考研考博-英語-合肥信息技術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-合肥信息技術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thereisastandardmethod（）officersareselectedforpromotion.

問題1選項

A.whereby

B.that

C.where

D.whereas

【答案】B

【解析】考查從句。A選項whereby“憑此，借以，由于”，B選項that“那個”，C選項where“哪里”，D選項whereas“然而，盡管”。句意：選拔軍官晉升有一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的方法。因此,B選項符合句意。

2.單選題

She’salwaysbeenkindtome—Ican’tjustturn（）onhernowthatsheneedsmyhelp.

問題1選項

A.myback

B.myhead

C.myeye

D.myshoulder

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。turnone’sbackon為固定搭配，意為“不理會……，不肯給予……幫助”。句意：句意：她對我一直很好，現(xiàn)在她需要我的幫助，我不能不管。由搭配和句意可知，A選項符合句意。

3.單選題

TomJones,who（）aroundtheworld,willcometoAsianextmonth.

問題1選項

A.willbetouring

B.havetoured

C.hadbeentouring

D.hasbeentouring

【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)句意可知，這里是已經(jīng)開始并持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動作，所以應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時。選項D正確。

4.單選題

Myaunt（）abrightly-coloredthreadroundherfingersoasnottoforgetherappointment.

問題1選項

A.wound

B.curved

C.spun

D.bent

【答案】A

【解析】wind纏繞；curve使彎曲；spin旋轉(zhuǎn)；bend彎曲。句意：阿姨在手指上繞了一根顏色鮮艷的線,這樣就不會忘記她的約定了。選項A符合語境。

5.翻譯題

A:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.(10*1=10)

中國近年流行一個笑話，說的是一個中國老婦和一個美國老婦在天堂里相遇了，中國老婦說：“我到臨死前終于攢夠錢買一套房子了。”美國老婦則說：“我臨死前才終于把房子貸款還清了?！边@則笑話基于美國人喜歡揮霍而中國人習(xí)慣節(jié)儉的成見，也在一定程度上解釋了失衡的世界經(jīng)濟(jì)如何失去方向。這次危機(jī)在兩個方面區(qū)別于過去的經(jīng)濟(jì)動蕩，同時也解釋了它持久不愈的原因。第一個是信貸悖論：它在帶來活力的同時也破壞穩(wěn)定，全球金融的擴(kuò)張及其支配地位為更快的資本積累和物質(zhì)豐富打開大門，但與此同時也播下危機(jī)的種子，在美國，寬松的貨幣政策和神秘的金融操縱讓消費者能夠輕易享受到更大的房子、更好的汽車和更長的假期，即便他們根本沒有儲蓄。

【答案】ThereisapopularjokeinChinainrecentyears.ThereisaChineseoldwomanwhomeetsanAmericanoldwomaninheaven.TheChineseoldwomansays,IfinallysavedenoughmoneytobuyahousebeforeIdied.TheAmericanoldwomansaid,IfinallypaidoffmyhousebeforeIdied.Thisjoke,basedonthestereotypethatAmericansarespendthriftwhileChinesearethrifty,goessomewaytoexplaininghowthelopsidedworldeconomyhaslostitsway.Thiscrisisisintwowaysdifferentfrompasteconomicshocks,andwhyithaspersisted.Thefirstoneiscreditparadox:itinavitalityalsodestabilizing,theexpansionoftheglobalfinancialanditsdominantpositionforafastercapitalaccumulationandrichmaterialopenthedoor,butatthesametimealsosowtheseedsofthecrisis,intheUnitedStates,theloosemonetarypolicyandthemysteriousfinancialmanipulationmakeconsumerscaneasilyenjoythebiggerhousesandbettercarsandlongerholidays,eveniftheydon’thavesavings.

6.單選題

HeexpectedtheHousetopassthebillbyacomfortable（

）.

問題1選項

A.maple

B.marble

C.marsh

D.margin

【答案】D

【解析】形近詞辨析。maple楓樹；marble大理石；marsh沼澤；均不符合句意。margin指（在時間或票數(shù)上領(lǐng)先的）幅度,差額,差數(shù)。句意:他希望眾議院能以輕松的優(yōu)勢通過這項法案。選項D符合句意。

7.單選題

Onceyougettoknowyourmistakes,youshould（

）themassoonaspossible.

