考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中山大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中山大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

我的導(dǎo)師是亞裔美國(guó)人，嗜煙好酒，脾氣暴躁。但他十分欣賞亞裔學(xué)生勤奮與扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，也特別了解亞裔學(xué)生的心理。因此，在他實(shí)驗(yàn)室所招的學(xué)生中，除有一名來(lái)自德國(guó)外，其余5位均是亞裔學(xué)生。他干脆在實(shí)驗(yàn)室的門(mén)上貼一醒目招牌：“本室助研必須每周工作7天，早10時(shí)至晚12時(shí)，工作時(shí)間內(nèi)必須全力以赴。”這位導(dǎo)師的嚴(yán)格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所待的3年半中，共有14位學(xué)生被招進(jìn)他的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，最后博士畢業(yè)的只有5人。

【答案】MysupervisorisofAsianorigin.Heisaddictedtoalcoholsandcigarettes,withairritabletemper.Nevertheless,hehighlyappreciatestheindustryandthesolidfoundationalknowledgeofAsianstudentsandhasaparticularlykeeninsightintowhatAsianstudentshaveontheirmind.Hence,ofallthestudentsrecruitedintohislaboratory,exceptforoneGerman,theotherfivewereallfromAsia.Heevenputaneye-catchingnoticeonthedoorofhislab,whichread,“Alltheresearchassistantsofthislaboratoryarerequiredtowork7daysaweek,from10:00a.m.to12:00p.m..Nothingbutworkduringtheworkinghours.”Thissupervisorisreputedontheentirecampusforhisseverityandharshness.Duringthe3andahalfyearsthatIstayedthere,atotalof14studentswererecruitedintohislaboratoryandonly5ofthemstayeduntiltheygraduatedwiththeirPh.D.degrees.

2.單選題

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.

Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce,andtherearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsidewhowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolence—asifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother,whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.

Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshedandthesufferingmeannothing.Nosolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Butenforcement!Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,wewouldhavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthisunderminedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogram.ThebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundUS.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.

Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother'sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem：itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation.“Talk,talk,talk,theadvocatesofviolencesay,”allyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser.

“It'sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser”.Possible?Mylord,thebarristerreplied,“nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed.”Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom;theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.

1.Whichcanbestreplacetheword“acute”(Line1,Para.1)mean（）.

2.Whatdoestheauthorintendtoconveyinthefirstparagraph?

3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofourenergyandstrength?

4.Whatdotrulyreasonablemenadvocatetosolvetheproblemofraceprejudice?

5.Accordingtotheauthor,what'stheprerequisiteofpeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intelligentandquicktonoticeandunderstandthings

B.havingasharpendorpoint

C.verysensitiveandwelldeveloped

D.seriousorsevere

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Violenceleadstonowherebutmakingthingsworse.

B.Violenceistherootofevils.

C.Violenceiswhathumankindresentsmost.

D.Violencecanbeeliminatedsoonerorlater.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyarewastedandmightbewelldirectedandachievemoremeaningfulresults.

B.Theyarealreadyconstructiveandwelldirectedandwillfulfillastablesociety.

C.Theywillworkonlywithcoordinatedefforts.

D.Theywillworklikemagiconthesolutionofracialprejudice.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Lawenforcement.

B.Knowledge.

C.Nonviolence.

D.Eliminatingviolencemess.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Mutualunderstanding.

B.Mutuallycooperative.

C.Learningfromeachother.

D.Bridgingthemisunderstandinggapbetweenraces'customs.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)后半句“...violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.”因此，人們理所當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為暴力是解決分歧的一種手段，甚至沒(méi)有人對(duì)它提出質(zhì)疑。說(shuō)明這是很?chē)?yán)重的種族歧視。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，作者指出人們對(duì)暴力解決問(wèn)題的麻木和無(wú)知，意在告訴人們暴力不僅無(wú)法解決問(wèn)題，甚至可能讓事情變得更糟糕。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第四段的倒是第三句“Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogram.在指導(dǎo)得當(dāng)?shù)那闆r下，實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的社會(huì)計(jì)劃的理想并非不可能。

