起這項研究的人值得贊揚。只有A項符合題意。

7.單選題

Aslongasnationscannotthemselvesaccumulateenoughphysicalpowertodominateallothers,theymustdependon（）.

問題1選項

A.allies

B.resources

C.freedom

D.education

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：只要國家本身不能積蓄足夠的力量來支配其他的人，他們就必須依賴于（）。

allies同盟國；resources資源，物力；freedom自由，自主；education教育。選項A“同盟國”符合句意。

8.單選題

In1957,adoctorinSingaporenoticedthathospitalsweretreatinganunusualnumberofinfluenza-likecases.Influenzaissometimescalled“flu”ora“badcold”.Hetooksamplesfromthethroatsofpatientsandinhishospitalhewasabletofindthevirusofthisinfluenza.

Therearethreemaintypesoftheinfluenzavirus.ThemostimportantofthesearetypeAandB,eachofthemhavingseveralsubgroups.WiththeinstrumentsatthehospitalthedoctorrecognizedthattheoutbreakwasduetoavirusingroupAbuthedidnotknowthesubgroup.ThenhereportedtheoutbreaktotheWorldHealthOrganizationinGeneva.A.W.H.O.publishedtheimportantnewsalongsidereportsofasimilaroutbreakinHongKongofChina,whereabout15%-20%ofthepopulationhadbecomeill.

AssoonastheLondondoctorsreceivedthepackageofthroatsamples,doctorsbeganthestandardtests.Theyfoundthatbyreproducingitselfwithveryhighspeed,thevirushadgrownmorethanamilliontimeswithintwodays.Continuingtheircarefultests,thedoctorscheckedtheeffectofdrugsagainstalltheknownsubgroupsofvirustypeA.A.Noneofthemgaveanyprotection.This,then,wassomethingnew,anewinfluenzavirus,againstwhichthepeopleoftheworldhadnohelpwhatever.

Havingfoundthevirustheywereworkingwith,thetwodoctorsnowdroppeditintothenosesofsomespeciallyselectedanimals,whichgetinfluenzaasmuchashumanbeingsdo.Inashorttimetheusualsignsofthediseaseappeared.D.Theseexperimentsprovedthatthenewviruswaseasytocatch,butthatitwasnotakiller.Scientists,likethegeneralpublic,callitsimplyAsianflu.

Thefirstdiscoveryofthevirus,however,wasmadeinmainlandChinabeforethediseasehadappearedinothercountries.VariousreportsshowedthattheinfluenzaoutbreakstartedinmainlandChina,probablyinFebruaryof1957.BythemiddleofMarchithadspreadalloverthemainland.D.TheviruswasfoundbyChinesedoctorsearlyinMarch.ButatthattimeChinawasnotamemberoftheWorldHealthOrganizationandthereforedidnotreportoutbreaksofdiseasetoit.Notuntiltwomonthslater,whentravelerscarriedthevirusintoHongKong,China,fromwhereitspreadtoSingapore,didthenewsoftheoutbreakreachtherestoftheworld.D.Bythistimeitwaswellstartedonitswayaroundtheworld.

Thereafter,WHO’sWeeklyReportsdescribedthesteadyspreadofthisgreatvirusoutbreak,whichwithinfourmonthssweptthrougheverycontinent.

1.TheoutbreakinHongKong,China,wasduetoavirusin

.

2.Whydidthetwodoctorsdropthefluintothenosesofanimals?

3.TheAsianfluvirus

.

4.Wherewastheflufirstfound?

5.Whendidthevirusreachtherestoftheworld?