問題1選項

A.rectify

B.reclaim

C.refrain

D.reckon

【答案】A

【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。rectify“改正”；reclaim“取回，收回”；refrain“節(jié)制，克制，避免”；reckon“認(rèn)為，假定”。句意：你一旦知道你錯在哪里，你就應(yīng)該盡快改正。選項A符合題意。

8.單選題

NegotiatorsfromaroundtheglobeonSundaymorningreachedaclimatechangeagreementthatwouldcommiteverynationtoreducingitsrateofgreenhousegasemissions—yetwouldstill（）whatisneededtostaveoffthedangerousandcostlyearlyimpactsofglobalwarming.

問題1選項

A.fallfarshortwith

B.fallfarshortof

C.fallnothingshortwith

D.fallnothingshortof

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。fallfarshortof“遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不足”；fallnothingshortof“無異于……”，沒有fallfarshortwith和fallnothingshortwith兩種搭配，選項A和C可排除。句意：周日早上，來自全球的談判代表關(guān)于氣候變化達(dá)成了一項協(xié)議，該協(xié)議承諾每個國家要減少溫室氣體的排放量。然而，對于延緩全球變暖所導(dǎo)致的危險和高昂的代價來說，是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的。選項B符合題意。

9.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

新學(xué)派的一位領(lǐng)袖人物堅持說：“簡而言之,我們所謂的科學(xué)革命,主要是指一系列器具的改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用,而這些改進(jìn)、發(fā)明和使用使科學(xué)發(fā)展無所不及?！?/p>

自由和尊嚴(yán)是傳統(tǒng)理論定義的自主人所擁有的,是要求一個人對自己的行為負(fù)責(zé),并因其業(yè)績而給予肯定的必不可少的前提。

很顯然,我們已然摒棄了“父母之命、媒妁之言”的婚姻方式及為使女孩們守身如玉而將她們深鎖閨中的農(nóng)業(yè)習(xí)俗。

現(xiàn)在我們被迫從那種以人們之間相互猜忌和敵視為標(biāo)志的關(guān)系躍進(jìn)到一個人們之間必須相互尊重和理解的世界。

同樣地,語言之所以有價值是因為人們承認(rèn)它是思維的符號,是人與人之間傳輸思想的媒介。

【答案】Aleaderfromthenewschoolinsistedonthat“theso-called'scientificrevolution'canbebrieflyexplainedastheimprovement,inventionandapplicationofseriesofequipment,whichinturnprovidesanomnipotentscientificdevelopment.”

Freedomanddignityarepossessedbyself-reliantpeopleintherangeoftraditionaltheory,andtheybothserveessentialprerequisitesforresponsibilitiestowhattheyhavebehavedandappraisaltowhattheyhaveperformed.

Obviously,wehaveabandonedthemarriagethatarrangedbyparentsandmatchmakersandalsothecorruptedcustominagriculturalperiodthatgirlsareconfinedintheirchambersforvirginity.

Nowweareforcedtoleapforwardtotheworldthatdemandsmutualrespectandunderstandingsfromrelationsthatfeaturedbymutualsuspicionandhostility.

Similarly,thereasonwhylanguagespossesswiththeirownvaluesisthat,aspeoplehaveacknowledged,theyaresymbolsofthoughtsandalsomediaforthoughtexchanges.

10.單選題

Whenpeoplearehappy,theytendtogive（

）interpretationsofeventstheywitness:theeyeofthebeholderiscoloredbytheemotionsofthebeholder.

問題1選項

A.charitable

B.elaborate

C.conscientious

D.coherent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義。charitable“慷慨的；仁慈的”；elaborate“精心制作的；詳盡的”；conscientious“認(rèn)真的；小心謹(jǐn)慎的”；coherent“一致的”。句意：人在快樂時傾向于對自己所見的事情給出仁慈的解釋，即旁觀者的觀點被自身的情緒所影響。由theeyeofthebeholderiscoloredbytheemotionsofthebeholder可知A項符合題意。

11.單選題

Clothesplayacriticalpartintheconclusionswereachbyprovidingcluestowhopeopleare,whotheyarenot,andwhotheywouldliketobe.Theytellusasagooddealaboutthewearer'sbackground,personality,status,moodandsocialoutlook.

Sinceclothesaresuchanimportantsourceofsocialinformation,wecanusethemtomanipulatepeople'simpressionofus.Ourappearanceassumesparticularsignificanceintheinitialphasesofinteractionthatislikelytooccur.Anelderlymiddle-classmanorwomanmaybealienatedbyayoungadultwhoisdressedinanunconventionalmaimer,regardlessoftheperson'seducation,background,orinterests.

Peopletendtoagreeonwhatcertaintypesofclothesmean.Adolescentgirlscaneasilyagreeonthelifestylesofgirlswhowearcertainoutfits,includingthenumberofboyfriendstheylikelyhavehadandwhethertheysmokeordrink.

