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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-包頭輕工職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Her30-yearstudyoftheGombeNationalParkchimpanzeesisthelargestcontinuousfieldprojecteverrecorded.Ithasmadeher—andthechimpanzees—aliving______,earningherhonorarydegrees,doctoratesandwildlifeconservationawardsallovertheworld.

問題1選項

A.legend

B.specimen

C.maximum

D.document

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項legend“傳奇”;B選項specimen“樣本”;C選項maximum“最大限度”;D選項document“文件”。句意:她花了30年研究貢貝國家公園里的黑猩猩,是有記錄以來規(guī)模最大的連續(xù)野外研究項目。這讓她和黑猩猩們成為活生生的______,并獲得了世界各地的榮譽(yù)學(xué)位、博士學(xué)位和野生動物保護(hù)獎。這個項目是有記錄以來規(guī)模最大的連續(xù)野外研究項目,超出了人們的想象,A選項legend“傳奇”符合題意。因此A選項正確。

2.單選題

Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion—aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightrepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmembersofgroups.Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sinceearning$10millionwouldbenomorepleasantthanearning$10,therewouldbenoincentivetowork.Infact,therewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.

Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.Trulyweconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsare“good”andothersare“bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife—fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyexploitsouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyalty,morality,pride,shame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.Itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievementssuchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalandpenalsystemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinanti-socialacts.

1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey________.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton________.

4.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey________.

問題1選項

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings

問題2選項

A.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive

B.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother

C.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing

D.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety

問題3選項

A.theabilitytomakemoney

B.thewilltoworkforpleasure

C.thecapacitytoenjoyincentives

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences

問題4選項

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofit

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasks

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystem

D.helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項釋義】

Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat________.在沒有情感的世界里,人們無法生存的原因是________。

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjectsA.他們不能分辨物體的質(zhì)地

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothemB.他們不知道什么對他們是有益的,什么是有害的

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutloveC.如果沒有愛,他們的生活就不會幸福

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelingsD.他們會做一些傷害彼此感情的事情

【答案】B

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞stayalive定位到第二段第一句,該處講到“人類生存的機(jī)會幾乎為零(survivearenexttozero),因為(because)情感是我們生存和適應(yīng)的基本工具(emotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation)?!保痪o接著在下一句提出情感為什么是生存所必須的,也就是“情感以重要的方式為我們構(gòu)建了世界(Emotionsstructuretheworld)”;然后在該段倒數(shù)第三句點出情感對于在社會生存的作用,也就是“與物體和事件的情感經(jīng)歷使我們產(chǎn)生了一種社會認(rèn)同感,即認(rèn)為某些事情和行為是好的,其他的則是壞的(agreementthatcertainthingsandactionsare‘good’andothersare‘bad’)”,可知情感可以讓人知道什么是有益的,什么是有害的,這是情感對于生存很重要的原因,因此B選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“他們不能分辨物體的質(zhì)地”:對應(yīng)第二段第四句“的確,我們會考慮物體的質(zhì)地(texture),但一個物體的物理特性并不重要(lessimportant)”,物體的物理特性并沒有什么妨害,更不是讓人無法生存的原因,屬于反向干擾;

C選項“如果沒有愛,他們的生活就不會幸?!保簩?yīng)第一段第一句“想象一個突然失去情感的世界——一個人類感覺不到愛和幸福(feelnoloveorhappiness)的世界?!保畈恍腋?,并不等同不能生存,屬于偷換概念;

D選項“他們會做一些傷害彼此感情的事情”:沒有感情,就不存在傷害感情這件事,屬于曲解原文。

第2題:【選項釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey________.根據(jù)文章,人們的學(xué)習(xí)活動得以存在,因為他們________。

A.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayaliveA.認(rèn)為情感是他們生存的基礎(chǔ)

B.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanotherB.從互相提供幫助和支持中獲益

C.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthingC.享受因為做正確的事而得到的獎勵

D.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsocietyD.知道什么對社會進(jìn)步至關(guān)重要