問題1選項

A.anewsubgroupofGroupA

B.anoldsubgroupofGroupA

C.anewsubgroupofGroupB

D.anoldsubgroupofGroupB

問題2選項

A.Todecideonthevirusname

B.Toseehowitcanaffecttheanimals

C.Tofindthechannelofthevirusspread

D.Totestthespeedandeffectofvirusreproduction

問題3選項

A.wasakiller

B.wasveryweak

C.couldreproduceveryquickly

D.diedveryfast

問題4選項

A.InHongKong,China

B.InSingapore

C.InmainlandChina

D.Notmentioned

問題5選項

A.InFebruary

B.BeforeMarch

C.InApril

D.AfterMay

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第二段第三句話WiththeinstrumentsatthehospitalthedoctorrecognizedthattheoutbreakwasduetoavirusingroupAbuthedidnotknowthesubgroup可知選項A符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。文章第四段倒數(shù)第二句話提到在很短的時間內(nèi)，疾病的常見癥狀出現(xiàn)了。這些實驗證明，這種新病毒很容易感染，但它不是致命病毒（Inashorttimetheusualsignsofthediseaseappeared.Theseexperimentsprovedthatthenewviruswaseasytocatch,butthatitwasnotakiller），由此可知實驗是為了測試病毒的傳播和再生的速度。因此選項D符合題意。

3.判斷推理題。文章第四段提到醫(yī)生用動物來做實驗，發(fā)現(xiàn)這類病毒再生速度非常快（Inashorttimetheusualsignsofthediseaseappeared），由此可知選項C符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第五段第一句話提到這種病毒在其他國家出現(xiàn)之前，最早在中國大陸出現(xiàn)（Thefirstdiscoveryofthevirus,however,wasmadeinmainlandChinabeforethediseasehadappearedinothercountries），因此選項C符合題意。

5.判斷推理題。文章第五段提到這種病毒最早是在中國大陸出現(xiàn)，時間是大約1957年2月份，而被醫(yī)生發(fā)現(xiàn)是在三月份，兩個月后通過旅行者傳播到了中國香港，然后再傳染到新加坡，因此選項D符合題意。

9.單選題

Sometimes______toplacephysicsandchemistryintoseparatecategories.

問題1選項

A.thatisdifficult

B.isdifficult

C.itisdifficult

D.thatisdifficult

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定句型。句意：有時很難把物理和化學(xué)分成不同類別。Itisdifficulttodosth.意為“做某事很困難”，所以C選項itisdifficult符合題意。因此C選項正確。

10.單選題

InhistypicallyAmericanopenstyleofcommunication,Mr.HayesconfrontedIsabetaaboutnotlookingathim.Reluctantly,sheexplainedwhy.AsanewcomerfromMexico,shehadbeentaughttoavoideyecontactasamarkofrespecttoauthorityfigures,teachers,employers,parents.Mr.Hayesdidnotknowthis.HetheninformedherthatmostAmericasinterpretlackofeyecontactasdisrespectanddeviousness.Ultimately,heconvincedIsabelatotryandchangeherhabit,whichsheslowlydid.

PeoplefrommanyAsian,LatinAmerican,andCaribbeanculturesalsoavoideyecontactasasignofrespect.ManyAfricanAmericas,especiallyfromtheSouth,observethiscustom,too.Amaster’sthesisbySamuelAvoian,agraduatestudentatCentralMissouriStateUniversity,tellshowmisinterpretingeye-contactcustomscanhaveanegativeimpactwhenwhitefootballcoachesrecruitAfricanAmericanplayersfortheteams.

Hereportsthat,whenspeaking,whitecommunicatorsusuallylookawayfromthelistener,onlyperiodicallyglancingatthem.Theydotheopposite,whenlisteningtheyareexpectedtolookatthespeakerallthetime.

ManyAfricanAmericascommunicateinanoppositeway.Whenspeaking,theytendtoconstantlystareatthelistener;whenlistening,theymostlylookaway.Therefore,ifwhitesportsrecruitersarenotinformedaboutthesesignificantdifferences,theycanbemisledaboutinterestandattentivenesswheninterviewingprospectiveAfricanAmericanballplayers.

