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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海科學(xué)技術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Foramomenthewasspeechless,stilltooastonishedto(

)whatitallmeant,andthenhesatheavilyandleanedforward,puttinghishanddownonthesummonsbutton.

問題1選項

A.breakdown

B.searchfor

C.takein

D.seeafter

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。breakdown“分解,故障”;searchfor“搜尋”;takein“吸收,領(lǐng)會”;seeafter“照顧,照料”。句意為:他一時說不出話來,仍十分驚訝,不知這一切意味著什么。他心事重重地坐了下來,身子向前傾斜,將手放在傳喚按鈕上。選項C符合句意。

2.單選題

ThismonthSingaporepassedabillthatwouldgivelegalteethtothemoralobligationtosupportone'sparents.CalledtheMaintenanceofParentsBill,itreceivedthebackingoftheSingaporeGovernment.

Thatdoesnotmeanithasn'tgenerateddiscussion.SeveralmembersoftheParliamentopposedthemeasureasun-Asian.Otherswhoacknowledgedtheproblemoftheelderlypoorbelieveditisaproportionateresponse.Stillothersbelieveitwillsubvertrelationswithinthefamily:cynicsdubbeditthe“SueYourSon”law.

Thosewhosaythatthebilldoesnotpromotefilialresponsibility,ofcourse,areright.Ithasnothingtodowithfilialresponsibility.Itkicksinwherefilialresponsibilityfails.Thelawcannotlegislatefilialresponsibilityanymorethanitcanlegislatelove.Allthelawcandoistoprovideasafetynetwherethismoralityprovesinsufficient.Singaporeneedsthisbillnottoreplacemorality,buttoprovideincentivestoshoreitup.

Likemanyotherdevelopednations,Singaporefacestheproblemsofanincreasingproportionofpeopleover60yearsofage.Demographyisinexorable.In1980,7.2%ofthepopulationwasinthisbracket.Attheturnofthecenturythatfiguregrewto11%.By2030,theproportionisprojectedtobe26%.Theproblemisnotoldageperse.Itisthattheratioofeconomicallyactivepeopletoeconomicallyinactivepeoplewilldecline.

Butnoamountofgovernmentexhortationorpaternalismwillcompletelyeliminatetheproblemofoldpeoplewhohaveinsufficientmeanstomakeendsmeet.Somepeoplewillfallthroughtheholesinanysafetynet.

Traditionally,aperson’sinsuranceagainstpovertyinhisoldagewashisfamily.Thisisnotarevolutionaryconcept.NorisituniquelyAsian.Careandsupportforone’sparentsisauniversalvaluesharedbyallcivilizedsocieties.

TheprobleminSingaporeisthatthemoralobligationtolookafterone’sparentsisunenforceable.Afathercanbecompelledbylawtomaintainhischildren.Ahusbandcanbeforcedtosupporthiswife.But,untilnow,asonordaughterhadnolegalobligationtosupporthisorherparents.

In1989,anAdvisoryCouncilwassetuptolookintotheproblemsoftheaged.Itsreportstatedwithatingeofcomplacencythat95%ofthosewhodidnothavetheirownincomewerereceivingcashcontributionsfromrelations.Butwhataboutthe5%whoaren'tgettingrelatives'support?Theyhaveseveraloptions:(a)getajobandworkuntiltheydie;(b)applyforpublicassistance(youhavetobedestitutetoapply);or(c)starvequietly.Noneoftheseoptionsissociallyacceptable.Andwhatifthis5%figuregrows,asitislikelytodo,associetyages?

TheMaintenanceofParentsBillwasputforthtoencouragethetraditionalvirtuesthathavesofarkeptAsiannationsfromsomeofthebreakdownsencounteredinotheraffluentsocieties.Thislegislationwillallowapersontoapplytothecourtformaintenancefromanyorallofhischildren.Thecourtwouldhavethediscretiontorefusetomakeanorderifitis

unjust.

Thosewhoderidetheproposalforopeningupthecourtstofamilylawsuitsmissthepoint.Onlyinextremecaseswouldanyparenttakehischildtocourt.Ifitdoesindeedbecomelaw:thebill’seffectwouldbefarmoresubtle.

1.TheMaintenanceofParentsBill(

).

2.Byquotingthegrowingpercentagepointsoftheagedinthepopulation,theauthorseemstoimplythat

).

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

4.Theauthorseemstosuggestthattraditionalvalues

).

5.TheauthorthinksthatiftheBillbecomeslaw,itseffectwouldbe(

).