【答案】C

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞learningactivities定位到第一段第四句,該處講到“他們不會學(xué)習(xí):因為這個沒有情感的世界缺少獎勵(rewards)和懲罰,他們無法從經(jīng)驗中獲益(benefitfromexperience)。”,可知人們學(xué)習(xí)是因為學(xué)習(xí)的經(jīng)驗讓他們進(jìn)步,學(xué)習(xí)帶來獎勵,因此C選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“認(rèn)為情感是他們生存的基礎(chǔ)”:情感是生存的基礎(chǔ),不代表就要學(xué)習(xí),屬于偷換概念;

B選項“從互相提供幫助和支持中獲益”:對于學(xué)習(xí)而言,是通過學(xué)習(xí)的經(jīng)驗帶來好處,而不是相互幫助帶來好處,屬于偷換概念;

D選項“知道什么對社會進(jìn)步至關(guān)重要”:文中沒有提到學(xué)習(xí)對社會進(jìn)步的重要作用,屬于無中生有。

第3題:【選項釋義】

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton________.從文章中可以推斷,社會的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)依賴于________。

A.theabilitytomakemoneyA.賺錢的能力

B.thewilltoworkforpleasureB.為娛樂而工作的意志

C.thecapacitytoenjoyincentivesC.享受獎勵的能力

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiencesD.我們的情感經(jīng)歷的分類

【答案】C

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞economicfoundationofsociety定位到第一段倒數(shù)第二句,該處講到“社會的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)將被摧毀(Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed):由于掙1000萬美元并不比掙10美元更令人愉快,人們將沒有工作的動力(noincentivetowork)?!?,可知社會經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)依賴于人們工作的動力,也就是享受獎勵的動力,因此C選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“賺錢的能力”:文中沒有提到,屬于無中生有;

B選項“為娛樂而工作的意志”:文中的獎勵不是娛樂,而是正確做事帶來的好處,人們?yōu)楠剟罟ぷ?,屬于偷換概念;

D選項“我們的情感經(jīng)歷的分類”:對應(yīng)第二段第五句“在我們的家庭、社區(qū)和整個社會中,我們也會根據(jù)情感進(jìn)行分類?!?,這里為第二段中心句,也就是第一句“情感是我們生存和適應(yīng)的基本工具”而服務(wù),跟社會的經(jīng)濟(jì)沒有關(guān)系,屬于偷換概念。

第4題:【選項釋義】

Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey________.一個物體的情感方面比它的物質(zhì)方面更重要,因為它們________。

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofitA.幫助社會利用其成員牟利

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasksB.鼓勵我們執(zhí)行重要的任務(wù)

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystemC.有助于完善法律和刑罰制度

D.helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingusD.幫助我們調(diào)整自己的行為以適應(yīng)周圍的世界

【答案】D

【考查點】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干中信息詞physicalaspects定位到第二段第四句,該處講到“一個物體的物理特性并不重要(physicalaspectsarelessimportant),重要的是它對我們做了什么或能做什么——傷害我們、讓我們吃驚、激怒我們或讓我們快樂(hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful)?!?,結(jié)合該段第六句“與物體和事件的情感經(jīng)歷使我們產(chǎn)生了一種社會認(rèn)同感(socialfeelingofagreement),即認(rèn)為某些事情和行為是好的,其他的則是壞的。我們把這些分類運用到社會生活的方方面面,從我們吃什么食物,穿什么衣服到我們?nèi)绾涡攀爻兄Z,以及哪種人會被社會接受(ourgroupwillaccept)?!?,一個物體重要在它的情感方面,而這些情感幫助判斷自己的行為是否被周遭環(huán)境接受,從而進(jìn)行調(diào)整,因此D選項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“幫助社會利用其成員牟利”:對應(yīng)文章倒數(shù)第二句“社會利用我們的情感反應(yīng)和態(tài)度來維持自身發(fā)展(maintainitself)”,社會用人們的情感來維持其自身的穩(wěn)定與發(fā)展,而不是牟利,屬于偷換概念;

B選項“鼓勵我們執(zhí)行重要的任務(wù)”和C選項“有助于完善法律和刑罰制度”:對應(yīng)文章最后一句“社會(It)對執(zhí)行重要任務(wù)的人給予高額獎勵(rewards),利用法律和刑罰制度使人們不敢從事反社會行為(makepeopleafraidtoengageinanti-socialacts)?!?,這里具體點出社會為了維持自身發(fā)展所做的事情,而非物體的情感方面所做的,屬于張冠李戴。

3.單選題

Therain()ourspiritsbecausewewereplanningtogoforapicnic.

