考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南昌航空大學(xué)科技學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南昌航空大學(xué)科技學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

30多年來(lái)，外商直接投資的引入不僅帶來(lái)了資金，更帶來(lái)了先進(jìn)的技術(shù)設(shè)備、管理和經(jīng)營(yíng)理念，有力地促進(jìn)了中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)制度、技術(shù)和管理創(chuàng)新。正因如此，我們?cè)诮衲?月公開(kāi)征求意見(jiàn)，對(duì)“自主創(chuàng)新”產(chǎn)品的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行了調(diào)整，上述結(jié)果說(shuō)明，所有外國(guó)企業(yè)都得到了一視同仁的對(duì)待，他們的產(chǎn)品被視為“中國(guó)制造”，和中國(guó)企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品適用同樣的原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則。自從加入世界貿(mào)易組織以來(lái)，中國(guó)不斷降低外資準(zhǔn)入門檻。1997年以來(lái)，我們4次修訂《外商投資產(chǎn)業(yè)指導(dǎo)目錄》。

(參考詞匯：self-dependentinnovative:consultation;rulesoforigin;entrythreshold)

【答案】

Overthelastthreedecades,foreigndirectinvestmenthasbroughtcapital,advancedtechnologiesandbusinessknow-howtoChina.WeunderstandthatFDIfostersinnovation.Thatiswhy,inApril,weheldapublicconsultationtoreviewthecriteriaweusetoaccredit“self-dependentinnovativeproducts”.Theresultsemphasizedthatallforeignenterprisesaregivenequaltreatmentandthatalltheirproductsareconsideredtobe“madeinChina”,whilethesamerulesoforiginareappliedtothemastoChineseproducts.SincejoiningtheWorldTradeOrganization,Chinahascontinuallyloweredtheentrythresholdforforeigninvestment.Since1997,wehaverevisedtheCatalogueofIndustriesforForeignInvestmentGuidancefourtimes.

2.單選題

Thoughdiamondsenjoythereputationof（1）agirl'sbestfriend,emeraldsinfactaremore（2）-andmorevaluable.

"Sought（3）fortheirrichcolor,regalhistoryandidentifiablelook,emeraldsareoneofthemosticonicgemstonesinthejewelryindustry,AmandaGizzi,aspokesperson（4）JewelersofAmerica,aNewYork-basedtradeassociation,saidinanemail.

OnApril25,thepublicwillhavetheopportunitytoownsomeofthemostmagnificentandvaluableemeraldsintheworld,whenthey（5）forsaleatGuernsey'sauctionhouseinNewYork.

Withmorethan20cutandrawstonesand13spectacularpiecesofjewelry,therareemeralds（6）allcomefromasinglecollectionthatwascompiledbyemeraldspecialistManuelMarcialdeGomar（7）hislongcareerintheemeraldindustry.

OneofthehighlightsofthesaleisacollectionofcutemeraldsfromthegreatSpanishshipwreckNuestraSenoradeAtocha,agalleonthat（8）theFloridacoastin1622.

Thewreckisconsidered"themostvaluable（9）shipwreckinhistory,accordingtothecatalog（10）thesale,largely（11）itsnumerousMuzoemeralds,whichareprizedfortheirdeep,cleargreen.

WhentreasurehunterMelFisher（12）retrievethegalleon'slostbountyinthe1980s,hehiredMarcialtohelphimappraisethestonesandjewels（13）theship'swreckage.

Severalofthesestones,（13）Marcialaspaymentforhiswork,areonofferintheGuernsey’ssale,andincludetheNinePillarsofAndes,agroupofnineroughstonestotalingover91caratsandcarryinganestimatedpriceof$2.5millionto$3.5million;andthe4.39caratQueenoftheSea,estimatedtosellfor$250,000to$350,000.

Alsoincludedinthesaleisthe887-caratLaGloria,whichGuernsey'sbillsas"oneofthelargestmuseum-qualityemeraldsintheworld,"(estimate$4-5million);andtheMarcialdeGomarStarEmerald,the（15）staremeraldeverfound(estimate$2-3million),notableforitsdouble-sidedcabochon,andoneofonly11staremeraldsknowntoexist.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.being

B.be

C.been

D.is

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.beautiful

B.rare

C.wonderful

D.interesting

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.out

B.after

C.up

D.off

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.of

B.on

C.for

D.as

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.gooff

B.gofor

C.goout

D.goup

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.onsale

B.forsale

C.onoffer

D.offer

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.during

C.throughout

D.at

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.sankoff

B.sankin

C.sankout

D.sankdown

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.asked

B.found

C.sought

D.known

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.accompany

B.accompanying

C.accompanied

D.with

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.thanksto

B.thankfulfor

C.thanks

D.thanking

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.started

B.began

C.went

D.setoutto

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.takenfrom

B.salvagedby

C.takenby

D.salvagedfrom

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.givetop

B.givento

C.togive

D.togiven

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.largest

B.large

C.beautiful

D.rare

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:C

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:B

第11題:A

第12題:D

第13題:D

第14題:B

第15題:A

【解析】1.語(yǔ)法題?？疾閯?dòng)名詞。這里表示“雖然鉆石享有是女孩最好的朋友的美譽(yù)”，of后面應(yīng)該接動(dòng)名詞，故選A。