問題1選項

A.receivedunanimoussupportintileSingaporeParliament

B.wasbelievedtosolvealltheproblemsoftheelderlypoor

C.wasintendedtosubstitutefortraditionalvaluesinSingapore

D.waspassedtomaketheyoungmoreresponsibletotheold

問題2選項

A.thecountrywillfacemountingproblemsoftheoldinfuture

B.thesocialwelfaresystemwouldbeundergreatpressure

C.youngpeopleshouldbegivenmoremoraleducation

D.theoldshouldbeprovidedwithmeansoflivelihood

問題3選項

A.FilialresponsibilityinSingaporeisenforcedbylaw.

B.Fathershavelegalobligationstolookaftertheirchildren.

C.Itisanacceptablepracticefortheoldtocontinueworking.

D.TheAdvisoryCouncilwasdissatisfiedwiththeproblemsoftheold.

問題4選項

A.playaninsignificantroleinsolvingsocialproblems

B.arehelpfultotheelderlywhentheysuetheirchildren

C.areveryimportantinpreservingAsianuniqueness

D.aresignificantinhelpingtheBillgetapproved

問題5選項

A.indirect

B.unnoticed

C.apparent

D.contradictory

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)本文第一句內(nèi)容"ThismonthSingaporepassedabillthatwouldgivelegalteethtothemoralobligationtosupportone’sparents.”可知雖說新法受到了新加坡政府的支持,但是在第二段中說了議會中有些成員反對此法,所以A選項‘得到了新加坡議會的一致支持’錯誤。作者雖然介紹了此法的一些作用,但并沒有說新法將會解決貧窮老人所有的問題,所以B選項‘被認(rèn)為是解決所有貧困老人的問題’錯誤。由本文倒數(shù)第二段看出新法不僅不會取代新加坡的傳統(tǒng)價值觀,反而會在保持傳統(tǒng)美德方面起重要作用,所以C選項‘是為了取代新加坡的傳統(tǒng)價值觀’錯誤。運用排除法確定只有D選項“新法能讓年輕人對自己的父母更負(fù)責(zé)任”正確。

2.推理判斷題。作者通過新加坡老齡人口比率的迅速增長來暗示這個國家將會面臨很多由人口老齡化帶來的問題。而第四段最后一句“Itisthattheratioofeconomicallyactivepeopletoeconomicallyinactivepeoplewilldecline.經(jīng)濟(jì)活躍人口與經(jīng)濟(jì)不活躍人口的比例將會下降?!北砻鲉栴}已經(jīng)是經(jīng)濟(jì)上的問題了,所以A選項‘這個國家未來將面臨越來越多的老年人問題’正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)本文第七段第二句內(nèi)容“Afathercanbecompelledbylawtomaintainhischildren.法律可以強(qiáng)迫父親撫養(yǎng)孩子?!贝_定B選項‘父親有照顧孩子的法律義務(wù)?!_。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)本文倒數(shù)第二段第一句話“TheMaintenanceofParentsBillwasputforthtoencouragethetraditionalvirtuesthathavesofarkeptAsiannationsfromsomeofthebreakdownsencounteredinotheraffluentsocieties.《贍養(yǎng)父母法案》的提出是為了鼓勵傳統(tǒng)美德,這些美德迄今使亞洲國家避免了其他富裕社會所遭遇的一些崩潰?!贝_定作者認(rèn)為傳統(tǒng)美德會保持亞洲的獨特性,所以C選項‘保持亞洲的獨特性很重要’正確。

5.推理判斷題。題目的意思是‘作者認(rèn)為,如果該法案成為法律,其效果將是….’文章最后說“Onlyinextremecaseswouldanyparenttakehischildtocourt.只有在極端情況下,父母才會把孩子告上法庭?!痹诮酉聛淼膸锥卫铮髡咧v到贍養(yǎng)父母是個人的責(zé)任,并非社會的責(zé)任。而有些人礙于情面,不得不重新考慮贍養(yǎng)父母的問題。因此該議案起到了間接的作用。A選項‘間接的’正確。B選項unnoticed表示“被忽視的”;C選項apparent表示“明顯的”;D選項contradictory表示“矛盾的”。

3.單選題

I’msureyou’llagreethatwhenapersonisasambitiousasLiFei,noonecanstophimtoachievehiscareerobjectives.

問題1選項

A.you’llagreethat

B.whenaperson

C.can

D.toachieve

E.沒有問題

【答案】D

【解析】固定短語誤用。toachieve改為fromachieving。stopsb.todosth.讓某人停下來去做另一件事。stopsb.fromdoing阻止某人做某事。這里表示"阻止他實現(xiàn)職業(yè)目標(biāo)"。

4.單選題

Corntariffs,whichthediplomathaddismissedas______issue,turnedouttobepertinentand______inthenegotiationsforanewtradeagreement.