問題1選項

A.decreased

B.dampened

C.moistened

D.hampered

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:下雨我們的熱情,因為我們本來要去野餐。Decreased降低,減少;dampened使...受挫;moistened弄濕;hampered妨礙。我們本來想去野餐,但是下雨妨礙了我們?nèi)ヒ安偷臒崆?。故選D。

4.單選題

TherearemanycopperminesinthestateofArizona,______contributessignificantlytothestate’seconomy.

問題1選項

A.afact

B.whichfact

C.whosefact

D.that

【答案】C

【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。句意:亞利桑那州有許多銅礦,這一事實對該州的經(jīng)濟(jì)做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。非限制性定語從句在句子中是一個獨立成分,不受主句的限制,也就是說從句去掉以后主句仍然成立;非限制性定語從句與先行詞和主句之間的關(guān)系不甚緊密,通常用逗號與主句分隔開;非限制性定語從句先行詞不用that,先行詞是關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞不能省略。A選項afact在這里不構(gòu)成從句,故錯誤。B選項whichfact不需要用名詞fact,故錯誤。D選項that不用在非限制性定語從句中,故錯誤。C選項whosefact符合句子意思和語法。因此C選項正確。

5.單選題

Thegovernment’s()istomakeupchieflyofthemoneywepayintaxes.

問題1選項

A.tariff

B.duty

C.revenue

D.tax

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。tariff“關(guān)稅”;duty“稅收”;revenue“稅收收入”;tax“稅金”。句意:政府的財政收入主要來源于我們的稅收。選項C符合題意。

6.單選題

Youshouldtryto(

)yourambitionandbemorerealistic.

問題1選項

A.reserve

B.restrain

C.retain

D.reclaim

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。reserve意為“預(yù)定,儲存,保留”;restrain意為“抑制,壓抑”;retain意為“保持”;reclaim意為“開拓,開墾”。

句意:你應(yīng)該控制你的野心,更現(xiàn)實一點。

7.單選題

Theengineershaveusedspecialmethodsto(

)thebridgeagainstdangerfromhighwinds.

問題1選項

A.suppress

B.lubricate

C.heave

D.ensure

【答案】D

【解析】Suppress抑制,鎮(zhèn)壓;lubricate潤滑;heave舉起,投擲;ensure確保。句意:工程師們使用特殊的方法來確保這座橋不受狂風(fēng)的危害。選項D符合句意。

8.單選題

TheUniversityinTransformation,editedbyAustralianfuturismSohaiiInayatullahandJenniferGidley,presentssome20highlyvariedoutlooksontomorrow'suniversitiesbywritersrepresentingbothWesternandnon一Westernperspectives.Theiressaysraiseabroadrangeofissues,questioningnearlyeverykeyassumptionwehaveabouthighereducationtoday.

ThemostwidelydiscussedalternativetothetraditionalcampusistheInternetUniversity--avoluntarycommunitytoscholars/teachersphysicallyscatteredthroughoutacountryoraroundtheworldbutalllinkedincyberspace.Acomputerizeduniversitycouldhavemanyadvantages,suchaseasyscheduling,efficientdeliveryoflecturestothousandsorevenmillionsofstudentsatonce,andreadyaccessforstudentseverywheretotheresourcesofalltheworld’sgreatlibraries.

YettheInternetUniversityposesdangers,too.Forexample,alineoffranchisedcourseware,producedbyafewsuperstarteachers,marketedunderthebrandnameofafamousinstitution,andheavilyadvertised,mighteventuallycometodominatetheglobaleducationmarked,warnssociologyprofessorPeterManicasoftheUniversityofHawaiiatManoa.Besidesenforcingarigidlystandardizedcurriculum,sucha“collegeeducationinabox”couldunderselltheofferingsofmanytraditionalbrickandmortarinstitutions,effectivelydrivingthemoutofbusinessandthrowingthousandsofcareeracademicsoutofwork,noteAustraliancommunicationsprofessorsDavidRooneyandGregHearn.