Newscasters,ortheannouncerswhoreadthenewsonTV,areconsideredtobemoreconvincing,honest,andcompetentwhentheyaredressedconservatively.Andcollegestudentswhoviewthemselvesastakinganactiveroleintheirinterpersonalrelationshipssaytheyareconcernedaboutthecostumestheymustweartoplaytheserolessuccessfully.Moreover,manyofuscanrelateinstancesinwhichtheclothingweworechangedthewaywefeltaboutourselvesandhowweacted.

Perhapsyouhaveusedclothingtogainconfidencewhenyouanticipatedastressfulsituation,suchasajobinterview,oracourtappearance.

Intheworkplace,menhavelonghadwell-definedprecedentsandrolemodelsforachievingsuccess.Ithasbeenotherwiseforwomen.Agoodmanywomeninthebusinessworldareuncertainabouttheappropriatemixtureof“masculine”and“feminine”attributestheyshouldconveybytheirprofessionalclothing.Thevarietyofclothingalternativestowomenhasalsobeengreaterthanthatavailableformen.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thewaywedress（

）.

2.Fromthethirdparagraphofthepassage,wecanconcludethatyoungadultstendtobelievethatcertaintypesofclothingcan

（

）.

3.Theword"precedent"(Line1,Para.6)probablyrefersto

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,manycareerwomenfindthemselvesindifficultsituationsbecause

（

）.

5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

問題1選項

A.providescluesforpeoplewhoarecriticalofus

B.indicatesourlikesanddislikesinchoosingacareer

C.hasadirectinfluenceonthewaypeopleregardus

D.isofparticularimportancewhenwegetoninage

問題2選項

A.changepeople'sconservativeattitudestowardstheirlifestyles

B.helpyoungpeoplemakefriendswiththeoppositesex

C.makethemcompetitiveinthejobmarket

D.helpthemachievesuccessintheirinterpersonalrelationships

問題3選項

A.earlyactsformentofollowasexamples

B.particularplacesformentooccupyespeciallybecauseoftheirimportance

C.thingsthatmenshouldagreeupon

D.men'sbeliefsthateverythingintheworldhasalreadybeendecided

問題4選項

A.thevarietyoftheprofessionalclothingistoowideforthemtochoose

B.womenaregenerallythoughttobeonlygoodatbeingfashionmodels

C.Menaremorefavorablyjudgedformanagerialpositions

D.theyarenotsuretowhatextenttheyshoulddisplaytheirfemininequalitiesthroughclothing

問題5選項

A.Dressingforeffect

B.Howtodressappropriately

C.Managerialpositionsandclothing

D.Dressingfortheoccasion

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容，著裝通過提供線索讓我們得出一個人是怎樣的人，不是怎樣的人以及想成為怎樣的人的結(jié)論上起到了至關(guān)重要的作用。它們能很好地告訴我們穿著者的背景、性格、地位、心情和社會前景。也就是說，穿著對人們看待我們的方式有直接影響，選項C符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容，青春期女孩很容易就能認(rèn)同那些穿某種服裝的女孩的生活方式，包括她們可能有多少男朋友，她們是否抽煙或喝酒。也就是說，年輕人傾向于相信某些類型的衣服可以幫助他們在人際關(guān)系中取得成功。選項D符合原文。

3.詞匯題。根據(jù)句意可知，“precedents”應(yīng)該和“rolemodels”意思相近，所以選項A“男性追隨的榜樣的早期行為”符合原文所表述的意思。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Agoodmanywomeninthebusinessworldareuncertainabouttheappropriatemixtureof“masculine”and“feminine”attributestheyshouldconveybytheirprofessionalclothing.”商界的許多女性都不確定，她們應(yīng)該通過職業(yè)著裝來傳達(dá)什么樣的“男性化”和“女性化”特質(zhì)。也就是說，她們不確定應(yīng)該在多大程度上通過服裝來展現(xiàn)自己的女性氣質(zhì)，選項D符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講的是穿著可以呈現(xiàn)出一個人什么樣，給人的印象是怎樣的，也就是說，穿著對人產(chǎn)生了影響。所以選項A最能概括全文主旨。

12.單選題

Givethepreviouslyexpressedinterestandtheambitioustoneofherrecentspeeches,thesenator’sattempttoconvincethepublicthatsheisnotinterestedinrunningforasecondtermis（

）.