2.考查形容詞辨析。并列連詞連接空格跟morevaluable，因此B項(xiàng)符合句意，表示“罕見(jiàn)的，特殊的”。

3.考查固定搭配。Soughtafter爭(zhēng)相獲得的;吃香的;緊俏的。即在此處表示“因…而廣受歡迎”。

4.考查介詞辨析。該空應(yīng)選擇for，表示“美國(guó)珠寶商的代言人”。

5.考查短語(yǔ)辨析。該處句意為:4月25日，公眾將有機(jī)會(huì)擁有一些世界上最華麗和最有價(jià)值的翡翠，屆時(shí)它們將在紐約根西島拍賣行…出售。因此D項(xiàng)“（價(jià)格、數(shù)量或水平）上漲，上升”正確。

6.考查短語(yǔ)辨析。該處句意為:共有20多塊切割、生硬的寶石和13件壯觀的珠寶，這些珍貴的…祖母綠是由祖母綠專家曼努埃爾.馬爾西亞.在她漫長(zhǎng)的祖母綠產(chǎn)業(yè)生涯中收集的。因此C項(xiàng)符合句意，表示“可買到的，待售的”。

7.考查介詞辨析。空格處介詞后面是longcareer(漫長(zhǎng)的職業(yè)生涯)，是一個(gè)時(shí)間段，所以C項(xiàng)正確，表示“在漫長(zhǎng)的職業(yè)生涯”。

8.考查短語(yǔ)辨析。邏輯主語(yǔ)是galleon(大型帆船)，因此A項(xiàng)“沉沒(méi)”符合句意。

9.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。該處是動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式，可以作為形容詞理解。該處表示“歷史上最有價(jià)值且…的沉船事故”，因此選D項(xiàng)“已知的，著名的”。

10.語(yǔ)法題?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)。此處表示銷售目錄，而且catalog和thesale之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞，故選B。

11.考查短語(yǔ)辨析。該處句意為:它是歷史上最有價(jià)值的知名沉船事故，主要因?yàn)椤?/p>

12.考查動(dòng)詞辨析。該處句意為:當(dāng)尋寶者梅爾?費(fèi)舍爾（MelFisher）…找回大帆船丟失的賞金時(shí)，…。而且此處已經(jīng)有動(dòng)詞retrieve，因此D項(xiàng)“打算做…，著手做…”正確。

13.考查短語(yǔ)辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，D符合句意，表示“從船的殘骸中打撈出來(lái)的石頭和珠寶”。

14.語(yǔ)法題。考查非謂語(yǔ)。thesestones和Marcial是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此B項(xiàng)正確。

15.語(yǔ)法題?？疾樽罡呒?jí)。空格謂語(yǔ)定冠詞the和名詞之間，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，A項(xiàng)最符合句意，表示“最大的”。

3.單選題

Thosewhoanticipatepricechangescorrectlycanoftengainfinanciallyfromtheirforesight.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.forecast

B.vision

C.estimate

D.talent

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.forecast預(yù)測(cè)，預(yù)報(bào)B.vision眼力，遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)卓識(shí)

C.estimate（對(duì)數(shù)量、成本等的）估計(jì)，估價(jià)D.talent天資，天賦

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】foresight的意思為“深謀遠(yuǎn)慮，先見(jiàn)之明”，指的是有先見(jiàn)之明的人可以正確預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)格變化，因此就可以獲得可觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)收益，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)事物發(fā)展的洞察力，vision與之詞義相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】那些正確預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)格變化的人往往能從他們的遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)中獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。

4.單選題

TheParthenon,abuildinginAthens,Greece,isperhapsoneofthemostMemorablestructuresonEarth.Built25centuriesago,itisoneofthegreatarchitecturaloftheancientworld.Therearemanyreasonsforitsgreatness.

Background

AthenswasthemostimportantcityinancientGreece.In480B.C.GreeceattackbyboththePersianarmyandthePersiannavy.TheAtheniancommander,Themistocles,knewthathisforcescouldnotdefeatthePersianarraythenmarchingtowardAthens.HopinginsteadtomakeastandagainstthePersiansatsea,ThemistoclesandhisforcesfledAthensforanearbyisland.AlthoughthePersianarmyoverwhelmedAthensandleftitinruins,theGreeknavy,ledbyThemistocles,annihilatedthePersianfleet.ThisvictorybytheGreeksledallPersianforcestoretreatwithinoneyear.