選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第四段的第二句“Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.”選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.根據(jù)第五段的第一句“Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother'sproblems.”在我們開(kāi)始考慮種族之間的和平共處之前，我們必須了解彼此的問(wèn)題。也就是說(shuō)消除種族習(xí)俗之間的誤解。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.單選題

Manandwomendothinkdifferently,atleastwheretheanatomyofthebrainisconcerned,accordingtoanewstudy.Thebrainismadeprimarilyoftwodifferenttypesoftissue,calledgraymatterandwhitematter.Thisnewresearchrevealsthatmenthinkmorewiththeirgraymatter,andwomenthinkmorewithwhite.Researchersstressedthatjustbecausethetwosexesthinkdifferently,thisdoesnotaffectintellectualperformance.

PsychologyprofessorRichardHaieroftheUniversityofCalifornia,IrvineledtheresearchalongwithcolleaguesfromtheUniversityofNewMexico.Theirfindingsshowthatingeneral,menhavenearly6.5timestheamountofgraymatterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithwomen,whereaswomenhavenearly10timestheamountofwhitematterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithmen.“Thesefindingssuggestedthathumanevolutionhascreatedtwodifferenttypesofbrainsdesignedforequallyintelligentbehavior,”saidHaier,addingthat,“bypinpointingthesegender-basedintelligenceareas,thestudyhasthepotentialtoaidresearchondementiaandothercognitive-impairmentdiseasesinthebrain.”

TheresultsaredetailedintheonlineversionofthejournalNeuroImage.Inhumanbrains,graymatterrepresentsinformationprocessingcenters,whereaswhitematterworkstonetworktheseprocessingcenters.Theresultsfromthisstudymayhelpexplainwhymenandwomenexcelatdifferenttypesoftasks,saidco-authorandneuropsychologistRexJungoftheUniversityofNewMexico.Forexample,mentendtodobetterwithtasksrequiringmorelocalizedprocessing,suchasmathematics,Jungsaid,whilewomenarebetteratintegratingandassimilatinginformationfromdistributedgray-matterregionsofthebrain,whichaidslanguageskills.Scientistsfinditveryinterestingthatwhilemenandwomenusetwoverydifferentactivitycentersandneurologicalpathways,menandwomenperformequallywellonbroadmeasuresofcognitiveability,suchasintelligencetests.

Thisresearchalsogivesinsighttowhydifferenttypesofheadinjuriesaremoredisastroustoonesexortheother.Forexample,inwomen84percentofgraymatterregionsand86percentofwhitematterregionsinvolvedinintellectualperformancewerelocatedinthefrontallobes,whereasthepercentagesoftheseregionsinaman’sfrontallobesare45percentandzerorespectively.Thismatchesupwellwithclinicaldatathatshowsfrontallobedamageinwomentobemuchmoredestructivethanthesametypeofdamageinmen.BothHaierandJunghopethatthisresearchwillsomedayhelpdoctorsdiagnosebraindisordersinmenandwomenearlier,aswellasprovidehelpdesigningmoreeffectiveandprecisetreatmentsforbraindamage.

21.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtoparagraph1?

22.Accordingtoparagraph2,thisdiscoveryissignificantbecause________.

23.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutgraybrainmatter?

24.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalseaboutwhitebrainmatter?

25.Thefinalparagraphsuggeststhat________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thebrainisamonolithicorgan.

B.Intellectualabilitydependsonwhichpartofthebrainisused.

C.Intellectualabilityvariesbetweenmenandwomen.

D.Theanatomyofmen’sbrainsandwomen’sbrainsdiffer.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itisnecessarytounderstandtheanatomyofthebrainwhendealingwithdiseasesthataffectthoughtprocesses

B.itshowsthatmenandwomenareequallyintelligent

C.itshowsthatmenandwomenareequallyintelligentoverall,butspecializeindifferentwaysofthinking

D.manydiseasesofthebrainarespecifictogenderortheother

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ithelpsputtogetherinformationfromdifferentpartsofthebrain.

B.Itisusedforprocessinginformation.

C.Thereislessofitinmen’sbrains.

D.Thereisadirectcorrelationbetweentheamountofgraybrainmatterandmathematicalability.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Womenhavemoreofitthanmen.

