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書山有路勤為徑,學海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中南財經(jīng)政法大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Goingthroughatrickydivorcewouldbeenoughtoputanyoneoffmarriageforlife.Butanewstudyshowsthatmenaremuchmorelikelyto______astressfulandcomplicatedbreak-upthanwomen.

問題1選項

A.geton

B.getoff

C.getover

D.getin

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。geton“上車;進展”;getoff”脫下;下車“;getover”克服“;getin”進入;陷入“。句意:經(jīng)歷一場棘手的離婚足以讓任何人放棄婚姻。但一項新的研究表明,男性比女性更有可能……一段緊張而復雜的分手。句中but,因而存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,說明男性比女性更容易從分手中振作起來。因此選項C符合題意。

2.單選題

Advertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhytheyarealwayscominginforcriticism.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhaveaflairforself-promotionandbecausetheyhavesomuchmoneytothrowaround."It'siniquitous,"theysay,"thatthisentirelyunproductiveindustryshouldabsorbmillionsofpoundseachyear.Itonlygoestoshowhowmuchprofitthebigcompaniesaremaking.Whydon'ttheystopadvertisingandreducethepriceoftheirgoods?Afterall,it'stheconsumerwhopays.."

Thepooroldconsumer!He'dhavetopayagreatdealmoreifadvertisingdidn'tcreatemassmarketsforproducts.Itispreciselybecauseoftheheavyadvertisingthatconsumergoodsaresocheap.Butwegetthewrongideaifwethinktheonlypurposeofadvertisingistosellgoods.Anotherequallyimportantfunctionistoinform.Agreatdealoftheknowledgewehaveabouthouseholdgoodsderiveslargelyfromtheadvertisementsweread.Advertisementsintroduceustonewproductsorremindusoftheexistenceofoneswealreadyknowabout.Supposingyouwantedtobuyawashing-machine,itismorethanlikelyyouwouldobtaindetailsregardingperformance,price,ere,fromanadvertisement

Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverreadadvertisements,butthisclaimmaybeseriouslydoubted.Itishardlypossiblenottoreadadvertisementsthesedays.Andwhatfuntheyoftenare,too!Justthinkwhatarailwaystationoranewspaperwouldbelikewithoutadvertisements,wouldyouenjoygazingatablankwallorreadingrailwaybye-lawwhilewaitingforatrain?Wouldyouliketoreadonlyclosely-printedcolumnsofthenewsinyourdailypaper?Acheerfulwilyadvertisementmakessuchadifferencetoadrabwalloranewspaperfullofthedailyrationofcalamities.

Wemustnotforget,either,thatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.Newspapers,commercialsradioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailypaper,orcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogramsisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthinkwhatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfullprice.

Anotherthingwemustn'tforgetisthe"smallads",whichareinvirtuallyeverynewspaperandmagazine.Whatatremendouslyusefulservicetheyperformforthecommunity!Justaboutanythingcanbeaccomplishedthroughthesecolumns.Forinstance,youcanfindajob,buyorsellahouse,announceabirth,marriageordeathinwhatusedtobecalledthe"hatchmatchanddispatch"columns;butbyFarthemostfascinatingsectionis!hepersonalor"agony"columns.Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuchentertainingreadingorofferssuchadeepinsightintohumannature.It'sthebestadvertisementforadvertisingthereis!

1.Advertisersshouldstopadvertisingandreducepriceofgoodsbecause().

2.Thepurposeofadvertisingisto().

3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

4.Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe().

5.Regardingadvertisements,wecanconcludethatthetoneoftheauthorofthispassageseemstobe().

6.Theword"they"inline3ofparagraph3,refersto().

7.Wecaninferfromthepassagethattheauthorseemstosuggestthat().

問題1選項

A.criticsresentthem

B.theyhavesomuchtothrowaround

C.theconsumerpaysforallthecosts

D.advertiserscomeinforcriticisms

問題2選項

A.informthatconsumergoodsarecheap

B.inform

C.provideagreatdealofknowledge

D.bothsellgoodsandinform

問題3選項

A.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.

B.Everythinghastwosides.

C.Wastenot,wantnot.

D.it'snousecryingeverspiltmilk.

