2022屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)易錯題型 閱讀理解-概括主旨大意類

高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)易錯題型專訓(xùn)（2）閱讀理解---概括主旨大意類1.Amachinethattakessweat-laden(浸滿汗水的)clothesandturnsthesweatintodrinkingwaterisinuseinSweden.Themachinemakestheclothesturnroundquickly,heatsthemtoremovethesweat,andthenpassesthesteamthroughakindofspecialmaterialtomakepurifiedwater.Sinceithasbeenbroughtintouse,itscreatorssaymorethan1000peoplehavedrunkothers’“sweat”inGothenburg.Theyaddtheliquidiscleanerthanlocaltapwater.ThedevicewasbuiltfortheUnitedNations’child-focusedcharityUNICEFtopromoteacampaignhighlightingthefactthat780millionpeopleintheworldlackaccesstocleanwater.ThemachinewasdesignedandbuiltbytheengineerAndreasHammar,knownlocallyforhisappearancesonTVtechshow“Mekatronik”.HesaidthekeypartofthesweatmachinewasanewwaterpurificationpartdevelopedbyacompanynamedHVR.“Itusesatechniquecalledmembranedistillation(膜蒸餾),”hetoldtheBBC.“Weuseaspecialkindofmaterialthatonlyletssteamthroughbutkeepsbacteria,salts,clothingfibersandotherthingsout.TheyhavesomethingsimilartotheInternationalSpaceStation,butourmachineischeapertobuild.Theamountofwateritproducesdependsonhowsweatythepersonis,butoneperson’sT-shirttypicallyproduces10ml,aboutamouthful.”ThedevicehasbeenputonshowattheGothiaCup-theworld’slargestinternationalyouthfootballtournament.MattiasRonge,chiefexecutiveofStockholm-basedadvertisingagencyDeportivo,saidthemachinehadhelpedraiseawarenessforUNICEF,butinrealityhaditslimitations.“Peoplehaven’tproducedasmuchsweataswehoped–rightnowtheweatherinGothenburgislousy,”MattiasRongesaid.“Sowe’veequippedthemachinewithexercisebikesandvolunteersarecyclinglikecrazy.Evenso,thedemandforsweatisgreaterthanthesupply.Andthemachinewillneverbeproducedinlargenumbers,sincetherearebettersolutionsouttheresuchaswaterpurifyingpills.”1.Whichofthefollowingisthedisadvantageofthesweatmachine?A.Theamountofwaterthemachineproducesisratherlimited.B.Ittakestoolongforthemachinetoproducewater.C.Itcostsalargeamountofmoneytobuildthemachine.D.Thewaterprocessedbythemachineisnotcleanenough.2.UNICEFismentionedinthetextto________.A.showhowthesweatmachineworks B.showtheimportanceoftheUnitedNationsC.explainwhythesweatmachinewasinvented D.telluswhoinventedthesweatmachine3.WhatdidMattiasRongethinkofthesweatmachine?A.Itcouldonlybeusedinsummer. B.Itwasnotworthpopularizing.C.Itdidnotworkatall. D.Thewateritproducedtastedsweet.4.Thetextiswrittenmainlytotellusthat___________.A.780millionpeopleintheworldlackaccesstocleanwaterB.amachinewhichturnssweatintodrinkingwaterisinventedC.abettersolutiontopurifyingdirtywaterisdiscoveredD.thepillwhichturnsdirtywaterintocleanwaterisproduced2.Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof,6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.1.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast. B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns D.Theywerecloselyconnected.2.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Complex B.Advanced. C.Powerful D.Modern.3.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6,800 B.About3,400 C.About2,400 D.About1,2004.