B.Itisusedforputtingtogetherinformationfromdifferentpartsofthebrain.

C.Thereisdirectcorrelationbetweentheamountofwhitebrainmatterandlinguisticability.

D.Theamountofwhitebrainmatterisnotdirectlyrelatedtooverallintelligence.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.menandwomenareequallyintelligent

B.menandwomenhavedifferentfrontallobes

C.headinjuriescanhavevariedeffects,accordingtowhetherapersonismaleorfemale

D.theresearchwillbeusefultootherscientists

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】21.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Manandwomendothinkdifferently,atleastwheretheanatomyofthebrainisconcerned,accordingtoanewstudy.（根據(jù)一項(xiàng)新的研究，男人和女人的想法確實(shí)不同，至少在大腦解剖方面是這樣。），可知男女在大腦結(jié)構(gòu)上不同，所以D選項(xiàng)“男性大腦和女性大腦的解剖結(jié)構(gòu)不同”正確。A選項(xiàng)“大腦是一個(gè)整體器官”：文章沒(méi)有單獨(dú)提出來(lái)，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“智力能力取決于大腦的哪一部分被使用了”，C選項(xiàng)“男人和女人的智力不同”：根據(jù)第一段第三、四句Thisnewresearchrevealsthatmenthinkmorewiththeirgraymatter,andwomenthinkmorewithwhite.Researchersstressedthatjustbecausethetwosexesthinkdifferently,thisdoesnotaffectintellectualperformance.（這項(xiàng)新研究表明，男性用灰質(zhì)思考更多，而女性用白質(zhì)思考更多。研究人員強(qiáng)調(diào)，僅僅因?yàn)槟信季S方式不同，并不會(huì)影響智力表現(xiàn)。），可知男女的智力沒(méi)有不同，也不會(huì)因?yàn)槭褂么竽X方式的不同而產(chǎn)生智力差距，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

22.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Thesefindingssuggestedthat…bypinpointingthesegender-basedintelligenceareas,thestudyhasthepotentialtoaidresearchondementiaandothercognitive-impairmentdiseasesinthebrain.（這些發(fā)現(xiàn)表明……通過(guò)精確定位這些基于性別的智能區(qū)域，這項(xiàng)研究有可能幫助研究癡呆和其他大腦認(rèn)知障礙疾病。），可知這個(gè)對(duì)大腦結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義是可以用來(lái)幫助治療大腦認(rèn)知障礙的疾病，所以A選項(xiàng)“在處理影響思維過(guò)程的疾病時(shí)，有必要了解大腦的解剖結(jié)構(gòu)”正確。B選項(xiàng)“它表明男人和女人是同樣聰明的”和C選項(xiàng)“它表明男人和女人在整體上同樣聰明，但思考方式不同”：根據(jù)第二段第二句Theirfindingsshowthatingeneral,menhavenearly6.5timestheamountofgraymatterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithwomen,whereaswomenhavenearly10timestheamountofwhitematterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithmen.（他們的研究結(jié)果顯示，總體而言，男性與智力有關(guān)的灰質(zhì)是女性的近6.5倍，而女性與智力有關(guān)的白質(zhì)是男性的近10倍。），這表明男女思考方式不同，但并不能表明男女智力一樣，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“許多大腦疾病跟特定性別或其他因素有關(guān)”：文章沒(méi)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

23.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句Inhumanbrains,graymatterrepresentsinformationprocessingcenters,whereaswhitematterworkstonetworktheseprocessingcenters.（在人腦中，灰質(zhì)代表著信息處理中心，而白質(zhì)則負(fù)責(zé)將這些處理中心連接起來(lái)。），可知灰質(zhì)用來(lái)處理信息，所以B選項(xiàng)“用來(lái)處理信息”正確，A選項(xiàng)“有助于將來(lái)自大腦不同部位的信息整合在一起”是白質(zhì)的功能，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“男人的大腦中沒(méi)有那么多”：根據(jù)第二段第二句menhavenearly6.5timestheamountofgraymatterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithwomen（男性與智力有關(guān)的灰質(zhì)是女性的近6.5倍），可知男性的灰質(zhì)更多，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“大腦灰質(zhì)的數(shù)量和數(shù)學(xué)能力之間有直接的關(guān)系”：根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句Forexample,mentendtodobetterwithtasksrequiringmorelocalizedprocessing,suchasmathematics（例如，男性在需要更多本地化處理的任務(wù)上表現(xiàn)得更好，比如數(shù)學(xué)），用灰質(zhì)思考更多的男性在數(shù)學(xué)方面表現(xiàn)更好，不代表灰質(zhì)數(shù)量和數(shù)學(xué)的直接關(guān)系，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