問題4選項

A.AdvertisersPerformaUsefulServicetotheCommunity

B.EntirelyUnproductiveIndustry

C.ThinkBig

D.GoodQualityProductsDon'tNeedtoBeAdvertised

問題5選項

A.critical

B.positive

C.negative

D.neutral

問題6選項

A.lotsofpeople

B.thesedays

C.advertisements

D.“they”inthefirstsentence

問題7選項

A.advertisementsareeverywhere

B.advertisementsarealotoffun

C.advertisementsareunnecessarilycostly

D.advertisementsmakeproductscheaper

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Whydon'ttheystopadvertisingandreducethepriceoftheirgoods?Afterall,it'stheconsumerwhopays..”可知,選項C符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第二段的四五句“Butwegetthewrongideaifwethinktheonlypurposeofadvertisingistosellgoods.Anotherequallyimportantfunctionistoinform.”可知,廣告除了推銷產(chǎn)品,還有提供信息的功能,所以選項D正確。

3.選項A“上帝幫助自助之人”;選項B“每一樣事物都有兩個方面”;選項C“不浪費,不匱乏”;選項D“覆水難收”。根據(jù)第四段的第一句“Wemustnotforget,either,thatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.”前兩段作者描述了廣告對消費者的負面影響,最后兩段又講述了廣告的積極影響,所以選項B最為恰當。

4.作者在文章前兩段講述了廣告對消費者的負面影響,但又提到廣告可以提供信息等其他積極作用。這是先抑后揚的寫作手法,目的是為了突出后面的積極作用,所以選項A正確。

5.根據(jù)最后一段末句“It'sthebestadvertisementforadvertisingthereis!”可以看出,作者的態(tài)度是積極的,選項B正確。

6.根據(jù)原文,“they”很有趣,接下來列舉了一下例子,由此可推測,這里的“they”指的是廣告,選項C正確。

7.根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句,報紙上沒有任何其他文章能提供如此有趣的閱讀,或提供對人性如此深刻的洞察。這是最好的廣告!由此可知,作者主要強調(diào)的是廣告的有趣性,所以選項B正確。

3.單選題

Heshoutedin________ofthepoliceman’swarningtobequiet.

問題1選項

A.defense

B.defiance

C.attempt

D.view

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.defense防御,保衛(wèi)B.defiance違抗,拒絕服從

C.attempt企圖,嘗試D.view看法,見解

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】前半句的“shouted(喊叫)”和后半句的“warningtobequiet(保持安靜的警告)”形成對比,說明他并沒有遵從警察要他安靜的警告,也就是說他無視、拒絕服從警察的警告。indefianceof是固定搭配,意為“無視,違抗”,因此B選項defiance“違抗,拒絕服從”最符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項defense“防御,保衛(wèi)”,indefenseof指保護某事物免受攻擊、批評或為某人辯護,不能和“warning(警告)”進行搭配;

C選項attempt“企圖,嘗試”,沒有相應的搭配用法;

D選項view“看法,見解”,inviewof指鑒于某事物,考慮到某原因,不符合題干的語義邏輯。

【句意】他大聲喊叫,無視警察要他保持安靜的警告。

4.填空題

Hereisagreatironyof21st-centuryglobalpublichealth:Whilemanyhundredsofmillionsofpeoplelackadequatefoodasaresultofeconomicinequities,politicalcorruption,orwarfare,manyhundredsofmillions(1)areoverweighttothepointofincreasedriskfordiet-relatedchronicdiseases.Obesityisaworldwidephenomenon,affectingchildrenaswellasadultsandforcingallbutthepoorestcountriestodivertscarceresources(2)fromfoodsecuritytotakecareofpeoplewithpreventableheartdiseaseanddiabetes.

Toreversetheobesityepidemic,wemustaddressfundamentalcauses.Overweightcomesfromconsumingmorefoodenergythan(3)expendedinactivity.Thecauseofthisimbalancealsoisironic:improvedprosperity.Peopleuseextraincometoeatmoreandbelessactive.Marketeconomiesencouragethis.Theyturnpeoplewithexpendableincomeintoconsumersofaggressivelymarketedfoodsthatarehighinenergybutlowin(4)value,andofcars,televisionsets,andcomputersthatpromotesedentarybehavior.Gainingweightisgoodforbusiness.Foodisparticularlybigbusinessbecauseeveryoneeats.

Moreover,foodissooverproducedthatmanycountries,especiallytherichones,havefar

morethantheyneed(5)irony.IntheUnitedStates,totakeanextremeexample,most

adultsofallages,incomes,educationallevels,andcensuscategories—areoverweight.TheU.S.foodsupplyprovides3800kilocaloriesperpersonperday,nearlytwiceasmuchasrequiredbymanyadults.Overabundantfoodforcescompaniestocompete(6)salesthroughadvertising,healthclaims,newproducts,largerportions,andcampaigns(7)towardchildren.Foodmarketingpromotesweightgain.Indeed,itisdifficulttothink(8)anymajorindustrythatmightbenefitifpeopleatelessfood;certainly(9)theagriculture,foodproduct,grocery,restaurant,diet,ordrugindustries.Allflourishwhenpeopleeatmore,andallemployamidesoflobbyiststodiscouragegovernmentsfromdoinganythingtoinhibit(10).