問題1選項

A.laudable

B.sincere

C.authentic

D.futile

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項laudable“值得贊賞的”；B選項sincere“真誠的，真摯的”；C選項authentic“真正的，真實的”；D選項futile“無用的，無效的”。根據(jù)句意‘她在先前的演講中已經(jīng)表現(xiàn)出興趣和勃勃雄心，這位參議員試圖說服公眾相信她對競選連任不感興趣的做法是毫無用處的?！疍選項正確。

13.單選題

My（）isforwildflowersratherthancultivatedones.

問題1選項

A.inclination

B.favorite

C.preference

D.fondness

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:inclination“意向；傾向；愛好”；B:favorite“特別喜愛的人（或物）”；C:preference“喜好；偏好；偏愛”；D:fondness“喜歡；喜愛”。句意：我偏愛野生花而不是栽培花。根據(jù)語境和句意，這里含有比較級結(jié)構(gòu)，因此C最合適。

14.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChineseontheANSWERSHEET.

Twoyearsago,theUnitedNationswarnedthatadiseasecalled“Panamacoulddestroy”muchoftheworldsbananacrop.Sincethen,thingshavenotgottenbetter.AnewoutbreakwasdiscoveredlastyearinAustralia.ThediseasestartedinAsiainthe1990s,andlaterspreadtoAfricaandtheMiddleEast.

WorldhealthofficialsworrythediseasecouldtraveltoLatinAmerica,oneofthetopbananaproducersintheworld.

(41)ThePanamadiseaseisabigconcernbecausebananasareanimportantsourceofincomeandnutrientsformillionsofpeople.Theyaregrownin135tropicalnations.TheUnitedNationslistsbananasasoneofthemostimportantfoods,alongwithrice,wheatandcorn.Bananasalsocontainachemicalwhichitsaysmakespeoplefeelhappy.

RandyPloetz,aprofessorattheUniversityofFlorida,isconsideredbymanyasAmerica’stopbananaexpert,or,“topbanana.”AsheexplainedPanamadiseaseaffectstheCavendishbanana,whichisthemostpopularamongmorethan500kindsofbananas.

“Theindustryiswakinguptotheproblem,”PloetzsaidThursdaybytelephonefromMiami,Florida,wherehewasattendingtheInternationalBananaCongress.

ThemeetingwassupposedtotakeplaceinCostaRica,butwasmovedatthelastminute.TherewereconcernsbananagrowerscouldspreadPanamadiseasefromdirtcollectedontheirshoes.Ploetzsaid.

(42)Ploetz(普羅慈)saidifthediseasespreadstoLatinAmerica,itcouldhurttheworld’seconomyalongwithfoodsuppliesformillionsofpeople.Still,hesaidthereisreasonforhope.ScientistsinAustraliaareworkingonageneticallyengineeredbananathatmightnotbeatriskofgettingPanamadisease.Buthewonderedifpeoplearereadytoacceptgeneticallyengineeredbananas.

RobertBertramischiefscientistfortheU.S.AgencyforInternationalDevelopment(USAID).Hesaidbananasareimportanttomanymillionsofpeopleallovertheworld.“InAfrica,AsiaandtropicalAmerica,bananasareanimportantfoodsourceformorethan100millionpeople,hetoldVOA.”Asacashcrop,bananasaresoldinlocal,regionalandinternationalmarkets,”Bertramsaid.Bananaexportsprovidejobsandforeignmoneythatproducingcountriesneed,hesaid.

BertramsaidUSAIDisorganizingaworldwideefforttoresistPanamadisease.Afungus,knownasTR4,causesthePanamadisease.Before2013Bertramsaid,itwaslimitedtoAsia.Sincethen,itspreadtotheMiddleEastandtoAfrica.Inthe1960s,thesamefunguswipedouttheGrosMichel,bananacrop,whichatthetimewastheworld’smostpopular.TheCavendishreplacedit.

(43)AtWageningen(瓦赫寧根)UniversityintheNetherlands,researchersarelookingforCavendish(卡文迪什)replacements.Theirworkisdifficult.ResearcherssaidthereplacementswillhavetoresistPanamadisease,andsurvivetheshippingtimeneededtogetbananastostoresthousandsofmilesawayfrombananafields.Andtheywillhavetotastegood.