問題1選項

A.anapt…pusillanimous

B.anaberrant...indomitable

C.atangential…trenchant

D.aningenious…acclaimed

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.anapt…pusillanimous恰當(dāng)?shù)?,靈敏的……膽怯的,懦弱的B.anaberrant...indomitable違反常規(guī)的,反常的……不屈不撓的

C.atangential…trenchant切線的,離題的……尖刻的,苛刻的D.aningenious…acclaimed有獨創(chuàng)性的,機(jī)靈的……受到贊揚的

【答案】B

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子意思“玉米關(guān)稅曾被這位外交官斥為______事情,現(xiàn)在在新貿(mào)易協(xié)定的談判中被證明是有意義的和______”可知,玉米關(guān)稅現(xiàn)在被證明是有意義的,說明之前被認(rèn)為是“不合常理的”,第一個空格填入anaberrant符合句意;第二個空格與pertinent為并列成分,可知第二個空格表示積極的意義,綜合理解可知該題選擇B項最恰當(dāng)。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】玉米關(guān)稅曾被這位外交官斥為一件違反常規(guī)的事情,現(xiàn)在在新貿(mào)易協(xié)定的談判中被證明是有意義的、不可動搖的。

5.翻譯題

Directions:Translatethefollowing5underlinedpartsfromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

Governmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledependslargelyontheeconomicstrengthandwealthofthecommunity.(1)Undermodernconditions,thisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.(2)Furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.Italsomeansthatgovernmentsareincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthesesectorsinordertostepupproductionandensurethatitisutilizedtothebestadvantage.Forexample,theymayencourageresearchinvariousways,includingthesettingupoftheirownresearchcenters;theymayalterthestructureofeducation,orinterfereinordertoreducethewastageofnaturalresourcesfortapresourceshithertounexploited;ortheymayco-operatedirectlyinthegrowingnumberofinternationalprojectsrelatedtoscience,economicsandindustry.Inanycase,allsuchinterventionsareheavilydependentonscientificadviceandalsoscientificandtechnologicalmanpowerofallkinds.

(3)Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmass-communications,peopleeverywherearefeelingnewwantsandarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas,whilegovernmentsareoftenforcedtointroducestillfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.Atthesametime,thenormalrateofsocialchangethroughouttheworldistakingplaceatavastlyacceleratedspeedcomparedwiththepast.Forexample,(4)intheearlyindustrializedcountriesofEuropetheprocessofindustrialization—withallthefar-reachingchangesinsocialpatternsthatfollowed—wasspreadovernearlyacentury,whereasnowadaysadevelopingnationmayundergothesameprocessinadecadeorso.Allthishastheeffectofbuildingupunusualpressuresandtensionswithinthecommunityandconsequentlypresentsseriousproblemsforthegovernmentsconcerned.(5)Additionalsocialstressesmayalsooccurbecauseofthepopulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigrationmovements—themselvesmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodernmeansoftransport.Asaresultofallthesefactors,governmentarebecomingincreasinglydependentonbiologistsandsocialscientistsforplanningtheappropriateprogramsandputtingthemintoeffect.

【答案】(1)在現(xiàn)代條件下,這需要各種集中控制的措施,因此需要諸如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和運籌學(xué)專家等專業(yè)科學(xué)家的幫助。

(2)此外,顯而易見,一個國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)實力與其農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)的效率直接相關(guān),而這又取決于各種科學(xué)家和技術(shù)人員的努力。

(3)由于大眾通訊的顯著發(fā)展,世界各地的人們都有了新的需求,接觸到新的習(xí)俗和思想,由于上述原因,政府常常不得不引入進(jìn)一步的創(chuàng)新。

(4)在早期實現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的歐洲國家中,其工業(yè)化進(jìn)程以及隨之而來的各種意義深遠(yuǎn)的社會形態(tài)變化持續(xù)了近一個世紀(jì),而如今一個發(fā)展中國家可以在十年左右完成同樣的進(jìn)程。

(5)由于人口激增或大規(guī)模人口遷移(現(xiàn)代交通工具使人口大規(guī)模遷移變得相對容易)引發(fā)的種種問題也會對社會造成新的壓力。

6.單選題

Thoughtherearehundredsoftestpapers,Icanpickhisoutwithouthesitation,forhishandwritingisquite().

問題1選項

A.manifest

B.separate

C.distinct

D.obvious

【答案】C

【解析】句意:盡管有好幾百張試卷,但我可以毫不猶豫地找出他的試卷,因為他的筆跡很獨特。選項C符合語境。

7.單選題

Isupportyourdecision,butIshouldalsomakeitclearthatIamnotgoingtobe______toit.