A.splendid

B.elegant

C.snobbish

D.prudent

A.hehadagoodopinionoftheStClairfamily

B.hegrantedtheStClairfamilysomecredits

C.heowedsomemoneytotheStClairfamily

D.hewasmorerespectablethansomemembersoftheSt.Clairfamily

A.marryingformoney

B.robbingone'swife

C.makingfortunes

D.sellingtheteethofdeadsoldiers

A.brag

B.possess

C.arrange

D.pluck

A.detached

B.positive

C.cynical

D.liberal

【答案】1.more

2.away

3.is

4.nutritional

5.another

6.for

7.directed

8.of

9.not

10.overeating

【解析】1.考查前后邏輯??崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵寒敵汕先f的人由于經(jīng)濟不平衡、政治腐敗和戰(zhàn)爭而餓肚子時,還有成千上萬的人超重。前后進行對比,說明超重的人更多,所以more符合題意。

2.考查固定搭配。divertaway“轉(zhuǎn)移”??崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵悍逝质且粋€世界性的普遍現(xiàn)象,它對大人孩子都有影響,它迫使除了最貧窮的國家外的所有國家把稀有資源從食品安全上轉(zhuǎn)移到了照顧患有可預防的心臟病和糖尿病的人們。

3.考查動詞的用法??崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵撼卦从跀z入的食物能量超過了被消耗的能量。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,為了避免重復,than后面省略了energythat,完整的句子應該是energythatisexpended。

4.考查前后邏輯??崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵核麄儼丫哂邢M水平的人變?yōu)榀偪褓徺I食物的消費者,這些食物通常能量很高,營養(yǎng)價值很低。nutritional符合題意。

5.考查前后邏輯。空格處所在句子的句意是:此外,食物被過量生產(chǎn),尤其是發(fā)達國家擁有的食物遠遠超過他們所需要的食物--這又是一件具有諷刺意義的事。前面已經(jīng)提到過一件諷刺的事thecauseofthisimbalancealsoisironic:improvedprosperity,因此another符合題意。

6.考查動詞短語??崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟鉃椋哼^量的食物使各大公司為銷售而進行競爭。competefor“為……而競爭”。

7.考查后置定語??崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵焊鞔蠊緸榱烁偁?,采用的手段有:廣告,健康宣言,推出新產(chǎn)品,加量包裝,還有直接針對孩子的活動。空格處所在的單詞顯然是用來修飾campaigns這個單詞的,應該填一個過去分詞來作后置定語,directtoward表示針對……。

8.考查固定搭配。thinkof“想出”。

9.考查前后邏輯??崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵恨r(nóng)業(yè)、食品、雜貨店、飯店、減肥業(yè)或制藥業(yè)都不會獲益。所以此處是一個否定的意思,not符合題意。

10.考查動詞的用法??崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵喝藗兂缘枚鄷r,所有行業(yè)都會發(fā)展繁榮,所有行業(yè)都花錢請游說者去勸政府不要采取任何措施禁止過度飲食(overeat)。Inhibitdoingsth.“禁止做某事”。

5.單選題

Thepsychologistswerepleasedthattheirtheoryhadbeen(

)bythenewresearch.

問題1選項

A.fortified

B.altered

C.disputed

D.developed

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析題。fortify“加強,支持,證實”;alter“改變”;dispute“辯論,爭論”;develop“發(fā)展,形成”;根據(jù)句意‘心理學家非常高興,因為最新的研究(

)他們的理論。’確定A選項正確。

6.單選題

Eventhoughyoumaybeexcitedaboutrelocating,youmaystillmournthelossofafamiliarhome,wayoflife,familyandfriendsleftbehind.“Underestimatingtheemotionalimpactofmovingisthebiggestmistakepeoplemake,”saysPatriciaNida,Psychologistandrelocationconsultant.“Peoplethinkthereissomethingwrongwiththemiftheycan’tcopewiththeemotionalupheavalofmoving.Theydon’trealizeit’snormal.”WhenSheilamovedfromOregontoCalifornia,ittookhernearlyayeartofeelrootedinhernewcommunity.Thentwoyearslater,thefamilymovedbacktoOregon.Whenwecameback,Icouldn’tgetusedtothem.Eachtimewemoved,IfeltlikeIlostapartofmyself.”