About30yearslaterthebuildingoftheParthenonbegan.Constructiontookplacebetween447and432B.C.DuringtheruleofPericles,theParthenonwasconstructedonthesamesiteasanunfinishedstructureintendedtohonorthemenwhohadlosttheirlifeinanearlierbattleagainstthePersians.TheParthenonwouldstandasasymbolofthestrengthlivesandimportanceoftheGreekpeople.

Location

ManyimportantcitiesinancientGreecehadanacropolis,or“highcity”,onwhichpeopleconstructedimportantbuildings.Theacropoliswasthehighestandmostdefensiblelocation,soitalsoservedasafortressintheeventofenemyattack.TheParthenonislocatedabout500feetabovethecityofAthens.BeforetheParthenoncouldbebuilt,someareasoftheacropolishadtobeleveleddown,andotherareashadtobebuiltup.Thenalarge,solidfoundationwasconstructedouttolimestoneblocks.Theentireareawasbuttressedbyareinforcingwall.

Description

TheParthenonisarectangularstructureconsistingoftwoinnerareassurroundedbycolumns.Thereareeightcolumnsateachendandseventeencolumnsalongeachside.Itisalargestructure,consideringwhenitwasbuilt.Itisabout200feetlongandabout100feetwide.Itstandsabout60feethigh.

Construction

OneextraordinaryaspectoftheParthenonisitsconstruction.Itrequiredbetween20,000and30,000tonsofmarblethathadtobepreciselycarvedsothathugeblocksofitcouldbefittedtogetherwithoutmortartoformthecolumnsandinteriorwalls.

Perhapsevenmoreimpressivearethe“opticalcorrections”thatwereused.ThecolumnsbulgeslightlyinthemiddlebecauseexperiencehadshowntheGreeksthatperfectlystraightcolumnswouldnotlookstraighttoviewer.Becausecomercolumnsnormallysmallerthanothers,thecomercolumnsoftheParthenonweremadeslightlythickerandwereplacedclosertotheothercolumns.Thecolumnswerealsodesignedtoleaninwardslightlybecauseperfectlyperpendicularcolumnsseemtoslantoutward.FurthermoretheplatformonwhichtheParthenonsitswasmadetocurveupwardinthemiddlebecauseperfectlylevelfloorwouldappeartosaginthecenter.

TheParthenonstandstodaydespitethefactthatthecenturiesthathavepassed.ItisatimelesstributetotheenduringcultureoftheGreekpeopleandisconsideredamodelofexcellenceinconceptandconstruction.Itestablishedtheclassicstyleofarchitectureseentodayinmanypublicbuildings,suchastheWhiteHouseand.theLincolnMemorialinWashington.D.C.ThisarchitecturalstyleisalastinggiftfromtheancientGreekstothemodemworld.

21.TheauthorofthePassageprobablyviewstheParthenonwith____.

22.Inthispassage,theword“annihilated”means____.

23.ThepassagesuggeststhatmostimportantcitiesinancientGreecehadanacropolisto____.

24.ThereadercanconcludethattheParthenon____.

25.WhatistheapproximatelengthoftheParthenon?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.amusement

B.suspicion

C.amazement

D.disapproval

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.destroyedcompletely

B.understood

C.examinedcarefully

D.survived

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.protectthemselvesincaseofinvasion

B.houseaParthenon

C.imprisonthePersianforces

D.honorPericles

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.hadcolumnsmadeoflimestone

B.requiredmuchefforttobuild

C.hadapalaceinsidefortheleaderofAthens

D.wasnevercompletelyfinished

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.60feet

B.100feet

C.200feet

D.500feet

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】21.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheauthorofthePassageprobablyviewstheParthenonwith____.這篇文章的作者可能用____來(lái)看待帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟（Parthenon）。

A.amusementA.娛樂(lè)

B.suspicionB.懷疑

C.amazementC.驚訝

D.disapprovalD.反對(duì)

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】本題詢問(wèn)的是作者如何看待帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟。原文首段提到“希臘雅典的帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟可能是地球上最令人難忘的（themostMemorable）建筑之一”；中間各段分別介紹了神廟的背景、地址、建筑特征等；原文最后一段提到“它是對(duì)希臘人民持久文化的永恒致敬（atimelesstribute），被認(rèn)為是理念和建設(shè)方面的卓越典范（amodelofexcellenceinconceptandconstruction）”，以及“這種建筑風(fēng)格是古希臘人送給現(xiàn)代世界的永恒禮物（alastinggift）”。由此可知，作者整體上是贊揚(yáng)這個(gè)神廟的，驚訝于它的成就，語(yǔ)氣也比較正式和認(rèn)真，C選項(xiàng)“驚訝”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“娛樂(lè)”、B選項(xiàng)“懷疑”、D選項(xiàng)“反對(duì)”不符合原文語(yǔ)氣。