24.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句womenarebetteratintegratingandassimilatinginformationfromdistributedgray-matterregionsofthebrain,whichaidslanguageskills（女性在整合和吸收來(lái)自大腦分布灰質(zhì)區(qū)域的信息方面表現(xiàn)得更好，這有助于語(yǔ)言技能），這里沒(méi)有表明白質(zhì)和語(yǔ)言能力的直接關(guān)系，所以C選項(xiàng)“腦白質(zhì)的數(shù)量和語(yǔ)言能力之間有直接的關(guān)系”不符合文章意思，正確。A選項(xiàng)“女性比男性擁有更多”：根據(jù)第二段第二句womenhavenearly10timestheamountofwhitematterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithmen（女性與智力有關(guān)的白質(zhì)是男性的近10倍），可知符合文章意思，故錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“是用來(lái)把來(lái)自大腦不同部位的信息放在一起”：根據(jù)第三段第二句Inhumanbrains,graymatterrepresentsinformationprocessingcenters,whereaswhitematterworkstonetworktheseprocessingcenters.（在人腦中，灰質(zhì)代表著信息處理中心，而白質(zhì)則負(fù)責(zé)將這些處理中心連接起來(lái)。），可知符合文章意思，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“腦白質(zhì)的數(shù)量與整體智力沒(méi)有直接關(guān)系”：根據(jù)第一段第三、四句Thisnewresearchrevealsthatmenthinkmorewiththeirgraymatter,andwomenthinkmorewithwhite.Researchersstressedthatjustbecausethetwosexesthinkdifferently,thisdoesnotaffectintellectualperformance.（這項(xiàng)新研究表明，男性用灰質(zhì)思考更多，而女性用白質(zhì)思考更多。研究人員強(qiáng)調(diào)，僅僅因?yàn)槟信季S方式不同，并不會(huì)影響智力表現(xiàn)。），可知腦白質(zhì)數(shù)量和智力沒(méi)有直接關(guān)系，符合文章意思，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

25.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句Thisresearchalsogivesinsighttowhydifferenttypesofheadinjuriesaremoredisastroustoonesexortheother.（這項(xiàng)研究還揭示了為什么不同類(lèi)型的頭部損傷對(duì)男性或女性更具災(zāi)難性。），可知頭部受傷對(duì)男女的影響可能不同，所以C選項(xiàng)“根據(jù)性別不同，頭部受傷可能有不同的影響”正確。B選項(xiàng)“男人和女人有不同的額葉”：根據(jù)第四段第二句Forexample,inwomen84percentofgraymatterregionsand86percentofwhitematterregionsinvolvedinintellectualperformancewerelocatedinthefrontallobes,whereasthepercentagesoftheseregionsinaman’sfrontallobesare45percentandzerorespectively.（例如，女性額葉中84%的灰質(zhì)區(qū)域和86%的白質(zhì)區(qū)域與智力活動(dòng)有關(guān)，而男性的額葉中這兩個(gè)區(qū)域的比例分別為45%和零。），這里說(shuō)的是男女額葉在灰質(zhì)與白質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)上的不同，而不是說(shuō)男女額葉本身的不同，故錯(cuò)誤。A選項(xiàng)“男性和女性一樣聰明”和D選項(xiàng)“這項(xiàng)研究將對(duì)其他科學(xué)家有用”：最后一段沒(méi)有提到，故錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

15.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Chemotherapy.

B.Radiation.

C.Injections.

D.Surgery.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Whatdoyouknowabouttreatmentsofcancer?