“Althougheveryonewhomovesfeelsthislossofidentitytosomeextent,it’susuallymostdisastrousforanon-workingwife”,saysDr.Seidenberg,clinicalprofessorofpsychiatry.“Heridentity,”sayshe,“stemsfromheractivitiesandthetiestothecommunity.Relocatingwipesitallout.Everytimeshemoves,shehastore-establishhercredentials.”“Youcopebyreachingoutandfindingactivitiesandpeoplethatinterestyou,”addsEileenKirsh,aveteranoffourspouse-job-relatedmoves.“Ifyouarelucky,youmeetsomeonecompatible.”

Don’tavoidsayinggoodbye.Itmayseemeasieratthetime,butinthelongrun,itcancreateagreatersenseofloss.Resistthetemptationtosevertieswithyouroldneighborhood.Maintainrelationships.Allowyourselftogothroughtheemotionsassociatedwithmoving,withoutcriticism.Whenyouacquireyournewlivingquarters,introduceyourselftoyournewneighbors.Writeaheadtoyournewhouseofworshipandcommunityorganizationsforinformationonactivitiesandservices.Whenyoufinallymovein,youwillfeelmoreapartofthenewcommunity.Establishfamilytraditionsthatmovewithyou.Doingthingstogetherasafamilymakesyoufeelathome,nomatterwhereyoulive.

Movingisadifficultexperience,butitalsohasmanyadvantages.Psychologistssayitstimulatesgrowth,makesusadaptable,broadensourscopeandgivesustheopportunitytomakenewfriendsandenjoynewexperiences.Asanationandasindividuals,wearestrengthenedbyourpioneerspirit.Andifwecansaveonwearandtear-allthebetter.

13.Whenpeoplemove,they____.

14.Theword“upheaval”inPara.1isclosestinmeaningto____.

15.Researchershavefoundthatmanypeople____.

16.Housewivesaretheworstsufferersfromrelocatingbecausethey____.

17.Theauthoradvisesthereadertotakethingseasyby____.

18.Inconclusion,theauthorproposesthatpeopleshould____.

問題1選項

A.makethebiggestmistake

B.minimizetheirlosses

C.havemixedfeelings

D.areintrouble

問題2選項

A.uplift

B.violence

C.approval

D.turbulence

問題3選項

A.arebeingashamedofbeingsentimentalaboutlife

B.缺失

C.spendyearsdecidingwheretosettledown

D.oftenfailtoseetheadvantagesofmoving

問題4選項

A.havetofindtheiridentityagain

B.don’tknowhowtomakenewfriends

C.feelitdifficulttogetusedtodifferentclimate

D.havetomovewhentheirhusbandsgetnewjobs

問題5選項

A.keepingthefamilytradition

B.cuttingtieswiththeoldlivingquarters

C.movingaheadoftimetothenewresidence

D.resistingthetemptationtoshowemotion

問題6選項

A.movemorefrequentlyiftheycan

B.learntobepositiveaboutmoving

C.beeconomicalwhentheymove

D.carryonthepioneerspiritandmovetotheWest

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:A

第6題:B

【解析】13.【選項釋義】

Whenpeoplemove,they____.當人們搬家時,他們____。

A.makethebiggestmistakeA.犯最大的錯誤

B.minimizetheirlossesB.減少/小看他們的損失

C.havemixedfeelingsC.心情復雜

D.areintroubleD.有麻煩

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞peoplemove定位到原文第1段,本段第1句說“即使你可能對搬遷感到興奮(beexcited),你可能仍然會為失去一個熟悉的家、生活方式、家人和朋友而悲傷(mournthelossof)?!币虼耍珻選項“心情復雜”表述正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“犯最大的錯誤”,定位到第1段第2句,PatriciaNida說“低估搬家的情感影響是人們犯的最大錯誤”,此處有上下文限制,這句話表達的是,“低估搬家的情感影響”是人們在被搬家時犯的最大的錯誤;而該選項“犯最大的錯誤”沒有語境限制,表達的是“搬家時人們犯的最大的錯誤”,因此,該選項表述錯誤,屬于偷換概念;

B選項“減少/小看他們的損失”,原文說的是“低估搬家的情感影響”,選項表述錯誤,屬于過度推理;

D選項“有麻煩”,原文雖然說搬家很困難,但最后一段第1句也說“搬家是一種艱難的經(jīng)歷,但它也有很多好處(manyadvantages)。”該選項表述不準確,屬于推理過度。