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.3.Itcannotbedeniedthatweallwanttosucceed,whetheritisinlosingweightorlearningtheguitar.Forthosewhohavetriedandfailed,successseemsdifficulttounderstand.Whydoesonepersonsucceedwhereanotherpersonfails?Ihavemadealistoffourhabitstohelpsetgoalsandachievethem.IdentifyyourcorevaluesFindingyourcorevaluesisinlinewithcreatinginnermotivation.Sitandreflectonwhatyouvaluemost.Pickahandfulofthingsandactuallywritethemdown.Remindyourselfofyourvalueseveryday,andreflectonwhetheryouarehonoringthosevaluesthroughyourwork.PickagoalandfocusonitChooseonegoaltostartsomethinglargeenoughthatwillgiveyouasenseofaccomplishment,whileadjustingwelltoyourcorevalues.Focusiskeyhere.Themorefocusedyouareononegoal,thehigherchanceyouhaveofsuccess.Ifyouperformagreatmanytasksatatime,youmightnevercompleteyourprojectsbecausetheywilltakefartoolong.SetadeadlineforsuccessTosetadateordeadlineforsuccessismeaningfulandnecessary.Identifywhenyouhopetoachieveyourgoal.Keepitrealistic,whilenotgivingyoutoomuchtime.Bysettingatimelimit,youaremakingtheprocessmorerealandplanned.Sticktoyourgoal.Failurecan’tbeavoidedtosomeextentwhenyoutakerisks,byitsverydefinition,thedesiretosucceedmeansyouareriskingfailure.Manypeopletendtogiveupfartooearly.Don’tfallintothistrap!Rememberyourmindset(心態(tài))earlier.Knowitwillhappen.Afailureismerelyyouworkingoutthedetails,andlearningwhatworksandwhatdoesn’t.Usefailure.Treatitasagoodthing,andmarchon!Inyourlifetime,youhavemanyopportunitiestosucceed.Whileintheprocessyoumayencounter(遭遇)plentyoffailures,butonconditionthatyousticktothefourhabitsabove,youwillbeabsolutelysuccessfulsoonerorlater.1.Youwouldhaveabetterchancetosucceedifyou_________.A.reflectonyourgoalmore B.aremoreconcentratedonagoalC.aremoreeagertosucceed D.tryyourbesttoavoidfailure2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Peoplearealleagertosucceedinlife.B.Realizingcorevaluescanmakeinnermotivation.C.Youareboundtosucceedifyoufollowthefourhabits.D.failureissometimesnotabadthing.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthepassagereferto?A.detail. B.Failure. C.Goal. D.Success.4.Thebesttitleforthepassagecouldbe_________.A.FourHabitstoHelpYouSucceed B.MaketherightdecisionC.Failureisthemotherofsuccess D.Findthecorevaluesofsuccess4.Imaginethatyou’rethecreatorandshowrunnerofthenewestcomedyshowontelevision.Onlyitisn’tsopopularyet,andyourliveStudioaudienceisn’tgivingyouthebiglaughstheshowdeserves.Doyoufilmtheshowalloveragain,hopingthatthistimetheaudiencewilllaugh?Oristhereanotheroptionformakingajokesoundfunnierthanitwasreceived?Sweeten(改善)thesoundbyaddingalaughtrack!“Sweetening,”ortheadditionofsoundeffectssuchaslaughs,screams,andotheraudience-producednoisestotheaudiotrackofaTVshow,hasbeenusedsincethe1940stoproducetheappearance,orratherthesound,ofanengagedandentertainedresponsetoashow’scomedy.Laughtrackscameintoexistenceasnotonlyasolution,andsometimesreplacement,foranunengagedliveaudiencebutalsoasawaytoengageanat-homeaudienceintoamore-traditional,public,andtheaterlikeexperience.Addingalaughtracktoatelevisionshowmakestheviewersathomefeelmuchlesslikethey’resittingonacouchstaringatthetelevisionscreenandmuchmorelikethey’reinaroomfulloflaughinghappypeopletovaryingdegreesofsuccess.Thoughtheartofsweeteninghasrisenandfalleninpopularityoverthepast60years,creditforitscreationandcontinueduseisowedtolaugh-trackpioneerandsoundengineerCharlesDouglass.Douglasswasthefirsttodevelop,in1953,amachineforproducing“cannedlaughter”,accessibleatthepushofabuttonorpullofalever(操縱桿).Despitebeingartificial,sensiblyeditedlaughtracksarefoundbytelevisionstudiostobringaboutapositiveaudienceresponse,astheiruseisusuallyaccompaniedbyhigherratingsandincreasedaudiencememory.Thoughsometelevisionaudiencesmaydisagreewiththevalueofthelaughtrack,thecheerfulandrepetitivesoundholdsapermanentplaceinthehistoryandfutureoftelevisioncomedy.1.Theauthorusesthefirstparagraphto