問題1選項

A.connected

B.fastened

C.bound

D.stuck

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項connected“連接;聯(lián)合;關(guān)聯(lián);鏈接”;B選項fastened“使固定;集中于;扎牢;強(qiáng)加于;扣緊;抓住;集中注意力”;C選項bound“跳躍著跑;彈回,彈開;形成……的邊界;關(guān),圍入;限制,束縛”;D選項stuck“刺,戳;伸出;粘貼;堅持;伸出;粘住”。句意:我支持你的決定,但是我得說明,我不打算受它約束。因此C選項正確。

8.單選題

Weare()totheidea,butwedoubtwhetherthetimeisripetoputitintoforce.

問題1選項

A.equal

B.adequate

C.considerate

D.sympathetic

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。beequalto等于,相當(dāng)于;beadequateto勝任,適合;beconsiderateto對……體貼;besympatheticto贊成。句意:我們贊同這一想法,但我們懷疑實施這一想法的時機(jī)是否成熟。選項D符合句意。

9.單選題

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項

A.Itisacollectionofphotos.

B.Itisanintroductiontomusic.

C.ItisaboutthecityofBruges.

D.ItisabookofEuropeanhistory.

問題2選項

A.WhenwritingaboutBelgium’scoastalregions.

B.Whentakingpicturesforaconcertcatalogue.

C.WhenvacationinginanItaliancoastalcity.

D.WhenpaintingtheconcerthallofBruges.

問題3選項

A.TherichheritageofEuropewillbelostcompletely.

B.TheseawaterofEuropewillbeseriouslypolluted.

C.TheentireEuropeancoastlinewillbesubmerged.

D.ThemajorEuropeanscenicspotswilldisappear.

問題4選項

A.Touristsusewoodenpathstoreachtheirhotelsinthemorning.

B.Itattractslargenumbersoftouristsfromhomeandabroad.

C.Peoplecannotgetaroundwithoutusingboats.

D.Itswaterwaysarebeingincreasinglypolluted.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】ConversationTwo

W:Mr.DeKeyzer,I’magreatloverofyourbookMomentsBeforetheFlood.Canyoutellushowyoufirstbecameinterestedinthissubjectmatter?

M:In2006,[6]whentheconcerthallofthecityofBrugesaskedmetotakesomepicturesforacatalogueforanewconcertseasonaroundthethemeofwater,IfoundmyselfworkingalongtheBelgiancoastline.Astherehadbeennumerousalarmingarticlesinthepressaboutaclimatecatastrophewaitingtohappen,Istartedlookingattheseaandthebeachverydifferently,aplacewhereIspentsomanyperfectdaysasachild.Thisfearofaloomingdangerbecame[5]thesubjectofalarge-scalephotoproject.

W:[5]Youwroteinthebook,“Idon’twanttophotographthedisaster;Iwanttophotographthedisasterwaitingtohappen.”Canyoutalkabitaboutthat?

M:[7]Itisclearnowthatit’samatteroftimebeforetheentireEuropeancoastlinedisappearsunderwater.Thesamegoesfornumerousbigcitiesaroundtheworld.Myideawastophotographthisbeautifulandveryuniquecoastline,richinhistory,beforeit’stoolate—asalastwitness.

W:Canyoutalkabitabouthowhistoryplaysaroleinthisproject?

M:Sure.TheprojectisalsoaboutthehistoryofEuropelookingattheseaandwonderingwhenthenextenemywouldappear.Intheimages,youseeallkindsofpossibledefenseconstructionstoholdbacktheRomans,Germans,Vikings,andnownatureasenemynumberone.Forexample,thereistheimageofthebridgeintotheseatakenattheNormandyD-Daylandingsite.Also,Venice,thecityeternallythreatenedbythesea,[8]whereeverymorningwoodenpathwayshavetobesetuptoallowtouriststoreachtheirhotels.

W:Thankyou,Mr.DeKeyzer.Itwasapleasuretohaveyouwithustoday.

5.WhatdoesthemansayaboutthebookMomentsBeforetheFlood?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于《洪水來臨前》這本書,男士說了什么?錄音開頭,男士提到他受邀為新一季音樂會拍攝以水為主題的照片時恰巧在海邊工作,因有感于如此美麗的海灘日后有可能因氣候災(zāi)難而消失于水下,便將這種對潛在危險的恐懼作為一個大型攝影項目的主題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息thesubjectofalarge-scalephotoproject(一個大型攝影項目的主題)可知,男士認(rèn)為MomentsBeforetheFlood是一本照片集,因此A選項正確。B選項“它是一本介紹音樂的書”和C選項“它是一本關(guān)于布魯日市的書”只是利用個別詞來設(shè)置干擾,與題干不相干,因此排除;D選項“一本講述歐洲歷史的書”,錄音最后雖然提及歐洲的歷史,但歐洲歷史只是其中的一部分內(nèi)容,并不是完全講述歐洲歷史,因此D選項表述不準(zhǔn)確。