14.【選項釋義】

Theword“upheaval”inPara.1isclosestinmeaningto____.第1段中的“upheaval”一詞的意思最接近于____。

A.upliftA.提高,增長;抬起;振奮

B.violenceB.暴力;激烈

C.approvalC.批準;贊成

D.turbulenceD.騷亂,動蕩

【考查點】詞匯推測題。

【解題思路】

1)句中前后信息銜接:根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Para.1和upheaval定位到原文第1段第3句,該句說到“如果人們不能應對搬家?guī)淼那榫w____(theemotionalupheavalofmoving),他們就會認為自己有問題(somethingwrongwiththem)?!庇纱丝芍?,upheaval是個名詞,是搬家所引起的一種情緒上的變化,并且根據(jù)人們認為處理不好就是自己有問題這一點可推斷,這種情緒變化是負面的。因此,D選項“動蕩”,emotionalturbulence“情緒波動”符合題意。

2)上下文語義銜接:本段最后3句通過舉例對此進行了進一步說明。Sheila從Oregon(俄勒岡州)搬到California(加利福尼亞),花了很長時間適應新的環(huán)境;又搬回俄勒岡州時,也無法適應。她說“每次搬家,我都覺得自己好像失去了一部分(lostapartofmyself)?!庇纱丝芍?,這是搬家?guī)淼那榫w變化,也可推測出D選項“動蕩”,emotionalturbulence“情緒波動”符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“(情緒)振奮”,不符合負面的情感基調(diào);

B選項“暴力;激烈”,原文沒有依據(jù);

C選項“批準;贊成”,不符合負面的情感基調(diào)。

15.【選項釋義】

Researchershavefoundthatmanypeople____.研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),許多人____。

A.arebeingashamedofbeingsentimentalaboutlifeA.恥于對生活多愁善感

B.缺失B.缺失

C.spendyearsdecidingwheretosettledownC.花數(shù)年時間決定在哪里定居

D.oftenfailtoseetheadvantagesofmovingD.往往看不到搬家的好處

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Researchers和manypeople來解題,原文有2處地方提到了研究人員的發(fā)現(xiàn)。第1處,第1段第2-3句心理學家PatriciaNida的發(fā)現(xiàn)“如果人們不能應對(can’tcopewith)搬家?guī)淼那榫w波動,他們就會認為自己有問題(somethingwrongwiththem)。”由此可知,人們認為搬家?guī)淼那榫w波動是不正常的,不應該有的,A選項“恥于對生活多愁善感”表述符合原文。第2處,第2段精神病學臨床教授Seidenberg醫(yī)生的發(fā)現(xiàn)“盡管每個搬家的人都會多多少少感受到這種身份的喪失(thislossofidentity),但對于不工作的妻子來說,這通常是最糟糕的”,該發(fā)現(xiàn)與本題選項無關(guān)。

【干擾項排除】

B選項缺失;

C選項“花數(shù)年時間決定在哪里定居”,原文并未提及,屬于無中生有;

D選項“往往看不到搬家的好處”,原文雖然說了搬家有很多好處,但并沒有說人們沒有看到搬家的好處,該選項屬于無中生有。

16.【選項釋義】

Housewivesaretheworstsufferersfromrelocatingbecausethey____.家庭主婦受搬家的影響最大,因為她們____。

A.havetofindtheiridentityagainA.要重新找到自己的身份

B.don’tknowhowtomakenewfriendsB.不知道如何結(jié)交新朋友

C.feelitdifficulttogetusedtodifferentclimateC.覺得適應不同的氣候很困難

D.havetomovewhentheirhusbandsgetnewjobsD.丈夫找了新工作就不得不搬家

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Housewives和theworstsufferersfromrelocating可定位到原文第2段。本段提到“精神病學臨床教授Seidenberg醫(yī)生發(fā)現(xiàn),盡管每個搬家的人都會多多少少感受到這種身份的喪失(thislossofidentity),但對于沒有工作的妻子(anon-workingwife)來說,這通常是最糟糕的(mostdisastrous)。她的身份(Heridentity)來自于她的活動和與社區(qū)的聯(lián)系,搬家將這一切都抹去了。每次搬家,她都得重新建立自己的資歷(re-establishhercredentials)。”由此可知,家庭主婦受搬家的影響最大,因為A選項“要重新找到自己的身份”。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“不知道如何結(jié)交新朋友”,原文并未提及,屬于無中生有;

C選項“覺得適應不同的氣候很困難”,原文并未提及,屬于無中生有;

D選項“丈夫找了新工作就不得不搬家”,原文是在介紹EileenKirsh的身份時提到了她四次因配偶和工作而搬家(fourspouse-job-relatedmoves),而不是解釋為什么家庭主婦受搬家的影響最大,該選項屬于偷換概念。