.A.introducethetopic“sweetening” B.seeksolutionsfortheproblemC.pointoutawayofmakingcomedies D.arousereaders’interestincomedies2.Whateffectdoesalaughtrackproduce?A.Thecreationofashow. B.Funniersoundinashow,C.Moreengagedliveaudience D.CommunicationamongTVviewers.3.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardstheuseofthelaughtrack?A.Doubtful. B.Positive. C.Neutral(中立的). D.Uncertain,4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Thereasonforusinglaughtracks. B.Thebriefhistoryoflaughtracks.C.ThedevelopmentofTVcomedies. D.Thewaytoimprovetelevisionshows.5.Oneinfivewomenandoneineightmenarebecomingmoretiredandlessproductive,accordingtoanewAustralianstudyonmobilephoneuse.LedbytheQueenslandUniversityofTechnologyinAustralia,researcherssurveyed709mobilephoneusersacrossthecountryaged18to83andaskedthemaseriesofquestionsbasedonasimilarstudy13yearsago.Identifyingaphenomenon“technoference(科技干擾)”,researchersdiscoveredasignificantincreaseinpeopleblamingtheirdevicesfor“l(fā)osingsleep,becominglessproductiveandevengettingmoreachesandpains”.Accordingtothestudy'sleadauthorDrOscar,theissueissobadthat24percentofwomenand15percentofmenarenowconsideredtobe“problematicmobilephoneusers”.“Whenwetalkabouttechnoferencewe'rereferringtotheeverydayintrusions(侵入)andinterruptionsthatpeopleexperienceduetomobilephonesandtheirusage,”hesaid.“Oursurveyfoundtechnoferencehadincreasedamongmenandwomen.Forexample,self-reportsrelatingtothelossofsleepandproductivityshowedthatthesenegativeoutcomeshadsignificantlyincreasedduringthelast13years.Thisfindingsuggeststhatmobilephonesarepotentiallyincreasinglyaffectingaspectsofdaytimefunctioningduetolackofsleep.”Comparedtoa2005study,“technoference”issuesfor18-to24-year-oldsexperiencedasurprising40.9percentrise,whilethoseaged25to29alsorecordedadramaticincreaseof23.5percent.Oscarsaidthatwiththenumberofsmartphoneusersaroundtheworldexpectedtosurpass2.5billionbeforetheendofthisyear,theproblemof"technoference"couldgetevenworse.“Thespeedanddepthofsmartphonetake-upmakesourpopulationparticularlyvulnerabletosomeofthenegativeconsequencesofhighmobilephoneuse,”hesaid.“Rapidtechnologicalinnovationshaveledtodramaticchangesintoday'smobilephonetechnology,whichcanimprovethequalityoflifeforphoneusersbutalsoresultinsomenegativeoutcomes.”1.Howarepeopleaffectedbytechnoferenceaccordingtothetext?A.Itmakespeopleaddictedtocommunicatingonline.B.Itpushespeopletoworkatafastpace.C.Itcausespeopletosleeplessatnight.D.Itbringsnegativeoutcomestopeopleofallages.2.Whichgrouparemostinfluencedbysmartphones?A.Youngwomen. B.Youngmea. C.Children. D.Seniors.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"vulnerable"inparagraph5probablymean?A.Widelyspread. B.Deeplydevoted. C.Easilyhurt. D.Absolutelyaccustomed.4.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Theincreasingsideeffectsofsmartphones. B.Waystosolvetechnoferenceproblem.C.Smartphonesandpeople'shappiness. D.Thepopularityofsmartphones.6.Sometimeswemayfindthateveryweektherearealotofnewstoriesabouthowclimatechangeisaffectingtheplanet,ornewplanstobattleitseffects.Buttheconceptitselfisn’tnewatall—infact,scientistshavebeenexploringquestionsaboutclimatechangeforalmost200years.Theideaof“greenhousegases”goesbackto1824,whenJosephFourierwonderedwhatwasregulatingtheearth’stemperature.Fourierconcludedthattheatmospheremustberesponsibleforcontainingtheheatabsorbedfromthesunanddescribeditasaboxwithaglasslid:Aslightshinesthroughtheglass,theinsidegetswarmerasthelidtrapstheheat.AsFourier’sideasspread,itcametobecalled“thegreenhouseeffect”.Scientistscontinuedtostudythegreenhouseeffect.NotuntilaSwedishchemistnamedSvanteArrheniuscamealong,didscientistsunderstandhowglobalwarmingactuallyworks.Afteryearsofwork,Arrheniusdeterminedthatthelevelofcarbondioxideintheatmospheredidinfacthaveadirecteffectonglobaltemperatures.ArrheniusfoundthatCO2,andothergasestrapradiation,whichwarmstheatmosphere.Arrheniuswasthefirsttosuspectthatburningcoalcouldcontributetothegreenhouseeffect.ButArrheniuswelcomedthewarmingeffectontheplanet.Atalecturelaterthatyear,Arrheniusnotedthatcreaturesofawarmerearth“mightliveunderamilderskyandinlessbarrensurroundings”.WhileArrhenius’findingswonhimthe1903NobelPrizeinchemistry,scientistskeptdebatingwhetherthegreenhouseeffectwasincreasinguntil1950,whenresearchersfinallybegantofindstrongdatasupportingit.Bytheendofthe1950s,Americanscientistshadbeensoundingthealarmonthelong-termconsequencesofclimatechange.ClimatechangeresearchhascomealongwaysinceFourierfirstdescribedthegreenhouseeffect—still,maybeArrheniusshouldhavebeenmorecarefulofwhathewishedfor.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?A.Theclimatechange. B.Thegreenhouseeffect.C.Theatmosphere. D.Theheatfromthesun.2.Whendidthescientistsfirstfindevidenceforthebadeffectofglobalwarming?A.In1824. B.In1903. C.In1950. D.200yearsago.3.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsArrhenius’wish?A.Optimistic. B.Negative. C.Neutral. D.Ambiguous.4.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Causesofclimatechange. B.Effectsofgreenhousegases.C.Findingsaboutglobalwarming. D.Explorationsonclimatechange.7.