Ontheotherhand,whileglobalconnectivityseemshighlylikelytoplaysomesignificantroleinfuturehighereducation,thatdoesnotmeangreateruniformityincoursecontent-orotherdangers—willnecessarilyfollow.Counter-movementsarealsoatwork.

Manyinacademia,includingscholarscontributingtothisvolume,arequestioningthefundamentalmissionofuniversityeducation.Whatifforinstance,insteadofreceivingprimarilytechnicaltrainingandbuildingtheirindividualcareers,universitystudentsandprofessorscouldfocustheirlearningandresearcheffortsonexistingproblemsintheirlocalcommunitiesandtheworld?FeministscholarIvanaMilojevicdarestodreamwhatauniversitymightbecome“ifwebelievedthatchild-careworkersandteachersinearlychildhoodeducationshouldbeoneofthehighest(ratherthanlowest)paidprofessionals?”

Co-editorJenniferGidleyshowshowtomorrow'suniversityfaculty,insteadofgivinglecturesandconductingindependentresearch,maytakeonthreenewroles.Somewouldactasbrokers,assemblingcustomizeddegree-creditprogrammesforindividualstudentsbymixingandmatchingthebestcourseofferingsavailablefrominstitutionsallaroundtheworld.Asecondgroup,mentors,wouldfunctionmuchliketoday'sfacultyadvisers,butarelikelytobeworkingwithmanymorestudentsoutsidetheirownacademicspecialty.Thiswouldrequirethemtoconstantlybelearningfromtheirstudentsaswellasinstructingthem.

Athirdnewroleforfaculty,andinGidley'sviewthemostchallengingandrewardingofall,wouldbeasmeaning-makers:charismaticsagesandpractitionersleadinggroupsofstudents/colleaguesincollaborativeeffortstofindspiritualaswellasrationalandtechnologicalsolutionstospecificreal-worldproblems.

Moreover,thereseemstitlereasontosupposethatanyoneformofuniversitymustnecessarilydriveoutallotheroptions.Studentsmaybe"enrolled"incoursesofferedatvirtualcampusesontheInternet,between-orevenduring-sessionsatareal-worldproblem-focusedinstitution.

Asco-editorSohailInayatullahpointsoutinhisintroduction,nofutureisinevitable,andtheveryactofimaginingandthinkingthroughalternativepossibilitiescandirectlyaffecthowthoughtfully,creativelyandurgentlyevenadominanttechnologyisadaptedandapplied.Eveninacademia,thefuturebelongstothosewhocareenoughtoworktheirvisionsintopractical,sustainablerealities.

1.WhenthebookreviewerdiscussestheInternetUniversity,(

).

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTseenasapotentialoftheInternetUniversity?

3.Accordingtothereview,whatisthefundamentalmissionoftraditionaluniversityeducation?

4.Judgingfromthethreenewrolesenvisionedfortomorrow’suniversityfaculty,universityteachers

).

5.Whichcategoryofwritingdoesthereviewbelongto?

問題1選項

A.heisinfavourofit

B.hisviewisbalanced

C.heisslightlycriticalofit

D.heisstronglycriticalofit

問題2選項

A.Internet-basedcoursesmaybelesscostlythantraditionalones.

B.Teachersintraditionalinstitutionsmaylosetheirjobs.

C.Internet-basedcoursewaremaylackvarietyincoursecontent.

D.TheInternetUniversitymayproduceteacherswithalotofpublicity.

問題3選項

A.Knowledgelearningandcareerbuilding.

B.Learninghowtosolveexistingsocialproblems.

C.Researchingintosolutionstocurrentworldproblems.

D.Combiningresearcheffortsofteachersandstudentsinlearning

問題4選項

A.arerequiredtoconductmoreindependentresearch.