InmulticulturalAmerica,issuesofeyecontacthavebroughtaboutsocialconflictsoftwodifferentkindsinmanyurbancenters;non-KoreancustomersbecameangrywhenKoreanshopkeepersdidnotlookatthemdirectly.Thecustomerstranslatedthelackofeyecontactasasignofdisrespect,ahabitblamedforcontributingtotheopenconfrontationtakingplacebetweensomeAsiansandAfricanAmericasinNewYork,Texas,andCalifornia.ManyteacherstoohaveprovidedstoriesaboutclassroomconflictsbasedontheirmisunderstandingAsianandLatinAmericanchildren’lackofeyecontactasbeingdisrespectful.

Ontheotherhand,directeyecontacthasnowtakenonanewmeaningamongtheyoungergenerationandacrossethnicborders.Particularlyinurbancenters,whenoneteenagerlooksdirectlyatanother,thisisconsideredaprovocation,sometimescalledmad-dogging,andcanleadtophysicalconflict.

Mad-dogginghasbecomethesourceofmanycampusconflicts.Inonehighschool,itresultedinafightbetweenCambodiannewcomersandAfrican-Americanstudents.TheCambodianshadbeenstaringattheotherstudentsmerelytolearnhowAmericansbehave,yettheothersmisinterpretedtheCambodians'intentionsandthefightbegan.

Mad-doggingseemstobeconnectedwiththeavoidanceofeyecontactasasignofrespect.Thus,intheurbancontemporaryyouthscene,ifonelooksdirectlyatanother,thisdisrespects,or"disses"thatperson.Muchlikethearchaicphrase"Idemandsatisfaction”，whichbecametheoverturetoaduel,mad-doggingmaybecomeapreludetoaphysicalencounter.AttheentrancestoUniversalStudio’s"CityWalk"attractioninLosAngeles,theyhavepostedCodeofConductsigns.Thesecondrulewarnsagainst"physicallyoverballythreateninganyperson,fighting,annoyingothersthroughnoisyorboisterousactivitiesorbyunnecessarystaring..."

1.ManyAfricanAmericansfromtheSouth（

）.

2.Whenlisteningtotheothers,whitecommunicatorstendto

（

）.

3.ManycustomersinAmericancitiesareangrywithKoreanshopkeepersbecause（

）.

4.Mad-doggingrefersto

（

）.

5.Thearchaicphrase,"Idemandsatisfaction"（

）.