22.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Inthispassage,theword“annihilated”means____.在這篇文章中，“annihilated”這個(gè)詞的意思是____。

A.destroyedcompletelyA.完全摧毀

B.understoodB.理解

C.examinedcarefullyC.仔細(xì)檢查

D.survivedD.幸存

【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯推斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞annihilated定位到原文Background小節(jié)第1段倒數(shù)第2句，該句提到“盡管（Although）波斯軍隊(duì)（Persianarmy）擊潰了（overwhelmed）雅典（Athens）并將其夷為廢墟，但在Themistocles的帶領(lǐng)下，希臘海軍（theGreeknavy）____了波斯艦隊(duì)（thePersianfleet）。”根據(jù)句意可知，前后兩句句意之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，前一句講到波斯軍隊(duì)打敗了雅典，那么后一句應(yīng)該是說(shuō)希臘海軍贏了波斯海軍。并且后文提到“希臘人的勝利（victory）導(dǎo)致波斯軍隊(duì)在一年內(nèi)全部撤退”，由此可知，希臘人勝利了。因此，該詞的詞義應(yīng)該為A選項(xiàng)“完全摧毀”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B選項(xiàng)“理解”、C選項(xiàng)“仔細(xì)檢查”、D選項(xiàng)“幸存”不符合原文語(yǔ)境。

23.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ThepassagesuggeststhatmostimportantcitiesinancientGreecehadanacropolisto____.這篇文章表明，古希臘最重要的城市都有一個(gè)衛(wèi)城來(lái)____。

A.protectthemselvesincaseofinvasionA.在遭受侵略時(shí)保護(hù)自己

B.houseaParthenonB.放一座帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟

C.imprisonthePersianforcesC.囚禁波斯軍隊(duì)

D.honorPericlesD.紀(jì)念伯里克利

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞mostimportantcitiesinancientGreece和anacropolis定位到原文Location小節(jié)，該小節(jié)第2句提到“衛(wèi)城是海拔最高、防御能力最強(qiáng)的地方（mostdefensiblelocation），因此在敵人進(jìn)攻時(shí)，它也可以作為要塞（servedasafortressintheeventofenemyattack）。”由此可知，衛(wèi)城的目的是用來(lái)防御的，A選項(xiàng)“在遭受侵略時(shí)保護(hù)自己”符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B選項(xiàng)“放一座帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟”、C選項(xiàng)“囚禁波斯軍隊(duì)”、D選項(xiàng)“紀(jì)念伯里克利”，非原文所說(shuō)建造衛(wèi)城的目的，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

24.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

ThereadercanconcludethattheParthenon____.讀者可以得出結(jié)論，帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟____。

A.hadcolumnsmadeoflimestoneA.柱子是石灰石做的

B.requiredmuchefforttobuildB.需要付出很大的努力才能建成

C.hadapalaceinsidefortheleaderofAthensC.里面有一座紀(jì)念雅典領(lǐng)袖的宮殿

D.wasnevercompletelyfinishedD.從未完全完成

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Parthenon和選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞build定位到原文Description和Construction小節(jié)。Description小節(jié)提到“考慮到它建成的時(shí)間，它是一個(gè)很大的結(jié)構(gòu)（alargestructure）。它大約有200英尺長(zhǎng)，100英尺寬。它大約有60英尺高?！绷硗?，Construction小節(jié)第1段第2句，該句提到“它需要兩萬(wàn)到三萬(wàn)噸的大理石（marble），這些大理石必須經(jīng)過(guò)精確的雕刻（bepreciselycarved），才能在不使用灰泥的情況下（withoutmortar）組裝成圓柱和內(nèi)墻?！庇纱丝芍撋駨R很大，并且工藝很復(fù)雜，B選項(xiàng)“需要付出很大的努力才能建成”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“柱子是石灰石做的”，原文提到柱子是大理石做的，而不是石灰石，該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤；

C選項(xiàng)“里面有一座紀(jì)念雅典領(lǐng)袖的宮殿”，可定位到原文Background小節(jié)，本節(jié)第2段第3句提到“在伯里克利統(tǒng)治時(shí)期，帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟（theParthenon）和一座未完工的建筑建在同一地點(diǎn)，該未完成的建筑的目的是（anunfinishedstructureintended）紀(jì)念在早期與波斯人的戰(zhàn)斗中犧牲的人。”由此可知，紀(jì)念雅典領(lǐng)袖的宮殿不是帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴；

D選項(xiàng)“從未完全完成”，可定位到原文Background小節(jié)，本節(jié)第2段第2句提到“建造于（Constructiontookplace）公元前447年至432年之間”，由此可知，帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟修建完成了。并且由C選項(xiàng)解析可知，未完成的是另一個(gè)建筑，該選項(xiàng)屬于張冠李戴。

25.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhatistheapproximatelengthoftheParthenon?帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟的大概長(zhǎng)度是多少？

A.60feetA.60英尺

B.100feetB.100英尺

C.200feetC.200英尺

D.500feetD.500英尺

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞lengthoftheParthenon定位到原文Description小節(jié)，該節(jié)倒數(shù)第2句提到“它大約有200英尺長(zhǎng)（200feetlong），100英尺寬?！币虼?，本題答案為C選項(xiàng)“200英尺”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)“60英尺”、B選項(xiàng)“100英尺”、D選項(xiàng)“500英尺”均不符合原文。

5.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.