6.Whendidthemangethisideaforthework?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問男士是什么時候想到開始這個工作的?錄音開頭,女士便詢問男士一開始是怎樣對這一主題感興趣的。男士回答當(dāng)時布魯日市的音樂廳要求他為新一季音樂會拍攝一系列以水為主題的照片,B選項“那時為音樂會拍攝一系列照片”是對錄音原文的概括,因此正確。A選項“寫關(guān)于比利時沿海地區(qū)的文章”,錄音只是提及男士受邀為音樂會拍攝照片時,他正好在比利時沿海地區(qū)工作,因此A選項不正確;C選項“那時在意大利沿海城市度假”在錄音中并沒有提及;D選項“那時為布魯日音樂廳繪畫”主要錯在painting一詞,與原文表述的takesomepictures不符,因此可排除。

7.Whatwillhappenwhentheclimatecatastropheoccurs?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問當(dāng)氣候災(zāi)難發(fā)生時,會發(fā)生什么?錄音開頭,女士請男士就書中的一句話進(jìn)行解釋:“我不想拍攝日后的災(zāi)難情景,我只想在災(zāi)難來臨前拍下最后的美好”。男士回答道,現(xiàn)在很清楚的是,整個歐洲海岸線消失在水下只是個時間問題。C選項中的besubmerged是錄音中disappearsunderwater的同義替換,因此C選項“整個歐洲海岸將會被淹沒”正確。A選項“歐洲豐富的文化遺產(chǎn)將會完全失去”;B選項“歐洲的海水將會被嚴(yán)重污染”和D選項“主要的歐洲景點將會消失”在錄音中均沒有信息提及,因此可排除。

8.WhatdoesthemansayaboutVenice?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于威尼斯,男士說了什么?男士最后提及,威尼斯這個城市一直都被海水威脅著,每天早上游客都要踏著搭建好的木板小道到達(dá)自己的旅店。A選項“早上游客們通過木制的小路到達(dá)旅館”與錄音原文表述相符,因此正確。B選項“吸引了大批來自國內(nèi)外的游客”;C選項“人們沒有船就不能四處走動”和D選項“水道日益受到污染”在錄音中均沒有信息提及,因此可排除。

10.單選題

Theyareevidencethata(

)ofevolutionaryexperimentationwasgoingonatthetime,outofwhichthehumanlineagesomehowemerged.

問題1選項

A.ferment

B.glamour

C.jubilation

D.fragment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。ferment“發(fā)酵;動亂”;glamour“魅力;迷人的美”;jubilation“喜歡;慶祝;歡呼”;fragment“碎片”。句意:它們是那個動亂時候進(jìn)化實驗蓬勃發(fā)展期的證據(jù),由于某種未知的原因,人類從中開始出現(xiàn)。Outofwhich中which指代空格處的內(nèi)容,分析題干意思知A項符合。

11.單選題

Theterroristskidnappedthedirectorofthecompanyanddemandedalargesumsofmoneyforhis().

問題1選項

A.liberty

B.relief

C.relaxation

D.release

【答案】D

【解析】上下文語義。句意:恐怖分子綁架了這家公司的經(jīng)理,要求得到一大筆錢才會釋放他。選項D符合句意。

12.單選題

Inthenewcabinet’budget,aproportionof3percentisfixedforthefeedingand(

)ofthosebelowthepovertyline.

問題1選項

A.unemployment

B.dwelling

C.exploitation

D.evolving

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。unemployment“失業(yè)”;dwelling“住處,寓所”;exploitation“開發(fā),開采,剝削”;evolving“演變,進(jìn)化”。

句意:在新內(nèi)閣的預(yù)算中,3%的預(yù)算用于為那些在貧困線以下的人提供食物和住處。選項B符合題意。

13.寫作題

Directions:Mr.Liu,45yearsold,isoneofyourfriendsandhaspassedthePhDentranceexaminationrecently,andyou’vejustgotthisnews.Writetohimaletterofcongratulation.

Writeyourletterwithnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.Startyourletterwith“DearMr.Liu”.DoNOTsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use“ChenLing”instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.