B.arerequiredtooffermorecoursestotheirstudents

C.aresupposedtoassumemoredemandingduties

D.aresupposedtosupervisemorestudentsintheirspecialty

問題5選項

A.Narration

B.Description

C.Persuasion

D.Exposition

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)原文可知,第二段講到了網(wǎng)絡(luò)大學(xué)的優(yōu)勢,第三段提到,網(wǎng)絡(luò)大學(xué)也帶來了危險,由此可知,他們的態(tài)度是客觀的不偏不倚的,所以選項B正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“Besidesenforcingarigidlystandardizedcurriculum,sucha“collegeeducationinabox”couldunderselltheofferingsofmanytraditionalbrickandmortarinstitutions,effectivelydrivingthemoutofbusinessandthrowingthousandsofcareeracademicsoutofwork.除了實施嚴(yán)格的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化課程,這種‘盒子里的大學(xué)教育’可能會以低于許多傳統(tǒng)實體院校的價格出售資料,有效地迫使它們停業(yè),并導(dǎo)致數(shù)千名職業(yè)學(xué)者失業(yè)?!边x項A“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)課程可能比傳統(tǒng)課程更便宜”符合原文;選項B“傳統(tǒng)學(xué)校的教師可能會失業(yè)”正確;選項C“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)課件在課程內(nèi)容上可能缺乏多樣性”與原文“實施標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化課程”相符,只有選項D在文中沒有提及,所以本題選D。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容“學(xué)術(shù)界的許多人,包括撰寫本卷的學(xué)者,都在質(zhì)疑大學(xué)教育的根本使命。例如,如果大學(xué)生和教授可以把他們的學(xué)習(xí)和研究工作集中在當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)和世界上存在的問題上,而不是接受主要的技術(shù)培訓(xùn)和建立自己的職業(yè)生涯,那會怎么樣?”由此可知,傳統(tǒng)大學(xué)教育的根本使命是:接受主要的技術(shù)培訓(xùn)和建立自己的職業(yè)生涯。也就是學(xué)習(xí)知識和職業(yè)建設(shè)。選項A符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段的內(nèi)容“JenniferGidley向我們展示了未來的大學(xué)教師們將如何扮演三個新角色,而不再是講課和進(jìn)行獨立研究?!庇纱丝膳懦x項A;根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二句“Asecondgroup,mentors,wouldfunctionmuchliketoday'sfacultyadvisers,butarelikelytobeworkingwithmanymorestudentsoutsidetheirownacademicspecialty.第二個,導(dǎo)師將會像今天的教師顧問一樣,但是可能會與更多自己專業(yè)外的學(xué)生合作?!庇纱丝膳懦x項D;選項B在文中沒有提及;所以只有選項C“需要承擔(dān)更艱巨的任務(wù)”是正確的。

5.判斷推理題。本題問的是這篇文章的寫作類型,Narration記敘文;Description描述;Persuasion說服;Exposition說明文。選項A和D屬于寫作類型,選項B和C屬于寫作手法,所以首先排除選項B和C。再根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知,本文主要講的是SohaiiInayatullah和JenniferGidley共同編撰的《轉(zhuǎn)型中的大學(xué)》這本書中所提到的內(nèi)容,屬于說明文。所以選項D正確。

9.單選題

Hisdutyfulfilled,Henryfeltagreatweight()offhismind.

問題1選項

A.taking

B.totake

C.taken

D.took

【答案】C

【解析】考査獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。take的邏輯主語是weight,兩者是被動關(guān)系,所以本題選C。

10.單選題

SnowbegantofallatroundaboutthebeginningoftheNewYearandcontinuedonandofffor______tendays.

問題1選項

A.appropriately

B.exceedingly

C.approximately

D.apprehensively

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項appropriately“適當(dāng)?shù)?,合適地,相稱地”,B項exceedingly“非常,極其,極度地”,C項approximately“大約,近似地,近于”,D項apprehensively“擔(dān)心地”。由tendays“10天”可知,“大約地”符合語境。句意:大約在新年伊始就下起了雪,斷斷續(xù)續(xù)下了大約十天。因此,該題選擇C項正確。

11.單選題

Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegainedadeeperappreciationoftherangeofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstriketopandemicflutoclimatechange.Youmightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardto.