Unlesswegivepartofourselvesaway,unlesswecanlivewithotherpeopleandunderstandthemandhelpthem,wearemissingthemostessentialpartofourownhumanlives.Thereareasmanyroadstotheattainmentofwisdomandgoodnessastherearepeoplewhoundertaketowalkthem.Thereareasmanysolidtruthsonwhichwecanstandastherearepeoplewhocansearchthemoutandwhowillstandonthem.Thereareasmanyideasandidealsastherearemenofgoodwillwhowillholdthemintheirmindsandactthemintheirlives.

【答案】除非我們樂(lè)于奉獻(xiàn)，除非我們能夠與人們一起生活并幫助他們，否則我們的人生就失去了最重要的意義。世間有多少行路者，通往善良與智慧的途徑就有多少。世間有多少真理，就有多少探索、堅(jiān)持真理的人。有多少信念與理想，就有多少仁人志士在生活中奉行并實(shí)現(xiàn)它們。

6.單選題

Youcandoitifyouwantto,butinmyopinionit’snotworththe（）itinvolves.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.force

B.trial

C.attempt

D.effort

【答案】D

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。force力量；trial試驗(yàn)，審訊；attempt企圖，試圖；effort努力。句意：如果你想，你可以去做，但在我看來(lái)，它不值得你為之付出努力。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

7.單選題

Ofthegreatvarietyofopinionsconcerning“marriageformoney”，thefollowingthreeareimportantwithreferencetothedevelopmentoftheimportanceofmoney.Marriagesbasedexclusivelyuponeconomicmotiveshavenotonlyexistedinallperiodsandatallstagesofdevelopment,butareparticularlycommonamongprimitivegroupsandconditionswheretheydonotcauseanyoffenceatall.Thedisparagementofpersonaldignitythatnowadaysarisesineverymarriagethatisnotbasedonpersonalaffection―sothatasenseofdecencyrequirestheconcealmentofeconomicmotives—doesnotexistinsimplercultures.Thereasonforthisdevelopmentisthatincreasingindividualizationmakesitincreasinglycontradictoryanddiscreditabletoenterintopurelyindividualrelationshipsforotherthanpurelyindividualreasons.

Fornowadaysthechoiceofapartnerinmarriageisnolongerdeterminedbysocialmotives(thoughregardfortheoffspringmaybeconsideredtobesuchamotive),insofarassocietydoesnotinsistuponthecouple’sequalsocialstatus―acondition,however,thatprovidesagreatdealoflatitudeandonlyrarelyleadstoconflictsbetweenindividualandsocialinterests.Inaquiteundifferentiatedsocietyitmayberelativelyirrelevantwhomarrieswhom,irrelevantnotonlyforthemutualrelationshipofthecouplebutalsofortheoffspring.Thisisbecausewheretheconstitutions,stateofhealth,temperament,internalandexternalformsoflifeandorientationsarelargelythesamewithinthegroup,thechancethatthechildrenwillturnoutwelldependslessuponwhethertheparentsagreeandcomplementeachotherthanitdoesinhighlydifferentiatedsociety.Itthereforeseemsquitenaturalandexpedientthatthechoiceofthepartnershouldbedeterminedbyreasonsotherthanpurelyindividualaffection.Yetpersonalattractionshouldbedecisiveinahighlyindividualizedsocietywhereaharmoniousrelationshipbetweentwoindividualsbecomesincreasinglyrare.

Thedecliningfrequencyofmarriagewhichistobefoundeverywhereinhighlycivilizedculturalcircumstancesisundoubtedlydue,inpart,tothefactthathighlydifferentiatedpeopleingeneralhavedifficultyinfindingacompletelysympatheticcomplementtothemselves.Yetwedonotpossessanyothercriterionandindicationfortheadvisabilityofmarriageexceptmutualinstinctiveattraction.But,happinessisapurelypersonalmatter,decideduponentirelybythecouplethemselves,andtherewouldbenocompellingreasonfortheofficialinsistenceonatleastpretendinglovemaybemisleading—particularlyinthehigherstrata,whosecomplicatedcircumstancesoftenretardthegrowthofthepurestinstincts—nomatterhowmuchotherconditionsmayaffectthefinalresults,itremainstruethat,withreferencetoprocreation,loveisdecidedlysuperiortomoneyasafactorselection.Infact,inthisrespect,itistheonlyrightandproperthing.