問題1選項

A.adoptatypicallyAmericanopenstyleofcommunication

B.oftenmisinterpretthemeaningofeyecontact

C.avoideyecontactasasignofrespect

D.aretaughttoavoideyecontactwhenevertellingtotheothers

問題2選項

A.lookatthespeakerallthetime

B.glanceatthespeakerperiodically

C.lookawayfromthespeaker

D.stareatthespeaker

問題3選項

A.Koreanshopkeepersdonotlookatthemdirectly

B.theyexpectamoreenthusiasticreflectionfromtheshopkeepers

C.therearesomesocialconflictsinmanyurbancenters

D.theyarenotinformedaboutdifferencebetweencultures

問題4選項

A.thesourceofmanycampusconflictsacrossethnicbordersinurbancenters

B.physicalconflictamongtheyoungergenerationinurbancenters

C.alackofeyecontactasasignofrespect

D.aprovocationfromoneteenagertoanotherofadifferentethnicbackground

問題5選項

A.wasconnectedwiththeavoidanceofeyecontact

B.oftenledtoafight

C.wasasignofdisrespect

D.oftenresultedinsomekindofmisinterpretation

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干詢問‘許多非洲裔美國人來自南方…?！傻诙沃械谝痪洹癙eoplefrommanyAsian,LatinAmerican,andCaribbeanculturesalsoavoideyecontactasasignofrespect.ManyAfricanAmericas,especiallyfromtheSouth,observethiscustom,too.很多亞洲、拉丁美洲和加勒比海文化的人也通過避開眼神來表示尊敬。很多非裔美國人，尤其是來自南部的那些人，也遵守這個風(fēng)俗?！贝_定C選項“避開眼神接觸作為尊敬的表示”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干詢問‘當(dāng)聽到別人說話時，白人交流者傾向于…’。由第三段第二句“Theydotheopposite,whenlisteningtheyareexpectedtolookatthespeakerallthetime.他們做的正好相反，當(dāng)他們在聽的時候，他們總是要看著說話的人?！贝_定A選項“一直看著講話者”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干詢問‘許多美國城市的顧客對韓國店主感到憤怒，因為…’。由第五段中第二句“non-KoreancustomersbecameangrywhenKoreanshopkeepersdidnotlookatthemdirectly.當(dāng)韓國人店主沒有直視他們時，非韓國顧客會變得生氣?！贝_定A選項“韓國人店主沒有直視他們”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干詢問‘Mad-dogging指的是…’。由倒數(shù)第四段第二句"Particularlyinurbancenters,whenoneteenagerlooksdirectlyatanother,thisisconsideredaprovocation,sometimescalledmad-dogging,andcanleadtophysicalconflict.尤其是在城市中心，當(dāng)一個青少年直視另一個青少年時，這被認(rèn)為是一種挑釁，有時被稱為“瘋狂跟蹤”，并可能導(dǎo)致身體沖突?！贝_定D選項“一個青少年對另外一位來自不同文化背景的青少年的一種挑釁”正確。

5.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘古老的短語“我要求滿足”…’。由倒數(shù)第二段第三句“Muchlikethearchaicphrase"Idemandsatisfaction",whichbecametheoverturetoaduel,mad-doggingmaybecomeapreludetoaphysicalencounter.就像古老的短語“我要求滿足”(Idemandsatisfaction)成為決斗的序曲一樣，冷眼盯著可能成為身體接觸的前奏。”確定B選項“經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致打架”正確。

11.單選題

Ahumanbeingisquite（

）creature,fortheglossofrationalitythatcovershisorhersenseoffearsand（

）isthinandofteneasilybreached.

問題1選項

A.afrail;insecurity

B.avaliant;phobias

C.anambitious;mortify

D.aludicrous;laughter

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞和名詞辨析。第一個空考查的是形容詞的辨析，frail“脆弱的，薄弱的，抵不住誘惑的”;valiant“勇敢的，有價值的”;ambitious“有野心的，有抱負(fù)的”；ludicrous“滑稽的，荒唐可笑的”；根據(jù)句尾的thinandofteneasilybreached推斷出第一個空應(yīng)該填frail;第二個空考查的是名詞辨析，insecurity“不安全，無保障”；phobias“憎惡；恐懼癥”；mortify“克制，抑制（肉體、情感等）”作動詞；laughter“笑，笑聲”；根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞thesenseof和句子的整體意思‘人類是一種極為脆弱的生物體，因為掩蓋著其恐懼感和不安全感的那層理性的外表是那么的薄弱，且常常易于破裂’可以推斷出此處應(yīng)該填insecurity,所以A選項正確。

12.不定項選擇題

Thedramacritic,ontheotherhand,hasnosuchadvantages.Hecannotbeselective;hemustcovereverythingthatisofferedforpublicscrutinyintheprincipalplayhousesofthecitywhereheworks.Thecolumnspacethatseemed,yesterday,sopitifullyinadequatetocontainhiscommentsonLongDay’sJourneyIntoNightisroughlythesameasthatwhichyawnstodayforhisverdictonthelatestscrapofmilk-fedKitschthathaschancedtofindforitselfanumskullbackerwithahundredthousanddollarstolost.ThisstateofaffairsmayhelptoexplainwhytheNewYorktheatrereviewersaresooften,andsounjustly,stigmatizedasbalefulanddestructivefiends.Theyspendmostoftheirprofessionallivesattemptingtopronounceintelligentjudgmentsonplaysthathavenoaspirationtointelligence.Itishardlysurprisingthattheylashoutoccasionally;infact,whatamazesmeaboutthemisthattheydonotlashoutmoreviolentlyandmorefrequently.AsShawsaidofhisfellow-criticsinthenineties,theyare“culpablyindulgentbodyofmen.”ImaginetheverbalexcoriationsthatwouldbeinflictedifLionelTilling,orsomeoneofcomparableeminence,werecalledontoreviewfivebooksamonthofwhichthreewerenovelettescomposedofcriminalconfessions.ThebutchersofBroadwaywouldseemlambsbycomparison.