Butsuchgloominessismisplaced.Thefossilrecordshowsthatmanyspecieshaveenduredformillionsofyears—sowhyshouldn’twe?Takeabroaderlookatourspecies’placeintheuniverse,anditbecomesclearthatwehaveanexcellentchanceofsurvivingfortens,ifnothundreds,ofthousandsofyears(see“100,000AD:Livinginthedeepfuture”).LookupHomosapiensintheIUCN’s“RedList”ofthreatenedspecies,andyouwillread:"ListedasLeast

Concernasthespeciesisverywidelydistributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,andtherearenomajorthreatsresultinginanoverallpopulationdecline.”

Sowhatdoesourdeepfuturehold?Agrowingnumberofresearchersandorganizationsarenowthinkingseriouslyaboutthatquestion.Forexample,theLongNowFoundation,basedinSanFrancisco,hascreatedaforumwherethinkersandscientistsareinvitedtoprojecttheimplicationsoftheirideasoververylongtimescales.Itsflagshipprojectisamechanicalclock,burieddeepinsideamountaininTexas,thatisdesignedtostillbemarkingtimethousandsofyearshence.

Thentherearescientistswhoaregivingseriousconsiderationtotheideathatweshouldrecognizeanewgeologicalera:theAnthropocene.They,too,arepullingthecamerarightbackandaskingwhathumanity’simpactwillbeontheplanet-inthecontextofstratigraphictime.

Perhapsperversely,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanaboutthemoreimmediatefuture.Thepotentialevolutionoftoday’stechnology,anditssocialconsequences,isdazzlinglycomplicated,andit’sperhapsbestlefttoscience-fictionwritersandfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilitieswecanenvisage.That’sonereasonwhywehavelaunchedArc,anewpublicationdedicatedtothenearfuture.

Buttakealongerviewandthereisasurprisingamountthatwecansaywithconsiderableassurance.Assooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuture:wehavenowidentifiedenoughofthelong-termpatternsshapingthehistoryoftheplanet,andourspecies,tomakeevidence-basedforecastsaboutthesituationsinwhichourdescendantswillfindthemselves.

Thislongperspectivemakesthepessimisticviewofourprospectsseemmorelikelytobeapassingfad.Tobesure,thefutureisnotallrosy:whileourspeciesmayflourish,agreatmanyindividualsmaynot.Butwearenowknowledgeableenoughtomitigatemanyoftherisksthatthreatenedtheexistenceofearlierhumans,andtoimprovethelotofthosetocome.Thinkingaboutourplaceindeeptimeisagoodwaytofocusonthechallengesthatconfrontustoday,andtomakeafutureworthlivingin.

1.Ourvisionofthefutureusedtobeinspiredby(

).

2.TheIUCN“RedList”suggeststhathumanbeingsare

).

3.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph5?

4.Toensurethefutureofmankind,itiscrucialto

).

5.AWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

問題1選項

A.ourdesireforfulfillment

B.ourfaithinscienceandtechnology

C.ourawarenessofpotentialrisks

D.ourbeliefinequalopportunity

問題2選項

A.asustainedspecies

B.theworld’sdominantpower

C.athreattotheenvironment

D.amisplacedrace

問題3選項

A.Archelpslimitthescopeoffuturologicalstudies.

B.Technologyofferssolutionstosocialproblem.

C.Theinterestinsciencefictionisontherise.

D.OurImmediatefutureishardtoconceive.

問題4選項

A.exploreourplanet'sabundantresources

B.adoptanoptimisticviewoftheworld

C.drawonourexperiencefromthepast

D.curbourambitiontoreshapehistory

問題5選項

A.UncertaintyaboutOurFuture

B.EvolutionoftheHumanSpecies

C.TheEver-brightProspectsofMankind

D.Science,TechnologyandHumanity

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。第一段指出:Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegainedadeeperappreciationoftherangeofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstriketopandemicflutoclimatechange.Youmightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardto(隨著我們對自身所面臨的各種從小行星碰撞到流感、氣候變化的威脅已更深入地了解,如今烏托邦(即理想中最美好的社會)已變得過時。你甚至可能禁不住地去認(rèn)為人類幾乎沒有未來可期待)。因此可推知B項“我們相信科學(xué)和技術(shù)”正確。