Anewstudyhasfoundtheamountofantibiotics(抗生素)giventofarmanimalsisexpectedtoincreasebytwo-thirdsoverthenext15years.Researchersarelinkingthegrowingdependenceonthedrugstotheincreasingneedformeat,milkandeggs.However,thedrugscouldquickenthe

developmentofantibiotic-resistantinfections(感染).Suchinfectionsarealreadyamajorpublic,healthconcernintheUnitedStates.

TheWorldHealthOrganizationnotesthatwhenpeoplestoplivinginpoverty(貧困),thefirstthingtheywanttodoiseatbetter,ratherthanearnmoremoney.Formostpeople,thatmeanstheirdietshouldcontainmoremeat.WiththerapiddevelopmentofAsia,peoplethereareeatingnearlyfourtimesasmuchmeat,milkandothermilkproductsastheydid50yearsago.

Tomeettheneed,farmershaveputmanyanimalsintosmallerspaces.Astheanimalsarecrowdedtogether,theeasiestwaytodealwithsomeoftheproblemsofcrowdingistogivethemantibiotics.It'sclearthatantibioticshelpanimalsstayhealthyinacrowdedenvironmentandgrowfaster.Butbacteriacandevelopresistancetothedrugsgradually.

Nowadays,doctorsfindantibioticsthatonceworkedagainsttheinfectionsnolongerwork.Thebacteriahavelearnedwaystofightagainstthedrugs.Theheavyuseofantibioticsinanimalsisresponsibleforthegrowthofantibioticresistanceworldwide.IntheUnitedStates,atleasttwomillionpeoplegetdrug-resistantinfectionseachyearandatleast23,000diefromaninfection.

Europehasbannedtheuseofantibioticstoincreaseanimalgrowth.AndtheUnitedStatesishopingtopersuadefarmerstostopusingantibioticsforthatpurpose.(1).Whataccountsfortheincreasingamountofantibioticsgiventofarmanimals?A.Thedesirefornewdrugs. B.Thelesseffectiveantibiotics.C.Theoutdatedfarmtechnology. D.Theneedformorevariousfoods.(2).WhatdomostpeoplewanttodofirstwhentheygetridofpovertyaccordingtotheWHO?A.Makealotofmoney. B.Focusmoreonhealth.C.Havemoremeatintheirdiet. D.Liveinabetterenvironment.(3).Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Antibioticsdoharmtoanimals. B.Antibioticshelpanimalsstayhealthy.C.AntibioticsareusedheavilyinEurope. D.Antibiotic-resistantbacteriaspreadtopeople.(4).What'sthepassagemainlyabout?A.Anewwayofraisingfarmanimals. B.Theadvantagesofusingantibiotics.C.Thereasonforbanningtheuseofantibiotics. D.Thenegativeeffectofantibioticsinfarmanimals.8.

Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity,forexample,isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896,Dawson,Canada,wasunmappedwilderness(荒野).Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein1897,andtwoyearslater,itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest,withapopulationof30,000.

DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.Peoplewentthereforgold.Theytravelledoversnow-coveredmountainsandsailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.ThepathtoDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarning.Anavalanche(雪崩)onceclosedthepath,killing63people.FormanywhomadeittoDawson,however,therewardswereworththedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.

Butnomatterhowrichtheywere,Dawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive.Butsoon,thegoldthatDawsondependedonhadallbeenfound.Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown,andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.Today,peoplestillcomeandgo—toseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.TourismisnowthechiefindustryofDawsonCity—itspresentpopulationis762.(1).WhatattractedtheearlysettlerstoNewYorkCity?A.Itsbusinessculture. B.Itssmallpopulation.C.Itsgeographicalposition. D.Itsfavourableclimate.(2).WhatdoweknowaboutthosewhofirstdugforgoldinDawson?A.Two-thirdsofthemstayedthere. B.Oneoutoffivepeoplegotrich.C.Almosteveryonegaveup. D.Halfofthemdied.(3).WhatwasthemainreasonformanypeopletoleaveDawson?A.Theyfoundthecitytoocrowded. B.Theywantedtotrytheirluckelsewhere.C.Theywereunabletostandthewinter. D.Theywereshortoffood.(4).Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theriseandfallofacity. B.ThegoldrushinCanada.C.Journeysintothewilderness. D.TourisminDawson.

答案以及解析1.答案：1.A;2.C;3.B;4.B

解析：1.推理判斷題.根據(jù)最后一段"So

we've

equipped

the

machine

with

exercise

bikes

and

volunteers

are

cycling

like

crazy.Even

so,the

demand

for

sweat

is

greater

than

the

supply.所以我們裝備健身自行車,志愿者瘋狂的騎自行車.即便如此,汗水的需求大于供給可知.因為人們并沒有分泌出很多的汗水,所以這種機(jī)器凈化出的水的數(shù)量也很少.故選A.

2.推理判斷題.根據(jù)文章第三段The

device

was

built

for

the

United

Nations'child-focused

charity

UNICEF

to

promote

a

campaign

highlighting

the

fact

that

780

million

people

in

the

world

lack

accessto

clean

water.可知這臺裝置是為了聯(lián)合國的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)UNICEF而設(shè)計的,目的是為了提高人們對于清潔水源的保護(hù).所以提到UNICEF就是為了解釋設(shè)計這一機(jī)器的原因.故C正確.

3.推理判斷題.根據(jù)最后一句And

the

machine

will

never

be

produced

in

large

numbers,since

there

are

better

solutions

out

there

such

as

water

purifying

pills可知Mattias

Ronge認(rèn)為這種機(jī)器不可能被大量生產(chǎn),因為有比它更好的處理凈化水的方法,這種機(jī)器不值得推廣.故B項正確.

4.主旨大意題.本文介紹了一種能夠把人的汗水變成清潔的飲用水的機(jī)器的工作原理以及人們對這一機(jī)器的看法;故選B.2.答案：1.B;2.C;3.B;4.C

解析：1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers...theyspokeperhaps.12,000languagesbetweenthem.可知,在狩獵時代雖然人口很少,但語言種類很多。

2.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句中的increasinglytakingover意為"越來越占據(jù)統(tǒng)治地位",可知dominant意為"占優(yōu)勢的;占支配地位的",與C項同義。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Themediannumberofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.以及第四段第一句中的thetotalof6,800languages可知答案為B。

4.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,文章主要講述隨著人類社會的發(fā)展,語言的種類越來越少,故C項為正確答案。3.答案：1.B;2.C;3.B;4.A

解析：1.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。由Pickagoalandfocusonit部分的Themorefocusedyouareononegoal,thehigherchanceyouhaveofsuccess.可知與B項一致。

2.推理判斷題。A、B、D都可以從原文中推斷出來。而C項錯就錯在areboundto(一定會,必然),根據(jù)文章可知,遵循了文章提到的四個習(xí)慣會成功,但由文章最后兩段可知,也有看能會失敗的。故C項錯誤。