【答案】DearMr.Liu,

IamwritingtooffermysincerecongratulationsonyourpassingthePhDentranceexamination.Iknowyouhavestudiedveryhardthistime,soIamreallygladtoseeyourhardworkpaidoff.Iamsureyourfamilyandfriendsmustbeveryproudofyou.Youshowedmethatageisnotabarriertoadvancement.PassingthePhDentranceexaminationisafreshstartforyou,whichwillbringyouagoodopportunitytolearnfromthetopprofessors.Besides,itisgoodforyoutostudywithsomanyexcellentstudentswhoofcoursewillgiveyouthemotivationtostudyhard.Iwishyougreatersuccessinuniversityandafruitfullifeinthefuture.

Sincerelyyours,

ChenLing

14.單選題

Thereseemstobenoalternativebut_______theoffer.

問題1選項

A.accept

B.toaccept

C.accepting

D.hayingaccepted

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。no...but或者nothingbut...后面接不定式to加動詞原形,為固定句型。選項B正確。

15.單選題

OneauthoritymadeacensusofthespidersinagrassfieldinthesouthofEngland,andhe(

)thatthereweremorethan2,250,000spidersinoneacre.

問題1選項

A.assessed

B.estimated

C.appraised

D.evaluated

【答案】B

【解析】句意:一位權(quán)威人士對英國南部一塊草坪上的蜘蛛進(jìn)行了數(shù)量調(diào)查,他估計在那個地方每公頃有超過225萬只蜘蛛。

考查近義詞辨析。四個選項均為對應(yīng)動詞的過去式。Assess評定,估價;estimate估計,估量;appraise估量,估價,(對某人的工作)做出評價;evaluate評價,估價。由關(guān)鍵信息morethan2,250,000spidersinoneacre(每公頃有225萬只蜘蛛)可知B符合句意。

16.單選題

Onehundredyearsago,“Colored”wasthetypicalwayofreferringtoAmericansofAfricandescent.Twentyyearslater,itwaspurposefullydroppedtomakewayfor“Negro.”Bythelate1960s,thattermwasovertakenby“Black.”Andthen,atapressconferenceinChicagoin1988,JesseJacksondeclaredthat“AfricanAmerican”wasthetermtoembrace.Thisonewaschosenbecauseitechoedthelabelsofgroups,suchas“ItalianAmericans”and“IrishAmericans,”thathadalreadybeenfreedofwidespreaddiscrimination.

Acentury’sworthofcalculatednamechangespointtothefactthatnaminganygroupisapoliticallyfreightedexercise.A2001studycatalogedallthewaysinwhichtheterm“Black”carriedconnotations(涵義)thatweremorenegativethanthoseof“AfricanAmerican.”

Butifitwasknownthat“Black”peoplewerevieweddifferentlyfrom“AfricanAmericans,”researchers,untilnow,hadn’tidentifiedwhatthatgapinperceptionwasderivedfrom.Arecentstudy,conductedbyEmoryUniversity’sErikaHall,foundthat“Black”peopleareviewedmorenegativelythan“AfricanAmericans”becauseofaperceiveddifferenceinsocioeconomicstatus.Asaresult,“Black”peoplearethoughtofaslesscompetentandashavingcolderpersonalities.

Thestudy’smoststrikingfindingsshedlightontheracialbiasespermeatingtheprofessionalworld.Evenseeminglyharmlessdetailsonaresume,itappears,cantapintorecruiters'biases.Ajobapplicationmightmentionaffiliationswithgroupssuchasthe“WisconsinAssociationofAfrican-AmericanLawyers”orthe“NationalBlackEmployeesAssociation,”thenamesofwhichapparentlyhaveconsequences,andarealsobeyondtheirmembers,control.

Inoneofthestudy’sexperiments,subjectsweregivenabriefdescriptionofamanfromChicagowiththelastnameWilliams.Toonegroup,hewasidentifiedas“African-American,”andanotherwastoldhewas“Black”Withlittleelsetogoon,theywereaskedtoestimateMr.Williams’salary,professionalstanding,andeducationalbackground.

The“African-American”groupestimatedthatheearnedabout$37,000ayearandbadatwo-yearcollegedegree.The“Black”group,ontheotherhand,puthissalaryatabout$29.000,andguessedthathehadonly“some”collegeexperience.Nearlythree-quartersofthefirstgroupguessedthatMr.Williamsworkedatamanageriallevel,whileonly38.5percentofthesecondgroupthoughtso.

Hall’sfindingssuggestthere’sanargumenttobemadeforelectingtouse“AfricanAmerican,”thoughonecan’thelpbutgetthesensethatit’sadecisionthatpapersovertheurgencyofcontinuedprogress.Perhapsanewphraseisneeded,onethatcanbringeveryoneonebigstepclosertorealizingDuBois’original,idealistichope:“It’snotthename—it’sthethingthatcounts.”

11.WhydidJesseJacksonembracetheterm“AfricanAmerican”forpeopleofAfricandescent?