2.判斷推理題。第二段中:ListedasLeastConcernasthespeciesisverywidelydistributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,andtherearenomajorthreatsresultinginanoverallpopulationdecline(人類分布非常廣泛、適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)、數(shù)量正在不斷增加且沒有任何大的威脅會導(dǎo)致人類總?cè)丝诘南陆?,所以人類被列為最不瀕危的物種),因此選A項“一種可持續(xù)的物種”。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。第五段指出:Perhapsperversely,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanaboutthemoreimmediatefuture(或許反常的是相比考慮不久的將來,考慮如此長遠(yuǎn)的未來可能更容易),因此選D項“我們不久的將來難以設(shè)想”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。倒數(shù)第二段指出:Assooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuture...(如同經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的那樣,過去是掌握未來的關(guān)鍵……),因此選C項“利用我們來自過去的經(jīng)驗”。

5.主旨大意題。文章指出:你甚至可能禁不住地去認(rèn)為人類幾乎沒有未來可期待。然而這樣的沮喪卻是一種錯誤判斷?;涗洷砻骱芏辔锓N已生存了數(shù)百萬年,因此為何我們?nèi)祟惒豢赡苌鏀?shù)百萬年呢?,因此C項“人類的前景總是光明”比較適合作文章標(biāo)題。

12.單選題

IthoughtIsawwaterinthedistancebutitmusthavebeenanoptical().

問題1選項

A.perception

B.delusion

C.illusion

D.deception

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查了名詞辨析。perception“感知”;delusion“欺騙;錯覺”;illusion“錯覺;幻象”;deception“欺詐”,此句中有一個轉(zhuǎn)折詞but,所以可知前面所說的看到水是一種幻覺,所以可以排除選項A、D;delusion所指的錯覺通常是指心理上的誤解,所以此處應(yīng)該用illusion,故正確答案為選項C。句意為:我以為我看到了遠(yuǎn)處有水,但是這肯定是一種光影幻覺。

13.單選題

Aperson’soptimismlevelchangesovertheyears,dependingonwhat’shappeningintheirlife,thetypeofpeopletheysocializeandhowdeterminedtheyaretomotivatethemselves.

問題1選項

A.overtheyears

B.dependingon

C.socialize

D.howdetermined

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法。Socialize在句子中是動詞原形,表示“交際”;而該句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整,所以socialize不能用動詞原形的形式,根據(jù)它的邏輯主語they可知,它們之間是主動關(guān)系,因此這里要把socialize改為socializing做定語修飾thetypeofpeople。句意:一個人的樂觀水平會隨著時間的推移而改變,這取決于他們生活中發(fā)生的事情、他們所交往的人的類型以及他們激勵自己的決心。因此,該題選擇C項。

14.單選題

Allenwillsoonfindoutthatreallifeisseldomassimpleasitis(

)incommercials.

問題1選項

A.drafted

B.depicted

C.alleged

D.permeated

【答案】B

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。drafted“設(shè)計;挑選”;depicted“描述;描畫”;alleged“宣稱”;permeated“彌漫”。句意:艾倫將很快發(fā)現(xiàn)實際生活很少像廣告中描繪的那樣簡單。選項B符合題意。

15.單選題

Eventhoughhewasguilty,the(

)judgedidnotsendhimtoprison.

問題1選項

A.merciful

B.impartial

C.conscientious

D.conspicuous

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。merciful意為“仁慈的,寬恕的,溫和的”;impartial意為“公正的,不偏不倚的”;conscientious意為“一絲不茍的,認(rèn)真的”;conspicuous意為“明顯的”。由前面eventhough(即使,縱然)引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中的guilty和主句中的didnotsendhimtoprison表示thejudge是仁慈的,因此選A。

句意:即使他有罪,仁慈的法官也沒有把他送進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。

16.單選題

frightenedanddesertit.