M:Chemotherapy.Buttheatmakesyourhairfallout,doesn’tit?

W:Yes,therearesomeunpleasantside-effects.I’mnotsureweneedtoconsiderthatatthisstage.Weshouldseewhetheraseriesofinjectionwillhelp.

Q:Whattreatmentwillthemanprobablyreceivefirst?

【解析】對(duì)話中女士說(shuō)要先看看藥物注射是否有效，患者的狀況還不到進(jìn)行化療的程度。

5.單選題

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hefoundtherehadbeenlittleresearchontheirlanguage.

B.HewastryingtopreservethelanguagesoftheIndiantribes.

C.Hiscontactwithasocialworkerhadgreatlyarousedhisinterestinthetribe.

D.HismeetingwithGonzalezhadmadehimeagertolearnmoreaboutthetribe.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.HetaughtCopelandtospeaktheTarahumaraslanguage.

B.HepersuadedtheTarahumarastoacceptCopeland’sgifts.

C.Herecommendedoneofhisbestfriendsasaninterpreter.

D.HeactedasanintermediarybetweenCopelandandthevillagers.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Unpredictable.

B.Unjustifiable.

C.Laborious.

D.Tedious.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theirappreciationofhelpfromtheoutsiders.

B.Theirsenseofsharingandcaring.

C.Theirreadinesstoadapttotechnology.

D.Theirbeliefincreatingwealthforthemselves.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】PassageTwo

TheideatostudytheAmericanIndiantribe,Tarahumaras,cametoJamesCopelandin1984,[12]whenhediscoveredthatverylittleresearchhadbeendoneontheirlanguage.HecontactedatribememberthroughasocialworkerwhoworkedwiththetribesmeninMexico.Atfirst,thetribemember,namedGonzalez,wasveryreluctanttocooperate.HetoldCopelandthatnoamountofmoneycouldbuyhislanguage.ButafterCopelandexplainedtohimwhatheintendedtodowithhisresearchandhowitwouldbenefittheTarahumaras,Gonzalezagreedtohelp.[13]HetookCopelandtohisvillageandservedasanintermediary.Copelandsays:“Thankstohim,theTarahumarasunderstoodwhatourmissionwasandstartedtrustingus.”

[14]EnteringtheworldoftheTarahumarashasbeenalaboriousprojectforCopeland.Toreachthen-homelandhemustdrivetwoandahalfdaysfromHouston,Texas.Heloadsuphisvehiclewithgoodsthatthetribesmencan’teasilyget,andgivesgoodstothemasagestureoffriendship.TheTarahumaras,whodon’tbelieveinaccumulatingwealth,takethefoodandshareitamongthemselves.

ForCopeland,theexperiencehasnotonlybeenacademicallysatisfying,butalsohasenrichedhislifeinseveralways.“Iseepeoplerejectingtechnologyandlivingaveryhard,traditionallife,whichoffersmeanothernotionaboutthemeaningofprogressinthewesterntradition,”hesays.“IexperiencethesimplicityoflivinginnaturethatIwouldotherwiseonlybeabletoreadabout.[15]Iseealotofbeautyintheirsenseofsharingandconcernforeachother.

12.WhydidJamesCopelandwanttostudytheAmericanIndiantribeTarahumaras?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)的是JamesCopeland研究美洲印第安部落塔拉烏馬拉人（Tarahumaras）的原因。錄音開(kāi)頭提到，他發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)塔拉烏馬拉人的語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行的研究很少，于是產(chǎn)生了研究該部落的念頭，A選項(xiàng)“他發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)他們語(yǔ)言的研究幾乎沒(méi)有”與錄音原文表述相符，因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“他正努力保護(hù)印第安人部落的語(yǔ)言”在錄音中并未提及；C選項(xiàng)“他與一名社會(huì)工作者的接觸極大地激發(fā)了他對(duì)該部落的興趣”，利用錄音中出現(xiàn)的asocialworker設(shè)置干擾，錄音說(shuō)的是他通過(guò)一名社會(huì)工作者與部落的成員取得了聯(lián)系，是研究該部落的一種渠道而不是研究該部落的原因，因此可排除；D選項(xiàng)“與Gonzalez的會(huì)面使他渴望更多地了解這個(gè)部落”，錄音中提及Copeland與Gonzalez的會(huì)面是發(fā)生在他產(chǎn)生了研究興趣之后，因此也可排除。