Marriageformoneydirectlycreatesasituationofpanmixia—theindiscriminatepairingregardlessofindividualqualities―aconditionthatbiologyhasdemonstratedtobethecauseofthemostdirectanddetrimentaldegenerationofthehumanspecies.Inthecaseofmarriageformoney,theunionofacoupleisdeterminedbyafactorthathasabsolutelynothingtodowithracialappropriateness—justastheregardformoneyoftenenoughkeepsapartacouplewhoreallybelongtogether—anditshouldbeconsideredasafactorindegenerationtothesameextenttowhichtheundoubteddifferentiationofindividualsmakesselectionbypersonalattractionmoreandmoreimportant.Thiscasetooillustratesoncemorethattheincreasingindividualizationwithinsocietyrendersmoneyincreasinglyunsuitableasamediatorofpurelyindividualrelationships.

1.Accordingtothetext,whatissaidtoinfluencematrimonialcompatibilityandstabilityinsimplercultures?

2.Marriagesmotivatedbymonetaryaspirationsaremorelikelynottobecamouflagedinwhatstrataofsociety?

3.Themarriagerateissaidtobedecreasingbecause（

）.

4.Howisthequestionofraceinrelationtomarriagesimilartothequestionofmoney?

5.Panmixiaissaidto（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Personaldignity

B.Economicdecline

C.Monetaryconsiderations

D.Financialgrowth

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Upper

B.Middle

C.Lower

D.Lowest

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.wedemandtoomuchofourpartners

B.partnersdon’tgivecompliments

C.peoplearetoodifferentiatedsocially

D.theeconomicdisparityinmanyregionsisgrowing

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfuelmutualinstinctualattraction.

B.Theyinspireindividualresponsibilities.

C.Theydeflectsuperficialrelationships.

D.Theyprohibitsuitablemarriages.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.aidtheselectionprocess

B.complementindividualization

C.inspirepositiveresults

D.setupbiologicaldecline

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的Marriagesbasedexclusivelyuponeconomicmotiveshavenotonlyexistedinallperiodsandatallstagesofdevelopment,butareparticularlycommonamongprimitivegroupsandconditionswheretheydonotcauseanyoffenceatall.（完全基于經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)機(jī)的婚姻不僅存在于所有時(shí)期和發(fā)展的所有階段，而且在原始群體和根本不構(gòu)成犯罪的條件下尤其普遍）可知經(jīng)濟(jì)因素影響婚姻的兼容性和穩(wěn)定性，因此C選項(xiàng)“貨幣因素”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的andtherewouldbenocompellingreasonfortheofficialinsistenceonatleastpretendinglovemaybemisleading—particularlyinthehigherstrata,whosecomplicatedcircumstancesoftenretardthegrowthofthepurestinstincts（官方堅(jiān)持至少假裝愛(ài)可能會(huì)誤導(dǎo)人，這是沒(méi)有說(shuō)服力的理由的——尤其是在高層，他們復(fù)雜的環(huán)境常常阻礙最純粹本能的發(fā)展）可推測(cè)以金錢愿望為動(dòng)機(jī)的婚姻在社會(huì)的高層，更可能偽裝，相反，在社會(huì)的最低層，最不可能偽裝，因此選D。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第三段中的Thedecliningfrequencyofmarriagewhichistobefoundeverywhereinhighlycivilizedculturalcircumstancesisundoubtedlydue,inpart,tothefactthathighlydifferentiatedpeopleingeneralhavedifficultyinfindingacompletelysympatheticcomplementtothemselves.（在高度文明的文化環(huán)境中隨處可見(jiàn)的結(jié)婚率下降的部分原因是，高度分化的人很難找到一個(gè)完全與符合自己的互補(bǔ)）可知結(jié)婚率下降的部分原因是很難找到與自己互補(bǔ)的人，說(shuō)明人們之間的差異大，因此C選項(xiàng)“人們?cè)谏鐣?huì)上的差異太大”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的Inthecaseofmarriageformoney,theunionofacoupleisdeterminedbyafactorthathasabsolutelynothingtodowithracialappropriateness—justastheregardformoneyoftenenoughkeepsapartacouplewhoreallybelongtogether（在為錢而結(jié)婚的情況下，一對(duì)夫婦的結(jié)合是由一個(gè)與種族適當(dāng)性完全無(wú)關(guān)的因素決定的，就像對(duì)金錢的重視常常會(huì)使真正屬于一對(duì)夫婦的人分開(kāi)一樣）可知D選項(xiàng)“他們阻止合適的婚姻”符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中的Marriageformoneydirectlycreatesasituationofpanmixia—theindiscriminatepairingregardlessofindividualqualities―aconditionthatbiologyhasdemonstratedtobethecauseofthemostdirectanddetrimentaldegenerationofthehumanspecies.（為錢而結(jié)婚直接造成了一種無(wú)差別的情況——不分個(gè)人素質(zhì)的不分青紅皂白的配對(duì)——生物學(xué)已經(jīng)證明，這種情況是導(dǎo)致人類物種最直接和最有害的退化的原因）可知D選項(xiàng)“引發(fā)生物衰退”符合題意。