問題1選項

A.shouldbe

B.wouldbe

C.willbe

D.couldbe

【答案】A

【解析】考察虛擬語氣。句意:當(dāng)鳥類觀察者們找到一個鳥巢時,

他們會非常小心不去打擾,

以免鳥媽媽受到驚嚇而遺棄它。Lest表示“以免”,

后面的虛擬語氣通常用should+動詞原形。所以選項A正確。

17.單選題

Manyofthemostflexibleexamplesoftooluseinanimalscomefromprimates(theorderthatincludeshumans,apes,andmonkeys).Forexample,manywildprimatesuseobjectstothreatenoutsiders.Buttherearemanyexamplesoftoolusebyothermammals,aswellasbybirdsandothertypesofanimals.

Toolsareusedbymanyspeciesinthecaptureorpreparationoffood.Chimpanzeesusesticksandpolestobringoutantsandtermitesfromtheirhidingplaces.AmongthemostcomplextooluseobservedinthewildistheuseofstonesbyIvoryCoastchimpanzeestocracknutsopen.Theyselectalargeflatstoneasananvil(aheavyblockonwhichtoplacethenuts)andasmallerstoneasahammer,sometimescarryahaulofnutsmorethan40meterstofindasuitableanvil.Theuseoftoolsinchimpanzeesisespeciallyinterestingbecausetheseanimalssometimesmodifytoolstomakethembettersuitedfortheirintendedpurpose.Tomakeatwigmoreeffectivefordiggingouttermites,forexample,achimpmayfirststripitofitsleaves.

Surprisingly,thereisalsoaspeciesofbirdthatusesstickstoprobeholesinthesearchforinsects.OneofthespeciesofGalapagosfinch,thewoodpeckerfinch,picksuporbreaksoffatwig,cactusspine,orleafstein.Thisprimitivetoolisthenheldinthebeakandusedtoprobeforinsectsinholesintreesthatthebirdcannotprobedirectlywithitsbeak.Birdshavebeenseentocarrytwigsfromtreetotreesearchingforprey.

Toolsmayalsobeusedfordefense.Hermitcrabsgrabseaanemoneswiththeirclawsandusethemasweaponstorepeltheirenemies.Studieshavedemonstratedthatthesecrabssignificantlyimprovetheirchancesagainstpredatorssuchasoctopusbymeansofthistactic.Also,manyspeciesofforest-dwellingprimatesdefendthemselvesbythrowingobjects,includingstones,atintruders.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,IvoryCoastchimpanzeesareamongthemostremarkableofanimaltoolusersbecausethey(

).

3.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthebehaviorofthewoodpeckerfinch?

4.Accordingtothepassage,studieshaveshownthathermitcrabsmanagetoturnoctopusawayby

).

5.ForestprimatesandcertainseaanimalsarementionedinthepassageasexamplesofanimalsthatusetoolsEXCEPTfor(

).

問題1選項

A.Primatesaresuperiortootheranimalsinusingtools.

B.Theuseofstonesastoolsissimilaracrossdifferentanimalspecies.

C.Birdsandprimatesusetoolsthataredifferentfromthoseofseaanimals.

D.Manyanimalshavedevelopedeffectivewaysofusingtools.

問題2選項

A.usetoolstogatherfood

B.usemorethanonetooltoaccomplishatask

C.transporttoolsfromoneplacetoanother

D.hidetheirtoolsfromotheranimals

問題3選項

A.Itusesitsbeakasaweaponagainstitsenemies.

B.Itusesthesametwigtolookforfoodindifferenttrees.

C.Itusestwigsandleavestobuilditsnest.

D.Itavoidsareaswherecactusgrows.

問題4選項

A.attackingtheoctopuswiththeirclaws

B.usingstonesasweapons

C.defendingthemselveswithseaanemones

D.hidingunderseaplants

問題5選項

A.self-protection

B.foodpreparation

C.huntingprey

D.buildingnestsorhome

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章討論的主要問題是……”。文章第一段提到動物使用工具,主要是靈長類,但也有其他一些哺乳動物、鳥類等;第二段提到很多種類的動物使用工具來捕捉食物;第三段提到有些動物使用工具來挖洞或者找昆蟲;最后一段提到動物使用工具來攻擊。由此可知選項D“許多動物開發(fā)了工具的有效使用

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