【答案】41.【參考譯文】

香蕉作為一項重大收入來源，同時又是數(shù)百萬人的營養(yǎng)供給源，因此巴拿馬病毒成為當(dāng)前的一個大問題。全球盛產(chǎn)香蕉的國家有135個。聯(lián)合國將香蕉，水稻，小麥和玉米列為最重要的作物。香蕉還富含一種能使人感到愉悅的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。

42.【參考譯文】

普羅慈說如果疾病擴(kuò)散至拉丁美洲，它將威脅到世界經(jīng)濟(jì)以及數(shù)百萬人的食品供應(yīng)。他說，目前仍有挽救的余地。澳大利亞科學(xué)家們正研究可抵御巴拿馬疾病的轉(zhuǎn)基因香蕉，但是普羅慈認(rèn)為人們是否能接受轉(zhuǎn)基因香蕉仍然是一個問題。

43.【參考譯文】

荷蘭瓦赫寧根大學(xué)的研究人員正在尋找取代卡文迪什香蕉的新品種，這是一項艱巨的工作。研究人員表示，新品種香蕉需抵抗巴拿馬疾病并能經(jīng)得起長時間運輸。因為香蕉需運輸?shù)綆浊Ч锿獾氖袌?。?dāng)然，得嘗起來美味。

15.寫作題

Directions:Presentyourperspectiveontheissuebelow,usingrelevantreasonsand/orexamplestosupportyourviews.

Someeducationalsystemsemphasizethedevelopmentofstudent’scapacityforreasoningandlogicalthinking,butstudentswouldbenefitmorefromaneducationthatalsotaughtthemtoexploretheirownemotions.Writeacompositionofabout400wordsentitledStudentsWouldBenefitsMorefromanEducationofEmotions.

【答案】【略】

16.單選題

Themotherwas（）withgriefwhensheheardthatherchildwasdead.

問題1選項

A.fantastic

B.frank

C.frantic

D.frenzy

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。fantastic“奇異的；古怪的”；frank“坦白的，直率的”；frantic“狂亂的，瘋狂的”；frenzy“狂暴；狂怒”。句意：當(dāng)那位母親得知她的孩子死了，悲痛到瘋了。Befranticwith“因……而瘋狂”。選項C符合題意。

17.寫作題

Differentfromtheblindoptimismintheachievementsofmodernsciencethroughoutthe20thcentury,moreandmorepeoplearebeginningtorealizethedestructiveeffectsofscientificprogressuponhumansociety.Manyevenbelievethatwhateverbenefitssciencebringstohumanity,itwillalsobringaboutthemostinhumanviolencetoanimalsandeveryimaginablesortofhorriblemeddlingwithhumanlife.Nowyouaresupposedtowriteanessayinnofewerthan300wordstoshowwhetheryouagreewithsuchabelief.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organizationgrammarandappropriateness.

【答案】【參考范文】

Throughoutthecenturiestothehistoryofscientificdevelopment,scienceandtechnologyhasbeenagreatprogresscomparedtotheprevious,weliveintheeraofrapidchangesinscienceandtechnology,hasfelttheconveniencebroughtbytechnology.Indeed,technologyhasbroughtusalotofbenefits,butalsobroughtmanydisadvantages.Personally,Ithinkthesedisadvantagesarerealandcannotbeignored.Whatweneedtodoistotreatthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologycorrectlyandbringoutitsmaximumpositivesignificance.

Ontheonehand,thankstothedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,ourlivescanbegreatlyenrichedandmadeeasier.Electriclights,newmeansoftransportation,theinventionoftheInternet—thereisnoonewhohasnotbenefitedfromthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.Whenyousitathomeandtapthemouse,youareabletocommunicateface-to-facewithyourrelativesinfarawayplaces;whenyouareontheroadoftravel,holdingthesteeringwheeltightly,youareabletotravelalloverthecountryandenjoythescenery;whenyoustayinahotelandpresstheremotecontroloftheairconditionerleisurely,youenjoythepleasureofwarmthandcoolness.Comparedwiththepast,humanhealthandlivingstandardshavechangedalot.Technologyhasbroughtustoomuchconvenienceandmadegreatprogressinhumandevelopment.

Ontheotherhand,asthesayinggoes,“Thingswilldevelopintheoppositedirectionwhentheybecomeextreme.”Ifanythinggoodisusedtoexcessandtakentotheextreme,therewillbea“double-edgedsword”effect,andthesameistrueforscience.ThedevelopmentofphysicaltheoryhasenabledmankindtomasternuclearenergytechnologybutalsobroughtaboutthenucleardisastersofHiroshimaandNagasaki,wheremankindhadtheabilitytodestroyitselfforthefirsttime.Thedevelopmentofchemistryhasgivenustheunprecedentedabilitytotransformnature,butourgunpowderandexplosiveshavealsoharmedtensofmillionsofourfellowhumanbeings.Advancesinoilexplorationtechnologyhaveallowedmankindtoadvanceatamuchfasterpace.Wehavebeenabletoflyfasterthanthespeedofsound,butthishasalsobroughttoomanywarsandtoomuchstrife,andmadetheearthstarttocatchafever.Atthesametime,theatmospherehasbeendamaged,waterhasbeenpolluted,andenvironmentalproblemsarebecomingincreasinglyserious,causingmanyplantsandanimalstolosetheirhabitats.