8.單選題

Fewerandfeweroftoday’sworkersexpecttospendtheirworkinglivesinthesamefield,（）thesamecompany.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.allelse

B.muchworse

C.letalone

D.lesslikely

【答案】C

【解析】句意:如今越來(lái)越少的工人期望在工作生涯中都一直在同樣的領(lǐng)域工作，更不必說(shuō)一直在同樣的公司工作。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。allelse其他所有;muchworse更糟糕的是;letalone更不用說(shuō)，聽(tīng)任，不打擾；lesslikely最不可能的是，較少可能?？崭袂昂蟊硎具f進(jìn),故選C。

9.填空題

Hereisagreatironyof21st-centuryglobalpublichealth:Whilemanyhundredsofmillionsofpeoplelackadequatefoodasaresultofeconomicinequities,politicalcorruption,orwarfare,manyhundredsofmillions（1）areoverweighttothepointofincreasedriskfordiet-relatedchronicdiseases.Obesityisaworldwidephenomenon,affectingchildrenaswellasadultsandforcingallbutthepoorestcountriestodivertscarceresources（2）fromfoodsecuritytotakecareofpeoplewithpreventableheartdiseaseanddiabetes.

Toreversetheobesityepidemic,wemustaddressfundamentalcauses.Overweightcomesfromconsumingmorefoodenergythan（3）expendedinactivity.Thecauseofthisimbalancealsoisironic:improvedprosperity.Peopleuseextraincometoeatmoreandbelessactive.Marketeconomiesencouragethis.Theyturnpeoplewithexpendableincomeintoconsumersofaggressivelymarketedfoodsthatarehighinenergybutlowin（4）value,andofcars,televisionsets,andcomputersthatpromotesedentarybehavior.Gainingweightisgoodforbusiness.Foodisparticularlybigbusinessbecauseeveryoneeats.

Moreover,foodissooverproducedthatmanycountries,especiallytherichones,havefar

morethantheyneed（5）irony.IntheUnitedStates,totakeanextremeexample,most

adultsofallages,incomes,educationallevels,andcensuscategories—areoverweight.TheU.S.foodsupplyprovides3800kilocaloriesperpersonperday,nearlytwiceasmuchasrequiredbymanyadults.Overabundantfoodforcescompaniestocompete（6）salesthroughadvertising,healthclaims,newproducts,largerportions,andcampaigns（7）towardchildren.Foodmarketingpromotesweightgain.Indeed,itisdifficulttothink（8）anymajorindustrythatmightbenefitifpeopleatelessfood;certainly（9）theagriculture,foodproduct,grocery,restaurant,diet,ordrugindustries.Allflourishwhenpeopleeatmore,andallemployamidesoflobbyiststodiscouragegovernmentsfromdoinganythingtoinhibit（10）.

A.splendid

B.elegant

C.snobbish

D.prudent

A.hehadagoodopinionoftheStClairfamily

B.hegrantedtheStClairfamilysomecredits

C.heowedsomemoneytotheStClairfamily

D.hewasmorerespectablethansomemembersoftheSt.Clairfamily

A.marryingformoney

B.robbingone'swife

C.makingfortunes

D.sellingtheteethofdeadsoldiers

A.brag

B.possess

C.arrange

D.pluck

A.detached

B.positive

C.cynical

D.liberal

【答案】1.more

2.away

3.is

4.nutritional

5.another

6.for

7.directed

8.of

9.not

10.overeating

【解析】1.考查前后邏輯?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵寒?dāng)成千上萬(wàn)的人由于經(jīng)濟(jì)不平衡、政治腐敗和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)而餓肚子時(shí)，還有成千上萬(wàn)的人超重。前后進(jìn)行對(duì)比，說(shuō)明超重的人更多，所以more符合題意。

2.考查固定搭配。divertaway“轉(zhuǎn)移”。空格處所在句子的句意是：肥胖是一個(gè)世界性的普遍現(xiàn)象，它對(duì)大人孩子都有影響，它迫使除了最貧窮的國(guó)家外的所有國(guó)家把稀有資源從食品安全上轉(zhuǎn)移到了照顧患有可預(yù)防的心臟病和糖尿病的人們。