17.【選項釋義】

Theauthoradvisesthereadertotakethingseasyby____.作者建議讀者通過____放輕松。

A.keepingthefamilytraditionA.保持家庭傳統(tǒng)

B.cuttingtieswiththeoldlivingquartersB.切斷了與舊住宅區(qū)鄰居的聯(lián)系

C.movingaheadoftimetothenewresidenceC.提前搬到新居

D.resistingthetemptationtoshowemotionD.抵制表露情感的誘惑

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞advisesthereadertotakethingseasy定位到原文第3段。本段最后兩句說到“建立(Establishfamilytraditions)跟隨你一起移動的家庭傳統(tǒng)。一家人一起做事讓你有家的感覺(makesyoufeelathome),無論你住在哪里?!庇纱丝芍?,一家人一起做事讓人有家的感覺,所以A選項“保持家庭傳統(tǒng)”可以減輕搬家?guī)淼那榫w波動,讓人放松,符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“切斷了與舊住宅區(qū)鄰居的聯(lián)系”,可定位到第3段第3句,該句說到“抵制與老鄰居斷絕關(guān)系的誘惑”,由此可知,作者認為應該與老鄰居保持聯(lián)系,與選項表述相反,該選項屬于反向干擾;

C選項“提前搬到新居”,原文并未提及,屬于無中生有;

D選項“抵制表露情感的誘惑”,原文所說的要抵制的誘惑是“切斷與老鄰居的聯(lián)系”,而不是“表露情感”,并且本段第1句說到“不要避免說再見”,即要表露情感,該選項屬于

反向干擾。

18.【選項釋義】

Inconclusion,theauthorproposesthatpeopleshould____.總結(jié)時作者建議人們應該____。

A.movemorefrequentlyiftheycanA.盡可能地頻繁搬家

B.learntobepositiveaboutmovingB.學會積極地看待搬家

C.beeconomicalwhentheymoveC.他們搬家時要節(jié)約

D.carryonthepioneerspiritandmovetotheWestD.發(fā)揚開拓精神,向西部進發(fā)

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Inconclusion可定位到原文最后一段。本段提到,搬家雖然很困難,但也有很多好處(manyadvantages),并進行了列舉;倒數(shù)第2句提到,“作為一個國家和一個人,開拓精神都使我們更加強大”。前文都在提搬家的難處,最后一段卻提到了搬家的好處,以及開拓精神會讓我們強大,因此,作者是希望讀者積極地看待搬家這件事,B選項“學會積極地看待搬家”表述正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“盡可能地頻繁搬家”,原文雖然說搬家有很多好處,但這并不意味著要頻繁地搬家,該選項屬于無中生有;

C選項“他們搬家時要節(jié)約”,最后一句說“如果我們能節(jié)省損耗(saveonwearandtear),那就更好了?!痹氖钦f最好要節(jié)約,并且只是最后一段一小點的內(nèi)容,該選項屬于以偏概全;

D選項“發(fā)揚開拓精神,向西部進發(fā)”,原文雖然提到了開拓精神,但并不是說要向西部進發(fā),該選項屬于過度推理。

7.單選題

WhengasstationmanagerRogerRandolphrealizeditwascostinghimmoneyeachtimesomeonefilledupwith$4-a-gallongas,hehungasignonhispumps:“Nomorecreditcards.”HemaybethefirstinWestVirginiatobanplastic,butgasstationoperatorsnationwidearereportingsimilarwoesashigherpricestranslateintohighercreditcardfeesthemanagersmustpay,squeezingprofitsatthepump.“Themoretheybuy,themorewelose,”saidRandolph,whomanagesMr.Ed’sChevroninSt.Albans.“Gaspricesgoup,andourprofitsgodown.”Hiscomplaintstargettheso-calledinterchangefee,apercentageofthesalepricepaidtocreditcardcompaniesoneverytransaction.Thepercentageisfixed,usuallyatjustunder2percent,butthedollaramountofthefeeriseswiththepriceofthegoodsorservices.Asgastops$4agallon,thatpushesfeestoward10centsagallon.Nowstations,whichtypicallymarkupgasolineby11to12centsagallon,areseeingprofitsshrinkorevenreverse.

Inagoodmonth,Randolph’ssmalloperationwouldyielda$60profitongasolinesales.Butthat’sbeenburiedassoaringpricesforcedthestationtopayabout$500amonthininterchangefees.“Attheseprices,peoplearen’tmakinganymoney,”saidJeffLenard,spokesmanfortheAlexandria,Va.-basedNationalAssociationofConvenienceStores.“It’sbrutal.”Lenard’sgroupreportsconveniencestorespaidroughly$7.6billionincreditcardfeeslastyear,whilemaking$3.4billioninprofits.