12.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthenamingofanethnicgroup?

13.WhatdoErikaHall’sfindingsindicate?

14.WhatdoesErikaHallfindinherexperimentaboutamanwiththelastnameWilliams?

15.WhatisDr.DuBois’sideal?

問題1選項

A.Itisfreefromracialbiases.

B.Itrepresentssocialprogress.

C.ItisintheinterestofcommonAmericans.

D.Itfollowsthestandardnamingpractice.

問題2選項

A.Itadvanceswiththetimes.

B.Itisbasedonracialroots.

C.Itmeritsintensivestudy.

D.Itispoliticallysensitive.

問題3選項

A.Racialbiasesarewidespreadintheprofessionalworld,

B.Manyapplicantsdon’tattendtodetailsontheirresumes.

C.Jobseekersshouldallbecarefulabouttheiraffiliations.

D.Mostrecruitersareunabletocontroltheirracialbiases.

問題4選項

A.AfricanAmericansfarebetterthanmanyotherethnicgroups.

B.Blackpeople’ssocioeconomicstatusinAmericaremainslow.

C.People’sconceptionofapersonhasmuchtodowiththewayheorsheislabeled.

D.One’sprofessionalstandingandincomearerelatedtotheireducationalbackground.

問題5選項

A.AllAmericansenjoyequalrights.

B.Apersonisjudgedbytheirworth.

C.AnewtermiscreatedtoaddressAfricanAmericans.

D.Allethnicgroupssharethenation’scontinuedprogress.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】11.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到文章第一段倒數(shù)第一二句話JesseJacksondeclaredthat“AfricanAmerican”wasthetermtoembrace.Thisonewaschosenbecauseitechoedthelabelsofgroups,suchas“ItalianAmericans”and“IrishAmericans,”thathadalreadybeenfreedofwidespreaddiscrimination.“杰西?杰克遜(JesseJackson)宣稱,“非裔美國人”是一個值得擁抱的詞。之所以選擇這個詞,是因為它呼應(yīng)了一些群體的標(biāo)簽,比如“意大利裔美國人”和“愛爾蘭裔美國人”,這些群體已經(jīng)擺脫了廣泛的歧視。”,從這里可以看出答案選A“它沒有種族偏見”;

B選項“它代表社會進(jìn)步”,定位到第二段第一句話Acentury’sworthofcalculatednamechangespointtothefactthatnaminganygroupisapoliticallyfreightedexercise.“一個世紀(jì)以來精心設(shè)計的名字變化表明,為任何組織命名都是一項充滿政治意味的活動”,名稱并沒有展現(xiàn)社會進(jìn)步而是具有政治意味,所以B選項不選,屬于反向干擾;

C選項“這符合普通美國人的利益”,文章沒有提及屬于無中生有;

D選項“它遵循標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的命名慣例”,文章沒有提及屬于無中生有。

12.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到第二段第一句話Acentury’sworthofcalculatednamechangespointtothefactthatnaminganygroupisapoliticallyfreightedexercise.“一個世紀(jì)以來精心設(shè)計的名字變化表明,為任何組織命名都是一項充滿政治意味的活動”從這里可以知道答案選D選項“政治敏感”;

A選項“它是與時俱進(jìn)的”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有;

B選項“它基于種族根源”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有;

C選項“它值得深入研究”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有。

13.事實細(xì)節(jié)題,第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,根據(jù)關(guān)鍵人名ErikaHall定位到第四段第一句話Thestudy’smoststrikingfindingsshedlightontheracialbiasespermeatingtheprofessionalworld.“這項研究最引人注目的發(fā)現(xiàn)揭示了職場中普遍存在的種族偏見?!保纱丝芍鸢高xA選項“在職業(yè)領(lǐng)域,種族偏見很普遍”;

B選項“許多求職者不注意簡歷上的細(xì)節(jié)”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有;

C選項“求職者都應(yīng)該小心他們的關(guān)系”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有;

D選項“大多數(shù)招聘人員無法控制他們的種族偏見”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有。

14.判斷推理題,第一步,尋找上下文線索,根據(jù)實驗內(nèi)容,同樣是威廉,一組被暗示是非裔美國人,一組直接被告知是黑人,實驗結(jié)果顯示兩組對同一個人的猜測則完全不同的,所以C選項“人們對一個人的看法與他或她被貼上的標(biāo)簽有很大關(guān)系”符合題意;

A選項“非裔美國人比許多其他種族的人過得更好”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有所以不選;

B選項“黑人在美國的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)地位仍然很低”,見正確選項,兩個對照組預(yù)測對象不是不同種族的威廉而是不同標(biāo)簽的黑人威廉,屬于偷換概念,所以不選;