13.HowdidGonzalezhelpJamesCopeland?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)Gonzalez是如何幫助Copeland的？錄音中提到，Gonzalez帶Copeland去了他所在的村落，并充當(dāng)了中間人，D選項(xiàng)“他在Copeland和村民之間扮演著中間人的角色”符合錄音原文的表述，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“他教Copeland說(shuō)塔拉烏馬拉人的語(yǔ)言”和C項(xiàng)“他推薦他的一位好朋友當(dāng)翻譯”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息提及；B選項(xiàng)“他勸服塔拉烏馬拉人接受Copeland的禮物”，錄音只說(shuō)了塔拉烏馬拉人接受了禮物，并與大家一起分享，并沒(méi)有提及他們是否在Gonzalez的勸說(shuō)下才接受禮物，因此B選項(xiàng)也可排除。

14.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutJamesCopeland’striptotheTarahumarasvillage?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)說(shuō)話者對(duì)JamesCopeland的塔拉烏馬拉人村落之旅的看法。錄音提到，對(duì)Copeland而言，進(jìn)入塔拉烏馬拉人的世界是一項(xiàng)艱苦的任務(wù)（alaboriousproject），因此C選項(xiàng)“艱苦的，費(fèi)勁的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“不可預(yù)知的”；B選項(xiàng)“不合理的”和D選項(xiàng)“乏味的”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息提及。

15.WhatimpressesJamesCopelandabouttheTarahumarastribe?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)塔拉烏馬拉部落給Copeland留下深刻印象的是什么？錄音結(jié)尾提到，Copeland從他們互相分享和關(guān)心中看到了很多美好，因此B選項(xiàng)“他們的分享和關(guān)心”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)外來(lái)者的幫助表示感激”，錄音中沒(méi)有提及；C選項(xiàng)“他們樂(lè)于適應(yīng)科技”，錄音中提到的是（塔拉烏馬拉部落的）人們拒絕科技（rejectingtechnology），因此C選項(xiàng)不正確；D選項(xiàng)“他們?yōu)樽约簞?chuàng)造財(cái)富的信仰”，錄音中提及塔拉烏馬拉人不崇尚積累財(cái)富（whodon’tbelieveinaccumulatingwealth），因此D選項(xiàng)也不正確。

6.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

新學(xué)派的一位領(lǐng)袖人物堅(jiān)持說(shuō)：“簡(jiǎn)而言之,我們所謂的科學(xué)革命,主要是指一系列器具的改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用,而這些改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用使科學(xué)發(fā)展無(wú)所不及。”

自由和尊嚴(yán)是傳統(tǒng)理論定義的自主人所擁有的,是要求一個(gè)人對(duì)自己的行為負(fù)責(zé),并因其業(yè)績(jī)而給予肯定的必不可少的前提。

很顯然,我們已然摒棄了“父母之命、媒妁之言”的婚姻方式及為使女孩們守身如玉而將她們深鎖閨中的農(nóng)業(yè)習(xí)俗。

現(xiàn)在我們被迫從那種以人們之間相互猜忌和敵視為標(biāo)志的關(guān)系躍進(jìn)到一個(gè)人們之間必須相互尊重和理解的世界。

同樣地,語(yǔ)言之所以有價(jià)值是因?yàn)槿藗兂姓J(rèn)它是思維的符號(hào),是人與人之間傳輸思想的媒介。

【答案】Aleaderfromthenewschoolinsistedonthat“theso-called'scientificrevolution'canbebrieflyexplainedastheimprovement,inventionandapplicationofseriesofequipment,whichinturnprovidesanomnipotentscientificdevelopment.”

Freedomanddignityarepossessedbyself-reliantpeopleintherangeoftraditionaltheory,andtheybothserveessentialprerequisitesforresponsibilitiestowhattheyhavebehavedandappraisaltowhattheyhaveperformed.