Thecreditcardcompaniessayfeesarejustpartofthecostofdoingbusiness.MasterCardhascappedinterchangefeesforgaspurchasesof$50ormore,saidcompanyspokeswomanSharonGamsin.AcceptingMasterCardalsogivesgasstations“increasedsales,greatersecurityandconvenience,lowerlaborcosts,andspeedfortheircustomersatthepump,”Gamsinsaidinane-mailtoTheAssociatedPress.Visaarguesthatthefeesareoffset“bythetangiblebenefitstostationsandtheircustomers,suchastheabilitytopayatthepump,”thecompanysaidinastatementtotheAP.

1.Whydosomegasstationownersnolongeracceptcreditcards?

2.Whatistheaverageinterchangefeepaidbygasstationowners?

3.Howmuchprofitdoestheaveragegasstationownermakeonagallonofgas?

4.Visabelievesthatallowingcustomerstopaywithacreditcardoffers()toeveryoneinvolved.

5.Whenprofitsare"shrinking",theyare().

問題1選項

A.Theyareafraidofoutdatedcards.

B.Theypreferthe"instantgratification"ofgettingcash.

C.Theyareafraidofcreditfraud.

D.Theydonotwanttopayhighcreditcardfees.

問題2選項

A.About$4.

B.About2%.

C.About$60.

D.11to12cents.

問題3選項

A.About2%.

B.About$4.

C.11to12cents.

D.About$60.

問題4選項

A.tangiblethreats

B.tangiblebenefits

C.uncertainty

D.inconvenience

問題5選項

A.decreasing

B.holdingsteady

C.increasing

D.undulating

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“nolongeracceptcreditcards”可以定位到文章第一段中“WhengasstationmanagerRogerRandolphrealizeditwascostinghimmoneyeachtimesomeonefiledupwith$4-a-gallongas,hehungasignonhispumps:“Nomorecreditcards.”譯為:當加油站經(jīng)理RogerRandolph發(fā)現(xiàn),在4美元一加侖汽油的情況下,每當有人選擇加滿時,他都會出現(xiàn)負利潤,于是他在加油站掛上了“不支持使用信用卡”的標示,以及“HemaybethefirstinWestVirginiatobanplastic,butgasstationoperatorsnationwidearereportingsimilarwoesashigherpricestranslateintohighercreditcardfeesthemanagersmustpay,squeezingprofitsatthepump.”譯為:也許他是西弗吉尼亞州第一位禁止使用信用卡的人,但是全國各地加油站經(jīng)營者都曾指出過汽油價格的上漲意味著需要支付的信用卡費用更多,因此實際上是對加油站利益的一種壓榨。由此可以推斷出答案選D。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由題干中關(guān)鍵詞“averageinterchangefee”可以定位到文章第一段“Thepercentageisfixed,usuallyatjustunder2percent,butthedollaramountofthefeeriseswiththepriceofthegoodsorservices.”譯為:這個比率是固定的,通常不超過2%,但是隨著商品和服務價格上漲,這部分費用的總量也會增加??赏茢喑龃鸢高xB。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到原文第一段最后一句“Nowstations,whichtypicallymarkupgasolineby11to12centsagallon,areseeingprofitsshrinkorevenreverse.”譯為:現(xiàn)在,加油站通常在成本的基礎上將每一加侖的汽油加價11-12美分,但是它們的利潤正在縮水,甚至出現(xiàn)負利潤。由此推斷答案選C。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到原文最后一段中Visaarguesthatthefeesareoffset“bythetangiblebenefitstostationsandtheircustomers,suchastheabilitytopayatthepump”,譯為:維薩卡方面稱,信用卡交換費是可以與其帶給加油站和顧客的實實在在的利益相抵消的,例如在加油站的支付能力。由此可推斷出答案選B。

5.詞匯題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“shrinking”定位到文章中第一段最后一句“Nowstations,whichtypicallymarkupgasolineby11to12centsagallon,areseeingprofitsshrinkorevenreverse.”由此可推斷出shrink是指利潤減少。因此推斷出答案選A。

8.單選題

ThisyearmarksexactlytwocountriessincethepublicationofFrankenstein;or,TheModernPrometheus,byMaryShelley.Evenbeforetheinventionoftheelectriclightbulb,theauthorproducedaremarkableworkofspeculativefictionthatwouldforeshadowmanyethicalquestionstoberaisedbytechnologiesyettocome.

Todaytherapidgrowthofartificialintelligence(AI)raisesfundamentalquestions:“Whatisintelligence,identify,orconsciousness?Whatmakeshumanshumans?”