D選項“一個人的職業(yè)地位和收入與他們的教育背景有關(guān)”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有所以不選。

15.判斷推理題。尋找句內(nèi)線索,定位到最后一段最后一句It'snotthename—it'sthethingthatcounts“重要的不是名字,而是所做的事情”,從這里可知杜波依斯的想法是用一個人所做的事情來評判一個人,而不是用他的名字,所以答案選B選項“一個人是由他的價值來判斷的”;

A選項“所有美國人都享有平等的權(quán)利”,文章探討了非洲血統(tǒng)的美國人被稱為“黑人”和“非裔美國人”時人們的不同態(tài)度,沒有涉及種族壓迫或者歧視,這里屬于推理過度;

C選項“一個新的術(shù)語被創(chuàng)造來稱呼非裔美國人”,從這里可知怎么稱呼黑人沒有那么重要,這里屬于反向干擾;

D選項“各民族共同進(jìn)步”,文章探討了非洲血統(tǒng)的美國人被稱為"黑人"和"非裔美國人"時人們的不同態(tài)度,沒有提到其他民族,這里屬于無中生有。

17.單選題

Theheatinsummerisnoless(

)hereinthismountainregion.

問題1選項

A.concentrated

B.extensive

C.intense

D.intensive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。concentrated意為“集中的”;extensive意為“廣泛的”;intense意為“激烈的,強(qiáng)烈的,非常的”;intensive意為“加強(qiáng)的,集中的”。

句意:這個山區(qū)夏天的酷熱也同樣強(qiáng)烈。

18.單選題

It’stime(

)aboutthetrafficproblemdowntown.

問題1選項

A.somethingwasdone

B.everythingisdone

C.anythingwillbedone

D.nothingtobedone

【答案】A

【解析】考查it’stime的用法。It’stimesbdidsth,虛擬語氣,動詞的形式是一般過去時,所以選項A符合題意。句意:是時候采取措施來緩解城市的交通問題了。

19.單選題

Criticismandself-criticismisnecessary(

)ithelpsustofindandcorrectourmistakes.

問題1選項

A.bythat

B.atthat

C.onthat

D.inthat

【答案】D

【解析】句意:批評和自我批評是必要的,因為它有助于我們發(fā)現(xiàn)和改正錯誤。inthat為固定搭配,意為"由于,因為",在這里引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。所以本題選D。

20.單選題

Cosmicraysofvariouskindscomethroughtheairfromouterspace,butenormousquantitiesofradiationfromthesunare()off.

問題1選項

A.avoided

B.excluded

C.separated

D.screened

【答案】D

【解析】近義詞詞義辨析。avoid“避免,躲避”;excluded“排除,驅(qū)逐”;separated“分開,隔開”;screen“篩,過濾,屏蔽”。句意:來自外太空的各種宇宙射線透過大氣層到達(dá)地球,但是太陽所發(fā)出的大量輻射都被過濾掉了。選項D符合句意。

21.單選題

Franklyspeaking,I'dratheryou()anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.

問題1選項

A.do

B.don'tdo

C.did

D.didn'tdo

【答案】D

【解析】wouldrather引導(dǎo)的從句用虛擬語氣,動詞用過去時態(tài)表示,所以首先排除選項A和B;根據(jù)anything可指本句應(yīng)該為否定語氣,所以選項D正確。

22.單選題

Ⅶ.Humanrightsareoftenpresentedastheoutcomeofalongandnoblematurationprocessofintellectualideassuchasfreedom,equalityorhumandignity—basicallyastheultimatecrystallizationofEnlightenmentideas.Thecontemporaryimportanceofhumanrightsisthenviewedasthefinalresultoftheforwardmarchofhistory,reasonorcivilization,advancingtheinherentrightsanddignityofeveryperson.Inthisvein,alargebodyofliteraturehasfocusedontheprecursorsofhumanrights,claimingthattheideaofuniversalhumandignityandindividualrightsultimatelyderivesfrom,forinstance,CatholicChristianity,ProtestantismortheFrenchenlightenment.ThesearethekindofnarrativesandhistoriesthathavebeendeeplycriticizedbyNietzsche(尼采)(orlaterFoucault(???)becausetheymisconstruethepastasateleologyleadingto,andjustifying,thecurrentstateofaffairs.InsteadNietzscheproposedagenealogicalmethodology,whichgivescredittothecontingent,unpredictable,hiddenandoftendarkcurrentsofhistory.Fromthisperspective,thejobofthehistorian,sociologistorphilosopherisnottoreconstructthelinearpathfromwhichhumanrightshavevictoriouslyemergedbuttoinvestigatethehaphazardmake-upofhumanrights,lookingintothecontingentcon

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