3.詞義猜測題。由it所在段落Failurecan’tbeavoidedtosomeextentwhenyoutakerisks,byitsverydefinition,thedesiretosucceedmeansyouareriskingfailure.可知有的時候,失敗總是不可避免的,所以Rememberyourmindsetearlier.(早一點有這種會失敗的心態(tài)),那么當(dāng)失敗真正到來的時候,不會太過沮喪和一蹶不振。所以Knowitwillhappen.理應(yīng)就是指:要知道失敗可能會發(fā)生。而下一句Afailureismerelyyou…一直到段尾都是講述關(guān)于失敗的內(nèi)容。故選B符合上下語境。

4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)首段的最后一句Ihavemadealistoffourhabitstohelpsetgoalsandachievethem.可知,本文作者主要給讀者提供了四個幫助取得成功的好習(xí)慣。符合A項。B項文不對題;C和D項過于片面。4.答案：1.A;2.B;3.B;4.A

解析：1.推理判斷題.根據(jù)第一段中Doyoufilmtheshowalloveragain,hopingthatthistimetheaudiencewilllaugh?Oristhereanotheroptionformakingajokesoundfunnierthanitwasreceived?和第二段第一句Sweeten(改善)thesoundbyaddingalaughtrack!可知你是希望這一次觀眾會笑,把整個節(jié)目都拍一遍嗎?還是有別的辦法讓一個笑話聽起來比收到的更有趣?通過添加笑料來增加聲音的親和力!由此可見,作者用第一段來引入本文話題"sweetening".故選A.

2.推理判斷題.根據(jù)第二段中"Sweetening,"ortheadditionofsoundeffectssuchaslaughs,screams,andotheraudience-producednoisestotheaudiotrackofaTVshow,hasbeenusedsincethe1940stoproducetheappearance,orratherthesound,ofanengagedandentertainedresponsetoashow'scomedy.可知甜蜜",或者在電視節(jié)目的音頻軌上添加一些聲音效果,如笑聲、尖叫聲和其他觀眾產(chǎn)生的噪音,從20世紀(jì)40年代起就被用來制作一個對一個節(jié)目的喜劇有興趣和娛樂性的反應(yīng)的外觀,或者更確切地說是聲音.由此可見,笑聲聲帶在一場表演中會帶來更有趣的聲音.故選B.

3.推理判斷題.根據(jù)最后一段最后一句Thoughsometelevisionaudiencesmaydisagreewiththevalueofthelaughtrack,thecheerfulandrepetitivesoundholdsapermanentplaceinthehistoryandfutureoftelevisioncomedy.可知盡管有些電視觀眾可能不同意笑軌的價值,但歡樂和重復(fù)的聲音在電視喜劇的歷史和未來中占有永久的地位.由此可見,作者對笑聲聲帶的態(tài)度是肯定的.故選B.

4.主旨大意題.根據(jù)第二段中Addingalaughtracktoatelevisionshowmakestheviewersathomefeelmuchlesslikethey'resittingonacouchstaringatthetelevisionscreenandmuchmorelikethey'reinaroomfulloflaughinghappypeopletovaryingdegreesofsuccess.可知在電視節(jié)目中添加一個笑紋會讓家里的觀眾感覺更不像是坐在沙發(fā)上盯著電視屏幕看,更像是坐在一個充滿歡笑的人的房間里,取得了不同程度的成功.由此可見,本文談?wù)摰氖鞘褂眯β暵晭У脑?故選A.5.答案：1.C;2.A;3.C;4.A

解析：1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章第二段Identifyingaphenomenon"technoference(科技干擾)",researchersdiscoveredasignificantincreaseinpeopleblamingtheirdevicesfor"losingsleep,becominglessproductiveandevengettingmoreachesandpains",可知,人們受到技術(shù)參考的影響,導(dǎo)致人們晚上睡眠不足.故選C.

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題,根據(jù)文章第三段的句子Accordingtothestudy'sleadauthorDr.Oscar,theissueissobadthat24percentofwomenand15percentofmenarenowconsideredtobe"problematicmobilephoneusers".可知,年輕女士受到智能手機(jī)影響最大.故選A.

3.詞義猜測題.根據(jù)文章劃線詞的句子Thespeedanddepthofsmartphonetake-upmakesourpopulationparticularly

vulnerable

tosomeofthenegativeconsequencesofhighmobilephoneuse智能手機(jī)使用的速度和深度使我們的人口特別容易受到高手機(jī)使用率的一些負(fù)面影響,可知,"vulnerable"意為"脆弱的,容易受傷的"意思.故選C.

4.主旨大意題,根據(jù)文章最后一段的內(nèi)容Oscarsaidthatwiththenumberofs