14.Inwritingthispassage,theauthor’schiefpurposeseemstobe（）.

15.Thepassageindicatesthatthedramacriticis（）.

16.ThepassagesuggeststhatasaplayLongDay’sJourneyIntoNightwas（）.

17.Asusedinthepassage,theword“excoriations”mostnearlymeans（）.

18.LionelTillingismostprobablya（）.

19.The“butchersofBroadway”are（）.

20.Theparagraphprevioustothisonemostprobablydiscussedthe（）.

問題1選項

A.showwhybookreviewingiseasierthanplayreviewing

B.pointuptheopinionsofShaw

C.shownewtrendsinliterarycriticism

D.defendtheworkoftheplaycritic

問題2選項

A.conditionedbycertainrequirementsofhiscolumn

B.happytoobligethebackersofplays

C.mindfulofthevalueofpublicopinion

D.suspiciousofcriticismdirectedagainsthim

問題3選項

A.inconsequential

B.worthwhile

C.poorlywritten

D.long

問題4選項

A.attacks

B.explanations

C.praises

D.pronouncements

問題5選項

A.followerofShaw

B.dramacritic

C.bookreviewer

D.crimereporter

問題6選項

A.newspapereditors

B.playbackers

C.ineffectiveauthors

D.playreviewers

問題7選項

A.workofabookreviewer

B.characteristicsofthereadingpublic

C.advantagesofbeingadramacritic

D.costsofplayproduction

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:A

【解析】14.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】作者意圖題。根據(jù)文章首句，可得知戲劇評論家則沒有這樣的優(yōu)勢，他不可能有選擇性，以及原文Theyspendmostoftheirprofessionallivesattemptingtopronounceintelligentjudgmentsonplaysthathavenoaspirationtointelligence.Itishardlysurprisingthattheylashoutoccasionally;infact,whatamazesmeaboutthemisthattheydonotlashoutmoreviolentlyandmorefrequently.（他們將職業(yè)生涯的大部分時間用于明智地評判不太明智的戲劇，他們偶爾破口大罵就不足為怪了。實際上，他們讓我感到奇怪的是，他們罵得不夠激烈，不夠頻繁）很明顯，這是在為評論家辯護。A選項“表明為什么書評比戲劇評論容易”，B選項“指出蕭伯納的觀點”，C選項“展示文學(xué)批評的新趨勢”，都太過片面，所以A，B，C選項錯誤，因此，D選項“為戲劇評論家這個工作辯護”符合題意。

15.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】根據(jù)題干定位到原文首段第二句，可知戲劇評論家受篇幅的制約。A選項“受到他的專欄的某些要求的制約”，B選項“很高興能幫助這些戲劇的支持者”，C選項“注意公眾輿論的價值”，D選項“懷疑針對他的批評”。因此，A選項符合題意。

16.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文首段的第三句Thecolumnspacethatseemed,yesterday,sopitifullyinadequatetocontainhiscommentsonLongDay’sJourneyIntoNightisroughlythesameasthatwhichyawnstodayforhisverdictonthelatestscrapofmilk-fedKitschthathaschancedtofindforitselfanumskullbackerwithahundredthousanddollarstolost.（他對《日夜兼程》的評論是如此不恰當(dāng)，令人遺憾，就像今天他對最近一個奶嘴喂養(yǎng)的媚俗派的判決一樣，這個媚俗派碰巧給自己找到了一個笨蛋贊助人，損失了10萬美元）暗示了如果不是由于篇幅的限制，戲劇評論家會評論得更充分一些，這就說明《日夜兼程》是值得的，可知選擇B選項“有價值的”，A選項“無關(guān)緊要的”，C選項“寫得很差”，D選項“冗長的”。因此，B選項符合題意。