Allinall,technologicaldevelopmenthasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.However,weshouldneitherblindlydevelopscienceandtechnologyregardlessoftheconsequencesbecauseitisbeneficial,norshouldwegotostopthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologybecauseithasdisadvantages.Scienceandtechnologyarethegreatdrivingforceofhumansocialprogressonlywhentheyareinbalancewithpeople’sneedsandhumannature.Humanbeingsshouldmakefulluseofthepositiveeffectsofscienceandtechnologyandtrytolimitandovercomethenegativeeffectsbroughtbyscienceandtechnologyinthecontinuouspracticeofunderstandingnatureandtransformingit.

18.單選題

Scientistsbelievethataconclusionwhichisdrawnreadilybeforealloftherelevantdataarecollected,analyzedandcontemplatediscalled（）.

問題1選項

A.insincere

B.premise

C.premature

D.presumption

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。insincere“不誠懇的”，形容詞；premise“前提，假設(shè)”；premature“過早發(fā)生的事物；早產(chǎn)兒”;presumption“假定，推定”。根據(jù)conclusion“結(jié)論”及beforealloftherelevantdataarecollected,analyzedandcontemplated“在所有相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)被收集、分析和考慮之前”可知“稱為推定”符合語境，因此選項D符合題意。

19.單選題

Theyachievedmorethantheyhadeverdreamed,lendingamagictotheirfamilystorythatnotaleorordinarylifecouldpossiblyrival.

問題1選項

A.confirm

B.achieve

C.match

D.exaggerate

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項“確認(rèn)，確定”；B選項“完成，達(dá)到”；C選項“匹配，適合，匹敵”；D選項“夸張，夸大”；題干中rival“競爭對手，同行者，匹敵”，句意：他們的成就超出了他們的夢想，為他們的家庭故事增添了任何故事或普通生活都無法匹敵的魔力。因此C選項符合題意。

20.單選題

Duringtheracesthereweretwoaccidentstomotor-cyclistsincludingone（）accident.

問題1選項

A.fatal

B.killing

C.deadly

D.deathly

【答案】A

【解析】近義詞辨析。fatal致命的，一般指不可避免的；killing殺害的；deadly指能致命或?qū)嶋H已致命的事物，也可指企圖使他人致死的人；deathly死一般的。句意：在比賽中摩托車手發(fā)生了兩起事故，包括一起致命事故。選項A正確。

21.單選題

Itwasoncethoughtthatairpollutionaffectsonlytheareaimmediatelyaroundlargecitieswithfactoriesand/orheavyautomobiletraffic.Today,weknowthatalthoughthesearetheareaswiththeworstairpollution,theproblemisliterallyworldwide.Onseveraloccasionsoverthepastdecade,aheavycloudofairpollutionhascoveredtheentireeasternhalfoftheUnitedStatesandledtohealthwarningseveninruralareasawayfromanymajorconcentrationofmanufacturingandautomobiletraffic.Infact,theveryclimateoftheentireearthmaybeaffectedbyairpollution.Somescientistsfeelthattheincreasingconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheairresultingfromtheburningoffossilfuels(coalandoil)iscreatinga“greenhouseeffect”—holdinginheatreflectedfromtheearthandraisingtheworld’saveragetemperature.Ifthisviewiscorrectandtheworld’stemperatureisraisedonlyafewdegrees,muchofthepolaricecapwillmeltandcitiessuchasNewYork,Boston,Miami,andNewOrleanswillbeunderwater.

Anotherview,lesswidelyheld,isthatincreasingparticularmatterintheatmosphereisblockingsunlightandloweringtheearth’stemperature—aresultthatwouldbeequallydisastrous.Adropofjustafewdegreescouldcreatesomethingclosetoanewiceage,andwouldmakeagriculturedifficultorimpossibleinmanyofourtopfarmingareas.Atpresentwedonotknowforsurethateitheroftheseconditionswillhappen(thoughonerecentgovernmentreportpreparedbyexpertsinthefieldconcludedthatthegreenhouseeffectisverylikely).Perhaps,ifweareverylucky,thetwotendencieswilloffseteachotherandtheworld’stemperaturewillstayaboutthesameasitisnow.

1.Aspointedoutatthebeginningofthepassage,peopleusedtothinkthatairpollution（

）.

2.Asfarasthegreenhouseeffectisconcerned,theauthor

（

）.