Obviously,wehaveabandonedthemarriagethatarrangedbyparentsandmatchmakersandalsothecorruptedcustominagriculturalperiodthatgirlsareconfinedintheirchambersforvirginity.

Nowweareforcedtoleapforwardtotheworldthatdemandsmutualrespectandunderstandingsfromrelationsthatfeaturedbymutualsuspicionandhostility.

Similarly,thereasonwhylanguagespossesswiththeirownvaluesisthat,aspeoplehaveacknowledged,theyaresymbolsofthoughtsandalsomediaforthoughtexchanges.

7.單選題

Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.ThinkofGalileo’s17thcenturytrialforhisrebellingbeliefbeforetheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliamBlake’sharshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton.Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanitieshas,ifanything,deepenedinthiscentury.

Untilrecently,thescientificcommunitywassopowerfulthatitcouldaffordtoignoreitscriticsbutnolonger.Asfundingforsciencehasdeclined,scientistshaveattacked“antiscience”inseveralbooks,notablyHigherSuperstition,byPaulR.Gross,abiologistattheUniversityofVirginia,andNormanLevitt,amathematicianatRutgersUniversity;andTheDemon-HauntedWorldbyCarlSaganofCornellUniversity.

Defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchas“TheFlightfromScienceandReason，”heldinNewYorkCityin1995,and“ScienceintheAgeof(Mis)information,”whichassembledlastJunenearBuffalo.

Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists，philosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedscience’sobjectivity.Saganismoreconcernedwiththosewhobelieveinghosts,creationismandotherphenomenathatcontradictthescientificworldview.

Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheantisciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswell,fromauthoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpoxvirustoRepublicanswhoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.

FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomber,whosemanifesto,publishedin1995,scornsscienceandlongsforreturntoapre-technologicalutopia.Butsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareantiscience,asanessayinUSNews&WormReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.

Theenvironmentalists,inevitably,respondtosuchcritics.Thetrueenemiesofscience,arguesPaulEhrlichofStanfordUniversity,apioneerofenvironmentalstudies,arethosewhoquestiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarming,thedepletionoftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth.

Indeed,someobserversfearthattheantiscienceepithetisindangerofbecomingmeaningless.“Theterm‘a(chǎn)ntiscience’canlumptogethertoomany,quitedifferentthings,”notesHarvardUniversityphilosopherGeraldHoltoninhis1993workScienceandAnti-Science.“Theyhaveincommononlyonethingthattheytendtoannoyorthreatenthosewhoregardthemselvesasmoreenlightened?”

1.Theword“schism”(Line3,Paragraph1)inthecontextprobablymeans（）.

2.Paragraph2and3arewrittento（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheissueof“sciencevs.antiscience’’is（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confrontation

B.dissatisfaction

C.separation

D.contempt

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.discussthecauseofthedeclineofscience’spower

B.showtheauthor’ssympathywithscientists

C.explainthewayinwhichsciencedevelops

D.exemplifythedivisionofscienceandthehumanities

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Environmentalistswereblamedforantiscienceinanessay.

B.Politiciansarenotsubjecttothelabelingofantiscience.

C.The“moreenlightened”tendtotagothersasantiscience.

D.Taggingenvironmentalistsas“antiscience”isjustifiable.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.impartial