3.考查動(dòng)詞的用法。空格處所在句子的句意是：超重源于攝入的食物能量超過(guò)了被消耗的能量。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，為了避免重復(fù)，than后面省略了energythat，完整的句子應(yīng)該是energythatisexpended。

4.考查前后邏輯?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵核麄儼丫哂邢M(fèi)水平的人變?yōu)榀偪褓?gòu)買食物的消費(fèi)者，這些食物通常能量很高，營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值很低。nutritional符合題意。

5.考查前后邏輯?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵捍送?，食物被過(guò)量生產(chǎn)，尤其是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家擁有的食物遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)他們所需要的食物--這又是一件具有諷刺意義的事。前面已經(jīng)提到過(guò)一件諷刺的事thecauseofthisimbalancealsoisironic:improvedprosperity，因此another符合題意。

6.考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟鉃椋哼^(guò)量的食物使各大公司為銷售而進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。competefor“為……而競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”。

7.考查后置定語(yǔ)?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵焊鞔蠊緸榱烁?jìng)爭(zhēng)，采用的手段有：廣告，健康宣言，推出新產(chǎn)品，加量包裝，還有直接針對(duì)孩子的活動(dòng)?？崭裉幩诘膯卧~顯然是用來(lái)修飾campaigns這個(gè)單詞的，應(yīng)該填一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞來(lái)作后置定語(yǔ)，directtoward表示針對(duì)……。

8.考查固定搭配。thinkof“想出”。

9.考查前后邏輯?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵恨r(nóng)業(yè)、食品、雜貨店、飯店、減肥業(yè)或制藥業(yè)都不會(huì)獲益。所以此處是一個(gè)否定的意思，not符合題意。

10.考查動(dòng)詞的用法?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵喝藗兂缘枚鄷r(shí)，所有行業(yè)都會(huì)發(fā)展繁榮，所有行業(yè)都花錢請(qǐng)游說(shuō)者去勸政府不要采取任何措施禁止過(guò)度飲食（overeat）。Inhibitdoingsth.“禁止做某事”。

10.翻譯題

Themethodofscientificinvestigationisnothingbuttheexpressionofthenecessarymodeofworkingofthehumanmind:itissimplythemodebywhichallphenomenaarereasonedaboutandgivenpreciseandexactexplanations.Thedifferencebetweentheoperationsandmethodsofabakerweighingouthisgoodsincommonscales,andtheoperationsofachemistbymeansofhisbalanceisnotthatthescalesintheonecase,andthebalanceintheother,differintheprinciplesoftheirconstructionormannerofworking:butthatthelatterisamuchfinerapparatusandofcoursemuchmoreaccurateinitsmeasurementthantheformer.

Probablythereisnotoneherewhohasnotinthecourseofthedayhadoccasiontosetinmotionofacomplextrainofreasoning,oftheverysamekind,thoughdifferingindegree,asthatwhichascientificmangoesthroughintracingthecausesofnaturalphenomena.

【答案】科學(xué)研究的方法不過(guò)是人類思維活動(dòng)的必要表達(dá)方式，也就是對(duì)一切現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行思索并給以精確而嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)解釋的表達(dá)方式。用普通天平稱物品的面包師與用精密天平的化學(xué)家在操作與方法上存在差別，但這種差別并不是兩者的天平在構(gòu)造和工作原理上存在不同，而是說(shuō)與前者相比，后者是一種更精密得多的裝置，因而在計(jì)量上必然更準(zhǔn)確得多。

在座的諸位中，大概不會(huì)有人一整天都沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)進(jìn)行一連串復(fù)雜的思考活動(dòng)，這些思考活動(dòng)與科學(xué)家在探索自然現(xiàn)象原因時(shí)所經(jīng)歷的思考活動(dòng)，盡管復(fù)雜程度不同，但在類型上是完全一樣的。

11.單選題

TheFrenchwordrenaissancemeansrebirth.Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesMicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventuallybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning1450-1600.TheconceptofrebirthwasappropriatetothisperiodofEuropeanhistorybecauseoftherenewedinterestinancientGreekandRomanculturethatbeganinItalyandthenspreadthroughoutEurope.ScholarsandartistsofthisperiodwantedtorestorethelearningandidealsoftheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRome.Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohuman.Fulfillmentinlifebecameadesirablegoal,andexpressingtheentirerangeofhumanemotionsandenjoyingthepleasuresofthesenseswerenolongerfrownedon.Artistsandwritersnowturnedtoreligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.

ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiodhowpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposedandexperienced.Theycouldseethearchitecturalmonuments,sculptures,plays,andpoemsthatwerebeingrediscovered,buttheycouldnotactuallyhearancientmusicalthoughtheycouldreadthewritingsofclassicalphilosophers,poets,essayists,andmusictheoriststhatwerebecomingavailableintranslation.Theylearnedaboutthepow