3.Theword“offset”inthesecondparagraphcouldbestbereplacedby

（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagetha

（

）.

5.Thispassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

問題1選項

A.causedwidespreaddamageinthecountryside

B.affectedtheentireeasternhalfoftheUnitedStates

C.haddamagingeffectsonhealth

D.existedmerelyinurbanandindustrialareas

問題2選項

A.sharesthesameviewwiththescientists

B.isuncertainofitsoccurrence

C.rejectsitasbeingungrounded

D.thinksthatitwilldestroytheworldsoon

問題3選項

A.slipinto

B.makeupfor

C.setup

D.catchupwith

問題4選項

A.raisingtheworld’stemperatureonlyafewdegreeswouldnotdomuchharmtolifeonearth.

B.loweringtheworld’stemperaturemerelyafewdegreeswouldleadmanymajorfarmingareastodisaster.

C.almostnotemperaturevariationshaveoccurredoverthepastdecade.

D.theworld’stemperaturewillremainconstantintheyearstocome.

問題5選項

A.greenhouseeffect

B.heburningoffossilfuel

C.thepotentialeffectofairpollution

D.thelikelihoodofanewiceage

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“Itwasoncethoughtthatairpollutionaffectsonlytheareaimmediatelyaroundlargecitieswithfactoriesand/orheavyautomobiletraffic.”人們曾經(jīng)認(rèn)為，空氣污染只會影響那些有工廠和/或交通嚴(yán)重的大城市周圍的地區(qū)。因此D選項“只存在于城市和工業(yè)區(qū)”符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Atpresentwedonotknowforsurethateitheroftheseconditionswillhappen.”目前，我們不確定這兩種情況是否會發(fā)生，可知作者對溫室效應(yīng)會產(chǎn)生哪種情況是不確定的，因此選B。

3.詞義題。slipinto意為“滑進(jìn)”；makeupfor意為“補償”；setup意為“建立”；catchupwith意為“追上”。單詞“offset”位于文章第二段最后一句中“Perhaps,ifweareverylucky,thetwotendencieswill（也許，如果我們幸運的話，這兩種趨勢將相互）offseteachotherandtheworld’stemperaturewillstayaboutthesameasitisnow（世界氣溫將保持目前的水平）.”根據(jù)單詞前后的句意再結(jié)合選項意思，可知A選項最為恰當(dāng)，offset意為“抵消，補償”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“...blockingsunlightandloweringtheearth’stemperature—aresultthatwouldbeequallydisastrous（災(zāi)難性的）.Adropofjustafewdegreescouldcreatesomethingclosetoanewiceage,andwouldmakeagriculturedifficultorimpossibleinmanyofourtopfarmingareas.”可知降低地球的溫度會導(dǎo)致災(zāi)難性的結(jié)果，哪怕只降低幾度也會使許多農(nóng)業(yè)地區(qū)受到影響，因此B選項“將世界的溫度降低僅僅幾度會導(dǎo)致許多主要的農(nóng)業(yè)地區(qū)發(fā)生災(zāi)難”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了空氣污染問題，提及的兩種觀點可能會帶來全球的影響，因此選C，文章主要涉及空氣污染帶來的潛在影響。

22.單選題

Undertheterm“services”（）togethermiscellaneousactivitieswithlittleincommonexceptotherthanagriculture,extractiveindustries,utilitiesandmanufacturing.

問題1選項

A.lump

B.tolump

C.islumped

D.arelumped

【答案】D

【解析】語法題。介詞短語位于句首，句子用部分倒裝，所以選項A和B可排除。根據(jù)句子的主語“miscellaneousactivities”為復(fù)數(shù)，所以為了保持主謂一致，be動詞選用復(fù)數(shù)形式are，選項D符合題意。

23.單選題

Theremovalofthetopsoilmayeliminatemostofthecontaminationofthearea.

問題1選項

A.prevent

B.dealwith

C.overcome

D.getridof

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項prevent“防止”；B選項dealwith“處理”；C選項overcome“克服”；D選項getridof“除去”。句意：除去表土可以消除該地區(qū)的大部分污染。劃線部分eliminate是消除的意思。因此D選項正確。

24.單選題

Understandingisoneofthemostimportant（

）ofahappymarriage.

問題1選項

A.initiatives

B.ingredients

C.proverbs

D.possessions

【答案】B

【解析】initiative主動權(quán),首創(chuàng)精神；ingredients要素,組成部分；proverb諺語,格言；possession擁有,財產(chǎn)。句意:理解是幸?；橐鲎钪匾囊蛩刂?。選項B符合句意。

25.單選題

We’llcontinuealongtheroad（）byourpresidentsmorethanseventyyearsago.