17.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語義推測題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文的倒數(shù)第三句AsShawsaidofhisfellow-criticsinthenineties,theyare“culpablyindulgentbodyofmen.”ImaginetheverbalexcoriationsthatwouldbeinflictedifLionelTilling,orsomeoneofcomparableeminence,werecalledontoreviewfivebooksamonthofwhichthreewerenovelettescomposedofcriminalconfessions.（蕭伯納在談到他90年代的評論家同僚時說他們是“罪有應(yīng)得的放縱之人。”想象一下，如果萊昂內(nèi)爾?蒂林或其他有同等聲望的人每月被要求評論五本書，其中三本是由犯罪供詞組成的中篇小說……），根據(jù)罪有應(yīng)得的放縱之人，可知會受到口頭的譴責(zé)，因此，A選項“抨擊”符合題意。

18.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文倒數(shù)第二句ImaginetheverbalexcoriationsthatwouldbeinflictedifLionelTilling,orsomeoneofcomparableeminence,werecalledontoreviewfivebooksamonthofwhichthreewerenovelettescomposedofcriminalconfessions.（想象一下，如果萊昂內(nèi)爾?蒂林或其他有同等聲望的人每月被要求評論五本書，其中三本是由犯罪供詞組成的中篇小說，會遭到怎樣的口頭譴責(zé)。）可得知萊昂內(nèi)爾?蒂林受人邀請評論書籍，那么他很可能是一位書評家。因此，C選項“書評家”符合題意。

19.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】語義推測題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文最后一句ThebutchersofBroadwaywouldseemlambsbycomparison.（相比之下，百老匯的屠夫就像是羔羊）這句話的前面是有提到書評家，而百老匯是美國戲劇藝術(shù)的活動中心，由此可知百老匯的屠夫也就是說的戲劇評論家，因此，D選項“戲劇評論家”符合題意。

20.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。這個自然段前面的一個自然段很可能論述書評家的工作。根據(jù)第一句話，Thedramacritic,ontheotherhand,hasnosuchadvantages.（而戲劇評論家則沒有這樣的優(yōu)勢）可知作者改變了他的話題，因為他運用了ontheotherhand（另一方面）這個詞組。與戲劇評論相對應(yīng)的很可能是書評，而且文章結(jié)尾處把書評家和戲劇評論家進行了比較。因此，A選項“書評家的工作”符合題意。

13.單選題

The（

）preventsthepeopleinthetwoneighboringnationsfromlivinginpeace.

問題1選項

A.brevity

B.amenity

C.enmity

D.fidelity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。brevity“簡潔”；amenity“舒適，愉悅”；enmity“敵意，憎恨”；fidelity“忠誠”。題干中提到有一種東西會阻止兩鄰國友好相處，這種東西很明顯是enmity，選項C符合題意。

14.單選題

Althoughthegovernmentstillenjoysahighlevelofpublicsupport,thecrimeproblemhasstirredpolit?ical_______andsuspicions.

問題1選項

A.substance

B.antagonisms

C.dimension

D.possession

【答案】B

【解析】substance物質(zhì),實質(zhì);antagonism對抗,敵意;dimension尺寸;possession擁有。句意：雖然政府仍然享有很高的公眾支持,但犯罪問題已經(jīng)引發(fā)了對抗對立和猜疑。選項B符合句意。

15.單選題

Thegirlswantedtohelp（）maketheircostumesfortheplay.

問題1選項

A.all

B.eachtheother

C.eachother

D.onetheother

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項all“全部”；B選項eachtheother“每一個其他的”；C選項eachother“彼此，互相”；D選項onetheother“一個另一個”。句意：女孩們想幫助……制作她們的戲服。根據(jù)句意可推測，女孩們是想互相幫助，可知選項C正確。

16.單選題

Theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.ButGregoryCochranis（1）tosayitanyway.Heisthat

（2）

bird,ascientistwhoworksindependently

（3）

anyinstitution.Hehelpedpopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnot

（4）thoughttohaveabacterialcausewereactuallyinfections,whicharousedmuchcontroversywhenitwasfirstsuggested.