B.subjective

C.biased

D.puzzling

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

【解析】1.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章，“Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanitieshas,ifanything,deepenedinthiscentury.”，可知本世紀(jì)，科學(xué)和人文學(xué)科之間的分歧如果說(shuō)有什么不同的話，那就是分歧加深了?？膳袛喑鰏chism意為分歧，分裂。confrontation“分歧，面對(duì)”；dissatisfaction“不滿”；separation“分離，分開(kāi)”；contempt“輕視，蔑視”。文中是指科學(xué)與文化之間不和諧的關(guān)系，屬于同一領(lǐng)域兩個(gè)方面的分離。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.推斷題。文章第二三段，運(yùn)用大量例子進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明了科學(xué)與人文之間的分歧，如HigherSuperstition，TheDemon-HauntedWorld和TheFlightfromScienceandReason都是作者給出的例子?？赏茢喑鲎髡咴诙沃饕菫榱死C科學(xué)和人文學(xué)科之間的分歧。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第六段，“Butsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareantiscience,asanessayinUSNews&WormReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.”，可知這當(dāng)然并不意味著擔(dān)心工業(yè)發(fā)展失控的環(huán)保主義者是反科學(xué)的，正如去年五月份《美國(guó)新聞與世界報(bào)道》上的一篇文章所言?？膳袛喑鲈谝黄恼轮?，環(huán)保主義者被指責(zé)反科學(xué)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.作者態(tài)度題。作者在文中提到科學(xué)與文化之間存在分歧，并對(duì)此進(jìn)行了例證。作者認(rèn)為科學(xué)家對(duì)于分歧的抨擊要合理分析，不能一直持反對(duì)意見(jiàn)，如果理由充分恰當(dāng)就是可取的?？膳袛喑鲎髡叩膽B(tài)度是不偏袒的，公正的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

8.單選題

Theearliesthistorieswerenot（1）,butoralsongsandsagassuch

（2）

thebattleandadventure

（3）

told

（4）

thepoetHomerintheIliadandtheOdyssey.

Thewanderingbards

（5）

passedthesestories

（6）

generationtogenerationmadenoattempttosort

（7）

factfromfiction.Forthem,thegrandlegendsofgodsandsupernaturalheroeswere

（8）

realandimportant

（9）

actualevents.Todayweknowthatmanyoftheseancientsagas,

（10）

exaggerated,dohavearealbasisinfact.

ThestoryoftheTrojanwar,toldintheIliad,waslongthoughttobepure

（11）

;however,todaywecanvisittheruinsofTroyandwalkthroughthegateway,guarded

（12）

aruinedtower,throughwhichthe

（13）

soldiersmarchestomeettheforcesoftheinvadingGreeks.Whatis

（14）

,themanwhodiscoveredtheruinsofthecitymadeuseofnodocumentsorresearchmaterialsotherthanHomer’sdescriptionof

（15）

location.

Thefabulous“one-eyedgiant”whohurledrocksdown

（16）

Odysseus’sshipinOdysseyhasbeenidentifiedasthevolcanoofMountEtna,which

（17）

frequentlypouredoutrockydeath,andwhoseconecanglow

（18）

asingleeyeagainstthedarkofnight.Nearby,intheseaoffthecoastofSicily,

（19）

somehugeandjaggedrockswhichlookasifagiant

（20）

havehurledthemthere,justasOdysseushomecomingsailorsreported.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.spoken

B.told

C.written

D.talked

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.at

C.in

D.on

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.tales

B.histories

C.comments

D.reports

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.by

B.because

C.at

D.over

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.whom

B.who

C.whose

D.which

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.from

B.for

C.because

D.in

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.for

C.from

D.out

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.at

C.for

D.because

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.like

B.than

C.as

D.but

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.although

C.since

D.rather

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.fiction

B.novel

C.article

D.anthology

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.by

B.over

C.on

D.for

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.Trojan

B.ancient

C.Roman

D.Italy

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.many

B.more

C.much

D.great

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.their

B.her

C.his

D.its

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.to

B.in

C.upon

D.its

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.have

B.has

C.had

D.having

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.like

B.similar

C.for

D.as

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.lies

B.lie

C.lay

D.laid

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.must

B.need

C.can

D.might

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:D

第8題:A

第9題:C

第10題:B

第11題:A

第12題:A

第13題:A

第14題:B

第15題:D

第16題:C

第17題:B

第18題:A

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】（1）邏輯關(guān)系題?？崭窈蟮腷ut表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以空格所填寫(xiě)的詞與空格后的oral是對(duì)應(yīng)的，oral表示“口頭的”，跟他相對(duì)的詞是C選項(xiàng)的written“書(shū)面的，文字的”。

（2）固定搭配題?？崭袼谶@一句是用詩(shī)人荷馬在《伊利亞特》和《奧德賽》中講述的戰(zhàn)斗和冒險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行舉例論述上一句話，suchas為固定搭配，表示“例如，比如”，A選項(xiàng)正確。

（3）名詞詞義辨析題。A選