問題1選項

A.givenout

B.madeout

C.wipedout

D.mappedout

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。A選項giveout“發(fā)出，排放，公開，分發(fā)”；B選項makeout“艱難地看到，理解，填寫”；C選項wipeout“消滅”；D選項mapout“認(rèn)真安排或設(shè)計，繪制”。句意：我們將繼續(xù)沿著我們兩國總統(tǒng)七十多年前（）的道路前進(jìn)?！鞍l(fā)出道路/理解道路/消滅道路”都不符合題意，因此D選項正確。

26.單選題

Tryingmilitarywrongdoersmayannoythearmedforces,and（

）afreshconflict.

問題1選項

A.proliferate

B.provoke

C.nurture

D.proclaim

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。proliferate意為“激增，猛增”；provoke意為“激起，挑起”；nurture意為“養(yǎng)育”；proclaim意為“宣告，公布”。

句意：嘗試軍事犯罪的不法分子可能會打亂軍事力量，從而激起新的矛盾。

27.單選題

Maskedgunmen（）intheofficesofaFrenchsatiricalnewspaperonWednesday,thepolicesaid,withinitialreportssayingthatasmanyas11peoplehadbeenkilledand10wounded.

問題1選項

A.openedfire

B.wereopeningfire

C.openedfires

D.wasopeningafire

【答案】A

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)thepolicesaid可判斷，這個句子的時態(tài)為一般過去時態(tài)，所以動詞要用過去式，再有固定搭配“openfire”，意為“開火”。句意：警方稱，蒙面槍手周三在一家法國諷刺新聞的辦公室里開火了，最初報道稱多達(dá)11人被殺，10人受傷。選項A符合題意。

28.單選題

Mysecondclaimconcernsindividualdifferences.Owingtotheaccidentsof（

）,environment,andtheirinteraction,notwoofusexhibitthesameintelligenceinpreciselythesameproportions.

問題1選項

A.heredity

B.heir

C.heritage

D.supplement

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。heredity“遺傳，遺傳性”；heir“繼承人，后嗣”；heritage“遺產(chǎn)，傳統(tǒng)，繼承權(quán)”；supplement“補充，補充物，附錄”。根據(jù)句意‘我的第二個聲稱關(guān)于個人差異。由于（

）、環(huán)境及它們之間的相互作用，我們中沒有兩個人以恰好同樣的比例顯示同樣的智力?！_定A選項heredity“遺傳，遺傳性”的正確。

29.單選題

Don't（）thisnewstothepublicuntilwegiveyouthego-ahead.

問題1選項

A.relieve

B.relate

C.release

D.retain

【答案】C

【解析】句意:在我們通知你之前不要向公眾發(fā)布這個消息。

考查動詞辨析。Relieve解除，減輕，緩和；relate聯(lián)系，使有聯(lián)系；release釋放，放出；retain保持，持有，保留。因此C符合句意。

30.單選題

Theauthoritiesclaimthattherateofcrimeisdeclining,butstatisticsshow______.

問題1選項

A.clockwise

B.otherwise

C.elsewhere

D.likewise

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項clockwise“順時針方向地”；B選項otherwise“另外，否則”；C選項elsewhere“在別處；到別處”；D選項likewise“同樣地；也”。句意：當(dāng)局聲稱犯罪率正在下降，但數(shù)據(jù)卻沒顯示……。根據(jù)but可知，句型表示轉(zhuǎn)折，只有選項B表示轉(zhuǎn)折，因此B選項符合題意。

31.單選題

If（）toheavypressure,castironwillcrack.

問題1選項

A.subjecting

B.beingsubjected

C.subjected

D.havingsubjected

【答案】C

【解析】考查條件句的主語省略。當(dāng)條件句的主語與主句的主語一致時，可省略主語。主句里面的主語是castiron“鑄鐵”，條件句省略了主語castiron，壓力是由鑄鐵來承受的，因此應(yīng)該使用subject的過去分詞。句意：如果承受重大壓力，鑄鐵也會斷裂。完整版本應(yīng)是Ifit’ssubjectedtoheavypressure,castironwillcrack.因此C選項符合題意。

32.單選題

Hisargumentdoesnot（）uptoclosescrutiny.

問題1選項

A.hold

B.stand

C.come

D.look

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。根據(jù)題干可知考查standuptoclosescrutiny“經(jīng)得起仔細(xì)的檢查”。句意：他的論點經(jīng)不起推敲。因此B選項正確。

33.單選題

Theirreflexivemindsettellsscientiststhatallclaims,（）political,moral,orreligious,are