Whatisbeingcalledartificialgeneralintelligence,machinesthatwouldimitatethewayhumansthink,continuestoevadescientists.Yethumansremainfascinatedbytheideaofrobotsthatwouldlook,move,andrespondlikehumans,similartothoserecentlydepictedonpopularsci-fiTVseriessuchas“Westworld”and“Humans”.

“Justhowpeoplethinkisstillfartoocomplextobeunderstood,letalonereproduced,”saysDavidEagleman,aStanfordUniversityneuroscientist.“Wearejustinasituationwheretherearenogoodtheoriesexplainingwhatconsciousnesssactuallyisandhowyoucouldeverbuildamachinetogetthere.”

Butthatdoesn’tmeancrucialethicalissuesinvolvingAIaren'tathand.Thecominguseofautonomousvehicles,forexample,posesthornyethicalquestions.Humandriverssometimesmustmakesplit-seconddecisions.Theirreactionsmaybeacomplexcombinationofinstantreflexes,inputfrompastdrivingexperiences,andwhattheireyesandearstelltheminthatmoment.AI“vision”todayisnotnearlyassophisticatedasthatofhumans.Andtoanticipateeveryimaginabledrivingsituationisadifficultprogrammingproblem.

Wheneverdecisionsarebasedonmassesofdata,“youquicklygetintoalotofethicalquestions,”notesTanKiatHow,chiefexecutiveofaSingapore-basedagencythatishelpingthegovernmentdevelopavoluntarycodefortheethicaluseofAI.AlongwithSingapore,othergovernmentsandmega-corporationsarebeginningtoestablishtheirownguidelines.Britainissettingupadataethicscenter.IndiareleaseditsAIethicsstrategythisspring.

OnJune7Googlepledgednotto“designordeployAI”thatwouldcause“overallharm,”ortodevelopAI-directedweaponsoruseAIforsurveillancethatwouldviolateinternationalnorms.ItalsopledgednottodeployAIwhoseusewouldviolateinternationallawsorhumanrights.

Whilethestatementisvague,itrepresentsonestartingpoint.SodoestheideathatdecisionsmadebyAIsystemsshouldbeexplainable,transparent,andfair.Toputitanotherway:Howcanwemakesurethatthethinkingofintelligentmachinesreflectshumanity'shighestvalues?OnlythenwilltheybeusefulservantsandnotFrankenstein'sout-of-controlmonster.

1.MaryShelley'snovelFrankensteinismentionedbecauseit(

).

2.InDavidEagleman'sopinion,ourcurrentknowledgeofconsciousness(

).

3.Thesolutiontotheethicalissuesbroughtbyautonomousvehicles(

).

4.Theauthor'sattitudetowardGoogle'spledgeisoneof(

).

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

問題1選項

A.fascinatesAIscientistsallovertheworld

B.hasremainedpopularforaslongas200years

C.involvessomeconcernsraisedbyAItoday

D.hassparkedseriousethicalcontroversies

問題2選項

A.helpsexplainartificialintelligence

B.canbemisleadingtorobotmaking

C.inspirespopularsci-fiTVseries

D.istoolimitedforustoreproduceit

問題3選項

A.canhardlyeverbefound

B.isstillbeyondourcapacity

C.causeslittlepublicconcern

D.hasarousedmuchcuriosity

問題4選項

A.affirmation

B.skepticism

C.contempt

D.respect

問題5選項

A.AI'sFuture:IntheHandsofTechGiants

B.Frankenstein,theNovelPredictingtheAgeofAI

C.TheConscienceofAI:ComplexButInevitable

D.AIShallBeKillersOnceOutofControl

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.通過題干MaryShelly'snovelFrankenstein及題文同序原則可定位至文章第一段,在該段尾句,fictionthatwouldforeshadowmanyethicalquestionstoberaisedbytechnologiesyettocome.此句中ethicalquestions可同義替換題干中的concern。故選C。

2.觀點細節(jié)題。可通過關(guān)鍵詞consciousness回文定位至原文第四段尾句部分:wearejustinasituationwheretherearenogoodtheoriesexplainingwhatconsciousnessactuallyisandhowyoucouldeverbuildamachinetogetthere.可知我們將意識注入機器的能力是有限的,因為沒有好的理論可以解釋。

3.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞可定位至文章第三段:當下,人工智能的思維還不能達到人類的精密程度,讓機器去預設每一種駕駛情形是一個困難的編程問題。由此說明,去解決人工智能所帶來的道德問題,是在人類的能力范圍之外的。

4.態(tài)度題,根據(jù)題干中的theauthor'sattitude,Google'spledges

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