Evenhe,however,mighttrembleatthe

（5）

ofwhatheisabouttodo.Togetherwithanothertwoscientists,heispublishingapaperwhichnotonly

（6）

thatonegroupofhumanityismoreintelligentthantheothers,butexplainstheprocessthathasbroughtthisabout.Thegroupin

（7）

areaparticularpeopleoriginatedfromcentralEurope.Theprocessisnaturalselection.

ThisgroupgenerallydowellinIQtest,scoring12-15pointsabovethe

（8）

valueof100,andhavecontributeddisproportionatelytotheintellectualandculturallifeoftheWest,asthe

（9）

oftheirelites,includingseveralworld-renownedscientists,affirmtheyalsosuffermoreoftenthanmostpeoplefromanumberofnastygeneticdiseases,suchasbreastcancer.Thesefacts,

（10）

havepreviouslybeenthoughtunrelated.Theformerhasbeen

（11）

socialeffects,suchasastrongtraditionofvaluingeducation.Thelatterwasseenasa(n)

（12）

ofgeneticisolation.Dr.Cochransuggeststhattheintelligenceanddiseasesareintimately（13）

.Hisargumentisthattheunusualhistoryofthesepeoplehas

（14）

themtouniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresultedinthis

（15）

stateofaffairs.

問題1選項

A.selected

B.prepared

C.obliged

D.pleased

問題2選項

A.unique

B.particular

C.special

D.rare

問題3選項

A.of

B.with

C.in

D.against

問題4選項

A.subsequently

B.presently

C.previously

D.lately

問題5選項

A.thought

B.sight

C.cost

D.risk

問題6選項

A.advises

B.suggests

C.protests

D.objects

問題7選項

A.progress

B.fact

C.need

D.question

問題8選項

A.normal

B.common

C.mean

D.total

問題9選項

A.missions

B.fortunes

C.interests

D.careers

問題10選項

A.moreover

B.therefore

C.however

D.meanwhile

問題11選項

A.givenup

B.gotover

C.carriedon

D.getdown

問題12選項

A.development

B.origin

C.consequence

D.instrument

問題13選項

A.linked

B.integrated

C.woven

D.combined

問題14選項

A.limited

B.subjected

C.converted

D.directed

問題15選項

A.paradoxical

B.incompatible

C.inevitable

D.continuous

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:C

第11題:C

第12題:C

第13題:A

第14題:B

第15題:A

【解析】第1題:考查固定搭配?？崭裉幥懊嬉痪涮岬健坝行┤丝赡鼙绕渌寺斆?，這種觀點是一種不敢冠之以名的假設(shè)”，由“but”這個轉(zhuǎn)折詞可知GregoryCochran打算就這個觀點闡述自己的道理，bepreparedto是固定搭配，意思是“準(zhǔn)備做……”，選項B符合題意。

第2題:考查固定搭配。Rarebird是固定搭配，意思是“稀有之人或物”。根據(jù)后文“ascientistwhoworksindependently”（一個獨自工作的科學(xué)家），可知選項D符合題意。

第3題:考查固定搭配。Independentlyofsth.的意思是“獨立于……之外”。選項A符合題意。

第4題:考查副詞詞義辨析。subsequently“隨后，后來”；presently“目前；不久”；previously“先前，以前”；lately“最近，近來”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵核麕椭占傲艘环N觀點，即以前被認(rèn)為不是由細(xì)菌引起的疾病實際上是感染，這在最初提出來的時候受到很大爭議。選項C符合題意。

第5題:考查詞組辨析。atthethoughtof“一想到……”；atthesightof“一看見……”；atthecostof“以……為代價”；attheriskof“冒著……的危險”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵喝欢词故撬?，在想到他接下來要做